ANIMAL TISSUE - Career Point

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CAREER POINT .Cyton– Cyton is also called cell body or soma, its shape is variable.– Its cytoplasm is granular called neuroplasm, within neuroplasm has a prominent spherical nucleusgolgibodies, endoplasmic reticulum lysosome, fat globules, Nissl’s granules and neurofibril is found.– Nissl's granules are comparatively large and irregular masses of ribosomes and rough endoplasmicreticulum. It is believed that nissil’s granules synthesize protein in the cell. Nissl's granules are madeup of m-RNA, ER, Ribosomes and has affinity for basic dyes.A mature neuron cannot divide.Corporate Office: CP Tower, IPIA, Road No.1, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 (6 lines) ANIMAL TISSUE 48
Nerve processesCAREER POINT .The nerve processess are also called neurites. Nerve processes can be divided into two parts-(a) Dendrites (b) AxonDendrites -Dendrites may be one or several. It is branched structure.Axon -– It is single, long and cylindrical process whose main function is to conduct the nerve impulses awayfrom the cyton, so, axon is efferent in nature.– It is the longest nerve process of a neuron.Note :– Giant squid (loligo) has axon of about 1500 µm in diameter.– Neurons with very long axon is called golgi type I.– Axon possess only neuro-fibrils. (Nissls Granule, Golgi body, Ribosome, fat globules are absent). Thepart of cyton from where the axon arises is called axon hillock. Some axon also give rise to sidebranches called collateral fibres.– The plasmalemma of axon is called axolemma whereas cytoplasm is called axoplasm.– The axon ends in a group of branched, the terminal arborization, ends of terminal arborization possessknob like structure called synaptic knob or synaptic buttons.Synapse– Synaptic knobs comes to lie very close to the dendrons of next neuron to form the synapses. There is amicroscopic gap of about 200 Å called synaptic cleft.– The nerve impulses are transmitted from axon to dendron with the help of chemical calledneurotransmitters which is either acetylcholine or adrenalin (epinephrine) or Electrical symapse (withsynaptic cleft of 2 nm)⇒ Acetylcholine or adrenaline is produced by the secretory vesicles of the synaptic knobs.Types of neuronsPseudopolar Unipolar Bipolar MultipolarOn the basis of number of dendron and axon neurons are of 3 types -– Unipolar neuron - The neuron having a single process the axon are called unipolar neuron.e.g.Unipolar nervous system occurs in embryo.– Bipolar neuron - The neuron having one dendron and an axon at the opposite pole of the cell areknown as bipolar neuron.e.g. Bipolar neuron occur in retina of eye, Olfactory epithelium, Organ of Corti, Taste bonds.Corporate Office: CP Tower, IPIA, Road No.1, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 (6 lines) ANIMAL TISSUE 49
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ANIMAL TISSUE - Career Point

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