United Nations Treaties And Principles On Outer Space

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B. Principles Governing the Use by States ofArtificial Earth Satellites for InternationalDirect Television BroadcastingThe General Assembly,Recalling its resolution 2916 (XXVII) of 9 November 1972, in which it stressedthe necessity of elaborating principles governing the use by States of artificial Earthsatellites for international direct television broadcasting, and mindful of the importanceof concluding an international agreement or agreements,Recalling further its resolutions 3182 (XXVIII) of 18 December 1973, 3234(XXIX) of 12 November 1974, 3388 (XXX) of 18 November 1975, 31/8 of8 November 1976, 32/196 of 20 December 1977, 33/16 of 10 November 1978, 34/66 of 5 December 1979 and 35/14 of 3 November 1980, and its resolution 36/35 of18 November 1981 in which it decided to consider at its thirty-seventh session theadoption of a draft set of principles governing the use by States of artificial Earthsatellites for international direct television broadcasting,Noting with appreciation the efforts made in the Committee on the PeacefulUses of Outer Space and its Legal Subcommittee to comply with the directivesissued in the above-mentioned resolutions,Considering that several experiments of direct broadcasting by satellite havebeen carried out and that a number of direct broadcasting satellite systems are operationalin some countries and may be commercialized in the very near future,Taking into consideration that the operation of international direct broadcastingsatellites will have significant international political, economic, social and culturalimplications,Believing that the establishment of principles for international direct televisionbroadcasting will contribute to the strengthening of international cooperation in thisfield and further the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,Adopts the Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellitesfor International Direct Television Broadcasting set forth in the annex to the presentresolution.Annex. Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial EarthSatellites for International Direct Television BroadcastingA. Purposes and objectives1. Activities in the field of international direct television broadcasting by satellite should becarried out in a manner compatible with the sovereign rights of States, including the principle41
of non-intervention, as well as with the right of everyone to seek, receive and impart informationand ideas as enshrined in the relevant United Nations instruments.2. Such activities should promote the free dissemination and mutual exchange of informationand knowledge in cultural and scientific fields, assist in educational, social and economicdevelopment, particularly in the developing countries, enhance the qualities of life of all peoplesand provide recreation with due respect to the political and cultural integrity of States.3. These activities should accordingly be carried out in a manner compatible with the developmentof mutual understanding and the strengthening of friendly relations and cooperationamong all States and peoples in the interest of maintaining international peace and security.B. Applicability of international law4. Activities in the field of international direct television broadcasting by satellite should beconducted in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations,the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of OuterSpace, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 1 of 27 January 1967, the relevantprovisions of the International Telecommunication Convention and its Radio Regulations andof international instruments relating to friendly relations and cooperation among States and tohuman rights.C. Rights and benefits5. Every State has an equal right to conduct activities in the field of international directtelevision broadcasting by satellite and to authorize such activities by persons and entitiesunder its jurisdiction. All States and peoples are entitled to and should enjoy the benefits fromsuch activities. Access to the technology in this field should be available to all States withoutdiscrimination on terms mutually agreed by all concerned.D. International cooperation6. Activities in the field of international direct television broadcasting by satellite should bebased upon and encourage international cooperation. Such cooperation should be the subjectof appropriate arrangements. Special consideration should be given to the needs of the developingcountries in the use of international direct television broadcasting by satellite for thepurpose of accelerating their national development.E. Peaceful settlement of disputes7. Any international dispute that may arise from activities covered by these principles shouldbe settled through established procedures for the peaceful settlement of disputes agreed upon bythe parties to the dispute in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.F. State responsibility8. States should bear international responsibility for activities in the field of internationaldirect television broadcasting by satellite carried out by them or under their jurisdiction andfor the conformity of any such activities with the principles set forth in this document.42
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United Nations Treaties And Principles On Outer Space

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