THE HYBRID SOLUTION - Faster Freight - Cleaner Air

THE HYBRID SOLUTIONPower And Reliability In A Green PackageMarch 24, 2009

HYBRID TECHNOLOGYEfficient power delivery• Optimizes power sources• Utilization only when needed• Run at or near design point for efficiencyLower fuel consumptionEfficient Combustion

THE HARBOR TUG DILEMMALarge percent of time spent atvery low power levels…

THE HARBOR TUG DILEMMA…where fuel consumed per horsepowerproduced is very highSFC ( Gal/hp-hr)

conventional design point0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%percent of full load

Funding Source(s): AHRQPoster Number: 12State’s Budget Cut Matters for UncompensatedCare Spending?JongWha Chang, M.A., M.S.P.H.; SunJung Kim,B.S.; Isha Patel, M.S.; Rajesh Balkrishnan, Ph.D.Presented by: JongWha Chang, M.A., M.S.P.H.,Graduate Fellow, Social and AdministrativeScience, The University of Michigan at Ann Arbor,428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Phone:(734) 936-1505; Email: jochang@umich.eduResearch Objective: The study examined theimpact of state budget cuts on uncompensated careof general acute care hospital organizations. Thisstudy capitalized on the variations in the state ofTexas, and California to form a natural experimenttesting the joint impact of budget cut status onuncompensated care costs, as well as specificcharity care costs and bad debt expenses fromindigent patients.Study Design: The budget cuts in the state ofTexas occurred in the year 2004. Information wasobtained from the Texas Department of Health(TDH) and California Department of HealthServices (CDHS) regarding financial characteristicsof hospitals, and the American Hospital Directory(AHD) annual survey regarding hospitalorganizational characteristics. We created threedependent variables; RUCGPR (the ratio of thetotal uncompensated care costs to gross patientrevenue), RCHRGPR (the ratio of charity care tototal patient revenue), and RBDGPR (the ratio ofbad debt expenses to gross patient revenue). Usinga two-period panel data and individual hospital fixedeffects, we captured hospital uncompensated carespending that could also have influenced budget cutstatus. Additionally, the impact of the state budgetcut status on hospitals’ uncompensated carespending, charity care spending, and bad debtexpenses were also similarly estimated.Population Studied: The number of public, not forprofit and for profit hospitals who completed theannual survey in the sample periods, 2002-2005[416 (Texas) and 352 (California)].Principal Findings: For state of Texas, resultsfrom the fixed effects model confirmed that the year2005 was directly related to increasing RUCGPR,and RCHRGPR. The coefficients of year dummy of2005 were significantly and positively associatedwith RUCGPR (0.4282, p-value

ADDITIONAL BENEFITSFuel and lube savings of 20-30%Reduced life cycle costsCan act as a mobile power generating stationReduced noiseFlexible design to take advantage of technology developmentsGreen PassportEasily adaptable for retrofits as well as new builds

CONCLUSIONAdditional Capital• Public/Private PartnershipApplication DependantTechnology Advancement