The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

—chap, x.] THE PAL^ARCTIC REGION. 205the scinks is represented by Scincus found inArabia.North Africa andBesides these Seps, a genus of sand lizards (Sepidae) andAgarna, a genus of Agamidae, are abundant and characteristic.Of Amphibia we have Seiranota, a genus of salamandersfound only in Italy and Dalmatia ;Chioglossa, in Portugal, andGeotriton, in Italy, belonging to the same family, are equallypeculiar to the sub-region.Freshtvater Fish,—One of the most interesting is Tellia, agenus of Cyprinodontidae found only in alpine pools in theAtlas mountains. Paraphoxinius, found in South-East Europe,and Chondrostoma, in Europe and Western Asia, genera of Cyprimidae,seem almost peculiar to this sub-region.Insects— Lepidoptera.—Two genera of butterflies, Thais andDoritis, are wholly confined to this sub-region, the formerranging over all Southern Europe, thelatter confined to EasternEurope and Asia Minor. Anthocharis and Zegris are very characteristicof it, the latter only extending into South Eussia,while Danais, Charaxes, and Libythca are tropical genera unknownin other parts of Europe.Coleoptera.—This sub-region is very rich in many groups ofColeoptera, of which a few only can be noticed here. AmongCarabidse it possesses Procerus and Procrustes, almost exclusively,while Brachinus,Cymindis, Lcbia, Graphipterus, Scarites, Chlcenius,Calathus, and many others, are abundant and characteristic.Among Lamellicorns—Copridae, G-laphyridae, Melolonthidae, andCetoniidae abound.Buprestidae are plentiful, the genera Julodis,Acmccodera, Buprestis, and Sphenoptera being characteristic.Among Malacoderms—Cebrionidae, Lampyridae, and Malachiidaeabound.The Tenebrioid Heteromera are very varied and abundant,and give a character to the sub-region. The Mylabridse,Cantharidae, and OZdemeridae are also characteristic Of theimmense number of CurculionidseBrachycerus,Lixus, and Acalles may be mentioned asThylacites,among the most prominent.Of Longicorns there are few genera especially characteristic,but perhaps Prinobms, Purpuricenus, Hesperophanes,and Parmena are most so.Of the remaining families, we maymention Clythridae, Hispidae, and Cassididae as being abundant.