United Nations Treaties And Principles On Outer Space

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Principle 7.Assistance to States1. Upon the notification of an expected re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphereof a space object containing a nuclear power source on board and itscomponents, all States possessing space monitoring and tracking facilities,in the spirit of international cooperation, shall communicate the relevantinformation that they may have available on the malfunctioning spaceobject with a nuclear power source on board to the Secretary-General ofthe United Nations and the State concerned as promptly as possible toallow States that might be affected to assess the situation and take anyprecautionary measures deemed necessary.2. After re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere of a space object containing anuclear power source on board and its components:(a) The launching State shall promptly offer and, if requested by theaffected State, provide promptly the necessary assistance to eliminateactual and possible harmful effects, including assistance to identify thelocation of the area of impact of the nuclear power source on the Earth’ssurface, to detect the re-entered material and to carry out retrieval orclean-up operations;(b) All States, other than the launching State, with relevant technicalcapabilities and international organizations with such technical capabilitiesshall, to the extent possible, provide necessary assistance upon requestby an affected State.In providing the assistance in accordance with subparagraphs (a) and (b) above,the special needs of developing countries shall be taken into account.Principle 8.ResponsibilityIn accordance with article VI of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activitiesof States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon andOther Celestial Bodies, States shall bear international responsibility for nationalactivities involving the use of nuclear power sources in outer space, whether suchactivities are carried on by governmental agencies or by non-governmental entities,and for assuring that such national activities are carried out in conformity with thatTreaty and the recommendations contained in these Principles. When activities inouter space involving the use of nuclear power sources are carried on by an internationalorganization, responsibility for compliance with the aforesaid Treaty andthe recommendations contained in these Principles shall be borne both by the internationalorganization and by the States participating in it.Principle 9.Liability and compensation1. In accordance with article VII of the Treaty on Principles Governingthe Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, includingthe Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, and the provisions of the53
Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by SpaceObjects, 3 each State which launches or procures the launching of a spaceobject and each State from whose territory or facility a space object islaunched shall be internationally liable for damage caused by such spaceobjects or their component parts. This fully applies to the case of such aspace object carrying a nuclear power source on board. Whenever two ormore States jointly launch such a space object, they shall be jointly andseverally liable for any damage caused, in accordance with article V of theabove-mentioned Convention.2. The compensation that such States shall be liable to pay under the aforesaidConvention for damage shall be determined in accordance with internationallaw and the principles of justice and equity, in order to providesuch reparation in respect of the damage as will restore the person, naturalor juridical, State or international organization on whose behalf a claim ispresented to the condition which would have existed if the damage hadnot occurred.3. For the purposes of this principle, compensation shall include reimbursementof the duly substantiated expenses for search, recovery and clean-upoperations, including expenses for assistance received from third parties.Principle 10.Settlement of disputesAny dispute resulting from the application of these Principles shall be resolvedthrough negotiations or other established procedures for the peaceful settlement ofdisputes, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.Principle 11.Review and revisionThese Principles shall be reopened for revision by the Committee on the PeacefulUses of Outer Space no later than two years after their adoption.54
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ST/SPACE/11UNITED NATIONSTREATIESAN
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ContentsForeword . . . . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8:
Agreement Governing the Activities
Page 10 and 11: A. Treaty on Principles Governing t
Page 12 and 13: distress, or emergency landing on t
Page 14 and 15: Article XIIAll stations, installati
Page 16 and 17: B. Agreement on the Rescue of Astro
Page 18 and 19: discovered in territory under its j
Page 20 and 21: C. Convention on International Liab
Page 22 and 23: 3. A State from whose territory or
Page 24 and 25: the damage as will restore the pers
Page 26 and 27: Article XXII1. In this Convention,
Page 28 and 29: Article XXVIIIThis Convention, of w
Page 30 and 31: Article IFor the purposes of this C
Page 32 and 33: governmental organization which con
Page 34 and 35: E. Agreement Governing the Activiti
Page 36 and 37: Article 51. States Parties shall in
Page 38 and 39: Secretary-General of the United Nat
Page 40 and 41: Article 13A State Party which learn
Page 42: Agreement has been in force for fiv
Page 46 and 47: A. Declaration of Legal Principles
Page 48 and 49: B. Principles Governing the Use by
Page 50 and 51: 9. When international direct televi
Page 52 and 53: (b) The term “primary data” mea
Page 54 and 55: Principle XIIITo promote and intens
Page 56 and 57: of the United Nations and the Treat
Page 58 and 59: (d) Nuclear reactors shall not be m
Page 62 and 63: E. Declaration on International Coo
Page 65 and 66: Office for Outer Space AffairsVienn
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United Nations Treaties And Principles On Outer Space

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