(1983). Research Round-Up. Connections, 6 (2) - INSNA

- 4 2 -SIDDIQUE, C . Muhammad (Saskatchewan), & Jams L . TURK (Toronto) . 1983 . "Work and social participation ina contemporary urban-industrial society : a review of the literature and analysis of Canadian data ."CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY 20 (May) : 123-49 .Studies that have attempted to explain segregation in community-related social activities of the family byconcentrating on its SES and network connectedness have been largely inconclusive . Following a criticalevaluation of these two approaches, this paper explores an alternative argument that suggests that an explanationof social segregation may be sought in the work experience of wage-earners which they carry over totheir family life . Several thoeretical and empirical studies are reviewed to hypothesize that segregationin both primary and organization-focused social activities occurs in response to occupational constraintsand specific orientations that stem from highly bureaucratic work settings, mechanically-paced jobs anddisorderly work careers . Using Multiple Classification Analysis, these hypotheses are examined with dataon 105 intact, single-earner families of East York, Toronto . The data showed a greater support for thesealternative hypotheses . There was some support for the SES hypothesis but no definitive findings emergedon the network hypothesis . The findings of this study indicate a need for shifting the conventional focusfrom SES and social networks to studies of social participation in relation to different components of thework experience .SIMMONS, James (Geog . Toronto) . 1979 . "The evolution o f the Canadian urban system. " Pp . 9-33 in THEUSABLE URBAN PAST, ed. b y Alan Artibise & Gilbert Stelter . Toronto : Macmillan .This essay focuses on the economic processes which initiate and transmit growth impulses in the Canadianurban system . Where, and through which decisions, does growth occur? How does growth move from place toplace in order to produce the patterns of urban growth which we observe consistently over time?SKVORETZ, John (S . Carolina) . 1983 . "Salience, heterogeneity and consolidation of parameters : ccvtltzzngBlau's primitive theory ." AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 48 (June) : 360-375 .Blau's (1977) theory uses properties of macro social structure to deduce properties of micro social structure,the network of observed social relations among individuals . This paper continues the work of Fararo (1981)in providing a formal linkage between these two levels using the concepts of biased net theory . The applicationprovides versions of Blau's major theorems that uncover implications not readily apparent from hisverbal presentation, permits the extension of his theory beyond characteristics along which preferences foringroup association exist to ones along which preferences for outgroup association may exist (and ones evenstranger where both preference types may exist) , demonstrates the theoretical basis for some negative resultsof recent research (Blau et al ., 1982), and offers a rigorous basis for a general formal theory of socialstructure's influences on people's associations with one another .SMITH, D . Randall (Rutgers) . 1983 . "Mobility in professional occupational-internal labor markets :stratification, segmentation and vacancy chains ." AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 48 (June) : 289-305 .The partitioning of the national labor market along a number of dimensions has recently been a topic ofconsiderable interest . Less attention has been directed to the segmentation that occurs within submarketsor economic sectors . Yet the same forces that create sectors at the national level also segment internallabor markets bounded by occupations . The analysis of 1,741 job vacancy chains involving inter-collegiatefootball and basketball coaches demonstrates that a core-periphery segmentation occurs within theseoccupational-internal labor markets . Jobs within the core of the market are more stable and individualshave greater chances for mobility . These results suggest that disaggregating the national labor marketsolely on the basis of occupation or economic variables is insufficient .STEWMAN, Shelby (Carnegie-Mellon), & Suresh L . KONDA (Purdue) . 1983 . "Careers and organizational labormarkets : demographic models of organizational behavior ." AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 88 (4) : 637-85 .It is commonly held that an individual's career prospects decline the higher he or she rises in an organization. In many cases this is not true ; this paper identifies four organizational microstructures and twotriggering mechanisms that provide clues for assessing one's career prospects in different organizations .The four microstructures are grade ratios, vacancy chains, managerial selection preferences, and cohortsize . Growth and exit rates are important triggering mechanisms prompting these microstructures into action .In addition, the effects of being identified as a "star" are shown as they are mediated through these organizationalstructures . Since the microstructures stretch across the full set of heirarchical grades, theyare used to explicate the sequential career chances over the full organizational career span and the comparativelevel of difficulty at each promotion "gateway ." Biases from both retrospective and panel data alsoindicate the importance of sampling from labor markets as well as from career streams to identify the underlyingstructures that operate alongside the more commonly studied heterogeneity of individuals . The approachused here links three usually disparate areas -- labor, organizations, and demography -- and in some casesextends the results of stable population theory within organizational demography . Data from three organizations-- in both private and public sectors -- are used to illustrate the model and to conduct empiricaltests and thereby provide initial confirmation of the theory .