46 sorrow at, the death of all friends and relatives, and said:– 48. O Calamity! Look at thedeep-seated ignorance of the wicked afellow that I am! For the sake of this body which isgoing to be the food of jackals and vultures, I have caused the destruction of armies and thecountless men comprising them. 49. I am not going to be liberated from hell even afterthousands upon thousands of years of suffering there, the slayer as I am of children,Brāhmaṇas, friends, relatives, fathers, brothers, teachers and the like. 50. The dictum thatfor a ruling prince with the duty of protecting his subjects, slaying enemies in a righteouswar is not a sin — fails to convince me. 51. The tremendous suffering I have caused to thewomenfolk, whose relatives have met with death on account of me, is something thatcannot be atoned for by any rites which could be performed in a householder's life or bycharities or sacrifices. 52. Hardened dirt cannot wash away fluid dirt. The effect of a smallquantity of an intoxicant cannot be neutralised by drinking large quantities of it. So also thedeath you cause once in ignorance cannot be expiated by the deliberate slaughter of a verylarge number of living creatures in sacrificial rites.<strong>Skandha</strong> I : Chapter 9THE LIBERATION OF BHISHMADeparture to meet Bhishma (1-11)Suta said:– 1. Yudhiṣṭhira, distressed by an uneasy conscience due to the fear of havingbrought about great misery to his people, and anxious to have all his doubts regardingrighteous conduct cleared, now went to the spot at Kuruskṣetra, where Bhishma, otherwiseknown as Devavrata, had fallen in battle and was lying on a bed of arrows awaiting anauspicious moment to depart from his body. 2. He was followed by all his brothersmounted on their chariots with gold decorations and drawn by excellent horses, as also byholy Rishis like Vyāsa and Dhaumya. 3. O holy one! Bhagavan Kṛṣṇa with Arjuna alsofollowed King Yudhiṣṭhira, who, amidst all these, looked like Kubera, the lord of wealth,surrounded by his celestial following. 4. Seeing Bhishma lying there like a Deva fallenfrom the heavens, all the Pāṇḍavas, together with their following as well as Sri Kṛṣṇa,saluted him by making prostrations. 5. O best of men! Now there assembled to meetBhishma, the great leader of the Kurus, numerous Rishis from among the Devas andBrāhmaṇas, as also royal sages. 6-8. O Knower of the <strong>Veda</strong>s! Among those so assembledwere Parvata, Nārada, Dhaumya, the divine Badarayana, Brihadaswa, Bharadvaja,Parasurama with his disciples, Vasiṣṭha, Indrapramada, Trita, Gritsamada, Asita, Kakṣivan,Gautama, Atri, Visvamitra, Sudarsana, Sri Suka, Kasyapa, Angiras, and other sages, allaccompanied by their disciples. 9. Seeing all those distinguished persons assembled,Bhishma, who was one of the Vasus, who knew what virue is, and who was acquaintedwith the way of behaving according to place and time, verbally extended a warm welcometo them all. 10. He did homage to Kṛṣṇa whose powers he well understood and whom heknew to be none other than the Lord of all who had assumed a human form by Hismysterious power. He who was the resident of his heart was now standing before him inhuman form. 11. He saw the sons of Pāṇḍu seated before him in all humility and love, andaddressed them with eyes blinded with tears of affection.
47 Bhishma on the Glory of Kṛṣṇa (12-30)12. What a tragedy, what travesty of justice, that you, who have always had holy men, lawsof righteousness, and the Supreme Being Himself as your pole-star in life, should have hadto spend your life-time in such utter misery! 13. After the super-archer, King Pāṇḍu, died,your young mother, Kunti Devi (or Pritha) with several little children on hand, had to passthrough troubles and tribulations without number. 14. Ideem that all your miseries were theproduct of the spirit of Time, to whose sway all the worlds with their guardian angels aresubordinate, as clouds are to wind. 15. How strange that dangers should stalk the fortunesof a family that has the son of Dharma as its head, that has got the protection of Bhima withhis mighty mace, and of the great archer Arjuna having the reputed Gandiva for his bow,and that has above all Sri Kṛṣṇa as their ally! 16. O King! None can know the will of thatSupreme Being. Even the far-sighted Rishis who have tried their best to fathom the divinemind, have always recoiled from it in utter failure. 17. Therefore. O great leader of theBharatas and master of this kingdom! Recognising that all that has happened has beenwrought by Providence, follow the dictates of that divine will and protect the people whohave now become like unclaimed orphans. 18. This Kṛṣṇa is verily the perfect beingNārāyaṇa, the origin of all. He is now enacting his divine play, appearing incognito as oneamong the Vrishnis, and hiding his real nature from the world at large. 19. O King! hisgreatness is partially perceived only by Bhagavan Siva, the divine sage Nārada, and Kapilawho is the divine incarnate. 20. None without his grace can understand the greatness of himwhom you have been looking upon as your uncle's son, a dear friend, a selfless ally, and themost important well-wisher of yours, and whose services you have utilised as an adviser, amessenger, and even a charioteer, taking advantage of his intimacy. 21. No kind of elationor liumiliation is felt by him on account of these or other actions, because he is the Self ofall, even-sighted, non-dual, devoid of egoism, and free from all taints. 22. But, O King, seehis mercy towards persons having unswerving love for Him! For when I am about toabandon my vital energies and pass away, here has Sri Kṛṣṇa come by my side, to bless mewith his vision. 23-24. By concentrating one's mind on whom with intense devotion and byreciting whose names and glories with one's lips, a dying aspirant is liberated from thebondage of desire and duty-may that Bhagavan, with His radiant face beautified by hisbenevolent smile and lotus-like eyes, who is generally realised only in the heart inmeditation, remain before my very physical eyes till life leaves my body.Suta said:– 25. Then Yudhiṣṭhira asked Bhishma, who was resting on a bed of arrows,many questions relating to virtue in the hearing of the assembled Rishis. 26-28. Then thattruth-knower Bhishma expounded in brief and in detail, with illustrations drawn fromancient traditions, a variety of themes-the duties of men in general, their duties according totheir Varna and Ashrama, the twofold code of conduct laid down in the <strong>Veda</strong> for attainingworldly prosperity and liberation, rules of charity, royal duties, duties of one seekingliberation, duties of women, duties of one pursuing the path of devotion, the life's values ofvirtue, wealth, pleasure and liberation with the means of their attainment, and so on. 29.While he was expounding these profound spiritual themes, he neared the time for him toend his life the Uttarayana (the northern solstice of the sun) which Yogis like Bhishma,who die only when they will, generally wait for their departure.Bhishma's Hymn to Kṛṣṇa (30-49)30. That great warrior, who could meet a thousand combatants single-handed, now stoppedhis speech. Being without any attachment, he could fix his mind with eyes open on theLord with four hands, who was standing before him in his luminous robe of yellow silk. 31.
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