A Study of Landscape Sensitivities and Constraints to Wind

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Generic Landscape Impacts of Accompanying Infrastructure & Ancillary Development2.25. As noted wind energy developments may involve a range of ancillary structures. It is very difficult to generalise about the effects ofthese developments and it is advisable to consider them on a case-by-case basis. Some broad generic impacts are indicatedbelow, although it is recognised that these impacts could be mitigated in some circumstances and to some extent:• Access tracks can have a substantial visual impact and may disrupt the appearance of a landscape, particularly one in whichthe character is essentially perceived as a remote or wild such as expanses of moorland or where land cover is uniform andconsistent, such as chalk downland.• Wooden poles, overhead lines and infrastructure can also have a disjointing affect, introducing further vertical and linearfeatures into the landscape, although underground cabling can have equally or greater deleterious impact in some sensitivelandscapes, notably those that remain undisturbed with semi-natural vegetation cover.• Ancillary buildings (which are perceived as solid structures separate to the turbines) can seem out of place in exposed areasand those areas where the absence of built features is a characteristic. Security requirements for ancillary buildings, suchfencing, may also have a landscape impact.• In general, it can be concluded that the greater the number of additional structures the greater the perceived landscapeimpact creating a more cluttered and a disjointed appearance.Conclusions2.26. This chapter has set out the technicalities of wind turbines and their associated infrastructure. It is clear that wind turbines by theirnature and siting requirements are likely to have significant impacts on any landscape. In summary the key issues that need to beconsidered are:• Wind turbines are substantial vertical structures that may not fit easily into the landscapes typical of many parts of England;• Wind turbine developments involve movement – the rotating blades, sometimes at different speeds, catch the eye and canincrease visibility;• Wind turbine development may have knock on effects beyond the turbine itself, for example new access roads andconnections to the grid;• Potentially favoured locations for wind turbine developments often coincide with sensitive landscapes that are particularlyvalued for special perceptual qualities of remoteness and tranquillity. Views to wind turbines in such landscapes can introducea human/industrial moving element into essentially still remote landscapes.North Wessex Downs AONB: Landscape Sensitivities 12Wind Turbine Characteristics and Typical LandscapeImpactsConstraints to Wind Turbine Development
ReferencesBritish Wind Energy Association (BWEA) (July 2004) Briefing Sheets (www.bwea.co.uk 17/03/05)Countryside Commission (1991) Wind Energy Development and the Landscape (based on work by Land Use Consultants) CCP 357Government Office for the North East (Project Reference NEREG/2002/004: Landscape Appraisal for Onshore Wind Development.2003. Landscape Research group, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of NewcastleODPM (2004) Planning for Renewable Energy – A Companion Guide to PPS22Stanton, C. (March 1995) Landscape Strategy and Assessment Guidance for Wind Energy Development within Caithness andSunderland.Stanton, C. (1996) The Landscape & Visual Design of Windfarms; printed at Edinburgh College of Art.Scottish Natural Heritage (undated) Guidelines on the Environmental Impacts of wind farms and small-scale hydroelectric schemes.www.stath.ac.uk 17/03/05http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/ccw/introduction.html 7/03/05North Wessex Downs AONB: Landscape Sensitivities 13Wind Turbine Characteristics and Typical LandscapeImpactsConstraints to Wind Turbine Development
Page 1: North Wessex Downs AONBA Study of L
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND USER GUIDEPAR
Page 7 and 8: Constraints to Wind Turbine Develop
Page 9: APPENDIX 1: Membership of Steering
Page 12: Summary of Sensitivities and Constr
Page 15 and 16: North Wessex Downs AONB: Landscape
Page 17: PART 1:INTRODUCTION
Page 20 and 21: y the AONB designation. Renewable e
Page 22 and 23: • The section on wind turbine cha
Page 25: Vale of White Horse DistrictSouth O
Page 28 and 29: 2.7. Arrangement - Single Turbines
Page 31 and 32: 2.12. Wind turbines convert the win
Page 33: Generic Landscape Impacts of Wind T
Page 38 and 39: PPS 22 Companion Guide (2004)3.5. I
Page 40 and 41: need to develop sustainable communi
Page 42 and 43: submitted, approved and refused in
Page 44 and 45: Looking to the Future3.28. It is sp
Page 46 and 47: 3.34. Detail on each of these typol
Page 51 and 52: 4. METHOD STATEMENTIntroduction4.1.
Page 53 and 54: 4.9. Information on how stakeholder
Page 55 and 56: sensitive. There will be a range of
Page 57: 4.21. The judgements are made on th
Page 61: Figure 5.1 - Landscape Character Ar
Page 65: 1. Open Downland
Page 68 and 69: • Few hedgerows and virtual absen
Page 70 and 71: Landscape Values• Strong artistic
Page 72 and 73: Key CharacteristicsLandmarks/Import
Page 74 and 75: CONSTRAINTS TO WIND TURBINE DEVELOP
Page 77: 2. Downland with Woodland6Di5D6Dii5
Page 80 and 81: • Intricate network of rural lane
Page 82 and 83: Summary of Landscape Values: The No
Page 84 and 85:
Key Characteristics• Numerous Bro
Page 86 and 87:
CONSTRAINTS TO WIND TURBINE DEVELOP
Page 88 and 89:
Notes on Cumulative Development: It
Page 91 and 92:
LANDSCAPE TYPE 3: WOODED PLATEAULAN
Page 93 and 94:
LANDSCAPE VALUEIn the following tab
Page 95 and 96:
Key CharacteristicsTottenham Park a
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99:
4. High Chalk Plain6Di5D6Dii5C5D5F5
Page 102 and 103:
• Unlike other parts of Salisbury
Page 104 and 105:
LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITYIn the followi
Page 106 and 107:
Key Characteristics• Views from t
Page 108 and 109:
SUMMARY OF CONSTRAINTS IN RELATION
Page 111 and 112:
LANDSCAPE TYPE 5i: SCARPLANDSCAPE C
Page 113 and 114:
The following tables consider the k
Page 115 and 116:
Key Characteristics• Intricate la
Page 117 and 118:
Key CharacteristicsSensitivitiesSum
Page 119:
Page 122 and 123:
Settlement• Largely uninhabited w
Page 124 and 125:
Summary of Landscape Values: The No
Page 126 and 127:
Key Characteristics• Extensive de
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Note: the summary of constraints in
Page 133 and 134:
LANDSCAPE TYPE 6: VALESLANDSCAPE CH
Page 135 and 136:
The following tables consider the k
Page 137 and 138:
Key Characteristics• Steep chalk
Page 139 and 140:
Key CharacteristicsSensitivitiescha
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143:
7. River Valleys6Di5D6Dii5C5D5F5E6C
Page 146 and 147:
• Linear and nucleated villages c
Page 148 and 149:
Landscape Valuesstreams and rivers,
Page 150 and 151:
Key CharacteristicsSensitivities•
Page 152 and 153:
Page 155:
8. Lowland Mosaic6Di5D6Dii5C5D5F5E6
Page 158 and 159:
• Network of ancient semi-natural
Page 160 and 161:
Summary of Landscape Values: This i
Page 162 and 163:
Key Characteristics• The woodland
Page 164 and 165:
• in character area 8E the relati
Page 167 and 168:
6. NORTH WESSEX DOWNS AONB: SUMMARY
Page 169 and 170:
Summary of Constraints to the Diffe
Page 171:
6.6. In conclusion, this study has
Page 175:
APPENDIX 1: MEMBERSHIP OF STEERING
Page 178 and 179:
Bush, Cllr SarahBuxton, Dr RobinCar
Page 180 and 181:
Jackson, MattKaneen, CarolineKemp,
Page 182 and 183:
Still, ElizabethTartaglia-Kershaw,
Page 185 and 186:
APPENDIX 2: TYPES OF WIND TURBINETh
Page 187:
The following organisations were co
Page 191 and 192:
APPENDIX 3: REMOTENESS AND TRANQUIL
Page 193:
The results indicate that the most
show all

A Study of Landscape Sensitivities and Constraints to Wind

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?