The Rehab Guide, Volume 2: Exterior Walls - ToolBase Services

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FIGURE 12JACKING FLOOR JOISTSon top of the sill. Because each stud of a load-bearing wall carries a relatively small portion of the load,the process of supporting the floor joists while removing the rotted sill or rim joist is relatively simple.Once the new sill is anchored to the foundation, the grade next to the wall should be sloped to providedrainage away from the wall.ADVANTAGES: Replacing a major portion or the entire sill is a way to comprehensively address the problemsof decay, and may be more cost-effective than a series of small, interim repairs.DISADVANTAGES: Costly; might require extensive exterior sheathing and siding repairs.3. REPAIR PORTIONS OF THE FOUNDATION OR SUPPORTING COLUMNSUSING EPOXY TECHNIQUES.Small portions of the foundation or columns that support structure above can be reconstituted and consolidatedusing liquid epoxy or epoxy putty (Fig. 13). This is particularly appropriate if the building is ofhistoric significance.ADVANTAGES: Can repair existing structure without removal.DISADVANTAGES: Time consuming. Not practical with large areas of work.FIGURE 1316EPOXY REPLACEMENT
FURTHER READINGRenovating Old Houses, George Nash, Newtown, CT: Taunton Press, 1996.Renovation: A Complete Guide (Second Edition), Michael W. Lichfield, New York: Prentice Hall, 1991.The Old House Journal Guide to Restoration, edited by Patricia Poore, New York: Dutton, 1992.Rehabilitation of Wood-Frame Homes, USDA, Forest Service, Handbook No. 704, February 1998.“Saving House Sills,” “Structural Repair Under Old Floors,” Old House Journal, March/April 1992.“The Structure of Wood-Frame Houses,” Old House Journal, March/April 1992.PRODUCT INFORMATIONIN-SITU STRUCTURAL REPAIRSPreservation Resource Group, P.O. Box 1768, Rockville, MD 20849–1768; 301–309–2222.Abatron, Inc. Wood Restoration Systems, 5501–95th Avenue, Department HP, Kenosha, WI 53144;800–445–1754; www.abatron.com.2.6MITIGATING INSECT DAMAGEESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGEDestructive insects include termites, carpenter ants, and wood-boring beetles (Fig.14). Termites accessabove-ground wood through cracks in foundation walls or slabs or build tubes from the ground up to thewood above to provide the necessary moist environment. Having infested the wood, they can live thereindefinitely with no ground contact if the moisture level is adequate. Sources of moisture include roofleaks, condensation, or plumbing problems. Termites in crawlspaces may build free-hanging tubes fromwood members to the ground. Evidence of termite infestation includes: the presence of mud tubes; damagedwood; active swarms of winged termites or large numbers of discarded wings or evidence of conduciveconditions (e.g., moisture; wood-to-ground contact; inadequate ventilation; settlement cracks; andother likely entry points). Detection tools include: visual inspection; probing of the wood surface with ascrewdriver or pocket knife; sounding (tapping) of the affected area with a hard object such as the handleof the screwdriver; the use of a moisture meter to detect likely environments; infestations; listeningdevices; electronic gas (methane) detectors; and fiber optic devices to inspect areas otherwise inaccessibleto visual inspections. Many species of termites prefer wood that has been previously invaded by fungi. Toguard against drying, termites consume wood only until the outer shell remains, leaving the wood lookingintact. Wood that has been tunneled by termites will sound hollow when tapped with a solid object.Termites will attack all types of wood including redwood, cypress, and junipers if the wood has aged andthe chemicals that provide termite-resistance (alcohols, oils, gums and resins) have leached out. Termiteshave been known to penetrate and damage many non-cellulosic materials such as drywall, plaster, stucco,and plastics. Items damaged include some softer metals (e.g., lead, copper, aluminum). Insulation boardused as a substrate for Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) has often been riddled by termites leadingto the prohibition of foam plastic within 8" of the ground in states with very heavy infestation of termites.Ants are the most reported pests in many parts of the country and range from the arctic to thetropics. Carpenter ants, the major group that damages buildings, tunnel through wood but do not consumeit for food. Main colonies of carpenter ants, given their name because they typically dwell in and17
Page 3: EXTERIOR WALLSVOLUME 2 OF THE REHAB
Page 6: 1THE REHAB GUIDE:EXTERIOR WALLSINTR
Page 11 and 12: FIGURE 4TYPICAL ANCHORS3. REINFORCE
Page 13 and 14: FURTHER READINGA Guide to Strengthe
Page 15 and 16: 4. REINFORCE CONNECTIONS OF WOOD-FR
Page 17: 2.5MOISTURE DETERIORATIONESSENTIAL
Page 21 and 22: gies include the use of microwave e
Page 23 and 24: 3MASONR Y/BRICK VENEERBrick and sto
Page 25 and 26: 3.2APPLY COLORLESS PROTECTIVECOATIN
Page 27 and 28: each cycle. The cracks should be cl
Page 29 and 30: FURTHER READING“Anchored Brick Ve
Page 31 and 32: Increasingly popular and readily av
Page 33 and 34: 8. REPLACE EXISTING SHEATHING WITH
Page 35 and 36: moisture vapor migration into a wal
Page 37 and 38: over rough, irregular surfaces, suc
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE 2HEAD LAPFIGURE 3SILL LAPsea
Page 41 and 42: 6INSULA TIONESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGEInsu
Page 43 and 44: is therefore intended primarily as
Page 45 and 46: self-supporting or may be a non-loa
Page 47 and 48: 7VINYL SIDINGESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGETAB
Page 49 and 50: FIGURE 2, 3 THERMOWALL ® ZIP TOOL7
Page 51 and 52: 8METAL SIDINGESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGEAlu

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