The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

122 DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. [part ii.deposits in Burmah, and by two others from the Pliocene of theNerbudda Valley ;while Hippotherium—a slender, antelope-likeanimal, found in the Siwalik Hills and in Europe—is supposedto form a transition from the Equidse to the Tapiridae. Theselatter are found in the Upper Indus deposits, where there is aspecies of Tapirus, and one of an extinct genus Antelotherium.Of Rhinoceros, five extinct species have been found— in theSiwalik Hills, in Perim Island, and one at an elevation of 16,000feet in the deserts of Thibet.Hippopotamus occurs in the Plioceneof theNerbudda, and is represented in the older Miocenedeposits by Hcxapirotodon, of which three species have beenfound in various parts of India. Another remarkable genus,Merycopotamus, connects Hippopotamus with Anthracotherium;one of the extinct European forms allied to the swine. Theselast arerepresented by several large species of Sus, and by theextinct European genus Chcerotherium.The extinct Anoplotheridae are represented by a species ofthe European genus Chalicotherium, larger than a horse.An extinct camel, larger than the living species, was foundin the Siwalik Hills.Three species of deer (Cervus) have been found in theSiwaliks, and one in the Nerbudda deposits.A large and a small species of giraffe (Camclopardalis) werefound in the Siwalik Hills and at Perim Island.The Bovidse are represented by numerous species of Bos, andby the extinct genera Hemibos and AmpMhos. There are alsothree species of antelopes, one of which is allied to the AfricanAlccphalus.We now come toan extraordinary group of extinct animals,probably forming a new family intermediate between theantelope and the giraffe. The Sivatherium was an enormousfour-horned ruminant, larger than a rhinoceros. It had a shorttrunk like a tapir, the lower horns on the forehead were simple,the upper pair palmated. The Bramatherium, an allied formfrom Perim Island, showed somewhat more affinity for thegiraffe.Proboscidca.—No less than seven species of elephants and four