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issue of the 5th century which directly attests an imperialconsulship. The rarity of our coin is well in accord with otherissues from the period 423 to 425 since another centenionalistype from the same period was first published only in 1980 9 .Perhaps further types from this period might emerge in the future.* My best thanks go to Peter Scherrer for his permission topublish the coin and to Wolfgang Hahn for helpful discussion.Footnotes:1. A detailed treatment of all the coins found in Chamber J by the presentauthor, to be published in the respective volume of Forschungen inEphesus, edited by Peter Scherrer, is in print.2. J. P. C. Kent, The Roman Imperial Coinage. Vol. X. The Divided Empire andthe Fall of the Western Parts, AD 395–491 (London 1994), 92; 273,note 424.3. W. Hahn, Moneta Imperii Romani–Byzantini. Die Ostprägung des RömischenReiches im 5. Jahrhundert (408–491) (Wien 1989), 15.4. Hahn, op. cit., Prägetabelle I.5. Hahn, op. cit., 34 f., Prägetabelle I; Kent, op. cit., 91 f, 273f.6. Kent, op. cit., 271-277, 282 f.7. One emperor: Kent, op. cit., 254, no. 208 (dated 416), 260, no. 266(dated 435), 264, no. 330 (dated 444); two emperors: Kent, op. cit., 257,nos. 233-236 (dated. 424-425), 258, nos. 237-245 (dated 425-429).8. S. Bendall, Byzantine Weights. An introduction (London 1996), 18, no. 13.A further specimen turned up in Classical Numismatic Group, mail bidsale 73, 13. 9. 2006, no. 1024. The only difference between coin andexagium type is that on the latter, the star has been moved to the rightreverse field, possibly due to a die cutter’s mistake.9. W. Weiser, Eine neue Theodosianische Kleinbronze, Schweizer Münzblätter30/119 (1980), 69-71.Variations on a Theme – ESC510Malcolm LewendonThe William & Mary series of halfcrowns is short in datelengthwise, but of great interest to variety collectors – 2 busts,3 shields and various well documented crowns, Errors andoverstrikes also appear in the legends on both the obverse andreverse and a date error occurs on some 1693 specimens. ESCeven notes ‘contemporary forgeries’, which are of interest in theirown right.ESC510 (2nd shield, caul frosted + pearls) has proved to be aninteresting study as varieties with, and without, a stop after thedate have been noted.3. In (i), all the English lions have only one front leg, in (ii) theyhave two.4. The harp has 6 strings in (i) and 8 strings in (ii)5. There are minor differences to the Scottish lion.Since starting this study, a third variety has been identified thatcombines the stop after the date (i) with the crown and shield (ii)Numbering these varieties in relation to ESC is difficult as510A first appeared in the 2nd revised edition of 1957 and 510Bin the 4th revised edition of 1974, to denote other combinationsof frosting and pearls on 2nd shield coins. These should perhapsbe referred to as 510(i), (ii) and (iii). Rarities of each are hard toassess as there are very few examples in the market and it isdifficult to tell from a picture or scan whether a coin is 509 or510.All of my 1st shield examples have stops after the date, as do allmy other 2nd shield specimens, which have type (ii) crowns andshields except two examples of 509B, which have type (i). Tocomplicate it further, another 509B has a type (ii) crown andshield.It is possible that 510B, noted for inclusion in the 1974edition, could have been a 509 with very weak interior frosting. Ihave not seen a specimen of 510B for sale in the last eight years.A recent coin auctioned as 510B was, in fact, 509.ESC513 and 514 of 1690 have no stop, ESC515 has a stop. Myspecimens of 513 and 515 have the 2nd L of GVLIELMVS overanother L with a distinctly curved bottom. All three have a thirdvariety of shield with very large fleur-de-lis, 513 and 514 have 5harp strings whilst 515 has 6.(i) with stop(ii) without stopFurther investigation reveals many differences in the crown andshield as listed below:1. There is a distinct line at the top of the frosting on both sidesof the caul in (i). In (ii) this line is missing and the frostingextends further up the caul, nearly reaching the top of thecrown.2. In (i), the 3 fleur-de-lis in the top left and bottom right quartersof the shield are short and fat, whereas in (ii) they are tall andthin.It now remains to be seen if anybody has the 510 combination ofno stop (ii) with the crown and shield of (i) to make ESC510(iv).300 NUMISMATIC CIRCULAR