PWRI-USGS : Topic2PWRI1)2):1)George Leavesley 2) ,1) 2) U.S. Geological Survey()

1) GIS2) and/or3)

Topic22.1 2.2

(1) (2) a) b) USGS-GIS Weaselc) d)

2.2(1)a) (1) (2) XYZb) (2) ()

2.1 (1)

SARSWE• •

()•••••• 2••

SAR•

0 (199798 )y = 1.10(x+5) 2r=0.93800700600500400300200mm 0 = 0 std1+std4;-{ 0 std1+std4; }Std1: standard 1 modeStd4: standard 4 mode(RADARSAT-SAR100-10-20-30-40100012 4σ 0

RADARSAT-SAR36.51.91.919.21.91.917.31.93.83.89.6RADARSAT32103210Rank 00mm)Rank 10~220mmRank 2220440mmRank 3440mm

(1997-98 )199712 19981 19982 19983 19984

• ()• (. SAR ?)• • (CREST?)

2.1(2)

( ) Structure damage Inundation( ) ( )

a) 1)2) 3) TLS(three-line-scanner )

(2001)vol.43, No.1, pp.14-19(IKONOS)( )( )

(2001)vol.43, No.8, pp.56-61.

TLS( )• 3 CCD 1 3• 33TLSTLS GPS/IMU GCP TLS Flight-dir. distortion

• • • ( )• (2002)TLSpp.185-188 2002

• ( 1.0 km) 2002/1/301/31

TLS (50cm ) . : 1015cm . : 1520cm

TLS TLS =3.5cm (H=300m)

• TLSTLSNo.1No.2TLS66.6458.4993.7973.66d60TLSTLS5.7011.0715.58NO.1-14.8226.65-2.139.993.8014.195.18NO.2(cm)•33m•(100 )

TLS•2cm•210cm•1020cm•2080cm•2cm ()•20m•1520m•5m15m•5m ( )•5m ( ) • (5m )

• •

) Landsat-TM

Carbonnel & Guiscafire (1962-63) 104 139 243 7294,000 45067,000km 20.1 billion m 3

KompongLuongPrekKdamPhnom Penh

(GCP) ( /)B1 B2B3B( )AA3A1A2(dry season)

(Landsat- TM/ETM+)2000.3.252000.7.232000.8.162000.11.4LANDSAT TM/ETM+ RGBBand Band Band

2000.3.252000.7.232000.8.162000.11.4

c) GIS

• • GIS

• GISGISGISGISGISGISA 0ABCA 0A 0AABCBC

PRMSLittleWashita, OK,USAPRMSNoilhan-Planton(N-P)PRMS original PRMSKhlongLuang,ThailandPRMSN-PModified N-P(Ver.1)N-P Modified N-P(Ver.2)

• =• =A 0ABCA 0A 0AABCBC

1 mN-P PWRID z (1) z , 2 2 , ,

(Ea)= Penman-Monteith

= Noilhan-Planton (1989) • • • • • • • •

Net Radiation: Rn ’ ’” ” ’” ”

q q t

():)(1_11 QseepESdtSpervcobiw−−=∂∂ρ)(1_22gpervcobiwQQriEESdtS−−−−=∂∂ρ112_1 )())(1( dWSCESCQseepwgeqpervcobiρτ−+−−=QseepQri=0.50.1

• • – ()

(254km 2 )254km 2

forestpaddy fieldOther fieldsResidence ( )

200m

LANDSAT TM)LANDSAT TM(1993.5.28)LANDSAT TM(1993.11.4)

NDVI

(LAI)

(2000)GISvol.42, No.11, pp.26-31.

(123km 2 )

• (1997)(1997)

• ()• GISWEHY (Watershed Ecology andHydrology) – DavisKavvas

WEHY • WEHY

INPUTSHHP11Parameter valuesrelated totopography,geometry and soilcharacteristicsRainfalleventInterception andevapotranspiration model +vertical unsaturated flow andinfiltration model (vertical 1-Ds)WEHYProgram forHillslopeHydrologicProcesses(Hybrid 1-Ds)Subsurfacestormflow(horizontal 1-D)Overlandflow(sheet andrill flow)(1-Ds)SNRG12Program forStreamNetwork andRegionalGroundwater(1-Ds and 2-D)Regionalgroundwater(2-D)Steam network flow (1-Ds)OUTPUTEvapotranspirationRunoff hydrograph

MCU) GIS

ProfilesectionConvexfeatureConcavefeatureSlopeangle(degree)0-88-2525-0-88-2525-Bevel 0-88-2525-FlatplaneRank(point)+2+2+1+3+3+2+2+10ConiferforestBroad-leafforestCryptomeriajaponica etc.GrasslandFieldPaddyfieldOther+1 +2 +2 +1 +1 +2 03 4 4 3 3 4 23 4 4 3 3 4 22 3 3 2 2 3 1443321554432- +2 3 4 4 3 3 4 2554432443321443321554432332210 (2000)55-100 20009

• 1,16,11 2,12,177,620(• 13 3,89,19,144,1520185,1020

WEHYEvent Starting DateEndingDate1 5/21/975/28/972 6/16/976/23/97** 8/23/989/4/983 9/12/989/21/984 10/14/9810/20/98PeakDischarge(m 3 /s)Peak TimeMax.Rain(mm/hr)TimeLag(hours)82.81 5/25 4:00 16 2322.61 6/20 17:00 39 21660.55 8/27 21:00 72 01089.27 9/16 7:00 73 1101.41 10/18 8:00 28 2• ** 8/23/98-9/4/98

1400120010008006004002000WEHYDischarge at Yuunohara9/12/98--9/21/9800.020.040.060.080.10.120.140.169/12/98 0:009/13/98 0:009/14/98 0:009/15/98 0:009/16/98 0:009/17/98 0:009/18/98 0:009/19/98 0:009/20/98 0:009/21/98 0:009/22/98 0:00Time0.180.20.220.240.260.280.3Discharge (m 3 /sec)Rainfall Intensity (m/hr)observedSimulatedrainfall intensity1008060Discharge at Yuunohara10/14/98 -- 10/21/980.020.044020010/14/98 0:0010/15/98 0:0010/16/98 0:0010/17/98 0:0010/18/98 0:0010/19/98 0:0010/20/98 0:0010/21/98 0:00Discharge (m 3 /sec)Rainfall Intensity (m/hr)1400120010008006004002000120 0observedSimulatedrainfall intensityTime0.060.080.1Contributions from Different Flow Processes to Discharge at Yuunohara9/12/98--9/21/98Contributions from Different Flow Processes to Discharge at Yuunohara10/14/98 -- 10/20/9800.050.10.150.20.250.39/12/98 0:009/13/98 0:009/14/98 0:009/15/98 0:009/16/98 0:009/17/98 0:009/18/98 0:009/19/98 0:009/20/98 0:009/21/98 0:009/22/98 0:00TimeTimeDischarge (m 3 /sec)Rainfall Intensity (m/hr)observedDirect Precip + Infilt ExcessReturn Overland FlowBase Flow Onlyrainfall intensity120100806000.020.040.06402000.080.110/14/98 0:0010/15/98 0:0010/16/98 0:0010/17/98 0:0010/18/98 0:0010/19/98 0:0010/20/98 0:0010/21/98 0:00Discharge (m 3 /sec)Rainfall Intensity (m/hr)observedDirect Precip + Infilt ExcessReturn Overland FlowBase Flow Onlyrainfall intensity

• GIS()• 2•

K.Fukami, T.Matsuura and J.Yoshitani (2003) Evaluation ofDAD curves of the Tokai Rainstorm in September of 2000,3rd DPRI – IIASA International Symposium on IntegratedDisaster Risk Management, Kyoto.2.2 2000

• ()

1. 2. DD (depth-duration)3. DA (depth-area)4. DAD5. DADDAD

1 27910155

100150100150 6100200250250200100200150300350150100100150150100 mm/6

2DD (Depth-Duration)• 1) 10 1552) 279• DD Sherman 1) (1988)Ra0.52) (1999)Ra0.467

2DD (10 ) [mm] DD:6 =378mm DD( )13 1,005mmDD( )5 501mm

2DD ( ) [mm] 6-12

3DA (Depth-Area)• 10• ()

24(43-, 98-, 196-, 391-, 785-, 1565-, 3141-, 6260-, 10614-, 14880 km 2 )

DAD(A,t)279t 0.5 exp(-0.0248t -0.414 A 0.5 ) DAD DAD6-12 DADA0.5

DAD DAD Horton

DAD Pa= a ⋅t0.5exp DAD: u=0.0248 v=0.414 n=0.5(nu t A )−v− ⋅ ⋅t6hrDADDAD : v uDADn HortonDAD

( 1)• DADDD6 12DADAD

( 2)• HortonDADDAD• DAD

• •DAD• DAD• DAD•PMP

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