4 Behavior of Gases

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Name Class DateSECTION 4Behavior of Gases continuedGay-Lussac’s LawWhen volume is constant, the pressure of a gasincreases as temperature increases. Pressuredecreases as temperature decreases.In other words, the pressure and temperature of a gasare directly related. As one changes, the other changes inthe same direction.6. Compare How are the relationshipsbetween variablesdescribed in Gay-Lussac’s lawand Charles’s law similar?TEMPERATURE AND VOLUMELike the temperature and pressure of a gas, the temperatureand volume of a gas are directly related. Thisrelationship is described in Charles’s Law.Charles’s LawWhen the amount of a gas and pressure areconstant, the volume of a gas increases as itstemperature increases. Likewise, as volumedecreases, temperature decreases.The figure below illustrates Charles’s Law. Both pistonshave the same amount of gas at the same pressure.When temperature decreases, thegas particles move more slowly andvolume decreases.When temperature increases, the gasparticles move faster and volumeincreases.The following experiment also illustrates Charles’s law.7. Identify What two factorsdid not change during theexperiment?Air-filled balloons are putinto liquid nitrogen.The low temperatureof the liquid nitrogenmakes the volumes ofthe air in the balloonssmaller.”When the balloons areremoved from the liquidnitrogen, their temperatureincreases. Thevolume of each balloonincreases to its originalvolume.Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader 64 States of Matter
Name Class DateSECTION 4Behavior of Gases continuedHow Can Graphs Illustrate the Gas Laws?You can use graphs to show how temperature, pressure,and volume affect gases. A graph can show therelationship between two factors. For example, the graphcan show if a relationship is direct or inverse. In a directrelationship, the two variables change in the same direction.In an inverse relationship, the variables change inopposite directions. In the graph below, temperature andvolume have a direct relationship.Volume (L)Volume versus Temperature fora Gas at a Constant Pressure0.7000.6000.5000.4000.3000.200GraphingSkills8. Analyze Is the relationshipshown in this graphdirect or inverse? How doyou know?0.1000.0000 100 200 300Temperature (K)The shape of the line in a graph also describes therelationship. If a graph is a straight line, such as thegraph above, one variable is directly or inverselyproportional to the other. In a proportional relationship,the variables stay in the same ratio to each other as theirvalues change. If a graph is a curve, one variable is notproportional to the other. This means that the variablesdo not stay in the same ratio to each other as their valueschange.Volume (L)Volume versus Pressurefor a Gas at a Constant Temperature0.5000.4000.3000.2000.1009. Analyze Is this relationshipproportional? Explainyour answer.10. Identify Which gas lawdoes this graph represent?11. Infer Is the relationshipbetween the variables director inverse? Explain youranswer.0.0000 100 200 300 400Pressure (kPa)Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader 65 States of Matter
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4 Behavior of Gases

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