Crane Loads As They Affect Wharf Design - staging.files.cms.plus.com

Types of Cranes• Container Gantry• Dry Bulk Gantry• Mobile2

Typical Container Gantry Crane3

Typical Dry Bulk Unloader4

Typical Dry Bulk Loader5

Typical Mobile Crane6

Types of Wharf Structures• Gravity• Pile Supported7

Typical Gravity Wharf Structure• Cost relatively insensitive to crane loading8

Port Salalah Container Terminal, Oman9

Typical Pile Supported Wharf Structure• Cost sensitive to crane loading10

Pile Supported Pier• Cost very sensitive to crane loading11

Crane Characteristics Needed for Design• Dimensional• Loading12

Crane Dimensional Characteristics• Gage (spacing betweenrails)• C – to – c distancebetween corners• Number of wheels percorner• Spacing of wheels13

Crane Loading CharacteristicsMaximum Load Per Corner• Operating Condition– Water Side Vertical– Land Side Vertical– Horizontal• Extreme Condition– Water Side Vertical– Land Side Vertical– Horizontal14

Example Super Post-Panamax CraneDimensional CharacteristicsCharacteristic Jebel Ali, Dubai Doraleh, Djibouti• Gage (spacing betweenrails)• C – to – c distancebetween corners• Number of wheels percorner42 30.4814.1 15.58 8• Spacing of wheels 1.3 1.215

Example Super Post-Panamax CraneLoading CharacteristicsLoadMaximum Load Per CornerJebel Ali, DubaiDoraleh, Djibouti• Operating Condition– Water Side Vertical, kN– Land Side Vertical, kN– Horizontal, kN• Extreme Condition– Water Side Vertical, kN– Land Side Vertical, kN– Horizontal, kN11,2009,60080012,00012,0002,1008,4006,80040010,4008,96084016

Crane and Wharf Cost vs. Rail LoadingCostCostPile SupportedGravityRail LoadingRail LoadingCRANE COST*WHARF COST* For given crane performance requirements17

Crane + Wharf Cost vs. Rail LoadingGravityCostPile SupportedRail Loading18

Modifying Existing Wharves• Deepening issues• Crane load issues• Fender system• Mooring system• New code requirements19

Berth Deepening• Reduces Global Stability• Reduces Local Stability• Reduces Pile Embedment Capacity• Reduces Pile Structural Capacity20

Global Stability21

Local Stability22

Pile Capacity23

Crane Load Issues• Increased reach• Increased lifting capacity• Increased weightRESULT• Increased rail loading• Increased tie-down forces24

APM Port Elizabeth Container Terminal25

APM Port Elizabeth Container Terminal• Existing Features• Upgrading Requirements– Constructed ca. 1970– 40 ft water depth– 52 ft water depth– 50 ft wide platform– 30 ton timber piles– 20 kips per ft rail load– 250 ton steel piles– 50 kips per ft rail load– 100 ft rail gage– 500 psf deck live load– 85 ton bollard @ 120 ft– Minimal timber/rubberfender system– No seismic criteria– 165 ton bollards @ 40 ft– Fender system for SuperPost-Panamax vessels– Seismic zone 226

APM Port Elizabeth Container TerminalExisting Wharf Structure27

APM Port Elizabeth Container TerminalKing Pile Cut-Off WallKING PILE – SECTION28

APM Port Elizabeth Container TerminalCrane Rail Capacity Increase• Same Location as Existing Rails• Landward of Existing Rails• Seaward of Existing Rails29

APM Port Elizabeth Container TerminalNew Rails Same Location as Existing Rails30

Howland Hook Container Terminal31

Howland Hook Container Terminal• Existing Features• Upgrading Requirements– Constructed ca. 1970– 35 ft water depth– 52 ft water depth– 67 ft wide platform– concrete and steel piles– 20 kips per ft rail load– 50 ft rail gage– 300 ton steel piles– 42 kips per ft rail load– 100 ft rail gage– 500 psf deck live load– 85 ton bollard @ 88 ft– 15”φ rubber cylinderfender system– No seismic criteria– 100 ton bollard @ 44 ft– Fender system for SuperPost-Panamax vessels– Seismic zone 232

Howland Hook Container TerminalExisting Wharf Structure33

Howland Hook Container TerminalUpgraded Wharf Structure34