Mass Shootings at Virginia Tech

Discussions with the family members of the
deceased victims and the survivors and their
family members revealed how critical it is to
address the needs of those most closely related to
victims with rapid and effective victim services
and an organized family assistance center with
carefully controlled information management
Family members of homicide victims struggle
with two distinct processes: the grief associated
with the loss of a loved one and the wounding of
the spirit created by the trauma. Together they
impose the tremendous burden of a complicated
grieving process.
Post traumatic stress is likely to have affected
many dozens of individuals beginning with the
men and women who were in the direct line of
fire or elsewhere in Norris Hall and survived,
and the first responders to the scene who dealt
with the horrific scene.
While every injured victim and every family
members of a deceased victim is unique, much of
what they reported about the confusion and disorganization
following the incident was similar
in nature.
Numerous families reported frustration with
poor communications and organization in the
university’s outreach following the tragedy,
including errors and omissions made at commencement
proceedings.
A coordinated system-wide response to public
safety is lacking. With the exception of the
Virginia community College System, which immediately
formed an Emergency Preparedness
Task Force for its 23 institutions, the response of
the state-supported colleges and universities has
been uncoordinated. To the panel’s knowledge,
there have been no meetings of presidents and
senior administrators to discuss such issues as
guns on campus, privacy laws, admissions processes,
and critical incident management plans.
The independent colleges and universities met
collectively with members of the panel, and the
community colleges have met with panel members
two times. The presidents of the senior colleges
and universities declined a request to meet
CHAPTER XI. IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH AND LONG ROAD TO HEALING
146
with members of the panel June 26, saying it
was “not timely” to do so.
RECOMMENDATIONS
T
he director of Criminal Injuries Compensation
Fund and the chief of the Victim Services
Section (Department of Criminal Justice)
conducted internal after-action reviews and prepared
recommendations for the future based on
the lessons that were learned. The recommendations
with which the panel concurred are incorporated
into the following recommendations.
XI-1 Emergency management plans should
include a section on victim services that
addresses the significant impact of homicide
and other disaster-caused deaths on
survivors and the role of victim service providers
in the overall plan. Victim service professionals
should be included in the planning,
training, and execution of crisis response plans.
Better guidelines need to be developed for federal
and state response and support to local governments
during mass fatality events.
XI-2 Universities and colleges should
ensure that they have adequate plans to
stand up a joint information center with a
public information officer and adequate
staff during major incidents on campus. The
outside resources that are available (including
those from the state) and the means for obtaining
their assistance quickly should be listed in
the plan. Management of the media and of selfdirected
volunteers should be included.
XI-3 When a family assistance center is created
after a criminal mass casualty event,
victim advocates should be called immediately
to assist the victims and their families.
Ideally, a trained victim service provider should
be assigned to serve as a liaison to each victim or
victim’s family as soon as practical. The victim
service should help victims navigate the agencies
at the FAC.
XI-4 Regularly scheduled briefings should
be provided to victims’ families as to the
status of the investigation, the