2. What are work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders?

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Manufacturing industryAssembling, packaging and stock management, etc.involve repetitive movements and gripping or holdingitems with force.Health care industryHealth care workers require forceful and repetitive upperlimb movement when treating or taking care of patients,which can easily cause musculoskeletal disorders of theupper limbs.The job characterized in the above mentioned industries require frequent upper limbmovements. Forceful, rapid and repetitive upper limb movements together with awkwardposture may lead to develop upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Readers should payattention to the work performed in your specific industry. If the work involves similar demandof upper limb movement, there may be a risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders.6. SymptomsThe on-set of musculoskeletal problem usually comes alongwith symptoms of pain and tingling. Because of localinflammation, swelling on the injured body parts as well asthe burning sensation are identified. Other symptoms alsoinclude tenderness, muscle weakness and numbness. Forthe symptom of pain subsided persistently, our movementis limited to the pain free range of motion. Limitedmovement further put us to habituate a decreased rangeof motion and it can be easily turned into joint stiffness.T
7. PreventionThe strategy to prevent upper limb musculoskeletal disorders is best achieved by managingthe aspects of workplace health and safety and the coordination of medical rehabilitationprogram to facilitate return-to-work after injury. Prevention of upper limb musculoskeletaldisorders at workplace can be effectively achieved by making effort in improving theengineering design of workstation, organization of work tasks and utilization of proper handtools and equipment which are fit to the body built of workers. The followings are thecommon principles for prevention and modification:Modification of workplace designUtilize chairs, desks, working platforms with adjustable height to accommodate workersin different sizes; the best-fit-design for individuals can prevent awkward postures such asoverstretching of forearm reach, wrist bending and twisting of trunk.Comfortable viewing distance at about 350-600mmFirst line on screen at just below eye levelScreen at about right angle to line of sightForearm at about right angle to armUse wrist support if requiredWrist keep straight or at most slightly inclinedBackrest adjustable in height and tiltAdjustable seat heightRounded or scrolled edge seat podFirm footrest if requiredFor high repetition tasks, arrangethose frequently used materialswithin the working zone whichcan be easily reached by workers;organized for convenience canavoid unnecessary twisting or overreaching.U
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents1. IntroductionO2.
Page 4 and 5: 2. What are work-related upper limb
Page 6 and 7: Factor three Awkward and static pos
Page 10 and 11: Use of hand toolsWeight and grip of
Page 12 and 13: Self-care tipsAvoid frequent activi
Page 14 and 15: SplintingFlexing or extending exces
Page 16 and 17: Is riskRisk factorspresentYes NoFur

2. What are work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders?

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