hardly read or write. During the "inspection" visits he helped broaden thecommunity's information on the housing situation <strong>and</strong> knowledge of thevillage history so that finally it was able, both ethically <strong>and</strong> legally, toundertake collective action against the sugar plantations. "Strength <strong>and</strong>reason are already on our side. All we need now is to act," was Ro Didacio'sconclusion. Everybody present (especially the women, though they hadremained quiet during the meeting) agreed with him that the right momenthad come for the invasion to take place because now enough information,facts, laws, figures <strong>and</strong> recordings had been gathered to carry it outefficiently. They had obtained a power which 'no one would be able to takeaway from them although its defence would cost some lives: the power ofvalid knowledge supported by reason, justice <strong>and</strong> moral principles. Thispower gradually developed into a regional civic <strong>and</strong> political movementaimed against the large sugar plantations which had appropriated the l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>which were exploiting its people. Everybody in the town had arrived at thisconclusion in his own way <strong>and</strong> with his individual human resources, withoutthe help of sophisticated research techniques."Hey, No Didacio," replied Don Silvestre in his house at El Cerrito(Cordoba, Colombia), "What we need here in El Cerrito is not so muchhouses as l<strong>and</strong> to grow food, because we have many mouths to feed. Take thecase of the Munoz woman, who has 30 children. We grow yucca, yams,water melons <strong>and</strong> other crops in the dry l<strong>and</strong>s left around the lagoon when theseasonal water level falls. The law confirms our communal rights over thosel<strong>and</strong>s, but the rich owners of the neighbouring estates, supported as they areby the corrupt authorities, have been putting up more <strong>and</strong> more barbed wirefences to take them away from us.""Have you not been able to make them respect those ancient rights?""I suppose we have not been consistent in our action although this yearwe have organised ourselves better. We compiled a history of the villagewhich gave us plenty of reasons to defend ourselves <strong>and</strong> to act. I myself toldabout the origin of E I Cerrito <strong>and</strong> how we used to use the lagoon, how wefounded a prosperous <strong>and</strong> happy hamlet with healthy <strong>and</strong> co-operativepeople. That is until the greedy capitalists arrived. Others explained what24
they had learned in the local peasants' organisations, such as techniques fordefending the l<strong>and</strong>. Our young people put on plays <strong>and</strong> sang songs about ourplight. And so, on the night of 4 March 1982, we got together <strong>and</strong> decided togo into the dry l<strong>and</strong>s with our machetes <strong>and</strong> to plant seeds. The policearrived, opened fire on us <strong>and</strong> took prisoners. But as you can ‘see, we are stillhere <strong>and</strong> we shall st<strong>and</strong> firm because, as in Puerto Tejada, reason <strong>and</strong> justiceare on our side too."From beneath the shade of his broad-brimmed hat, Don Vicente, the oldTata Yiva or "lord of the powers" of the Mixtecans in San Agustin Atenango(Oaxaca, Mexico), said thoughtfully: "I notice that you Colombiancountrymen lost the power of the old traditions of your people <strong>and</strong> have hadto rebuild them the hard way in order to defend your interests. Here in SanAgustin the women drove out the mayor because he would not allow thesteward to organise a fireworks display for the village fiesta as we always haddone. Now our chief concern is defend ourselves from abuse by the tomatobuyers. So we have set up a production co-operative <strong>and</strong> are studying simpleways of bookkeeping. In fact we are writing an accountancy manual inMixteco, which is based on our own experiences <strong>and</strong> realities.""Is that all?," asked No Didacio <strong>and</strong> Don Silvestre, raising their heads inhalf disbelief."Well, no. We are also discovering, poor <strong>and</strong> illiterate as we are, that wecan defend ourselves from many dangers if we use the traditions which havebeen h<strong>and</strong>ed down by word of mouth from family to family. We were notaware of this force of ours until we remembered, not long ago, the time whenthe people did not have to depend on anyone from outside. Now with thisknowledge, which was not forgotten <strong>and</strong> which we have learned to revive, weare rediscovering the arts of pottery, sewing <strong>and</strong> cooking of our ancestors, allof which is very useful in the present poor economic situation. We are alsosetting up a cultural training centre for our young people, because historynever ends <strong>and</strong> can always teach us something. So we are regaining thecontrol over our lives which we had partly lost. Even the half breeds ofOaxapan respect us now, because they see that we are progressing with ourheads held high, <strong>and</strong> that is something!"At the foot of a beautiful walnut tree, Dona Jovita, a peasant woman fromCuesta Blanca (one of the 54 communities in the25
- Page 1 and 2: Knowledge and People's PowerLessons
- Page 3 and 4: Field CollaboratorsOrlando Fals Bor
- Page 5 and 6: AcknowledgementsThe author acknowle
- Page 7 and 8: PrefaceThe present study of "Knowle
- Page 9 and 10: IntroductionThe five years followin
- Page 11 and 12: The approach has been necessary in
- Page 13 and 14: One question which united us all wa
- Page 15 and 16: led us to a fruitful consensus at t
- Page 17 and 18: new ones being formed, because this
- Page 19: Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Swe
- Page 23: The Poor Peasants Mobilise"Grandpa,
- Page 27 and 28: lands that we took from, the old es
- Page 29: LESSON ONE(Level 2)LEARNING TO INTE
- Page 32 and 33: y the base communities. In fact it
- Page 34 and 35: In this way the foundations were la
- Page 36 and 37: The numerous journeys of these grad
- Page 38 and 39: CDSUNAG- Sandinist Defence Committe
- Page 40 and 41: As a rule, these dogmatic and overb
- Page 42 and 43: supervising and promoting our work
- Page 44 and 45: would have failed because there are
- Page 46 and 47: degree of rejection and resistance
- Page 48 and 49: give their authorisation. They may
- Page 50 and 51: political and economic demands. The
- Page 52 and 53: and discussion groups. They went ah
- Page 54 and 55: about one another as we did in this
- Page 56 and 57: the first local contacts had been e
- Page 58 and 59: and demonstrated that it is possibl
- Page 61 and 62: 1. COLLECTIVE RESEARCHThe problems
- Page 63 and 64: in the form of witness accounts, do
- Page 65 and 66: understood in books are easily lear
- Page 67 and 68: was a recollection which had been r
- Page 69 and 70: the material souvenirs of her past
- Page 71 and 72: of San Agustin Atenango a little be
- Page 73 and 74: farm, and was always niggardly to t
- Page 75 and 76:
y their enthusiastic and loyal dedi
- Page 77 and 78:
practices which are free from the a
- Page 79 and 80:
Indian," "The air is free," "The Co
- Page 81 and 82:
elationship. In the Colombian coast
- Page 83 and 84:
4. PRODUCTION AND DIFFUSION OFNEW K
- Page 85 and 86:
esult from an erroneous application
- Page 87 and 88:
visits to the city archives; a simp
- Page 89 and 90:
would be unwise for animators not t
- Page 91:
CONCEPTUAL SUMMARYFOR ANIMATORS(Lev
- Page 94 and 95:
knowledge upon which to construct p
- Page 96 and 97:
experience of something we intuitiv
- Page 98 and 99:
permanent hierarchies. The proof of
- Page 100 and 101:
Nevertheless, the open-ended nature
- Page 102 and 103:
een overcome. It becomes necessary
- Page 104 and 105:
to the level of political conscienc
- Page 106 and 107:
2. FURTHER READINGAviles Solis, C.
- Page 108 and 109:
International Council for Adult Edu
- Page 110 and 111:
_: "Urban problems and social chang
- Page 112 and 113:
112
- Page 114 and 115:
the intense educational campaigns o
- Page 116 and 117:
the principal force of the Sandinis
- Page 118 and 119:
irrigation and dry farming, palm we
- Page 120 and 121:
pursued: the struggle for access to
- Page 122 and 123:
“collective self-teaching" is sti
- Page 124 and 125:
The people are in general of a tri-
- Page 126 and 127:
The mass media (radio and newspaper
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local women an important role in th
- Page 130 and 131:
Something similar as regards people