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408 NOTES2. A collection of photographs of the people and places mentionedin this book will be published in the near future.3. From Francesca Fremantle and Chögyam Trungpa, Tibetan Bookof the Dead (Boston: Shambhala, 1975), 68.4. See Appendix 4 for an explanation of this mantra.5. See Chapter 15, "The Process of Dying."6. One text explains: "The route through which the consciousnessescapes determines the future rebirth. If it escapes through the anus,rebirth will be in the hell realm; if through the genital organ, the animalrealm; if through the mouth, the hungry ghost realm; if throughthe nose, the human and spirit realms; if through the navel, the realmof 'desire gods'; if through the ears, the demigods; if through theeyes, the 'form god' realm; and if through the top of the head (fourfinger-widths back from the hairline), the 'formless god' realm. If theconsciousness escapes through the crown of the head, the being willbe reborn in Dewachen, the western paradise of Amitabha." In LamaLodö, Bardo Teachings (Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1987), 11.7. The research was reported in "Psychophysiological Changes Dueto the Performance of the Phowa Ritual," Research for Religion and Parapsychology,Journal No. 17 (December 1987), published by the InternationalAssociation for Religion and Parapsychology, Tokyo, Japan.8. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche told me of a number of such cases.When the famous Dzogchen master Khenpo Ngakchung was still ayoung boy, he once saw the corpse of a calf that had died of starvationat the end of winter. He was filled with compassion and prayedstrongly for the animal, visualizing its consciousness traveling to theparadise of Buddha Amitabha. At that moment a hole appeared inthe top of the calf's skull, from which blood and fluid flowed.9. There are also certain buddhas who pledged that whoever hearstheir name at the moment of death will be helped. Simply recitingtheir names into the ear of the dying person can be of benefit. This isalso done for animals when they die.10. Literally the "prana-mind": one master explains that "prana"expresses mind's aspect of mobility, and "mind" its aspect of awareness,but they are essentially one and the same thing.11. Padmasamhhava's explanation is quoted by Tsele NatsokRangdrol in his well-known explanation of the cycle of four bardos,published in English as the Mirror of Mindfulness (Boston: Shambhala,1989).15. THE PROCESS OF DYING1. These are methods of observing your shadow in the sky at certaintimes and on particular days of the month.2. Ambrosia Heart Tantra, annotated and translated by Dr. YeshiDhondhen and Jhampa Kelsang (Dharamsala: Library of TibetanWorks and Archives, 1977), 33.