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ecovery from fishing pressure between Nasue and Namena MPAs and differences in activefishing inside and adjacent to Nasue MPAs. Surveys could also be performed at higherreplication, sampling more environmental variables, to rule out other factors which mayhave contributed to the differences in fish assemblages inside and outside the Nasue MPA.Some recommendations to improve the effectiveness of Nasue MPA include:• Raise awareness of MPA rules and boundaries among residents of Kubulau District.Following the endorsement and adoption of the Kubulau EBM plan (WCS 2009), rulesand regulations were explained in each village and management posters, includingmaps of the current MPA and community tabu boundaries, were posted in everycommunity hall. Follow-up activities are needed to ensure that all residents areaware of the rules and understand the consequences of non-compliance;• Raise awareness of enforcement protocol and options for legal punishment ofoffenders. Protocols for enforcement of national laws and community managementrules are detailed explicitly in the Kubulau EBM plan (WCS 2009). Follow-throughdepends largely on the pro-activity of the Kubulau Resource ManagementCommittee (KRMC) and its subcommittee focused on resource management. Tostrengthen awareness of options for enforcement, the KRMC participated in a roleplayexercise where four scenarios were presented and members were asked toevaluate whether management rules had been broken and, if so, what were theavailable options for punishment. However, at the same managementimplementation workshop, the KRMC ranked as high priority the need to obtainmore skills for fisheries monitoring and infringement reporting, which will requireongoing training.• Raise awareness of MPA rules and boundaries among resource-rights owners living inadjacent districts. At an intensive management planning workshop in February 2009,Kubulau leaders and participants suggested that much of the external poaching isbeing done by people originally from Kubulau who still retain traditional fishingrights within the qoliqoli but have since moved to other districts and therefore havenot been educated about the recent management initiatives. KRMC resolved to: (1)visit neighboring districts to raise awareness of management rules for the qoliqoliand MPAs; and (2) produce and distribute fliers detailing MPA boundaries and rulesto be posted at provincial offices, police stations and the regional fisheriesdepartment office in Savusavu.• Increase frequency and efficiency of enforcement patrols. Because patrols requirefuel, which may be costly, the KRMC has committed to developing and submittinggrant proposals with conservation partners to acquire marine radios, which will helpto identify the location of offenders, and fuel to operate the patrol boat. The KRMCwill require assistance with grant proposal writing and development of a rotationalschedule for patrols.• Shift the boundary of the Nasue MPA away from the border with Wailevu. At theFebruary 2009 management planning meeting, a suggestion was proposed to shiftPage | 19