Wartsila Brochure - Clean Shipping Technology

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FuelsThe Wärtsilä 46 engine is designed and developed forcontinuous operation on fuels with the followingproperties:Diesel oil & HFODiesel oils (distillate oils) have traditionally been the fuelsfor diesel engines. Heavy fuel oils (HFO) have been usedin Wärtsilä engines since the 1970’s. During the recentyears, oil refineries have developed processes to increasethe yield of high-revenue products resulting in poorerquality residues. This means higher sulphur content,higher ash content and worse combustion properties.High viscosity HFOsAmong the recently approved fuels, there are varieties ofhigh-viscosity mineral oils that can be found eithernaturally in e.g. oil-sand or as heavy residues from oilrefineries.Crude oilsCrude oils are especially suitable for pumping stationsalong crude oil pipelines and for electricity production atoil fields. Crude oils have been in frequent use as fuels forWärtsilä engines at power plants and oil pumping stationssince mid 1990-ties.Emulsified fuelsEmulsification offers means of utilising fuels with evenhigher viscosity. Among the emulsified fuels, theVenezuelan Orimulsion ® is already in commercial use andother qualities are being evaluated. The high watercontents in these fuels facilitate the handling of these fuelsalmost in the same way as conventional fuel oils and theyhave advantageous effects on the exhaust gas emissions.These fuels will be of importance in the future.Liquid bio fuelVegetable based bio oils have been accepted for Wärtsiläengines since 1996 and they have found commercial usefor diesel power plants. Olive oil, palm oil, soy bean oiland rape seed oil are some of the main qualities among thebio oils, all usable as diesel fuel. Biodiesel, transesterifiedbio oil, can also be used.Turbocharging systemWärtsilä 46 is provided with Spex (Single pipe exhaust)system and with high efficiency turbocharger. The Spex turbocharging system is an exhaust gas systemthat combines the advantages of both pulse andconstant pressure charging. Compared with a constant pressure system, the ejectoreffect of the gas pulses will provide better turbineefficiency at partial loads. The Spex system is practically free from interference.This means very small deviations in the scavengingbetween the cylinders and consequently an even exhaustgas temperature. The modular-built exhaust gas systems are durableenough to handle high pressure ratios and pulse levels,but at the same time elastic enough to cope withthermal expansion in the system. The turbocharger has the highest available efficiency. The turbocharger is equipped with plain bearings andthere is no cooling water. The turbocharger is fitted with cleaning devices for boththe compressor and the turbine side. Exhaust waste-gate and air by-pass are used to obtainspecific requirements on the operating range, loadresponse or partial load.10
Piston A composite low-friction piston with a nodular cast ironskirt and a steel top. The special cooling gallery design assures efficientcooling and high rigidity for the piston top. The designcan handle combustion pressures beyond 200 bar. Hardened top ring grooves assure a long lifetime.Low friction is ensured by the skirt lubrication systemfeaturing: A well distributed clean oil film that eliminates the riskof piston ring scuffing and reduces the wear rate. <strong>Clean</strong>er rings and grooves free from corrosiveombustion products. Hydraulically damped tilting movements provided byan oil pad between the liner and the piston, resulting inless noise and wear.11
Page 1: Technology review
Page 4 and 5: Design philosophyWärtsilä engine
Page 6 and 7: directly after the compressor of th
Page 8 and 9: M/S Mistral delivered to Godby Ship
Page 12 and 13: Piston ring set Low friction three-
Page 14 and 15: Cylinder headThe cylinder head desi
Page 17 and 18: Cooling systems The fresh water coo
Page 19 and 20: Main technical dataMarine and Power

Wartsila Brochure - Clean Shipping Technology

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