DRAFT CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY ...

DRAFT CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT 

UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY 

MacKimmie Tower and Block I Repurposing and Renewal 

March 31, 2010

Preface 

The development of the MacKimmie Library Concept Design 

process included a series of design workshops and team 

meetings to present progress to date and to discuss 

opportunities to explore common design connections. A pivotal 

moment during this phase of the work occurred on December 

16 th and 17 th at a team design charrette in Toronto. During this 

session it was determined that three very strong programmatic 

concepts emerged. The first being the “Town Square” concept 

which promotes the MLB / MLT Link as a transparent primary 

pedestrian and student gathering node within the University 

Campus. This town square is strategically located at or near the 

heart of campus and serves several key functions including a 

new front door to MLB / MLT, a main entrance to the new TFDL, 

and is a major intersection and link to the campus pedestrian 

network. The second is that the Tower is best suited for 

Workplace environments and should be developed as such, 

while the Block is best suited for Academic functions and should 

be developed as such. The third and central to the project vision 

is the strong visual link between Swan Mall the interdisciplinary 

and common social space programmed around the perimeter of 

the Block and ground floor of the Tower. As a comprehensive 

design team we recognize there is much work ahead in resolving 

the programmatic space requirements and the exterior synthesis 

of the MLT/MLB. We believe that the functional and 

programmatic links to the Campus Master Plan Vision are critical 

to the success of repurposing of the MacKimmie Library. Our 

design team looks forward to the opportunity to explore and 

refine solutions around the program and the exterior expression 

of the MacKimmie project. In our opinion we have made 

significant progress so we ask that you consider where we are 

as a snapshot in the early stages of the overall design process. 

Dan Zak 

Project Architect 

MacKimmie “Town Square” 

CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT 



PREFACE 

1

The preparation of this Concept Design Report for the University of Calgary 

MacKimmie Tower and Block repurposing involved the enthusiastic and 

knowledgeable participation of many individuals who require 

acknowledgment for their contributions. 

The consultation process was far reaching both within the University and 

the consulting design team. The following list represents the groups and 

individuals involved in the development of the content of this report. We 

apologize to any group or individual inadvertently excluded from this list. 


Bob Ellard – Vice President (Facilities Management and Development 

FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT 

John Greggs – Director, Campus Planning 


Rebecca Southworth – Intern Architect, Office of the University Architect 


Stephen Dantzer – Associate Vice President 


Jim Sawers – Director, Campus Engineering 


Lois Cutts – Senior Campus Planner 

CAMPUS PLANNING 

Jackie Bell – Program Director, TFDL 

LIBRARIES AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 




CONSULTING TEAM 

Prime Consultant – 

Condition Assessment Consultant - 

Functional Programming Consultant – 

Sustainability Consultant – Stantec Consulting 

Structural Consultant - Stantec Consulting 

Mechanical Consultant – Stantec Consulting 

Electrical Consultant – Stebnicki + Partners 

Building Code Consultant –Spitula & Associates 

Vertical Conveyances Consultant – Vinspec Ltd. 

Cost Consultant – Tech-Cost Consultants Ltd. 

Geotechnical Consultant - AMEC Earth & Environmental 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

1

1. Introduction 

1.1. Project Description 

1.2. Role of Architect 

1.3. Purpose of the Report 

1.4. Concept Design Process 

2. Site 

2.1. Campus Plan 

2.2. Site Photos 

2.3. Site Plan 

2.4. Climate 

3. Project Objectives 

3.1. Campus Master Plan Guiding Principles 

3.2. General Functional Program 

4. Condition Assessment 

4.1. Purpose of the Report 

4.2. Building Code Analysis 

4.3. Geotechnical Assessment 

4.4. Structural Assessment 

4.5. Mechanical Assessment 

4.6. Electrical Assessment 

4.7. Vertical Conveyances 

4.8. Architectural Assessment 

5. Test Fit Studies 

5.1. Workplace Test/Fit 

5.2. Academic Test/Fit 

6. Program 

6.1. Introduction 

6.2. Process 

6.3. Functional Program 

7. Planning and Design Concepts 

7.1. Design Objectives 

7.2. Site Concept Plan 

7.3. Town Square 

� Transparent Connector 

� Gathering Place 

� Indoor/outdoor space 

7.4. Academic Block 

� Student Space 

� Teaching Space 

� Transparency and Visual Connectivity 

7.5. Administration Tower 

� Work place 

� Level 6a Event space 

� Visual Landmark 

� Ground Floor Public Space 

7.6. Roof 

� Green Roof 

� Living Wall 

7.7. Building Envelope 

� Tower 

� Link 

� Block 

7.8. Sustainability 

� Design Objectives 

� Design Features 

� LEED Score Card 

7.9. Mechanical Systems 

� Displacement Air 

� Chilled beams 

� Raised Floor 




8. Concept Design 

8.1. Architectural 

� Concept Images 

� Site Plan 

� Section 

� Elevation 

� Floor Plans 

8.2. Sustainability 

� Overview 

� Energy Model 

8.3. Mechanical 

� Overview 

� Tower 

� Block 

� Link 

8.4. Electrical 

� Overview 

� Preliminary Electrical Service 

� Power Distribution 

� Emergency Power 

� Lighting 

� Grounding & Lightning Protection 

� Voice and Data Systems 

� Fire Alarm System 

� Security System 

8.5. Structural 

� Overview 

� Tower 

� Block 

� Link 

8.6 Elevators 

APPENDIX A: Condition Assessment Report 

APPENDIX B: Functional Program 

APPENDIX C: Cost Plan 

APPENDIX D: Energy Model 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

2

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

Stantec Architecture was retain by the University of Calgary in September 

2009 to provide condition evaluation, programming and concept design 

services which will develop the long term strategy for repurposing the 

MacKimmie buildings (MLT / MLB) and establish the basis of the fund 

development required to support the Project. This work is Phase 1 of a two 

phase process. The second phase will include design and construction of 

the project and will be contingent upon receiving funding approval. 

The MacKimmie Tower, Block and Link structures will become available 

for re-use as a result of the relocation of the majority of the main campus 

library functions to the new Taylor Family Digital Library (TFDL) in winter 

2011. 

The MLB / MLT buildings are located in the heart of the main campus and 

combined total some 20,000 gross square meters of available space. They 

are joined by the Link, a key circulation component between MLB, MTL and 

the TFDL. 

It is anticipated that renovation and repurposing of MLT and MLB will form 

the key element of the University's master plan to improve space allocation 

and utilization across campus. The initial planning phase will determine the 

most appropriate utilization of the repurposed buildings and establish the 

costs to complete a major refurbishment. 

The repurposing of the MacKimmie Tower and Block is integral to the future 

master planning of research space across campus. By collecting and 

centralizing administrative uses now occupying space in research-capable 

buildings, the University will be able to significantly increase research and 

research support spaces in key areas, at an advantageous cost. Logical 

linking of new MLT/MLB with back-fill opportunities is to be included. 

1.2 ROLE OF ARCHITECT 

Stantec Architecture facilitated and coordinated the design teams’ activities 

according to the following parameters: 

� Ensure the project mandate is carried out and maintained. 

� Collaborate with all stakeholders to achieve the project goals and 

objectives. 

� Provided input into overall project schedule, timelines and 

milestones. 

� Ensure an integrated design process is structured around the 

following principles: 

o Conduct weekly management team meetings to achieve a 

comprehensive and holistic resolution to any conflicts and 

coordinate the input of team members. 

o Conduct regular planning and design meetings and 

workshops with the University of Calgary. 

o Regular and timely design charrettes to explore options for 

the resolution of design issues. 

1.3 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT 

The purpose of this report is to provide a concise package of information 

illustrating; the analysis of existing conditions, the planning and design 

process used, the evaluation of options and finally the recommended 

concept design approach to the redevelopment of the MacKimmie Tower, 

Block and Link. The report functions as a tool to communicate the 

development of the concept design and the steps taken by the design team 

to secure funding for phase 2 of the work and to advance the project to 

phase 2 of the work which is the development of the design and 

construction of the project. 

The Concept Design Report illustrates the following: 

� Clear direction and defined scope of work pertaining to the repurposing 

of the existing MacKimmie Library for future phases. 

� Existing condition of building elements and systems 

� Opportunities for re-use of existing building elements and systems 

� Test / Fit scenarios based on the General Functional Program 

� Development of a detailed Functional Program 

� Site opportunities and constraints 

� Architectural design concepts 

� Approach to Sustainable Design 

� Structural, Mechanical and Electrical system concepts 




1.4 CONCEPT DESIGN PROCESS 

1. INTRODUCTION 

The process of developing the Concept Design was broken into four steps. 

The first step taken was the inspection of the existing building elements 

systems which culminated in a draft Condition Assessment Report 

submitted to the UC in November 2009. This report informed the design 

process relative to which elements and systems can be repurposed or 

rehabilitated and which can not. 

The second step taken by the consultant team was to develop options to 

test the best fit of the full range of potential uses for the available space. A 

variety of teaching spaces, student study spaces and administrative 

functions were developed within the tower and block buildings. This 

exercise informed the team of the best fit scenarios and the full range of 

potential opportunities for development in both buildings. 

The third step taken was the development of a detailed functional program. 

A series of program surveys and interviews were conducted to better 

understand the specific needs and requirements of each department. This 

information coupled with the General Functional Program, produced a 

detailed document describing which departments can be accommodated in 

the exiting MacKimmie buildings. This Detailed Functional Program 

informed the Concept Design Process. 

The fourth step was the development of a preferred Concept Design option. 

Several in-house Design Charrettes were organized for this phase of the 

work, with the intent to coordinate common design issues, develop a 

common design language, and resolve on-going issues. Several client 

workshops were also held to gain consensus on a wide range of issue 

including the preferred option for the concept design. 

3

2.1 Existing Campus Plan 

Occupying more than 200-hectares in the City’s northwest quadrant, the 

University of Calgary plays a significant role within the Province of Alberta 

and the City of Calgary. The University contributes to the economic vitality of 

the region, educates the future workforce, advances important academic and 

research initiatives, and provides public amenities to the surrounding region. 

The University of Calgary is located approximately 10-kilometers (6.7 miles) 

northwest of downtown Calgary. The campus is strategically situated at the 

center of a district defined by academic, research, and medical functions, 

and is adjacent to several residential neighborhoods and recreation areas. 

The Mackimmie Library (MLT/MLB) is located near the centre of campus 

facing Swan Mall to the West and backing on TFDL. 




2. SITE 

4

View of Mackimmie Library Tower, Link and Block from the East. 

The MacKimmie Tower is one of the most prominent structures located near 

the heart of the campus. It is highly visible from University Gate (main 

entrance to campus) and is easily identifiable when viewed from a distance 

within the City of Calgary. 




2. SITE 

5

2.2 Site Photos 

View of Mackimmie Tower from University Gate 

U of C Campus looking West 

Swan Mall Looking North 




2. SITE 

6

Swan Mall looking South West 

Pedestrian link between Swan Mall and TFDL Quad 

+15 Link between TFDL and Mackimmie Link 




2. SITE 

7

2.3 Site Plan 

The existing MacKiimmie Library faces onto Swan Mall and backs onto the new 

Taylor Family Digital Library (TFDL). A new +15 link has been recently 

constructed connecting TFDL to the MacKimmie Link at the 2 nd floor. 

The MacKimmie Tower, Block and Link are connected buildings which will 

become available for re-use as a result of the relocation of the majority of the 

main campus library functions to the new Taylor Family Digital Library (TFDL) in 

winter 2011. 

The MLB and MLT are cast-in-place structures which were built in 1963 and 

1972 respectively. No major upgrading has occurred to building envelopes, 

mechanical systems or electrical systems. The University has undertaken 

comprehensive assessments of the existing Tower and Block within the past two 

years. It has determined that a wide range of renewals and upgrades are 

needed. All electrical and HVAC systems are considered obsolete and the main 

building envelope is leaking and in need of a major upgrading and/or 

replacement. 

The MLB and MLT buildings are located in the heart of the main campus and 

combined total some 20,000+ gross square meters of available space. They are 

joined by the Link, a key circulation component between MLB, MTL and the 

TFDL. This link was constructed with the tower in 1972. 

It is anticipated that renovation and repurposing of MLT and MLB will form the 

key element of the University’s master plan to improve space allocation and 

utilization across campus. The initial planning phase will determine the most 

appropriate utilization of the repurposed buildings and establish the costs to 

complete a major refurbishment. 

The repurposing of the MacKimmie Tower and Block is integral to the 

future master planning of research space across campus. 




2. SITE 

8

2.4 Climate 

Average daily temperatures range from -12 degrees Celsius in the winter 

to 23 degrees Celsius in the summer, and discourage outdoor activity 

and circulation for much of the year. Design strategies should retain 

heat, protect from cold winds, and capture sun during the winter, and 

mitigate high temperatures during the summer. The latitude and low 

angle of the sun create strong shadows nine months out of the year. 

Areas with good solar exposure tend to be more accessible during the 

afternoon than in the morning, and include such areas as the Taylor 

Family quad and the gathering space south of the Engineering Complex. 

Arctic winds blow from the northwest to the southeast and create harsh 

conditions across the campus. Large buildings tend to block the wind 

and create sheltered areas, while expansive open spaces are sometimes 

left exposed. The outdoor areas between Science B and 

MacEwan Hall, and between Murray Fraser Hall and the Professional 

Faculties Building receive more intense winds, while the corridors 

between the Taylor Family quad and the MacKimmie Library Block 

experience less intense winds. 

These conditions suggest that the most comfortable outdoor spaces on 

campus are found on the southern facades of buildings that are 

protected from wind and receive ample sunlight. 

It was found that the MacKimmie façades located on the eastern 

orientation have the greatest potential for contributing to energy savings. 

Sun Study 




2. SITE 

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3.1 Campus Master Plan Guiding Principals 

The overriding guiding principal for the redevelopment of the MacKimmie 

Library is “create dynamic, integrated spaces that adhere to the 

principals of the Campus Master Plan as prepared by Sasaki”. The 

following elements of the Campus Master Plan Vision statement 

informed the design team in its development of key project design 

objectives. 

� VISION 

The University of Calgary master plan establishes a vision for the 

campus that builds upon previous planning efforts, is rooted in the 

academic and research missions of the institution, integrates innovative 

approaches to higher education delivery, and serves as a model of 

sustainability. The following fundamental themes and ideas characterize 

the campus vision: 

o Campus Heart 

The master plan creates a well-defined campus heart near the 

Taylor Family quad. Landscape and architectural interventions 

transform the quad into an active and iconic open space that 

reinforces the identity of the University. 

o Pedestrian-Oriented Campus 

The master plan preserves and enhances the pedestrian qualities 

of the campus. It concentrates mission-related purposes around the 

academic core of the campus, and situates other uses along its 

periphery. The master plan enhances pedestrian paths and bicycle 

routes, and improves transit and residential facilities. 

o Sustainability 

The master plan builds upon the work conducted by the University’s 

Office of Sustainability, and supports the environmental, economic, 

and social sustainability goals articulated in the draft Sustainability 

Master Plan. The master plan addresses sustainability through 

working landscapes with integrated storm water management 

benefits, transportation demand management strategies that 

promote alternate forms of transportation, and building designs that 

reduce energy usage, among other strategies. 

o Interdisciplinarity 

Interdisciplinarity is encouraged through building and land use, and 

strategic architecture and open space interventions. The master 

plan considers programmatic adjacencies, and provides flexible 

venues that encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary 

interaction. Interdisciplinary nodes are designed as centers for 

academic faculties that foster an open and collegial atmosphere for 

faculty and student engagement between departments. 

o Enhanced Entrances 

The master plan reinforces the unique identities of the four major 

campus entrances. University Way is redesigned to function as the 

ceremonial and iconic campus entrance for students, faculty, staff, 

and visitors. New development and open spaces encourage 

pedestrian and transit connections near the LRT University Station, 




3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 

while site improvements around the EEEL Building redefines the entrance from 32nd Avenue NW. Street trees and a redesigned plaza position Collegiate Boulevard as 

the primary entrance from the West Campus. 

o Indoor – Outdoor Engagement 

The master plan emphasizes physical and visual connections between indoor and outdoor environments. Facades are articulated with transparent materials, while 

circulation is brought to the edges of buildings. Terraces and student life programs are strategically situated along southern facades to capture sunlight, activate 

building edges, and negotiate the transition between the indoor and outdoor spaces. 

10

Open Space and Connections 

Redesigned Taylor Family quad functions as the campus heart. 

Primary pedestrian connections to Taylor Family quad and Swann Mall are 

reinforced by enhancing access from Campus main entrance. 

New open space connection from the University Gateway to the Taylor Family 

quadrangle (and Swan Mall) improves connectivity between the quad and other key 

campus spaces. 

Diagonal pathway carries users into the Taylor Family quad (and Swan Mall) and 

maintains a visual connection with the University Gateway. 

Swann Mall is maintained as a more passive and informal quadrangle. 

Pedestrian Circulation 

The goal of the master plan is to create a legible, pedestrian-oriented campus within 

an integrated and accessible environment. 

The plan prioritizes pedestrian movements and facilitates effective circulation 

through compact development, well-defined pathways, and logical connections 

between indoor and outdoor environments. 

Pedestrian pathways function as part of a larger circulation and open space strategy 

that provides pedestrian access to public spaces and key locations on campus and 

to surrounding areas. Pedestrian improvements are also designed to facilitate 

community access to the campus. 

Services 





The master plan also creates a new service access route to the Taylor Family 

Digital Library, MacKimmie Library Block and Tower, and the MacEwan Student 

Centre by removing the Plus- 15 between Craigie Hall and Murray Fraser Hall. 

The plan consolidates service in the MacEwan Student Centre to the east service 

bay and removes the west bay by the bookstore. This allows the removal of the 

service route through the Taylor Family quadrangle and improves the pedestrian 

quality of this critical space at the heart of the campus. 

11

3.2 GENERAL FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM 

The University of Calgary provided Stantec with two drafts of the General 

Functional Program. The first dated 24 August 2009 and a second dated 30 

September 2009. These documents served as the starting point for testing 

the best fit for the Tower and Block and provided the baseline for the 

program development. 

The draft General Functional Program identified several key project 

objectives: 

� Determine the most appropriate utilization of the repurposed 

buildings. 

� Centralize administrative uses now consuming space in research 

capable buildings. 

� Logical linking of new MLT/MLB with backfill opportunities. 

� Increase the amount and range of instructional space including 

Give priority to small classrooms and to eliminating temporary 

instructional spaces. 

The draft Campus Master plan also identifies a need for more student 

space. 

� “..student life is the most significant space deficit on campus” 

� “there is a need for additional student life amenities within the 

academic precincts.” 

� “Concentrate student-centered spaces within campus precincts to 

create vitality, and enhance the campus experience for students“. 

Migration Strategy 1 – Library Stacks within Tower move Of-site 

Migration Strategy 2 - Administration Programs move to MLT 




Strategic Transformations 

� Introduce interdisciplinary nodes within academic precincts 

� Share instructional space 

� Collocate instructional and student life space 

� Provide collaboration spaces for students and faculty 

� Create flexible spaces that enhance studying and learning 

� Design spaces to encourage spontaneous interaction 

� Provide visibility and accessibility to students and faculty 


12

4.1 Purpose of the Report 

The first step in developing the program and concept design for MLT/MLB 

was the completion of detailed systems and building investigation. This 

work was completed in October 2009. 

The purpose of this report was to document comprehensive condition 

assessments and building code analysis of the existing University of 

Calgary MacKimmie Library Complex comprising of the 14 level Tower, 5 

level Block and 3 level Link. This report provided a description of building 

elements and systems, their current condition and their suitability for 

repurposing as an efficient, code compliant and sustainable academic and 

administrative complex. 

4.2 Building Code Analysis 

The “baseline” for building code requirements is the current 2006 Alberta 

Building Code, using Division “B”, Acceptable Solutions. 

The extent of non-conformance with the 1960 National Building Code 

(NBC) as well as the 1965 and 1970 versions of the National Building Code 

is significant considering that fundamentally the codes have not materially 

changed in many aspects since the 1965 and 1970 editions of the NBC. 

Of particular interest was that the 1970 NBC had included the additional 

measures for high buildings similar to current requirements, an aspect that 

was not incorporated into the design of the library tower at the time of the 

addition of 6 floors, clearly a high building by code definition. 

4.3 Geotechnical Assessment 

Performance of the renovated library structure, including building 

foundations likely will be satisfactory for the duration of a 50 year design life 

based on the following: 

� The performance of the structures reportedly is satisfactory with no 

known problems except for weather-related deterioration of the 

exterior cladding; 

� The foundations for the MacKimmie Library Tower were initially 

designed for a total of 21 floors and only 12 floors have been 

constructed; 

� The new cladding and change in occupancy will result in 

significantly lighter loads; 

� Information in the available historical reports for the MacKimmie 

Library Tower does not suggest less than satisfactory continued 

performance. The attached geotechnical report provides a 

preliminary historical summary for the Tower only with general 

commentary on current and future uses of the tower. Historical 

document review for the Block and Link will be completed once 

these documents are made available. 

Further investigation must be completed including current code 

requirements, inspecting former settlement monitoring hubs and evaluating 

the response of the foundations to loading and partial reloading. 

4.4 Structural Assessment 

All structures were visually reviewed for indications of excessive settlement 

or deflection of structural elements. No indications of excessive settlement, 

deflection, or other movement of primary structural elements were noted in 

any of the three structures. It was observed that the horizontal joints 

between precast concrete cladding panels on the McKimmie Library Tower 

have reduced over time. However, this is likely due to thermal effects 

combined with long term creep and shrinkage of the structure as a whole, 

which is expected in reinforced concrete construction. 

The primary notes of concern from a structural perspective were indications 

of moisture ingress through the building envelope. While the building 

envelope is discussed in more detail under the Architectural section of the 

report, it is noted here, as preventing moisture ingress will assist in 

extending the life expectancy of structural elements. 

The structures reviewed in this report appear to be good candidates for repurposing, 

as the structural systems remain in generally good condition, 

and due to the relatively high original design loading. It should be noted that 

construction issues with the Franki compacto piles below the McKimmie 

Library Tower limited the pile capacity in the original design, and will likely 

not a allow for vertical expansion of the Tower structure in a re-purposing 

project. 

4.5 Mechanical Assessment 




4. CONITION ASSESSMENT (appendix A) 

Fire protection in the MacKimmie Library Complex is currently very limited, 

typically consisting of basement sprinklers and standpipes. 

All mechanical systems throughout the three buildings are in extremely poor 

condition, are inefficient and require replacement. Mechanical issues with 

heating and ventilation are endemic and have been band-aided over the 

last 20-30 years. The occupancy of the some areas has also changed 

drastically since the original design, which has required additional 

mechanical system modifications. All mechanical systems are beyond their 

life cycle replacement. 

The existing mechanical systems should all be upgraded and replaced to 

provide long term service for building repurposing. The existing mechanical 

systems cannot be relied upon to provide services over the next 40-50 

years without a major renovation. It is recommended that a full mechanical 

replacement be performed to provide reliability, energy efficient operation, 

and to meet current standards for the new proposed occupancies. 

4.6 Electrical Assessment 

The majority of the electrical systems is original and has passed their 

normal life expectancy. Most of the systems are beyond 40 years old and 

are showing signs of deterioration. Most of the electrical systems are 

obsolete and are very hard to service. The equipment is of old technology 

and spare parts are hard to obtain posing concerns for long period of power 

outage to the buildings. The size of the existing service rooms does not 

meet current code requirements. Clearance in front of the equipment in 

many cases poses safety concerns. 

The life safety systems are of concern as they do not meet current code 

requirements. The emergency generator does not meet current code 

requirements and poses great concern that there may be no power in an 

emergency. 

4.7 Vertical Conveyances 

At the time of the inspection the equipment was found to be fair to average 

condition. The callback rate on all gearless traction elevators is very high 

according to logbook records and from my general knowledge of site. 

In most cases the elevators are operating close to design specifications 

(with regard to operating times, door times, and leveling accuracy) in spite 

of the poor maintenance at the site. 

The equipment is completely original with the exception of the minor 

upgrade of an infrared multibeam door reversal devices installed on most of 

the traction elevators. With proper maintenance at the site, the existing 

elevator systems should be able to provide acceptable elevator service to 

the building tenants as it exists. 

With a full upgrade of the existing elevator system, we are confident that the 

library tower elevators can be utilized for office type usage. The average 

waiting times have been shown on previous projects to be reduced by 25- 

50% from the 1969 technology that is currently in place. 

13

4.8 Architectural Assessment 

External building components in the Tower including the exterior pre-cast 

concrete cladding, window wall, vapor barrier, and roof are not functioning 

as intended, with reported water and air leaks, and difficulties maintaining 

internal temperatures. Stained acoustical ceiling tile and discolored and 

peeling paint was observed in several areas within the Tower. Some 

internal areas are covered with a flexible vapor barrier to prevent damage to 

internal components in the event of further leaking. 

The interior architectural building components, with the exception of 

damage due to water infiltration, are generally outdated but have typically 

been well maintained. It is anticipated that all interior partitions and finishes 

will be replaced as part of the repurposing of MLT /MLB. 

The exterior pre-cast concrete panels have warped and settled, crushing 

the control joints and spalling precast corners in numerous locations. The 

area immediately adjacent to and around the Tower has been fenced off to 

prevent injury to passersby from pieces of falling concrete panels. 

It is recommended that all exterior cladding and windows on both MLT and 

MLB be removed and replace with a new energy efficient building envelope. 




4. CONDITION ASSESSMENT (Appendix A) 

14

5.1 Workplace Test/Fit – MLT (Tower) 

The tower floor plate layout and compact core is well suited for workplace 

functions. With relatively minor adjustments to the structural core of the 

tower, elevators, mechanical systems, plumbing systems, electrical 

systems, and exiting can be made to accommodate an office environment. 

In defining new workplace planning opportunities for staff accommodation in 

the MacKimmie Block and Tower the Project Team identified guiding 

principles to be used in testing the suitability of the floors for staff 

accommodation. The most important of these workplace principals included 

clarity of circulation, access to natural light, flexibility for future changes and 

the integration of new workplace standards being considered by the 

University. 

The characteristics of the tower proved to be particularly well suited to the 

development, with the shallow distance between the core and exterior wall 

and with no internal columns, layout options have been developed which 

balance the amount of internal enclosed area with the open office areas 

adjacent to the windows. The corners of the floor, considered to be prime 

‘real estate’ with excellent views are developed as common use meeting 

space. A ring corridor surrounding the core allows for multiple tenants on 

any floor. 

. 

5.1 Workplace Test/Fit – MLB (Block) 

The MLB, although considered as appropriate for the accommodation of 

academic space, is equally suitable for the development of office space 

based on these same principals. In developing test fit plans for the block 

we have been able to provided access to natural light for all general office 

with a deep floor plate through the orientation of space and placement of 

services areas in the central area of the floor plate reducing the distance 

between the core and exterior wall. 




5. TEST / FIT STUDIES 

15

5.2 Academic Space Test /Fit – MLB (Block) 

General Approach: 

The MLB at 4 stories in height with a steel structural system and 

a bay size of 19’-4” x 25’-8” and a floor plate size of 

approximately 22,000 SF is particularly well suited for academic 

uses which include smaller classrooms (up to approx. 40 seats), 

seminar style collaborative learning rooms (approx. 20-24 seats) 

and student lounge and study spaces. 

Ideally, on a typical floor, the student study spaces and 

collaborative learning spaces could be located along the outside 

wall to take advantages of natural light and views and the 

classrooms could be located to the interior. 

The MLB structure is comprised of steel columns and beams, 

providing some flexibility in modifying the building superstructure. 

For example, removal of interior columns and floor plate is 

possible creating large double height space to accomodate 200- 

300 seat theatres. 

Seminar/Active Learning Rooms 

The size and shape of one existing structural bay (i.e. no 

columns in the space) is the perfect size for a 20-24 seat 

seminar room, orientated in either direction. These rooms could 

be bookable 24/7 by students for collaborative group work. They 

could be “technologically enhanced” with a wall mounted flat 

panel monitor and collaborative software to promote small group 

work. 

Approximate size of each structural bay: 485 SF 

30/40 Seat Classroom 

The size and shape of two side by side existing structural bays 

(i.e. no columns in the space) is the perfect size for a 30 or 40 

seat (standard) classroom. A 40 seat classroom in most 

instances is probably too small for a technology enhanced 

collaborative learning space. This classroom could be enhanced 

with more of the standard type of technology, a ceiling mounted 

projector and audio/video capture for distance learning, 

conferencing etc. This space can work well within the limited 

floor to floor height of 12’-6”. 

Approximate size: 970 SF (485 x 2) 

80 Seat Classroom (and larger) 

Any spaces larger than 40 seats would be a challenge due 

primarily to the relatively low 12’-6” floor to floor height and the 

structural bay size (columns). The structural bay size of 4 bays 

works well (refer to illustration) spatially, but would have a 

column in the middle of the space. If these spaces were stacked, 

then a new structural system could be introduced for a column free space. 

These spaces should be created slightly larger to promote active learning styles such as “large 

group/small group” in a collaborative technologically advanced environment. These spaces would 

be flat floor with flexible furniture for different layouts dependant on teaching/learning styles. 

Approximate size: 1940 SF (485 x 4) 

Larger, 150 seat more traditional lecture spaces could be accommodated by restructuring and 

stacking the spaces with increased floor to floor heights and raked floors. 





16

5.2 Academic Space Test /Fit – MLT (Tower) 

General Approach: 

The tower offers a column free space from the core to the 

exterior wall which promotes spatial flexibility, at least from a 

planning approach. The “post tensioned” concrete structural 

system would be difficult to modify in a substantial way, so 

effectively limits any major structural modifications to include 

large teaching spaces. 

The small floor plate of the tower does have a major advantage 

for both administrative and academic uses and that is access to 

natural light and extraordinary views, effectively creating and 

maintaining a very effective connection with the rest of campus. 

Smaller academic spaces would fit very nicely around the 

exterior leaving the core, elevators, stairs, washrooms and 

service rooms and corridor to the interior. 

A major limiting factor on these floors related to assembly 

occupancies would be occupancy load relative to washroom 

requirements and the existing exiting capacities. It should be 

noted that the schematic shown would exceeds these capacities. 

Another major limiting factor on these floors is the limited space 

available in the building core for supply and return air. Larger 

occupancies such as classrooms would require mechanical air 

systems that would exceed the existing shaft capacities. 

Seminar/Active Learning Rooms 

The dimension from the core to the exterior wall nicely 

accommodates a 20-24 seat seminar room. These rooms could 

be bookable 24/7 by students for collaborative group work. They 

could be “technologically enhanced” with a wall mounted flat 

panel monitor and collaborative software to promote small group 

work. 

Approximate size: 540 SF 

30/40 Seat Classroom 

The dimension from the core to the exterior accommodates 

30/40 seat classrooms. Due to the column-free space these 

classrooms and the seminar rooms can be sized and located in 

many different combinations. 

A 30/40 seat classroom in most instances is probably too small 

for a technology enhanced collaborative learning space. This 

classroom could be enhanced with more of the standard type of 

technology, a ceiling mounted projector and audio/video capture 

for distance learning, conferencing etc. This space can work well 

within the limited floor to floor height. 

Approximate size: 960 SF (for approx. 40 seats) 





17

6.1 Introduction 

Programming is the gathering of information related to an 

organization – space requirements, relationships and adjacencies 

between departments, building use and the desired resources that 

will enable the University of Calgary to develop a highly efficient 

workplace which integrates new workplace standards in a 

refurbished MacKimmie Library Building. The definition of “space 

that works” could include such aspects as: 

� Flexibility & Adaptability 

� Function vs. Hierarchy 

� Emphasis on Team vs Individual Space 

� Increased Mobility of Space & People 

� Collaborative Tools & Technology 

� Transparency “Right to Light” 

� Cost effective operations 

� End User Control 

� Sustainability, Health & Safety 

Stantec Architecture approached the programming phase of the 

project with great excitement. The Stantec Team focused their 

resources on the collection of data required for the design and 

implementation of intelligent and strategically conceived workplace 

solutions. Working as an integrated team, Stantec and the 

University of Calgary Project Team, sought the input of a number 

of Key Stakeholders including groups both located within and 

outside the existing MacKimmie Tower and Block. Through the use 

of a programming questionnaire and subsequent planning 

meetings with individuals and groups, by identifying executive 

support and recording long term strategies for space use on the 

campus, a definition and vision for the project is being developed. 

Much of the programming effort focuses on quantitative 

calculations using new space standards to meet goals for space 

utilization and higher education standards. 

Described as the “Functional Program, the documentation 

summarizes all shared and support facilities that would be required 

if the University of Calgary were to locate particular groups into the 

refurbished building. Considered a “living document”, the facility 

program is expected to grow and change as the needs of the 

University change providing the flexibility to allow for continued 

evaluation the work environment requirements to ensure that 

facilities development strategy is in line with your long term space 

utilization strategy. 




6. PROGRAM (Appendix B) 

18

6.2 Process 

Phase 1 - Define Program Data 

1. Define Problem, Scope and Goals 

2. Initialize Program 

3. Develop Data Base and Collect Data 

The University of Calgary has identified the working groups it believes may be 

impacted by any work to be undertaken in the refurbishment of the MacKimmie 

Library and it is based on this initial work the programming for this project has been 

undertaken. Utilizing a well developed methodology for data collection and the use 

of computer- based programming tool the Project Team distributed the program 

survey and scheduled follow-up interviews. The possible end users of the new 

space have been interviewed to identify the probable needs of the project. The 

results have been documented and verified through a thorough review process. 

Phase 2 - Generate Space Data 

1. Confirm Space Standards 

2. Generate Detail Listing of Working Groups 

3. Tabulate Space Summary 

The University of Calgary has recently developed a new space standards strategy 

which identifies personnel and group space standards which is the foundation of all 

square footage assignments. Using these space standards, the program formulates 

the space summary of each working groups and through a series of reviews of the 

data, follow by addtional interviews and revisions, a final program has been 

developed. Space usage projection is an essential element in studying the future 

need of the particular working groups has also been identified. 

Phase 3 - Generate Analysis and Findings 

1. Building Feasibility Analysis 

2. Comparative Data Analysis 

3. Adjacency and Space Distribution Analysis 

4. Blockings and Stacking 

The final phase of program development is the analysis and the synthesis of the 

gathered information in order to gain a clear understanding of the client's growth 

pattern and flexibility requirements, the programmer studies, compares and breaks 

down the data. The study included proximity between major working groups and 

growth projections between major groups and that of the total company. The 

purpose of the studies is to identify the growth patterns, review the degree of 

flexibility required for the project and to identify any discrepancies on the data 

received. The studies are useful in making informed decision regarding planning 

direction and on how best to allocate the spaces efficiently within the new spaces. 

The resulting program document includes a summary that illustrates the horizontal 

and vertical distributions of space using distribution tables and the blocking and 

layering diagrams 




6. PROGRAM (Appendix B) 

19

7.1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 

Design objectives are developed around the Vision, Principles and Strategies 

identified in the Campus Master Plan. The design objectives for the MacKimmie 

project are: 

� Campus Heart – 

o Provide clear pedestrian linkages within the campus heart 

precinct including TFDL and Swan Mall. 

o Enhance the “campus heart” near the Taylor Family quad by 

exploiting space opportunities which enhance student life. Create 

a “town square” for student gathering and activity. 

o Exploit Tower as a campus landmark at the heart of campus. 

� Pedestrian Oriented Campus – 

o Reinforce the Link as a key pedestrian junction point or node 

within the academic and administrative core of the Campus. 

o Link facilities with existing pedestrian circulation infrastructure. 

o Link Administration and Academic functions. 

� Sustainability – 

o Reuse existing structure. 

o Aim for LEED Gold 

� Interdisciplinarity – 

o Provide opportunities for social gathering and events. 

o Provide casual study space, collaborative work stations and 

dining area. 

� Enhanced Entrances – 

o Reinforce and enhance connection of the Mackimmie Library 

Link to major campus entrances. 

o Provide a new entrance to TFDL and access to TFDL Quad 

(campus heart) 

� Indoor–Outdoor Engagement – 

o Provide clear, ground level transparency in buildings. 

o Provide clear, transparent articulation of administrative and 

academic components. 

o Locate student space at perimeter of floor space to capture 

sunlight, activate building edges, and negotiate the transition 

between the indoor and outdoor spaces. 

. 




7. PLANNING AND DESIGN CONCEPTS 

20

7.2 Site Concept Plan 

The proposed site plan responds to several key Campus Master Plan 

Objectives. 

The first objective is to reinforce and enhance TFDL Quad as the campus 

heart. The proposed plan does this with the addition of a major pedestrian 

node between MLT and MLB. This “town square” is a key pedestrian node 

providing a new major pedestrian access to both TFDL and TFDL Quad. 

The second objective is to provide flexible venues that encourage 

collaboration and interdisciplinary interaction and to design Interdisciplinary 

nodes as centers for academic faculties that foster an open and collegial 

atmosphere for faculty and student engagement between departments. 

The proposed plan provides major venues and opportunities in the “town 

square”, in the Block and ground floor of the Tower for student events, 

formal/informal study and socialization. 





21

7.3 Town Square 

Transparent Connector – precedent images 

The “town square’ will be a unique space on campus connecting six major 

venues on campus: MLT, MLB, MFH, TFDL, TFDL Quad and Swan Mall. 





22

7.3 Town Square – precedent images 

� Gathering Place 

The “town square’ will be facilitate as a major meeting and event space for 

all faculties and students. 

Renzo Piano Morgan Library NY 





23

7.3 Town Square 

� Indoor / Outdoor Space 

The master plan emphasizes physical and visual connections between 

indoor and outdoor environments. Facades are articulated with transparent 

materials, while circulation is brought to the edges of buildings. Terraces 

and student life programs are strategically situated along southern facades 

to capture sunlight, activate building edges, and negotiate the transition 

between the indoor and outdoor spaces. The “town square” has to potential 

to provide this visual connection by utilizing transparent facades and by 

bringing the outdoors inside. 





24

7.4 Academic Block 

� Student Space 

Student space will include a variety of venues and opportunities for for a 

wide range of study environments including open space, bookable space, 

quite space, private space, social space and generous circulation / crush 

space. 





25


� Teaching Space 

Teaching space will include a variety of classrooms and theatres designed 

to accommodate daylight, research, formal teaching, self learning, 

flexibility, adaptability and technology. 

University of Queensland 





26


� Transparency and Visual Connectivity 

The master plan emphasizes physical and visual connections between indoor and 

outdoor environments. Facades are articulated with transparent materials, while 

circulation is brought to the edges of buildings. Terraces and student life programs 

are strategically situated along southern facades to capture sunlight, activate 

building edges, and negotiate the transition between the indoor and outdoor 

spaces. 





27

7.5 Administration Tower 

� Work place 





28


� Level 6a Event space 

A prominent feature of the tower is located at level 6A. This 6m high 

level could be developed as the observation level with the exterior set back 

from the floor perimeter and floor to ceiling clear glazing providing 

impressive views and an opportunity to step outdoors. 





29


� Visual Landmark 

The MacKimmie Tower is located in the historic centre of the Campus. It is 

highly visible from distant neighborhoods surrounding the Campus and is 

the most dominant structure as one enters the Campus at University Gate. 

The location and visual prominence of the tower could be exploited as a 

key landmark structure or beacon signaling the “Heart of the Campus”. The 

tower has two significant features which could be developed to highlight 

the tower. 

The first is Level 6A which is a storey and a half high which could be 

developed as special event space and treated differently from the rest of 

the tower. An example of how this could be achieved is the Administrative 

Tower at the De Young Museum in San Francisco. 

The second key feature is the penthouse, which could be developed as an 

illuminated cap which covers the entire footprint of the tower. This would 

provide a highly visible landmark particularly at night. 





30

7.6 Roof 

� Green Roof 

The block roof is highly visible from the MacKimmie Tower, TFDL, Social 

Science Tower and the Education Tower. This large prominent roof area 

could be exploited for its visibility, for its accessibility, its potential as a roof 

top garden using drought resistant native grasses and flowers, as an 

active/passive recreation and study space, as a pollutant filter, for 

scrubbing the surrounding air, for controlling storm water runoff and for 

sound absorption. 

The image to the right shows potential for developing not only a “healthy 

roof” but also how it can reflect the surrounding landscape. In the case of 

the MLB roof, the connection to and relationship with Swan Mall is obvious. 

The image below shows how the building elevation facing Swan Mall could 

be treated as a living wall. 





31

7.7 Building Envelope 

� Tower 

The tower will feature carefully selected glazing extending from 

approximately three feet above the floor to the underside of the ceiling in 

order to maximize daylight penetration, but reduce solar heat gains and 

heat losses. All glazing will be high performance double glazing, with a 

balance between a low shading coefficient to minimize cooling loads, and a 

high visible light transmittance to facilitate daylighting. With the exception 

of the ground floor which will have 100% glazing, all orientations will have 

35% window to wall ration (WWR) from a 3' sill height to underside of 

ceiling. 

A double façade has been explored for the tower; extending from the 7 th to 

the top floor on the southern orientation(s), this feature reduces solar heat 

gains in the summer while retaining envelope heat losses and acting as a 

“greenhouse” to passively heat the building and preheat incoming building 

air in the winter. Trombe Wall (double facade) on "South" and "East" 

facade starts on level 7 and extends to top floor. The trombe wall is 100% 

glass, single glazed with interior double glass consistent with lower and 

North facing facades. 

� Link 

The “Link” will be 100% glazed with a polycarbonate roof to permit 

daylighting and to create a visible and signature access point for the 

MacKimmie building and the adjacent TFDL. The polycarbonate roof will 

provide superior insulating qualities compared to a conventional glass roof, 

while still allowing the introduction of diffuse light into the commons space 

below. This system has a further benefit in that it reduces glare and radiant 

heating effects. 

� Block 

The block will feature a combination of floor to ceiling punched windows 

overlooking Swan Mall and smaller windows on the “West” and “South” 

facades. 

North façade will feature 80% WWR except for north class "block" which is 

0% glazing. Glass is floor to ceiling. 

West façade will feature 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling 

"South" 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling 

The Ground floor north will feature 100% WWR (except at north class 

"block"), floor to ceiling. 





32

7.8 Sustainability 

Sustainable Design Objectives 

The integrated design team’s primary sustainable design objective for the 

MacKimmie Library Repurposing Project was to create a project that focuses on a 

superior indoor environment, while reducing resource consumption during 

construction and operation. Specific design objectives that will be achieved with the 

current concept design include: 

� Application of an integrated design process, including involvement of 

all primary design disciplines and University stakeholders. 

� Eligibility for LEED-Canada NC Gold Certification 

� A reduction in energy performance of 45% compared to ASHRAE 90.1 

2007 

� Facility compatibility and alignment with Campus sustainability 

initiatives including integration with the new district energy and 

cogeneration plant and campus stormwater management plan. 

Sustainable Design Features 

The project has aligned its sustainable design features with the LEED-Canada NC 

version 1.0 rating system, as a stated design objective is to attain LEED Silver or 

higher certification. As such, sustainable design strategies shall be listed according 

to the performance categories within LEED, namely site, water, energy, materials, 

indoor environment, and innovation. 

Site: 

As an existing building, the MacKimmie building is located in the heart of the 

University of Calgary campus. As such, the project is conducive to a number of 

sustainable strategies such as being located in a non-ecologically sensitive area, 

being in close proximity to multiple modes of alternative transportation including a 

comprehensive pedestrian network and mass transit such as the city LRT and major 

bus routes. By redeveloping an existing building, site disturbances are minimized 

and existing campus infrastructure such as the University storm water management 

system can be incorporated to treat and reduce stormwater run off. To further aid in 

the reduction of heat island effect, promote natural habitat in the campus, and to 

reduce stormwater run-off, a green roof is being proposed for over 50% of the 

building, with a white-roof proposed for the remainder. The green roof will be located 

on the “Block” portion of the building, where it will be visible not only from the 

MacKimmie “Tower” but also the adjacent Taylor Family Digital Library and other 

adjacent buildings. 

Water: 

The project plans to take advantage of left over process water from the district 

cooling system to offset potable water use for toilet flushing and green roof irrigation 

and/or establishment. Low flow water fixtures for lavatories, toilets, urinals, and 

showers will further help conserve water and reduce sanitary sewer loads, and the 

green roof will utilize native and adaptive plant species to further reduce reliance on 

landscape irrigation systems. 

Energy: 

The facility will feature a number of energy efficient features. A double façade has 

been explored for the tower; extending from the 7 th to the top floor on the southern 

orientation(s), this feature reduces solar heat gains in the summer while retaining 

envelope heat losses and acting as a “greenhouse” to passively heat the building 

and preheat incoming building air in the winter. 

The building envelope will feature high performance, well insulated walls, roofs, and 

exposed floors. Thermal bridging will be minimized. Target envelope performance 

values are as follows: 

� Walls: Effective R17 

� Roof: Effective R30 

� Glazing: Overall U-value 0.35; Shading Coefficient: 0.50 for Block and 

Tower, Link SC = 0.70 

The façade has been developed to balance access to daylight and views with 

reduced HVAC loads and energy consumption. The ground floor, facing north, will 

be nearly 100% glazed with floor to ceiling vision glass to permit views onto the 

adjacent Swan Mall while accomplishing a level of transparency between the 

building, its occupants, and the outdoors. The “Link” will be 100% glazed with a 

polycarbonate roof to permit daylighting and to create a visible and signature access 

point for the MacKimmie building and the adjacent TFDL. The polycarbonate roof 

will provide superior insulating qualities compared to a conventional glass roof, while 

still allowing the introduction of diffuse light into the commons space below. This 

system has a further benefit in that it reduces glare and radiant heating effects. The 

block will feature a combination of floor to ceiling punched windows overlooking 

Swan Mall and smaller windows on the “West” and “South” facades. The tower will 

feature carefully selected glazing extending from approximately three feet above the 

floor to the underside of the ceiling in order to maximize daylight penetration, but 

reduce solar heat gains and heat losses. All glazing will be high performance double 

glazing, with a balance between a low shading coefficient to minimize cooling loads, 

and a high visible light transmittance to facilitate daylighting. The façade glazing is 

summarized as follows: 

Block: 

� "North" = 80% WWR except for north class "block" which is 0% glazing. 

Glass is floor to ceiling. 

� "West" 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling 

� "South" 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling 

� Ground floor north = 100% WWR (except at north class "block"), floor to 

ceiling. 

Tower: 

� Trombe Wall (double facade) on "South" and "East" facade starting on 

level 7 and extending to top floor. The trombe wall is 100% glass, single 

glazed. Interior glass is as per other elevations (35% WWR) 

� All orientations: 35% WWR 3' sill height to underside of ceiling. Double 

glazing behind trombe wall. 

� North ground level = 100% glazing floor to ceiling. 

Link: 

� North and South = 100% Glazing floor to ceiling. 

� Roof: 100% "skylight" using kalwall/polycarbonate panels. 

The total overall window to wall ratio based on these inputs is 41%. 




The building lighting system will feature high efficiency lighting products and a 

sophisticated control system. The facility will utilize an addressable lighting control 

system such as the “Encelium” Energy Control System, which will be also 

connected to the building automation system. The lighting control system will 

include motion sensors, photocells, daylight sensors and override switches. This 

system will be provided for the zone switching of lighting during normal hours, after 

hours and daylight sensing. This will provide total flexible lighting control and also 

aid in reducing energy consumption. The addressable lighting control system will 

allow the ability of measurement of energy and usage of the lighting. The primary 

lighting control in the offices, classrooms and labs will be occupancy sensors with 

dimming via daylight sensors. Low voltage switching will also be provided in these 

areas as an override feature. Occupancy sensors utilized in storage rooms and 

wash rooms for switching the lights. 

The building HVAC system will be fed from the campus district energy system. The 

Tower plans to utilize a chilled beam system which reduces the amount of fan power 

used to condition the building. The Block will feature a displacement ventilation 

system for the lecture theatres and classrooms, and an overhead variable air 

volume distribution system for the remaining portion of the building. The Link will be 

heated via an in-slab radiant heating system, and during the winter will be ventilated 

by the Block ventilation system. During the summer, the Link will be passively 

cooled and naturally ventilated. All portions of the building will feature 

supplementary hydronic perimeter heating, heat recovery ventilation, and CO2 

demand controlled ventilation. 

Design Validation Energy simulations were undertaken to evaluate the potential 

energy savings for the proposed design, comparing the results to both the existing 

building energy consumption and the LEED reference energy code. Results are in 

Appendix D. The results indicate the proposed design is eligible for up to a 45% 

reduction in energy costs compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2007; as such, five (5) Energy 

and Atmosphere Credit 1 (Optimized Energy Performance) points have been carried 

in the project’s preliminary LEED scorecard. 

The facility will be fully commissioned and will feature a Measurement and 

Verification (M&V) system to ensure ongoing operational performance and energy 

cost accountability and savings. 

Materials: 

The building will focus on retaining as many structural elements as feasible so as to 

reduce demand for resources. Recycled and regional materials will be specified to 

both preserve the environment and to promote the local manufacturing economy, 

while wood products will be sought that attain Forest Stewardship Council 

certification. The new building elements will be constructed in a durable manner to 

reduce long term maintenance and repair costs. 

Indoor Environmental Quality: 


The building will feature systems that are conducive to high air change 

effectiveness, such as displacement ventilation systems which have demonstrated 

superior thermal comfort while reducing disease transmission and associated 

impacts on student academic achievement and staff absenteeism. Further, the air 

system will be designed with a high level of air filtration (MERV 13 filters) and will 

contain CO2 monitoring and outdoor air control devices to ensure good indoor air 

33

quality. Automatic sensors will control lighting based on occupancy, daylighting, 

and occupant control and override. 

Access to daylight will be promoted via glazing that extends to the underside of 

ceilings, and a balance between the quantity of glazing for daylighting and the 

associated energy penalties for too much glass. Research and energy codes have 

demonstrated that daylighting can be achieved while minimizing energy 

consumption at a 35 to 50 percent window to wall ratio, and this project will attain 

approximately a 41% ratio. Views to the outdoors will be promoted via a program 

that promotes open spaces around the perimeter, with enclosed offices and 

classrooms in the core of the building. Views for such core spaces will be attained 

via the use of glass partitions. 

Innovation: 

As a higher education project, the facility will strive to be a showcase for 

sustainability and education. A digital learning kiosk and energy “dashboard” may 

be installed in the Link to educate occupants on the sustainable features being 

incorporated and to monitor real time consumption of energy and water resources. 

The green roof may feature a variety of plant species and roof technologies to 

demonstrate to various student groups the various systems on the market. One 

concept for the green roof includes using a “tile” system where the plants are made 

up of various tiles, which can allow for replacement or reorganization of the green 

roof, potentially to create various patterns, logos, or messages using different 

coloured plants and a grid pattern. If the double façade is included, the design team 

proposes incorporating a high level of monitoring sensors and equipment to 

conduct research on the benefits of such a feature in Calgary’s local climate. 

Preliminary LEED Scorecard 

Enclosed is a current LEED-Canada NC scorecard for the concept design. There 

are a number of credits that can be attained based on the above descriptions, with 

several other credits, primarily related to constructability, that will be ascertained 

during the design and construction process. Based on the systems described and 

typical construction practices, the scorecard demonstrates LEED Gold is attainable. 





34

7.9 Mechanical Systems 

� Introduction 

The HVAC system design concepts for the mechanical systems were strongly 

influenced by the existing building construction, design constraints, and proposed 

occupancies. In particular the existing Library Tower had several constraints that 

required an innovative mechanical concept to meet the comfort and sustainability 

objectives of this renovation. 

The Library Tower is constructed with a pre-stressed concrete slab with no columns 

between the core and the perimeter wall. Therefore, the core dimensions are fixed 

and cannot be changed without major revisions to slab connections. The existing 

allowances for mechanical shafts are limited since the original design utilized very 

high velocity supply ductwork for the main risers. The mechanical systems also had 

to provide energy efficient operation, which would be very difficult to achieve with 

the high velocity, high pressure ductwork design. The existing floors also have 

ceiling space challenges with low ceiling heights and flush mounted lighting fixtures. 

Reuse of the existing central systems provide limited energy efficiency opportunities 

other than upgrading to a variable air volume system. 

Upgrading the Library Tower to current standards required expansion of the existing 

washrooms to accommodate handicapped washroom stalls, new communication 

rooms, and new larger electrical rooms. This created pressure on the core area 

space allocations, since providing these rooms outboard of the core was not 

desirable due to vertical shaft requirements. Two redundant elevator shafts 

provided some of this additional space, but this was inadequate to fulfill all of the 

needs. It was also determined that the sixth floor mechanical floor space would be 

valuable real estate with high ceilings. Therefore, a distributed cooling system was 

determined to be the best solution for this building, which minimizes vertical shaft 

space requirements. It is desirable to increase the floor to ceiling height, most likely 

by exposing the concrete structure above. The exposed ceiling provides an 

opportunity to take advantage of the thermal mass of the concrete floor structure. 

The Library Block is a completely different construction than the Tower, with a 

mechanical penthouse spanning the entire building. This building was more flexible 

to renovations with steel deck construction and non-stressed slabs. However, the 

steel structure with required spray-on fire proofing is not an attractive finish for 

exposing the structure. This building was more conducive to classroom spaces 

from a mechanical perspective, as the ventilation can be provided from underfloor. 

The Link building currently has limited mechanical with a single multi-zone unit 

supplying cooling, heating and ventilation. The construction of a new Link structure 

provides several mechanical opportunities to provide an energy efficient structure. 

New floor slabs can be used for radiant heating and cooling to provide conditioning 

only where required, and a mixed-mode system with a natural ventilation mode can 

be incorporated 

� Displacement Air 

Displacement ventilation is the use of low velocity air typically at 18°C-19°C to 

provide cooling and ventilation of the space. Low velocity air is either delivered 

through floor diffusers in concert with a raised floor system, or by low wall mounted 

horizontal diffusers. Displacement ventilation provides excellent air change 

effectiveness by sweeping contaminants from the occupied space to the higher level 

return space. Displacement ventilation provides an additional benefit by allowing 

additional hours of free-cooling operation, particularly in Calgary’s climate. 

However, displacement ventilation has limited capacity to handle high cooling loads, 

so the envelope must be high performance or potentially a double façade. 

The Library Tower building construction does not lend itself to the use of 

displacement ventilation. The use of a raised floor displacement system creates 

many difficulties with required ramps or stair reconstruction. The additional cost of 

the raised floor system is also significant. The use of wall mounted displacement 

ventilation diffusers is possible but will require fixed overhead ductwork and fixed 

wall locations. The major disadvantage of displacement ventilation is the 

requirement for compartmental units located on each floor, which will require at least 

10 sq.m. of valuable floor space. 

The exception in the Tower is the potential 6 th floor converted space which is 

proposed to contain meeting type spaces. This floor has very high ceilings and 

would be a great candidate for displacement ventilation. The provision of 

compartmental units on this floor is also less disruptive with a meeting room layout. 





The Library Block building provides a good application for displacement ventilation 

in the proposed large lecture theatres and classrooms. Displacement air is provided 

at low level under the seats and is very effective at providing a comfortable 

environment for these spaces. 

The new Link is also a good application for displacement ventilation due to the lower 

level occupancy and very high ceiling space. Displacement air can be delivered at 

low levels, possibly in some of the new main stair risers. This will ensure 

conditioning of the occupied areas and will allow some of the large empty space 

above to be partially conditioned. Displacement air can also be well utilized in 

conjunction with mixed mode natural ventilation. Exterior openings can provide the 

equivalent of displacement ventilation performance by allowing cool outside air to 

distribute along the floor. 

35

� Active Chilled beams 

Active Chilled beams are a newer technology borrowing on an old concept of 

induction. Active Chilled beams utilize a primary air source, typically from a 

dedicated outdoor air system, to provide induced air into the space. The chilled 

beam incorporates a higher temperature chilled water coil located within the chilled 

beam. The primary air is blown through air jet nozzles that induce room air through 

the chilled water coil. This provides three times the primary airflow to increase 

effective room ventilation effectiveness and room air change rates. Chilled beams 

typically incorporate a dew point sensor and separately controlled chilled water loop 

to ensure that water does not condense on the coil surface. The design of chilled 

beams and the air jet nozzles also ensures the acoustic performance meets the 

space requirements, so chilled beams are comparable or better than standard 

ceiling diffusers. Chilled beams require a primary air connection and chilled water 

lines, but do not require a condensate drain. Chilled beams are quite energy 

efficient since the have low fan power requirement, utilize higher temperature chilled 

water, and require a lower air volume primary air handling unit. 

The Library Tower is a great candidate for a chilled beam system due to the core 

area restraints and the floor space limitations. The existing ceiling can be exposed 

and the chilled beams mounted on the underside of the concrete at the same 

elevation as the lighting. The primary air ducts will be much smaller than equivalent 

variable air volume ductwork, which will allow the chilled beams to be mounted 

higher than the existing ceiling. Attention to detail on the layout of primary air 

ductwork and chilled water lines can provide a neat and non-obtrusive installation. 

The chilled beam system will not require a compartmental unit, so valuable floor 

space is saved. 

The Library Block could also potentially use chilled beams for the non-classroom 

student spaces and the lower floor registrar area. However, the occupancy for 

these areas is less controlled and may have significant student gatherings at times. 

This could create significant short term latent loads from people, which could lead to 

condensation issues on the chilled beams. Therefore, this option would be limited 

to office type areas located in the registrar. 

The Link building would not be a good candidate since the chilled beams would 

have to be mounted too high to be effective. 

� Raised Floor 

A raised floor system consists of tiled flooring system installed above the existing 

concrete slab. These tiles can be concrete or wood and are typically installed on a 

pedestal system to provide an interstitial space under the floor for cooling and 

ventilation air. This interstitial space can range from low electrical only floors that 

are 100 – 125 mm high to combination floors that range from 200 mm to 450 mm or 

more. It is recommended that an interstitial floor space for cooling and wiring be a 

minimum of 300 mm to provide room for proper crossovers, distribution ductwork, 

and equipment. 

Raised floor systems utilize either a displacement ventilation diffusers or turbulent 

flow diffusers to provide cooling and ventilation. Displacement ventilation systems 

have been described previously, but a raised floor system allows displacement 

diffusers to be easily located throughout the floor area. A turbulent flow diffuser 

system utilizes a similar principle as displacement ventilation but provides a mixed 

zone in the occupied area. The mixed zone area is up to approximately 1.5-1.8 m, 

with a non-mixed zone above that is at a higher temperature than the occupied 

zone. The majority of contaminants and high level heat loads are contained in the 

upper zone and do not enter the space. The turbulent flow system can handle 

higher cooling loads in the space. 

The challenge with the Library Tower building is the requirement for access ramps 

to the new raised floor height, or adjustment of existing stairways and elevator 

openings to the new floor height. The ramp solution will be very difficult in the tight 

floor space available on each floor, is awkward with the stair configuration, and is 

generally a poor solution. The adjustment of the existing stairwells and elevator 

openings will require rebuild of the entire stairway, new elevator openings, and a 

new elevator penthouse. This is a substantial expense over and above the 

significant cost of the raised floor system itself. However, a raised floor system will 

also allow exposure of the existing concrete structure, and will result in a higher floor 

to ceiling height. The major disadvantage of a raised floor system is the 

requirement for compartmental units located on each floor, which will require at least 

10 sq.m. of valuable floor space. 





The use of a raised floor system in the Library Block and Link was not practical with 

the existing building construction, the intended space usage, and the difficulty with 

implementation. Therefore, a raised floor system is not recommended. 

36

8.1 Architectural Design – Concept Images 

View from Swan Mall - MacKimmie Tower, Block and “Town Square” 




8. CONCEPT DESIGN 

37


“Town Square” - MacKimmie Link 





38


“Town Square” - MacKimmie Link 





39

8.1 Architectural Design – Site Plan 

Key to Floor Plans below 





40

8.1 Architectural Design – Building Section 





41

8.1 Architectural Design – Building Elevation 





42

8.1 Architectural Design – MLT Bsmt / MLB 1A 





43

8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 1 / MLB 1B 





44

8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 2 / MLB Level 2 





45

8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 3 / MLB 3 





46

8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 4-6 / MLT 7-12/ MLB 4 





47

8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 6A -Event Space / MLB Roof Plan 





48

8.2 Sustainability ( Reference Appendix D ) 

� OVERVIEW 

The project is pursuing LEED ® NC-Canada certification; as such, the building is 

required to meet Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy 

Performance and are striving to achieve points for EA Credit 1 Optimize Energy 

Performance. The selected compliance path for both objectives is ASHRAE 90.1- 

2007 and the associated Energy Cost Budget methodology. 

For this purpose an energy model was developed in order to assess the buildings 

predicted energy consumption per the Building Energy Cost Budget Method in 

chapter 11 of the reference standard. 

A double façade was explored for the tower; extending from the 7 th to the top floor. 

This feature reduces solar heat gains in the summer while retaining envelope heat 

losses and acting as a “greenhouse” to passively heat the building and preheat 

incoming building air in the winter. Three models were developed to explore this 

option fully; a model with the double façade located on the southern orientation, one 

with the double façade located on the eastern orientation, and one model with no 

double façade. It was found that the double façade located on the eastern 

orientation contributed the greatest energy savings and therefore all results 

described in the following sections refer to this model. 

The model demonstrates that as currently designed, the MacKimmie Complex 

achieves the ASHRAE 90.1 minimum requirements per the Energy Cost Budget 

Method, and further demonstrates a 45% decrease in regulated annual modelled 

energy costs. The current version of LEED asks for the building to demonstrate a 

reduction in energy cost compared to the energy cost of the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 

standard. While it is recognised that ASHRAE 90.1-2007 is more stringent than the 

1999 standard, by using the 2007 standard it better aligns with the University 

guidelines and gives a more conservative points estimate. The proposed design 

meets EA Pr. 2 and is eligible for up to seven (7) EA Credit 1 points. 

The simulations and the design are preliminary in nature; the accuracy of the 

simulations reflects this and are typically considered to be within ±10% of the final 

design. Therefore, at least two projected LEED Energy and Atmosphere Credit 1 

energy points as reported in this document should be deducted from each building’s 

initial LEED scorecard and deemed a “maybe” until such time as a final compliance 

simulation is completed. Two EA Credit 1 points should be deemed as “maybes” for 

Mackimmie and five (5) points should be deemed achievable. 

� ENERGY MODEL 

Energy analysis and simulation can be used to estimate the energy consumption of 

a building based on the local climate characteristics, system choices, and geometry. 

The purpose of this energy simulation was to confirm the building will meet the 

energy requirements of the LEED Canada-NC rating system. 

Simulation tools bring architectural and engineering design aspects together to 

predict how different building components will interact with each other and the 

environment. By understanding the relationship between individual building 

components and the building as a whole, the model can estimate the energy use of 

the proposed building. 

� ENERGY ANALYSIS GOALS 

Baseline/Proposed Building 

An energy model was developed to represent the current buildings’ proposed 

design. Using this energy model, each building was characterised by: 

Electricity Consumption and Demand 

Natural Gas Consumption 

Total Energy Cost 

Process related equipment is not covered under the applicable reference standard 

or LEED and was therefore excluded from the simulation. However, approximations 

for plug loads were made to ensure Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning 

(HVAC) system loads were accurately simulated. 

ASHRAE (Code) Building 

The proposed building was analysed for ASHRAE compliance by following the 

Building Energy Cost Budget Method. This involved creating a separate energy 

model with the same building layout, and by altering the performance parameters of 

glazing, envelope, mechanical and electrical (lighting) systems to the minimum 

values permitted by the code. The annual predictive energy cost estimate of this 

simulation was compared to the results of the baseline building design simulation to 

ascertain whether the annual regulated energy cost of the proposed building was 

45% less than the code reference, thereby meeting the minimum energy 

requirements of LEED Canada-NC version 1.0. 

Conclusions 

The models demonstrated that as currently designed the MacKimmie Building 

achieves the ASHRAE 90.1 minimum requirements per the Energy Cost Budget 

Method, and further demonstrate a 45% decrease in regulated annual modelled 

energy costs; therefore the proposed design meets LEED Energy and Atmosphere 

(EA) Prerequisite 2 and is eligible for up to seven (7) EA Credit 1 points. 

It should be noted that the simulations and the design are preliminary in nature; the 

accuracy of the simulations is typically considered to be within ±10% of the final 

design and therefore at least two (2) LEED EA Credit 1 energy point as reported in 

this document should be deducted from each building’s initial LEED scorecard and 

deemed a “maybe” until such time as a final compliance simulation is completed. 

Two EA Credit 1 points should be deemed as “maybes” for Mackimmie and five (5) 

points should be deemed achievable. 




Table 3: Annual Breakdown of Energy Use – Proposed Mackimmie vs. 

ASHRAE & Existing (see Appendix D) 

Proposed 

ASHRAE 

Existing 

Energy Costs 

$450,000 

$400,000 

$350,000 

$300,000 

$250,000 

$200,000 

$150,000 

$100,000 

$50,000 

$0 

Annual Elec 

Consumption 

(kWh) 

Annual Heating 

Consumption (GJ) 

Energy Cost per Year 

1,693,000 1,886 $ 174,292 

2,809,000 7,981 $ 315,044 

1,387,993 34,963 $ 391,563 

Energy Cost Comparison 

Current Utility Data Proposed Building ASHRAE 90.1 2007 

0% 

6% 

MacKimmie Design Energy End-Use 

4% 8% 

9% 

40% 

15% 

18% 


Lighting 

Equipment 

Heating 

Cooling 

Heat Reject 

Pumps & Aux 

Fans 

DHW 

49

8.3 Mechanical 

� OVERVIEW 

This system description outlines the mechanical systems proposed for the 

expansion of the existing University of Calgary MacKimmie Library. Its intent is to 

define the scope and nature of the heating, ventilation, cooling, plumbing, fire 

protection and building automation systems to be provided. 

The mechanical systems for all three buildings require complete replacement as 

noted in the Condition Assessment Report. Therefore, complete replacement of 

plumbing and heating systems provided the opportunity to update these systems to 

efficient designs. All mechanical systems will be updated to provide reliable and 

energy efficient service for the next 50 years. 

Codes and Standards 

The mechanical systems will be designed and installed to comply with the latest 

editions of the following codes as applicable. 

Alberta Building Code 1997 

Canadian Plumbing Code 1997 

N.F.P.A. Codes 

W.C.B. Regulations 

Canadian Gas Code CGBA149.1 M89 

CSA Standards 

Canadian Fire Code 

Local Building By-Laws 

In addition to the above, the mechanical systems will be designed to comply with the 

applicable standards issued by: 

ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

Engineers Inc.) 

ASPE (American Society of Plumbing Engineers) 

SMACNA (Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National 

Association) 

The building is also being designed to meet both: 

The new building energy performance will be a minimum of 21% better 

than an equivalent building designed to meet the Canadian Model National 

Energy Code for Buildings. The building energy performance will also 

achieve a minimum performance of 8% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007. 

The goal will be to achieve energy performance much greater than the 

minimums, which will be verified by the Energy Modelling process. 

The Canadian Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and 

Environmental Design (LEED) Gold standard. It is anticipated the LEED 

Canada NC Version 2.0 will be released prior to design of these 

renovations, which will provide revised point matrices, new point 

definitions, and additional opportunities. 

Design Criteria 

Indoor Design Conditions 

Winter: 21ºC, 30% minimum humidification 

Summer: 23ºC, maximum 60% humidity, typical 40-45%. 

Outdoor Design Conditions 

Winter: -33ºC (1%) 

Summer: 29ºC db, 17ºC wb (2½%) 

Ventilation Rates 

Ventilation rates shall be in accordance with ASHRAE 62, Current Edition. 

Controls 

All building controls will be upgraded to a full DDC control system, based on the 

based building control contractor Siemens. All pneumatic controls will be deleted 

and replaced by new electronic controls that will provide substantially improved 

controllability for the system. Energy metering as per U of C standards will be 

provided for chilled water and heating water systems. It is intended that LEED 

IPMPV credit requirements will be pursued to provide energy monitoring and 

confirmation of energy performance. 

� TOWER 

Site Services 

The building is served by a 200mm (8”) dia. sanitary sewer service and a 300mm 

(12”) dia. storm sewer service connected to manholes on the mains to the East. 

The building sanitary and storm sewer services are cast iron piping with hub and 

spigot joints. A 150 mm (6”) dia. domestic water service and chilled water is 

provided through the campus tunnel piping system network. These services are 

adequate to support the renovated building. 

Plumbing 

The plumbing piping systems will be completely replaced including domestic water 

lines, sanitary lines, and storm water lines. 

Plumbing fixtures will be water conserving, good commercial grade. Water closets 

will be low flow, dual-flow flushometer type. Urinals will be 0.1 gallon per flush 

models that provide a slight cleaning affect to the urinal surfaces. Faucets will be 

low flow and will be infra-red activated. Sanitary and storm drainage will be 

provided throughout in accordance with the Plumbing Code. 

Domestic hot water will be generated from the hot water system by the use of two 

domestic hot water heat exchangers. Domestic hot and cold water will be supplied 

to all fixtures with the exception of the toilets. River process water will be used for 

toilet flushing. 

Heating 

Heating systems will be completely replaced and will generally consist of radiant 

panels since high temperature heating water is readily available from the Co- 

Generation Plant. Standard entrance heaters will be provided at all entrances. The 

backside of the radiant panels will be used as a light shelf element where 

appropriate. 

Two new redundant primary high temperature hot water to low temperature hot 

water heat exchangers will be provided in the vault. A new high temperature hot 

water to steam generator will also be provided to serve humidification needs of the 

building. 

Ventilation and Cooling 

The recommended solution for cooling and ventilation of the Tower building is an 

Active Chilled beam system. A dedicated outdoor air unit complete with a heat 

wheel will provide ventilation, dehumidification, filtration and primary air supply for 

the chilled beams. This unit will supply sufficient primary air to drive the chilled 

beams, which will typically exceed the ASHRAE 62 minimum values. LEED 

recognizes that exceeding ASHRAE minimum values by 30% can increase the 





overall ventilation effectiveness. Providing a larger ventilation unit will also provide 

the University flexibility for program or space use changes. 

Active chilled beams will be located throughout all typical office floors and will be 

supplied from a tempered chilled water loop. The chilled beams will be mounted on 

the underside of the concrete structure as tight to the underside as possible, 

generally at the lighting elevation. Primary ductwork and chilled water lines will 

extend radially from ring mains located in the central exit corridor to provide a neat 

installation. 

The 6 th floor area will be provided with displacement ventilation compartmental 

units. Displacement ventilation diffusers will be located in the meeting room walls to 

provide cooling and ventilation. High overhead returns will return high level heated 

air back to the compartmental units. 

The new envelope should either be a high performance envelope or a double 

façade. The ideal envelope would be a double façade with motorized exterior 

50

window shades located in the interstitial space. This solution allows the window 

shades to be protected from the wind and prevents the majority of direct solar gain 

from entering the occupied space. The MacKimmie Tower allows the provision of a 

double façade system without requiring separate framing, which may make the 

system economical. The double façade will be ventilated by low level operable 

dampers and a relief fan at the top. Pre-heated outdoor air will be directed to the 

makeup air system in the winter. 

The intent of the new envelope would be to provide operable windows to allow 

occupants the access to fresh air. It is also intended that some of these openings 

be motorized to allow a night purge cycle to take advantage of the concrete thermal 

mass. Calgary’s climate is ideal for use with a high mass building to save operating 

energy. Night-time temperatures are from 10 to 15 degrees C cooler than daytime 

highs. Cool air at night will be used to flush the building and store cool within the 

high mass slab, ready for the next day’s operations. The daytime thermal 

flywheeling of the mass within the structure will be recharged by using the operable 

windows to drag cool air through the facility at night. The system will be automated 

to prevent overcooling of the facility or simultaneous heating and cooling. 

Chilled water will be provided from the central chilled water plant with cooling coils 

and chilled beams sized for high temperature differentials. The University of 

Calgary standard control valve and metering detail will be used for this connection. 

Fire Protection 

A new fire pump will be located in the basement of the MacKimmie Tower building 

to serve the entire facility. All three buildings will be considered as one building for 

the purposes of fire protection. The Siamese connection will be relocated to the 

front NE of the Tower building adjacent to the front entrance. 

Sprinklers will be provided throughout the building as per NFPA 13. New fire 

extinguishers located in lockable cabinets will also be provided throughout as per 

NFPA 10. 

� BLOCK 

Site Services 

The building is served by a 150mm (6”) dia. sanitary sewer service and a 300mm 

(12”) dia. storm sewer service connected to manholes on the East side of the 

building. A 150 mm (6”) dia. domestic water service and chilled water is provided 

through the campus tunnel piping system network. These services are adequate for 

the new expansion and may be reused. 

Plumbing 

The plumbing piping systems will be completely replaced including domestic water 

lines, sanitary lines, and storm water lines. 

Plumbing fixtures will be water conserving, good commercial grade. Water closets 

will be low flow, dual-flow flushometer type. Urinals will be 0.1 gallon per flush 

models that provide a slight cleaning affect to the urinal surfaces. Faucets will be 

low flow and will be infra-red activated. Sanitary and storm drainage will be 

provided throughout in accordance with the Plumbing Code. 

Domestic hot water will be generated from the hot water system by the use of two 

domestic hot water heat exchangers. Domestic hot and cold water will be supplied 

to all fixtures with the exception of the toilets. River process water will be used for 

toilet flushing and irrigation of the green roof areas. 

Heating 

Heating systems will be completely replaced and will generally consist of radiant 

panels since high temperature heating water is readily available from the Co- 

Generation Plant. Standard entrance heaters will be provided at all entrances. 

The old steam generators will be deleted and two new redundant primary high 

temperature hot water to low temperature hot water heat exchangers will be 

provided in the vault. A new high temperature hot water to steam generator will also 

be provided to serve humidification needs of the building. 



Two displacement ventilation units will be provided to serve the lecture theatres and 

classroom spaces. These units will be 100% outside air and will incorporate a heat 

recovery wheel. Displacement air will be distributed through stair risers in raked 

classroom areas and through low level wall diffusers in flat classrooms. 

Two conventional variable air volume units will provide ventilation and cooling to the 

student and registrar areas. These units will provide for occupancy loads in these 

areas that may have significant variability. Typically these areas will not have high 

outside air percentages, so a standard mixed air unit will provide good performance. 

Chilled water will be provided from the central chilled water plant with cooling coils 

sized for high temperature differentials. The University of Calgary standard control 

valve and metering detail will be used for this connection. 











NFPA 10. 

� LINK 


Site Services 

Site services for the Link will be connected to the Block area where required. It is 

not anticipated that site services will be required for this area. 

Plumbing 

Plumbing will not be required within the Link area. Storm lines may be required 

depending on the final roof configuration, these will be directed towards the Block 

building and connected to storm. 

Heating 

The Link area will utilize radiant heating in the new slabs, since this area will be 

reconstructed as part of the proposed renovations. Standard entrance heaters will 

be provided at all entrances. Heating water for the Link will be provided from the 

Block mechanical room. 


The Link area will be served by radiant cooling in the slab (based on a switchover 

system) and a displacement ventilation system located in the occupied zones. The 

design intent is to use “unused” ventilation air from the Block building to provide part 

of the outdoor air supply to the Link Area. A damper arrangement and carbon 

dioxide monitor will allow the unit to reuse this ventilation air or draw directly from 

outside based on energy efficiency. 

The building is being designed to utilize a hybrid natural ventilation system. When 

the outdoor air temperature is conducive to ventilating, operable louvers or windows 

will allow cool outside area into the Link. The displacement ventilation system will 

be augmented by the use of these openings to introduce ventilation and cooling air 

into the facility. 

In order to assure that openings draw air into the Link regardless of wind direction or 

location, openable louvers and fans will be designed for the Link area. The negative 

pressure developed within the Link will promote a positive airflow from the openings, 

through the Link, and out the relief openings. 

It is also intended that some of these openings be motorized to allow a night purge 

cycle to take advantage of the concrete thermal mass. Calgary’s climate is ideal for 

use with a high mass building to save operating energy. Night-time temperatures 

are from 10 to 15 degrees C cooler than daytime highs. Cool air at night will be 

used to flush the building and store cool within the high mass slab, ready for the 

next day’s operations. The daytime thermal flywheeling of the mass within the 

structure will be recharged by using the operable windows to drag cool air through 

the facility at night. The system will be automated to prevent overcooling of the 

facility or simultaneous heating and cooling. 




51





NFPA 10. 





52

8.4 Electrical 

� Overview 

The design goals are to provide electrical systems that provide flexibility, 

adaptability and accessibility so that the building can accommodate a mix of activity 

types within each floor area for both the present and future needs. The electrical 

systems presented will be designed so as to facilitate cable replacement, renewal 

and removal as the needs and activities of the users and departments change over 

the life of the building. 

The selection of the electrical systems are also based on the following goals: 

Project capital budget. 

Design creativity, excellence and innovation. 

Energy efficiency to achieve low operating and maintenance costs while 

supporting the facility function. 

Reliability and continuity of electrical systems. 

Capacity for future modifications and extensions. 

The electrical systems design will comply with the following applicable codes and 

standards: 

All laws, ordinances, rules, regulations, codes and orders of all authorities 

having jurisdiction relating to this work. 

The Canadian Electrical Code, CSA Standard C22.1 and the applicable 

building codes. 

All equipment will be CSA approved and ULC certified. 

� Primary Electrical Service 

The existing U of C primary electrical distribution is at 13.2 kV and is fed from two 

Enmax Substations. Each existing building is fed in a ring main loop configuration 

with 350mm teck cable with a maximum loading of 50 percent (%) so that either side 

of the loop feed can be loaded to carry twice the load in the event there is a fault on 

either side of the loop. These ring main loops are run in the existing tunnel system. 

The existing services to the Tower and Block are old and past their expected life. 

There are also serious safety issue concerns with them. The existing services will 

be removed and replaced with new services in new larger electrical rooms. 

Tower 

New switchgear will be provided for the Tower which will include a new four switch 

13.2kV switchgear and will be located in a new main electrical room that will be 

located in the basement. Two new dry type 13.2kV-347/600V, 2000kva transformers 

will be provided and will be set up as a double ended switchboard configuration with 

a normally open tie breaker. The 600-volt switchboards will be rated for 3000 Amps 

for the Tower 

Block and Link 

New switchgear will be provided for the Block and Link which will include a new four 

switch 13.2kV switchgear and will be located in a new main electrical room that will 

be located in the basement. Two new dry type 13.2kV-347/600V, 1500kva 

transformers will be provided and will be set up as a double ended switchboard 

configuration with a normally open tie breaker. This will provide redundancy in the 

power service. The 600-volt switchboards will be rated for 2000Amps for the Block 

and Link 

General 

Both of these new switchgear will be incorporated into the existing ring mains in the 

tunnel. 

These switchboards and will be complete with drawout breakers for maintenance 

and operational ease. The 600-volt switchboards will be divided into two sectors, 

connected by a tie circuit breaker for each of the new services. Each side of the 

switchboard will be fed by one of the two step down transformers. This will provide 

reliable power in the event one transformer/feeder was to fail. Secondary feeders 

will be taken from the unit substation switchboard to the distribution panels located 

throughout the building. 

Digital Power metering equipment will be provided on each side of the 600-volt 

switchboard and will be tied to the campus monitoring system for maintenance 

troubleshooting and energy management activities. 

� Power Distribution 

All the power will be distributed throughout the building from the 600-volt, 3 phase, 

and 4 wire switchboards located in the basement electrical rooms in both the Tower 

and the Block. 

Tower 

In the Tower, from the main 600V switchboard, there will be three 347/600V bus 

duct risers. One will be for floor 1 to 6. The second will be for floors 7 to 12. The 

third one will be for the mechanical equipment. Each floor will have a 347/600V 

distribution board which will be fed from the bus duct with plug-in type fused 

switches. . These 347/600V distribution boards will then feed 347/600V panelboards 

for lighting and 600-120/208V transformers for all the 120V and 208V power 

requirements. 120/208V distribution boards will be from the 600-120/208V 

transformers in each floor electrical riser rooms which in turn will feed all the 

panelboards to serve all the 120V and 208V loads for the theatres and classrooms 

plus all general housekeeping receptacles, incandescent lighting fixtures and 120V 

and other 208V equipment. A 800 Amp, 600-volt feed (wire and conduit) will be run 

form the 600-volt mechanical busduct to a 800 Amp, 600-volt distribution panel in 

the mechanical penthouse to feed all the mechanical equipment and the elevators. 

Block and Link 

In the Block, from the main 600V switchboard, conduit and wire will be run to a 

distribution board which will then feed each floor electrical riser room 347/600V 

distribution boards. These 347/600V distribution boards will then feed 347/600V 

panelboards for lighting and 600-120/208V transformers for all the 120V and 208V 

power requirements.120/208V distribution boards will be from the 600-120/208V 

transformers in each floor electrical riser rooms which in turn will feed all the 

panelboards to serve all the 120V and 208V loads for the theatres and classrooms 

plus all general housekeeping receptacles, incandescent lighting fixtures and 120V 

and other 208V equipment. A 400 Amp, 600-volt feed (wire and conduit) will be run 

form the 600-volt switchboard in the basement electrical room to a 400 Amp, 600volt 

distribution panel in the mechanical penthouse to feed all the mechanical 

equipment and the elevators. 

General 

To reduce the arc-flash energy level, a breaker will be installed on the secondary 

side of all distribution transformers. 

To aid in the reduction of harmonics on the distribution system, all the 225 kVa, 600- 

120/208 volt transformers will be phase shifting harmonic mitigation zigzag 

transformers. All the plug-in bus ducts on all the floors will have double neutrals. 

This will eliminate harmonics at the transformer on each floor thus preventing any 

harmonics being introduced on the feeder risers and into the existing campus 

distribution. Further, all mechanical equipment fed from variable frequency drives 




will incorporate in line reactors to eliminate any harmonics caused by the variable 

frequency drives. 

� Emergency Power 

A diesel fired standby emergency generator set rated at 500 kVa, 347/600-volt, 3 

phase, 4 wire will provide emergency power to life safety equipment such as fire 

alarms, emergency lighting fire pumps, communication and security equipment. 

Also, it will be used to provide emergency power to standby loads such as building 

basic heating systems (freeze protection) and one elevator. 

Automatic transfer switches will provide transfer of loads to the generator in case of 

power failure. There will be two transfer switches. One will be for life safety 

equipment and the other for non-life safety equipment. 

The emergency generator will be located outside in a exterior sound attenuated 

enclosure and a skid mounted fuel tank. 

� Lighting 

The lighting levels will be designed in accordance with the recommendations of the 

Illuminating Engineers Society (IES). The following lighting levels and lighting power 

densities will be used as design guidelines: 

AREA 

MAINTAINED LIGHTING 

LEVEL AT THE 

WORKPLANE (FOOT 

CANDLES) 


Corridors 7-20 0.4 

Lobbies, Stairs, Storage, Elevators 10-20 0.4 

Work Circulation Areas/Toilets 20-30 0.4 

Computer Rooms 30-50 1.1 

Classrooms 30-40 1.2 

Offices 40-50 1.0 

Lecture Theatre 30-40 1.2 

LIGHTING 

POWER 

DENSITY 

(W/SQ.FT) 

As an average 1.0w/sq.ft can be used for both the Tower and the Block. For the Link 

0.5w/qs.ft. can be used as an average. 

The above design lighting power densities a minimally 25% below the requirements 

as stipulated in ASHRAE 90.1. 

Lighting fixtures will be selected based on visual comfort, energy efficiency and 

color rendering. 

The primary goal of the lighting design is to provide an overall energy efficient 

system which will comprise of efficient fixtures, lamps and controls. 

The majority of the lighting will be energy efficient fluorescent utilizing T5 lamps and 

electronic ballasts. This is a cost-effective solution in terms of initial capital cost as 

well as operating costs and provides higher color-rendering lamps at no cost 

premium. All fluorescent ballasts will be instant start, high quality and high power 

factor. 

The typical light fixtures in offices, labs and classroom spaces will be linear 

direct/indirect suspended fluorescent fixture. 

Architectural decorative luminaires will be provided in the public open areas. 

53

Two lamp strip lights with wire guards, T5 lamps and electronic ballasts will be used 

in all service rooms, janitor rooms, and storage rooms. 

The lecture theatres will be lit with a combination of recessed fluorescent fixtures, 

compact fluorescent pot lights. The lecture theatre's lights will be controlled by a 

dimming system lighting control system which will allow preset light switching for 

different modes of light levels. 

Where practical, LED fixtures will be utilized for both interior and exterior lighting. 

Incandescent lamp sources will be minimized and used only where absolutely 

necessary. 

The primary lighting control in the offices, classrooms and labs will be occupancy 

sensors with dimming via daylight sensors. Low voltage switches will also be 

provided in these areas as an override feature. 

Occupancy sensors utilized in storage rooms and wash rooms for switching the 

lights. 

LED illuminated exit lights at all building exits and as required to provide exit 

guidance in accordance with the Alberta Building Code. 

Partial interior lights will available while the building is on emergency power. 

The facility will utilize a addressable lighting control system such as the “Encelium” 

Energy Control System, which will be also connected to the building automation 

system. The lighting control system will include motion sensors, photocells, daylight 

sensors and override switches. This system will be provided for the zone switching 

of lighting during normal hours, after hours and daylight sensing. This will provide 

total flexible lighting control and also aid in reducing energy consumption. The 

addressable lighting control system will allow the ability of measurement of energy 

and usage of the lighting. 

� Grounding & Lightning Protection 

The grounding system will consist of a ground grid made up of 4-20 mm x 3000 mm 

copper ground rods connected together with 1-#3/0 bare copper ground wire. From 

this grid a #3/0 ground wire will be run to a ground bus located in each of the 

basement electrical rooms 

The grounding resistance for the electrical power system will have a maximum 

resistance to ground of 5 ohms. A wall mounted 6 mm by 50 mm and 1 m long 

minimum copper ground bus will be provided in each electrical room and in the main 

electrical service rooms. The ground bus will be located in the back of the room. The 

ground bus will be interconnected with the ground electrode and ground bus in the 

switchboard as well as the lighting conductors and water pipes. 

A separate communication ground bus will be provided for the communication and 

this ground bus will be connected with this main building grounding bus. 

A central grounding system will be provided for all switchboards. All grounded 

busses from switchboards, transformers, and panelboards will be connected at a 

central ground bus in the main electrical room. 

A separate green ground wire will be provided for all circuits. 

All transformers, switchgear, motor control centres, and panelboards will be 

grounded back to the basement electrical room ground bus. 

Lightning protection will provided for the building. The system will consist of air 

terminals mounted on the perimeter of the top of the building and ground conductors 

from the air terminals to ground rods to provide a path for lightning current to travel 

safely to the ground. 

� Voice and Data Systems 

There will be a main communication room for each of the Tower and the Block. 

These will be located in the basement of the respective buildings and will serve as 

the primary location for all data/voice entrance cables coming from the tunnel 

system, backbone distribution and server locations. The rooms will meet all codes 

and standards outlined by both the University of Calgary and the EIA/TIA 568-A. 

Cables entering from the tunnel supplying both voice and data links will consist of a 

200-Pr. Sealpic/Aircore ATMM voice cable originating from the Administration 

Building, and two 72 Single Mode cables coming from the Math Science Building 

and ICT Building respectively. 

All backbone cable will originate from the main communications rooms located in 

the basement. For all data applications, 24 Single Mode Optic Cable will be run to 

the Communication Riser rooms located on each floor and patched into an ADC 

Fibre Optic Patch Panel. For voice applications, 50-Pr ATMM Category 6A cable 

will also be run to each Communications Riser room and punched down in either a 

BIX or 110-Style frame. We feel that these cables will provide the flexibility needed 

for this building coupled with the support for all present and future applications that 

may arise in the years to come. 

Each of the Tower and the Block will have Communication Riser rooms will be 

located per floor and vertically aligned. Each riser room will have 3 x 4” sleeves 

located between riser rooms. Extending from this area will be a vertical ladder tray 

that will connect to a horizontal cable tray for distribution within the riser room. 

Data and telephone cabling will be proposed Performance Category 6A. Each cable 

will consist of (4) unshielded twisted pairs (UTP). 

Together with EIA/TIA 606 and the University of Calgary standards, voice and data 

jacks will be clearly identified using labels. In addition to this, there will also be a 

AutoCAD drawing of each floor located in each communication riser room for 

identification purposes and a clear understanding of the voice/data layout. 

Offices and work spaces will be provided with (2) tele/data outlets located on 

opposite walls to allow flexibility of equipment location. 

Classrooms and theatres be provided with tele/data outlets as required. 

Wireless access points will be provided throughout the building for complete 

wireless access in the entire building. 

Cooling will be provided for the equipment heat loads in the all the communication 

rooms. Dedicated emergency power receptacles and a signal ground will also be 

provided in each of these rooms. 




� Fire Alarm System 

The buildings will be provided with an addressable multiplexed, two-stage, multizone, 

supervised, annunciated fire alarm system. The system will have addressable 

manual pull stations, automatic smoke and heat detectors, monitor modules for 

sprinkler flow and tamper switches, speakers, horns and strobes. An emergency, 

one way voice communication system and a firefighter's telephone system will be 

provided. A pre-programmed voice message module (U of C standard message) will 

also be provided. 

Manual pull stations will be installed within 3m of all exits and 60m on centres within 

the building. Smoke detectors will be provided in stairwells, elevator shaft, elevator 

lobbies, corridors, telecom rooms, and electrical rooms. 

Duct mounted smoke detectors will be provided on all re-circulating air handling 

equipment in both the supply and return ducts. A fire alarm annunciator will be 

installed at the main building entrance. A direct link through a twisted pair cable will 

be provided between the building fire alarm control panel and the campus fire 

monitor station. The elevator controllers will be connected to the fire alarm system 

so that the elevators will return to floor of egress or to an alternate floor in the event 

of a fire alarm. 

Magnetic door holders will be provided on fire doors that will normally be held open 

and released upon a fire alarm. Magnetic door hold devices will be combination 

hold open/closer type. 

Control modules will be provided to cause mechanical ventilation equipment to shut 

down or to function to provide required control of smoke movement. 

The fire alarm system will have its own built in back up battery emergency supply. 

The system will be supplied with a printer for hardcopy logging of all alarms and 

troubles. 

A separate fire panel approved for suppression control will be provided to monitor 

and control a pre-action sprinkler system in the main electrical Room. This fire 

panel will be compatible with the main building fire alarm network. 

The fire alarm system will have four (4) levels of monitoring: 

Priority 1 – Fire 

Priority 2 – Alarm 

Priority 3 – Supervisory (sprinkle tamper) 

Priority 4 – Trouble (fire alarm trouble) 

The fire alarm will meet barrier free codes. 


� Security System 

Card Access and Door Alarm Monitoring system will be provided throughout the 

facility on doors where required by a User program. The Card Key and Door Alarm 

system will be based on a computerized, easily modified system for facilitating the 

various Users needs. Any additional security measures of more critical building 

areas such as CCTV, will be provided for the Users in a local area on an as needed 

basis. 

54

8.5 Structural 

� Overview 

The McKimmie Library Tower, Block and Link represent three distinct structures due 

to differences in their original design and construction. The Tower structure is 

largely able to accommodate a multitude of uses and occupancies while meeting 

current building codes, but is limited in flexibility with respect to modifications of the 

existing structure. The Block is similarly able to accommodate a multitude of uses 

and occupancies to meet current building codes, but is somewhat flexible in 

accommodating revisions to the existing structure. This may include removal of 

some columns and floor slabs to created two storey spaces, and relocation of stairs 

and elevators. Finally, the Link is a much smaller structure that has negligible 

additional capacity to accommodate revisions to use and occupancy, revisions to 

the structure, or to meet current building codes. 

� Tower 

The McKimmie Library Tower consists of primarily cast-in-place concrete 

construction. Concrete floor slabs span over concrete beams and joists, which in 

turn span from perimeter concrete columns to the interior concrete core. This interior 

core contains the elevator shafts, concrete stairs and mechanical shafts. This 

central core also provides the lateral load (wind and seismic) resistance of the 

structure. The perimeter columns protrude beyond the edge of the floor slabs, and 

taper from larger columns at the base to smaller columns at the top of the building. 

The concrete construction and the limited number of vertical load carrying elements 

in the Tower limit the potential for significant structural modification. However, this is 

largely compensated as the lack of columns does leave an open floor plate that 

allows flexibility for architectural and interior design. 

The Tower’s original design loading for a typical floor slab was 7.2 kPa (kilopascals), 

which is equal to150 psf (pounds per square foot). This is a relatively high loading 

that was due to the use as a library, and the high floor loading that results from 

stacking of books. For comparison, a typical design loading for an assembly use is 

4.8 kPa, and for administration and office areas a typical design loading is 2.4 kPa. 

Additionally, it has been proposed that the existing pre-cast concrete exterior panels 

be replaced with a lighter curtain-wall system. This combination of factors serves to 

decrease the expected vertical loading on the existing core, columns and foundation 

piles for a re-purposed Tower when compared to the original design. 

This reduced loading is important when investigating the lateral stability of the 

Tower under seismic conditions. The lateral stability of the Tower is provided by the 

concrete walls that form the central core. Seismic design requirements as specified 

by National and Provincial design codes have increased significantly in recent 

editions, and are currently much more stringent that was the case during the original 

design of the Tower. Increased lateral loading on the Tower structure translates to 

increased loading on vertical structural elements (columns and core walls). Of 

particular concern are the foundation piles. The foundations are the lowest loadbearing 

elements in a structure, and as such vertical loading is compounded to its 

highest degree. Additionally, foundation piles are very difficult to access should any 

reinforcing work be necessary. A preliminary lateral stability analysis of the Tower 

indicates that the increased vertical loads due to seismic loading applied per current 

building codes is offset by the reduction in gravity loading due to revised use and 

occupancy and a lighter building envelope. The only seismic upgrading of the Tower 

structure currently identified would be strengthening the lowest level of the core 

walls, from the basement level to the underside of the main level. This could be 

accomplished by either application of external steel bracing, or placing of an 

additional thickness of concrete adjacent to the existing wall. 

There is potential that the decrease in vertical loading on the Tower structure as 

described below may actually cause the structure to rebound from the soil. This 

would be realized as an upward vertical movement of the structure as load is 

released from the soil at the foundations, and the soil elastically returns toward its 

pre-loading location. The actual extent of this rebound would require further 

investigation at the detailed design phase. However, it is not expected that the 

overall rebound value would be a significant cause for concern. Of more concern 

would be the potential for differential rebound. This may be caused by a non-uniform 

reduction of the loading. This could then cause adjacent structural members to 

move differentially and cause local structural damage. The best way to 

accommodate this would be to conduct a carefully sequenced demolition of heavy 

elements, particularly the existing pre-cast building envelope. The demolition would 

be sequenced such that the reduction in load occurs uniformly across each 

foundation pile. 

The Tower has a structural steel framed mechanical penthouse on the roof level. 

This penthouse could relatively easily be modified or re-constructed to 

accommodate new mechanical equipment installed with the re-purposing of the 

Tower. 

� Block 

The McKimmie Block structure consists of structural steel beam, joist and column 

framing with concrete floor slabs. The current lateral load resisting system of the 

Block consists of rigid frames formed by the beams and columns. The structural 

steel construction will allow for simpler and more cost effective removal and 

replacement of structural members. 

The proposed re-purposing of the Block includes some significant structural 

revisions, including removal of existing stair and elevator shafts and removal of 

some columns to allow for larger classroom areas. 

As discussed above with regards to the Tower, the Block will also be subject to 

higher lateral loads due to seismic events as specified by current codes when 

compared to the original structural design. This will likely require an upgrade to the 

lateral load resisting system. It is proposed that this be accomplished by installation 

of structural steel cross-bracing. This cross-bracing would consist of relatively slim 

steel members, which would have some flexibility in its layout and location. The 

bracing may be placed at the Block’s perimeter, forming part of a new building 

envelope, or placed within interior walls. The interior walls at the large lecture 

theatres and the mechanical shafts are likely locations. 

This upgrade of the existing lateral load resisting system would allow for the removal 

and relocation of elevator and stair shafts, as their lateral stability properties could 

be made redundant. The existing shafts could be infilled with a typical floor slab 

structure to become useable space. 





Generally, columns can not be removed from exisiting buildings as the resultant 

span between remaining columns will increase, often to double the initial span. This 

requires an increased floor beam depth and strength. Additionally, this applies a 

higher load on the remaining columns and foundations. The removal of columns for 

the large classrooms in the Block is made possible by two primary factors. The first 

is the reduction of the design live load on the floor slabs due to use and occupancy. 

Similar to the Tower as discussed previously, the Block was originally designed for a 

relatively high live loading of 8.1 kPa. It is expected that this may be reduced to 4.8 

kPa for academic and student areas. The second factor is that the large classrooms 

will essentially be two stories in height. This would result in the removal of large 

portions of the existing second and third floors. Therefore, the longer spans resulting 

from the removal of some columns are generally offset by the combined reduction in 

live load and floor area. However, removal of the columns will require replacement 

of the floor beams, both to accommodate the increased span and the slope of the 

classroom theatre. From preliminary analysis, this is expected to be either a steel 

beam or truss, approximately one metre in depth. Refer to Figures 

55

8.5 Structural (cont.) 

The removal of columns without increasing the load on other adjacent columns and 

piles would allow for structural revisions to the existing superstructure, without the 

need for work to the existing pile foundations. This will allow the lower levels, and 

large areas of the upper levels to remain untouched, reducing the demolition and 

new construction scopes. 

The proposed new classrooms extending beyond the east face of the Block are a 

significant increase the existing protruding structure. This area would require 

significant new construction, including new pile foundations. However, this work 

would be more easily achieved in this location as it is at the perimeter of the existing 

building, allowing for excavation and drilling without significantly impacting the main 

Block structure. 

Similar to the Tower, the structural steel mechanical penthouse could be relatively 

easily re-constructed to suit new mechanical requirements. 

� Link 

The proposed re-purposing of the McKimmie Library structures includes a 

significantly revised link. The existing two storey, structural steel framed link is 

designed for a 4.8 kPa live load due to use and occupancy on level 2, and for snow 

loading on the roof level. The ground level is a concrete slab-on-grade. This 

configuration does not allow for additional capacity in existing members and 

foundations to be realized by reduction of live loads as was accomplished in the 

Tower and Block structures. Significant additional capacity would be required to 

achieve the proposed vertical expansion of the link to match the height of the Block. 

Therefore, it is likely that the existing link will be removed and reconstructed in its 

entirety, including construction of new pile foundations. Due to the desired 

transparency of the new link, it can be expected that the new construction will 

consist of structural steel, which generally allows for a much lower and slimmer 

profile than concrete. New construction of the link could easily accommodate 

seismic design requirements of current building codes. 

As discussed in the Block above, it is proposed to relocate the elevator currently in 

the interior of the Block to the Link, at the perimeter of the Block. Elevators generally 

require specialized foundations. As foundation work is very difficult within an existing 

building, it was deemed that relocation of the elevator to the link area would allow 

for the necessary foundation to be constructed. 

8.6 Elevators 

Recommended and Required Upgrades 

RECOMMENDED UPGRADES (LOW PRIORITY) - SHORT TERM (24+ months) 

a) Car cab renovations - The elevator cabs of all units appear to be original and 

are in poor to below average condition. Car cab interior renovations will be required 

within the next 2 to 4 years. 

Total cost: $200,000 

Required Upgrades – long term (5-10 years) 

NONE 

Recommended Upgrades (high priority) – short term (1-2 years) 

b) Code compliance - voluntary upgrades - The existing elevators meet the 

applicable code under which they were installed; there are no outstanding 

mandatory retroactive code upgrades required at this time. There are, however, 

several features that the existing elevators do not have that are required on new 

elevators and installation of these devices is optional: 

(1)Hall door retainers and fire gibs; 

(2)Car door restrictors. 

It is recommended that these devices be installed on all elevators where necessary 

to ensure that the highest possible degree of safety is maintained at the site. 

Estimated cost $60,000 (plus taxes) 

Recommended Upgrades - (1-2 years) 

Control and fixture upgrade - Traction Elevators 

The existing control systems for all of the traction elevators is the original openlooped 

VVDC-MG relay logic based system that can be maintainable for the 

foreseeable future. This type of relay logic system is very maintenance intensive. 

Leveling accuracy of elevators with this type of control system can only be 

guaranteed to within +/- 3/4" under normal operating circumstances. The existing 

systems will provide inconsistent leveling as the system ages, regardless of normal 

maintenance routines, and problems will likely worsen as the expertise available in 

the industry to adjust this type of system becomes more and more difficult to source. 

The current dispatching system also utilizes mechanical relays and contact or coil 

failures are very difficult to troubleshoot. 

Plans should be made to upgrade the traction elevator control system to newer 

microprocessor based, closed-loop control systems. This would include replacement 

of controllers, new VVVF motor drives and AC motors, refurbishing of machines, 

installation of auxiliary braking devices, installation of compensating devices and 

load weighers, and replacement of hall and car fixtures with vandal proof barrier free 

compliant devices. 

The benefits of such a modernization would include: guaranteed floor leveling 

accuracy to within 1/4", smooth, step-less acceleration and deceleration, reduction 

in unscheduled shutdowns and malfunctions, reduction in waiting times for hall calls 

by 25 to 50 percent. 

Estimated cost $1,400,000 (plus tax) for all traction units 




Tower 

The budget should be in the range of 450K per unit for a major upgrade, including 

all machine room controllers, refurbishment of gearless machines (or replacement 

with newer AC machines), new fixtures and cab interiors, new door operators, and 

all new wiring per UofC spec. Pricing would include new 3-phase disconnects and 

fire alarm panel tie-in’s. These would be regenerative drives also with potentially a 

good amount of power savings and reduced cooling requirement in machine room. 

To change the elevations of entrances (mechanical raised flooring option), the 

budget would have to be increased 100K per elevator with a minimum to a 

maximum of 200K if the machine room floor would need to be raised also. 

Would have to add approx 3-4 weeks per car for this work add on (total 15-19 week 

per elevator). Pricing would include all new doors and hall entrances and door locks. 

Block 

There is a need to have a minimum of 2 elevators, with one being a minimum of 

2500-3500 lb’s for stretcher capability. May want both elevators close to each other 

So if one is being serviced (or just out of service) the other can fill in. 

Suggestion would be 1-2500 pound passenger traction elevator and 1 - 4000-5000 

pound service traction elevator. 

Budget would be (not incl structure costs). 

2500 lb – 350K - time to install 12-14 weeks 

4000 lb – 400K - time – 13-15 weeks 

5000 lb – 425K - time – 14-16 weeks 


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57

DRAFT CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY ...

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