Langley Flying School Private Pilot Groundschool Manual Sample ...

Private and Recreational Pilot Groundschool Manual Page 3Langley Flying School, Inc.DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................................. 37ENGINE TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................... 37Radial Engines ..................................................................................................................................................... 37In-Line Engines.................................................................................................................................................... 37Horizontally opposed ........................................................................................................................................... 37PARTS OF AN ENGINE ............................................................................................................................................... 38FOUR STROKES OF AN ENGINE ................................................................................................................................. 38TIMING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 38COOLING .................................................................................................................................................................. 39OIL ........................................................................................................................................................................... 39FUEL AND FUEL SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................................................ 40Pilot Mixture Control .......................................................................................................................................... 40FUEL SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................................................................... 41Special Considerations associated with Fuel ...................................................................................................... 41CARBURETTOR ICING ............................................................................................................................................... 41Superchargers and Turbochargers ...................................................................................................................... 42Ignition ................................................................................................................................................................ 42ELECTRICAL POWER ................................................................................................................................................. 43PROPELLERS ............................................................................................................................................................. 44QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 45Answers ................................................................................................................................................................ 46AERODYNAMICS AND THEORY OF FLIGHT ................................................................................................. 47FORCES OF FLIGHT ................................................................................................................................................... 47Lift ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47Weight .................................................................................................................................................................. 47Thrust ................................................................................................................................................................... 47Drag ..................................................................................................................................................................... 47GENERATING LIFT .................................................................................................................................................... 47Airfoils ................................................................................................................................................................. 47Bernoulli’s Theorem ............................................................................................................................................ 47Ram Air ................................................................................................................................................................ 48Angle of Attack..................................................................................................................................................... 48DRAG ....................................................................................................................................................................... 48Parasitic Drag ..................................................................................................................................................... 48Induced drag ........................................................................................................................................................ 49Boundary Layer ................................................................................................................................................... 49Aileron Drag ........................................................................................................................................................ 49Stalls .................................................................................................................................................................... 50FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE STALL .......................................................................................................................... 50Snow, frost, ice and dirt:...................................................................................................................................... 50Weight .................................................................................................................................................................. 50Centre of Gravity ................................................................................................................................................. 50Turbulence ........................................................................................................................................................... 50Turns .................................................................................................................................................................... 51Flaps .................................................................................................................................................................... 51SPINS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 51LIFT-DRAG RATIO ..................................................................................................................................................... 52WING DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................................... 52Laminar and conventional airfoils ...................................................................................................................... 52Angle of incidence ............................................................................................................................................... 52Washout ............................................................................................................................................................... 52Stall Strips ........................................................................................................................................................... 53Airfoil Variation .................................................................................................................................................. 53STABILITY ................................................................................................................................................................ 53Longitudinal ........................................................................................................................................................ 53© 2012 David L. Parry