(1983). Research Round-Up. Connections, 6 (2) - INSNA

- 34 -CARNEVALE, Peter J .D ., Dean G . PRUITT & Patricia I . CARRINGTON (Psych . SUNY-Buffalo) . 1982 . "Effects offuture dependence, Liking, and repeated requests for help on helping behaviour ." SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLYVol . 45 (1) : 9-14 .The joint effect on helping behavior of liking and dependence on another for future rewards was examined .It was hypothesized that future dependence produces more helping behavior between people who like oneanother than between people who dislike one another . This hypothesis was derived from the Pruitt andKimmel (1977) goal/expectation theory, a theory developed to interpret certain findings about cooperationin the prisoner's dilemma game . The hypothesis was supported . For people who liked one another, futuredependence led to more time spent helping and a greater amount of help than no future dependence . Forpeople who disliked one another, helping was low regardless of the extent of future dependence . Inaddition, the amount of help given the other increased across trials only for those subjects who weredependent on the other for later help . The Pruitt and Kimmel theory explains the low level of help inthe conditions where the other was disliked as due to a lack of trust that the other would reciprocate .CHAPPELL, Neena L . (Manitoba) . 1983 .5 (1) : 77-99 ."Informal support networks among the elderly ." RESEARCH ON AGINGThis article points to the current popularity of a family-nonfamily conceptual distinction in currentgerontological research . It argues for the utility of a peer, intergenerational distinction, highlightingnonfamily age peers as an important but relatively neglected area of study . It presents empirical dataexploring these concepts . It is only after a diversity of types of supports are examined (includingavailability of social support, interaction in and satisfaction with these relationships, and participationin various recreational activities) that the particular importance of nonfamily age peers becomesapparent . The data indicate the importance of these concepts, differentially, depending on the activityand type of interaction examined .CHRISTIE, Vigdis (Norwegian Institute of Urban & Regional Research) . 1976 . "Poverty, social c,mtact &social class ." ACTA SOCIOLOGICA 19 (4) : 375-86 .In a Norwegian survey, a clear connection exists between those who have few social contacts and having alow income or low education level .CLARK, G .L . (Harvard) . 1983 . "Fluctuations and rigidities in Local Labor markets . Part 2 : reinterpretingcontracts ." ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A 15 : 365-377 .Local labor markets are characterized by rigidities in their patterns of adjustment to short-run fluctuations. With or without unions, fluctuations in employment, hours worked, and money wages are unlike thepatterns predicted by conventional discrete-exchange labor-market theories . Moreover there are distinctgeographical and industrial patterns in the observed rigidities . Neoclassical implicit contract theory hasbeen vindicated . Or has it? Obvious empirical difficulties remain, especially with regard to predictingwhich adjustment variable has precedence . There are conceptual shortcomings as well, evidenced by ad hocassumptions of cooperative wealth maximization . By integrating the underlying structure of inequalitywith the processes of production and exchange, principles of an alternative conceptualization of contracttheory are sketched and their implications noted for a set of hypothetical local labor markets . Basedupon these arguments a research agenda for analyzing the relational character of local labor markets isbriefly outlined .DAVIS, Donald D . (Psych . Michigan State) & Leonard A . JASON (Psych . De Paul) . 1982 . "Developing a supportnetwork for community psychologists ." JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 10 : 15-22 .Over the past few years a diverse group of community-oriented individuals from academic and appliedsettings has scheduled regular meetings at different universities . This group, officially called theMidwestern Eco-Community Psychology Interest Group, has provided an important source of support to individualswith community interests . The present paper describes the evolution of this group and presentssurvey data suggesting that this developing network has successfully facilitated the exchange of resourcesand information among members .DEGENNE, Alain (Centre d'analyse et de mathematiques sociales, E .H .E .S .S ., Paris) . 1983 . "Sur Lesreseaux de sociabilite ." REVUE FRANCAIS DE SOCIOLOGIE 24 : 109-118 .A general review of some basic network analytic works (White, Granovetter, Mitchell, McPherson, Erickson,Snyder and Kick, etc .), also linking their concerns to recent French sociological work .