Introduction to Programming Using Java - Department of ...

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DrawableObjectTwoPointObject MultipointObjectCHAPTER 1. THE MENTAL LANDSCAPE 12DrawableObject, MultipointObject, and TwoPointObject would be classes in the program.MultipointObject and TwoPointObject would be subclasses of DrawableObject. The classLine would be a subclass of TwoPointObject and (indirectly) of DrawableObject. A subclass ofa class is said to inherit the properties of that class. The subclass can add to its inheritance andit can even “override” part of that inheritance (by defining a different response to some method).Nevertheless, lines, rectangles, and so on are drawable objects, and the class DrawableObjectexpresses this relationship.Polygon Curve Line Rectangle OvalInheritance is a powerful means for organizing a program. It is also related to the problemof reusing software components. A class is the ultimate reusable component. Not only can itbe reused directly if it fits exactly into a program you are trying to write, but if it just almostfits, you can still reuse it by defining a subclass and making only the small changes necessaryto adapt it exactly to your needs.So, OOP is meant to be both a superior program-development tool and a partial solutionto the software reuse problem. Objects, classes, and object-oriented programming will beimportant themes throughout the rest of this text.1.6 The Modern User InterfaceWhen computers were first introduced, ordinary people—including most programmers— (online)couldn’t get near them. They were locked up in rooms with white-coated attendants who wouldtake your programs and data, feed them to the computer, and return the computer’s responsesome time later. When timesharing—where the computer switches its attention rapidly fromone person to another—was invented in the 1960s, it became possible for several people tointeract directly with the computer at the same time. On a timesharing system, users sit at“terminals” where they type commands to the computer, and the computer types back its response.Early personal computers also used typed commands and responses, except that therewas only one person involved at a time. This type of interaction between a user and a computeris called a command-line interface.Today, of course, most people interact with computers in a completely different way. Theyuse a Graphical User Interface, or GUI. The computer draws interface components on thescreen. The components include things like windows, scroll bars, menus, buttons, and icons.Usually, a mouse is used to manipulate such components. Assuming that you have not justbeen teleported in from the 1970s, you are no doubt already familiar with the basics of graphicaluser interfaces!A lot of GUI interface components have become fairly standard. That is, they have similarappearance and behavior on many different computer platforms including Macintosh, Windows,
CHAPTER 1. THE MENTAL LANDSCAPE 13and Linux. Java programs, which are supposed to run on many different platforms withoutmodification to the program, can use all the standard GUI components. They might vary alittle in appearance from platform to platform, but their functionality should be identical onany computer on which the program runs.Shown below is an image of a very simple Java program—actually an “applet”, since it ismeant to appear on a Web page—that shows a few standard GUI interface components. Thereare four components that the user can interact with: a button, a checkbox, a text field, and apop-up menu. These components are labeled. There are a few other components in the applet.The labels themselves are components (even though you can’t interact with them). The righthalf of the applet is a text area component, which can display multiple lines of text, and ascrollbar component appears alongside the text area when the number of lines of text becomeslarger than will fit in the text area. And in fact, in Java terminology, the whole applet is itselfconsidered to be a “component.”Now, Java actually has two complete sets of GUI components. One of these, the AWT orAbstract Windowing Toolkit, was available in the original version of Java. The other, whichis known as Swing, is included in Java version 1.2 or later, and is used in preference to theAWT in most modern Java programs. The applet that is shown above uses components thatare part of Swing. If your Web browser uses an old version of Java, you might get an errorwhen the browser tries to load the applet. Remember that most of the applets in this textbookrequire Java 5.0 (or higher).When a user interacts with the GUI components in this applet, an “event” is generated.For example, clicking a push button generates an event, and pressing return while typing in atext field generates an event. Each time an event is generated, a message is sent to the applettelling it that the event has occurred, and the applet responds according to its program. Infact, the program consists mainly of “event handlers” that tell the applet how to respond tovarious types of events. In this example, the applet has been programmed to respond to eachevent by displaying a message in the text area.The use of the term “message” here is deliberate. Messages, as you saw in the previous section,are sent to objects. In fact, Java GUI components are implemented as objects. Javaincludes many predefined classes that represent various types of GUI components. Some ofthese classes are subclasses of others. Here is a diagram showing some of Swing’s GUI classesand their relationships:
Page 1 and 2: Introduction to Programming Using J
Page 3 and 4: ContentsPrefacex1 The Mental Landsc
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSiv5.5 Inheritance and Polym
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTSvi7.5 Multi-dimensional Arr
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTSviii11.1.5 The Scanner Clas
Page 12 and 13: PrefaceIntroduction to Programming
Page 14 and 15: Prefacexii• Post an unmodified co
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Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER 1. THE MENTAL LANDSCAPE 4
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 1. THE MENTAL LANDSCAPE 6mu
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER 1. THE MENTAL LANDSCAPE 8
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 1. THE MENTAL LANDSCAPE 10p
Page 28 and 29: JComponentJAbstractButton JComboBox
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER 1. THE MENTAL LANDSCAPE 16i
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2Programming in the Small I
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Page 36 and 37: CHAPTER 2. NAMES AND THINGS 22No sp
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Page 40 and 41: CHAPTER 2. NAMES AND THINGS 262.2.3
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 2. NAMES AND THINGS 30lengt
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Page 71 and 72: Exercises 57Exercises for Chapter 2
Page 73 and 74: Quiz 59Quiz on Chapter 2(answers)1.
Page 75 and 76: CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 61That is, it co
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 63public class I
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 65System.out.pri
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 67time we proces
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 69In order to co
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 71TextIO.putln(N
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 73that were intr
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 75count = 0;/* R
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 77Similarly,〈d
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 793.4.1 For Loop
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 81(1) // There a
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 83Finally, we ca
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 85}System.out.pr
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 87The enhanced f
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 89if (〈boolean
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 91}System.out.pr
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 93TextIO.putln("
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 95Why? Because t
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 97TextIO.putln("
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 99to replace the
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 101As an example
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 103}}count = 0;t
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 105of the class)
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 107rectHeight =
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CHAPTER 3. CONTROL 109height = getH
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Exercises 1115. Suppose that a file
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Quiz 113Quiz on Chapter 31. What is
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Chapter 4Programming in the Large I
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 117The contr
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 119}// param
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 121Tell the
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 123distingui
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 125TextIO.pu
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 127A formal
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 129break the
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 131parameter
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 133return ty
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 135return
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 137* startin
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 139The Java
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 141line come
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 143comments
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 145of the su
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 147* Inserts
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 149}mosaic.s
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 151Mosaic.se
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 153}.. // Mo
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 155final sta
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CHAPTER 4. SUBROUTINES 157.. // Mor
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Exercises 159Exercises for Chapter
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Exercises 161will call Mosaic.setCo
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Chapter 5Programming in the Large I
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 165a
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 167b
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 171p
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 1775
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 183a
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 187*
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 189*
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 195I
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 199}
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 214}
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CHAPTER 5. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 216A
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Exercises 220which means to add ano
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Quiz 222Counter headCount, tailCoun
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CHAPTER 6. INTRODUCTION TO GUI PROG
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Exercises 3068. Write a panel with
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Exercises 308
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Quiz 31011. Explain how Timers are
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 312}int id number
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 314Note that the
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 316int[] primes =
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 318(There is one
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 320}return null;d
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 322} // end birth
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 324public void pa
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 326variable arity
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 328order. (This i
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shapes.length shapes[0] shapesCHAPT
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 332*/public int g
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 334• list.size(
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 336If g is a vari
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 338type ArrayList
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 340// Draw a line
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 342* Searches the
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 344associates a p
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 346it’s really
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 348static void se
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 350}for (int last
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 352follow the sam
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 354double totalPr
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BLACK BLACK BLACK BLACK 1 BLACK BLA
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 358/*** Return an
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CHAPTER 7. ARRAYS 360*/private bool
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Exercises 364If ball is a variable
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Exercises 366}word += "\’" + Text
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Quiz 368Quiz on Chapter 7(answers)1
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Chapter 8Correctness and Robustness
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CHAPTER 8. CORRECTNESS AND ROBUSTNE
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Throwable ErrorSocketException EOFE
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Exercises 418L 50XL 40Write a class
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Exercises 420number of divisors. No
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Quiz 422Theincrement() method is sy
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CHAPTER 9. LINKED DATA STRUCTURES A
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RootNode412 3 null 56CHAPTER 9. LIN
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Exercises 476Write a subroutine tha
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Quiz 478Quiz on Chapter 9(answers)1
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Chapter 10Generic Programming andCo
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CHAPTER 10. GENERIC PROGRAMMING AND
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Exercises 528program WordCount.java
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Quiz 530Quiz on Chapter 10(answers)
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Exercises 602board = newBoard; // S
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Chapter 12Advanced GUI ProgrammingI
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CHAPTER 12. ADVANCED GUI PROGRAMMIN
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illustration:AscentLeading DescentL
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Exercises 666This method must also
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Appendix: Source FilesThis section
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Source Code Listing 670• ReverseW
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Source Code Listing 672• RandomSt
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Source Code Listing 674the document
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Source Code Listing 676general enou
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