ROVIGO Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) TERMINAL - Megaproject

ROVIGO LiquefiedNatural Gas (LNG)TERMINALPrepared by: Giorgio Locatelli (University ofLincoln) and Mauro Mancini (Politecnico di Milano)Contacts:Giorgio LocatelliUniversity of LincolnLincoln School of EngineeringBrayford Pool - Lincoln LN6 7TSUnited KingdomPhone;+441522837946glocatelli@lincoln.ac.ukMEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery of Megaprojects in the European Union

ROVIGO LNG TERMINAL (Adriatic LNG)2MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

ROVIGO LNG TERMINAL (Adriatic LNG)GBSStructure3MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

ROVIGO LNG TERMINALLNG carrier near the terminal4MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

More than words…6MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union









SECTION 1 - BASIC PROJECT INFORMATIONProject TitleLocationPurposeLiquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal of Rovigo.15 Km far from the coast of Porto Levante, in the province of Rovigo, in the Adriatic sea. (Adriatic LNG,2011).Regasify 8 billion m 3 of gas per annum, about at the 10% of the Italian gas consumption.ScopeContractualFrameworkRelevantPhysicalDimensionsRealization of the gravity base structure (GBS), all the facilities placed on the top of GBS, the mooringdolphins, the off-shore and the on-shore (Porto Viro – Cavarzere – Minerbio) pipeline to connect theterminal to the national gas distribution.Two EPC contracts with Aker Kvaerner and Snamprogetti (now Saipem). About 1 billion of EuroThe GBS built with 90.000 cubic meters of concrete and 30.000 tons of steel, is long 180 m and high 47m and the most part is under the sea level.The liquefied natural gas is stored in two LNG tanks, with capacity of 125.000 cubic meters everyone,placed into the GBS structure.A first pipeline of 76 cm diameter and 40 km long covers 15 Km of sea floor and then carries on for 25Km onshore.From here the gas is carried by another pipeline (90 cm diameter and 84-km long) to a tie in point withthe national distribution network near Minerbio (BO). (Adriatic LNG, 2011).15MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

SECTION 1 - BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION16MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERSInternalSupply-SideStakeholderCategoryCase-StudyComments(e.g. maturity, previous experiences of stakeholders,skills, influence on project)Client Adriatic LNG Owner and manager of the terminal and the pipeline upto Cavarzere station. The company employs about 125people. (Adriatic LNG, 2011).FinanciersEdison, Qatar Petroleum (QP),ExxonMobil (XOM), ItalianState.Sponsors Edison. It obtained all the necessary authorizations for therealization of the terminal.Client’sCustomersEdison 80%, BP 12,5%, Others8,5% (percentage of the gasproductions).Edison is the holder of the right of allocation and so it hasa contract “take or pay” with RasGas of 25 years ofduration for the utilization of the 80% of the gasprocessed in the terminal. (Quadrino, 2009) and (Deliberan. 91/02).The remaining 20%, available for the other gascompanies, has been assigned according to theprocedures defined by AEEG Authority. The 8,5% isprocessed on demand. (Adriatic LNG, 2011).17MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERSInternalSupply-SideStakeholderCategoryCase-StudyClient’s Owners ExxonMobil 70,7%,Qatar Petroleum22%, Edison 7,3%.CommentsQP and XOM are involved together in other joint venture of LNGterminal. South Hook LNG terminal in UK, Golden Pass LNGterminal in USA. (Qatar Petroleum, 2010).Other internalsupply-sidecategories (please specify)RasGasExxonMobil and QP own also the company RasGas (ExxonMobil,2010) that supply the 80% of the LNG for the terminal.(Quadrino, 2009).DemandSidePrincipalContractorAker Kvaerner forthe LNG terminaland Saipem for thepipeline.Aker Kvaerner is a global oil services company that providesengineering services, technologies, product solutions for the oiland gas industry. It employs about 18500 people. (AkerSolutions, 2011).Saipem is an Italian contractor in the field of infrastructureconstruction and maintenance for the oil industry, withoperations on five continents. It employs about 30000 people.(Saipem, 2012).18MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERSStakeholderCategoryCase-StudyComments(e.g. maturity, previous experiences of stakeholders, skills, influence onproject)AccionaIt built the GBS structure (Serina, 2012). It also undertook all of the ancillaryinstallations for the base camp, including 4500 square meters of offices andother facilities (Acciona, 2008).InternalDemandSideFirst TierContractorsWhessoeDragadosIt provided, with an EPC contract, the engineering and design for LNG tanksand subcontracted the construction. It was responsible for the testing andcommissioning of the tanks after their installation into GBS. (Whessoe,2010).It constructed the top side facilities, and was responsible to theirinstallation and hook up on the GBS structure. (Serina, 2012).Ing. E.MantovaniIt built the Mooring Dolphins at the Arsenale shipyard in Venice (Italia Oggi,2008) and was involved in the pipeline construction (Penolazzi, 2006).Max Streicherand Saipempipeline construction.19MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERSStakeholderCategoryCase-StudyComments(e.g. maturity, previous experiences ofstakeholders, skills, influence on project)Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI)It manufactured and supplied the LNG tanks in sixsections. (Hyundai Heavy Industries, 2006).Second TierConsultantsSiemensIt built the module of electric and instrumentalsystem. (Serina, 2012).InternalDemandSideEmtungaIt supplied the Living quarters module. (Serina,2012).ProfessionalServicesProvidersFagioliIt was responsible for the unload, the transport,the lifting and the positioning of the all modulesand top side facilities on the GBS structure.(Fagioli, 2011).20MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERSStakeholder Category Case-Study CommentsExternalPublic Regulatory Agencies AEEG (Autorità per l’EnergiaElettrica e il gas)Local GovernmentNational GovernmentRegione Veneto, RegioneEmilia Romagna, Provincia diRovigo, Municipalities.Ministero SviluppoEconomico, Ministerodell’Ambiente.AEEG has the functions of regulationand control in the sectors of theelectricity and gas (determination oftariffs and the technical and economicconditions of access andinterconnection to the networks).(AEEG, 2012).Both regions approved and wasfavourable to the projects.The Ministero dell’Ambiente issued theVIA decrees . The Ministero SviluppoEconomico issued the permissions toconstruction.Private Environmentalists Committees environmentalist Tried to stop the construction of theterminal.21MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

Stakeholder Relationship MapsPrivates andbanksQatar StateTransalpinadi EnergiaOwns50%EDFGruppoTassaraFloatingownsownsOwns61,3%Owns19,4%Owns10%Owns9,3%RasGasOwns30%ExxonMobilOwns70%QatarPetroleumOwns70,7% Owns22%Owns7,3%Sell80%EdisonownsownsRasLaffanLNGOthersSupplies80%Supplies20%Adriatic LNGTermi nal + Pipeline(Terminal-Cavarzere)ContractContractSell12,5%Sell8,5%BPOthersEdison StoccaggioPipeline (Cavarzere-Minerbio)ContractConstructionConstructionand installationAker KvaernerTerminalDesign andconstructionConstructionSaipemPipelineConstructionConstructionForeign investors:• Own the plant• Supply the gas• Sell the gasAccionaGBSDragadosTop side facilitiesWhessoeLNG tanksIng. E. MantovaniMooring Dolphinsand PipelineMax StreicherPipelineSupplierSupplierSupplierEmtungaModule of livingquartersSiemensModule ofelectric systemHyundai HeavyIndusriesLNG tanks22MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT External Stakeholder AttitudeAnalysisExternalStakeholderExternal Stakeholder’s Attitude to thisProjectExternal Stakeholder’s Influence onprojectImpact of Project on ExternalStakeholderRegion of VenetoRegion of Emilia-RomagnaIt was favourable to the realization of theterminal and the pipeline in its territory.(Regione Veneto, 2006).It was favourable to the realization of thepipeline in its territory. (Regione Emilia-Romagna, 2003).In the VIA decree of 1999 for theterminal and in 2003 for the pipeline itobtained that it takes great care of theenvironment and its restoration duringthe construction of the terminal andpipeline. (Decreto di VIA, 2003) and(Penolazzi, 2005).In the VIA decree of 2003 for the pipelineit obtained that it takes great care of theenvironment and its restoration duringthe construction of the pipeline.(Decreto di VIA, 2003).Province of RovigoThe Province opposed to the terminal andthe pipeline trying in any way, in thecourtroom, to stop the project. (Chinaglia,2006).It first appealed to the TAR of Lazio andthen turned to the State Council againstthe acts of authorization. It lost in boththe judgements in June 2005 and July2006.(TAR del Lazio, 2005) and (Consiglio diStato, 2006).In February 2008 there wasthe signing of the agreementbetween AdriaticLng, Consvipoand the Province of Rovigothat put an end to the battles.This agreement established aenvironmental compensationfor the territory. (Consvipo,2008).23MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT External Stakeholder AttitudeAnalysis24ExternalStakeholderEnvironmentalistsMunicipalitiesExternal Stakeholder’s Attitude to thisProjectSince 1998 until the entry into operationof the terminal there was the oppositionof the environmentalists and committeesof citizens against the terminal. (Stoppa,2009).the negative effects on the environmentrisks of accidentany benefit on the employment plan andstops the process of tourismdevelopment.In 2006 there was the agreementbetween Edison and the municipalitiesfor the environment compensations. Theoverall amount was 1,2 million euro. Themunicipalities committed to facilitate theexecution of work, releasing permits notincluded into urban conformity required byEdison, and to renounce to legal action. Allthe municipalities expressed theiragreement with resolution of theircouncils. (Comune di Berra, 2006).MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European UnionExternal Stakeholder’s Influence onprojectThe committee Basso-polesanorecoursed to the TAR of Lazio and then tothe State Council against the acts ofauthorization. It lost in both thejudgements in June 2005 and July 2006.(TAR Veneto, 2006).In 2006, some environmental groupsincluding the Committee Basso-polesanoappealed to the TAR of Veneto againstthe acts of authorization and the TAR ofVeneto dismissed this appeal on October2006. (TAR Veneto, 2006).Impact of Project on ExternalStakeholderIn 2006 the municipalities crossed forthe section of pipeline Cavarzere -Minerbio obtained by Edison theenvironmental compensation for theconstraints burdening in theirterritories. The municipalities of theon-shore pipeline section of Porto Viro- Cavarzere (the municipality of PortoViro and Loreo) was compensated,together with Consvipo, by AdriaticLNG after the agreement of20.02.2008. (Consvipo, 2008).

MEGAPROJECT Project ManagementClient Project Team Size &StructureContractor Project TeamSize and StructureSub-Contractor ProjectTeam InvolvementProject Tools and TechniquesPlease √ if present, x if absent , leave blank if unknownLife-Cycle Costing Approaches □ Project Management Software □Lessons Learnt Transfers □Stakeholder Involvement □ Relationship Management Tools □ Team Building Tools □Building Information Modelling (BIM) □ Project Knowledge Management Tools □ Competency framework □Other Tools and Techniques or More InformationMEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European UnionSECTION 3 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT

MEGAPROJECT Project ManagementRisk Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □HR Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □Procurement Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □Integration Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □Scope Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □Time Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □Cost Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □Quality management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □Communications Management ProcessesPresent (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European UnionSECTION 3 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT

MEGAPROJECT Project PerformanceAspects of Performance Concerned with Doing the Project RightPerformance relating to timeYearsComing into operationNov 2000 End 2004Nov 2003 End 2007Apr 2005 End 2008Apr 2007End 2009 (respected)Performance relating to cost• In November 2000 the managers of the then-company Edison Gas (after Edison LNG and now AdriaticLNG) stated that the investment was about 450 million of euro for the terminal. (Il Gazzettino - Cronachedi Rovigo, 2000).• In the resolution of the CIPE of 2001 the investments was estimated in 455,98 million of euro. The nextyear with the second resolution of CIPE the cost increased to 585,519 million of euro.• In the last resolution of CIPE in 2003 the cost of the terminal raised to 615,72 million of euro. (CIPE,2001,2002,2003).• In 2004 the EPC contract awarded was of 900 millions of Dollars (ENR.com, 2008) and some monthsbefore was awarded the FEED and the detailed design for about 70 million of Dollars (Aker Kvarner, 2004).Size increased from 4 billions to 8 billions!27MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT Project PerformanceAspects of Performance Concerned with Doing the Project RightStakeholder orStakeholder GroupingOriginal Aims of Project Involvement and Changesto these AimsAchievement of these AimsProvince of Rovigoand EnvironmentalistStop the project. (Chinaglia, 2006).Lost their battle at the civil court(Consiglio di Stato, 2006) the project hasbeen completed.Region Veneto andEmilia-RomagnaAker KvaernerEdisonQP and ExxonMobilThey asked that the project was less invasive forthe environment and asked for theenvironmental monitoring plan during and afterthe construction. (Decreto di VIA, 2003).Realise the first offshore LNG terminal in theworld to get the know-how for the next projectin this sector.Enter in the new Italian market of the LNG andto have a good price the gas for its customers.Realize LNG terminal in the world to sold theLNG processed in their liquefaction trains and soenter in the regasification business. Ensures apresence in the whole LNG value chain from gasproduction through liquefaction, shipping andLNG regasification. (RasGas, 2011).Their requests was accepted. (Decretodi VIA, 2003).It realized the terminal.80% of the gas processed sold to Edisonfor 25 years. (Quadrino, 2009).The terminal came into operation.The LNG arrive from their liquefactiontrains. (Qatar Petroleum, 2010).28MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT Project EnvironmentLegal and Regulatory EnvironmentLegal andRegulatoryProjectEnvironment(regionally,nationally andEurope wide)The environmental compensations to the municipality and local authorities crossed by the two sections of pipeline was possible because ofthe law of August 23, 2004 article 1 paragraph 5 (Legge, 2004). In the first part of pipeline Porto Viro - Cavarzere owned by Adriatic LNGwith agreement signed in 2008 were compensated municipalities, the Park of Delta and Consvipo (Consvipo, 2008). In the second part ofpipeline from Cavarzere to Minerbio owned by Edison Stoccaggio with the agreement of 2006 were compensated the remainingmunicipalities involved (Comune di Berra, 2006).• Italian and Regional Laws• Ask for the authorizationAnother law impacting on the project was the Article 27, comma 2 of 12.12.2002 n. 273 and the subsequent deliberation n. 91/02 and n.90/03 of AEEG (Autorità per l’Energia Elettrica e il Gas) that acknowledged this law. The resolution 91/02 of the AEEG established thecondition to the priority access for the new LNG terminal in Italy. This is an important decision that allows to the companies of the sectorto have rules to make•investmentModifydecisions. Thethemain rulesprojectof this resolutionasestablishmuchthat is allocatedasthe priority access to the companiesthat fund the construction of the new terminals in Italy. To this companies is reserved the 80% of the terminal capacity for 20 years fromthe start-up of the plant. The tariffspossibleis traded with thetoownersatisfyof the plant. Theastariffsmanymust be communicated to the authority (AEEG) thatpublishes them. (Delibera n. 91/02).stakeholders in possibleOn 23.05.2000 was enacted the legislative decree n.164/2000 about the liberalization of the internal market of natural gas in Italy, crucialfor the future construction of terminals by private companies. (Legge, 2000).The liberalization of the gas market• Obtainbegan at Europeanthelevel byauthorizationDirective 98/30, then updated and replaced by 2003/55 that pursued theobjective of creating a single European market free and competitive. In Italy, the opening to the free competition began with the legislativedecree 164/2000. The Italian gas market since its inception has been characterized by vertically integrated monopoly of ENI, with theexception of the distribution, where, although the leader was Italgas, a subsidiary of ENI, the market shares have always been veryfragmented. When the decree (164/2000) opened the market to competition, he did so by focusing on Upstream chain, going to affectdirectly the existing monopoly. The monopoly of ENI was then hit by placing a double cap. From 01.01.2002, in fact, no company couldclaim a share of gas supply in Italy (production + imports) over 75% of total consumption (excluding own consumption). This roof wasreduced by 2% every year to get to the limit of 61% in 2009 and 2010. Furthermore, no company can sell to end users more than 50%.(AmbienteDiritto, 2004) and (Legge, 2000).Specific Legaland Regulatoryeventsimpacting onthe projectThe declaration of public utility and urgency for the pipeline Porto Viro - Cavarzere - Minerbio , with legislative decree no.190 of 2002, ofthe works allows the realization and operation of strategic infrastructure for energy supply and all the activities envisaged in the approvedproject. It is issued with the agreement State-Regions about the location. Local authorities provide to the necessary safeguards for theareas involved and the related range of respect. The project will then have to obtain the decree of environmental compatibility. So themain thing is that the local authority have not the power to stop the realization of the project. (Legge, 2002).29MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

Political EnvironmentPolitical ProjectEnvironmentSpecific Political Eventsimpacting on theprojectEconomic ProjectEnvironment• In Italy about 92.5% of gas consumption comes from foreign countries.• The construction of new LNG terminals is strategic choice and allows Italy to diversifyits sources• Italy thus would decrease its heavy dependence on Russia.In January 2006 and 2009 there was the crisis between Russia and Ukraine, which alsoaffected Europe and Italy since the gas arriving from Russia passes for 80% through theUkrainian territory to which Russia pays transit fees.The Comitato interministeriale per la programmazione economica, CIPE, establishes theaddress to the national economic policy and the general guidelines for the elaboration ofthe national economic program.The CIPE in 2001 (resolution no. 41 of 2001) with its resolution authorized the stipulationof the program contract between the Ministero del Tesoro, and the then-company EdisonGas regarding the investment for the construction of an off-shore terminal.The incentives were calculated based on the costs of industrial investment and industrialresearch activities.30MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT Project Key Events andActivities Timeline 2006 -2009Events and activities relating toproject stakeholdersDec 1999 VIA decree for the Terminal withregasification capacity of 4 billionm 3 per year after the favorableopinion of the Region of Veneto(Decreto di VIA, 1999).May 2000Mar 2002Events and activities relatingto project managementEvents and activities relatingto project performanceEvents and activities relating toproject environmentThe legislative decreen.164/2000 about theliberalization of the internalmarket of natural gas in Italy,crucial for the futureconstruction of terminals byprivate companies. (Legge,2000).The declaration of public utilityfor the pipeline Porto Viro -Cavarzere – Minerbio.(Penolazzi, 2005).Dec 2002 The law n. 273, article 27,comma 2 (Articolo 27 comma 2)and the subsequent deliberationn. 91/02 and n. 90/03 of AEEG(Delibera n. 91/02).Mar 2003 Region Veneto (Decreto di VIA,2003) and Region Emilia-Romagna(Regione Emilia-Romagna, 2003)expressed favourable opinion for thepipeline.31MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT Project Key Events andActivities Timeline 2006 -2009Events and activities relating to projectstakeholdersOct 2003 VIA decree for the Pipeline. (Decreto diVIA, 2003).Nov 2003Nov 2003 QP and ExxonMobil agree toparticipate in the development of theTerminal with Edison. (RasGas, 2011).Summer2004Jul 2004Oct 2004 VIA decree for the increase of theterminal regasification capacity from 4 to8 billion m 3 per year. (Penolazzi, 2005).May 2005 Set up of Adriatic LNG By Edison, QPand ExxonMobil. (RasGas, 2005).Events and activities relating toproject managementAker Kvaerner was awarded bya EPC contract for therealization of the terminal.(ENR.com, 2008).In July 2004 was awardedSnamprogetti (now Saipem)for the realization of the twosection of pipeline. (EdisonStoccaggio, 2012).Events and activitiesrelating to projectperformanceEvents and activities relating toproject environmentThe CIPE issued a third and lastresolution. The decreeestablished a contribution toEdison LNG for the workamounted to 66,57 million ofeuro. (CIPE, 2001,2002,2003).32MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT Project Key Events andActivities Timeline 2006 -2009May 2005Events and activities relating to projectstakeholdersJun 2005 The Province of Rovigo (TAR del Lazio, 2005)and the Environmentalists (TAR Veneto, 2006)lost the cases at the Tar of Lazio.Sep 2005Jan 2006Jul 2006 The Province of Rovigo (Consiglio di Stato, 2006)and the environmentalists (TAR Veneto, 2006)lost the cases at the State Council.Aug 2006 The municipalities of the section of pipelineCavarzere -Minerbio obtained by Edison theenvironmental compensation. (Comune di Berra,2006).Events andprojectmanagementEvents and activitiesrelating to projectperformanceConstruction start of theterminal at the dry dockof Algeciras in Spain.(Adriatic LNG, 2011).Construction start of thepipeline Terminal –Cavarzere. (Penolazzi,2006).Events and activities relating to projectenvironmentCrisis between Russia and Ukraine,which also affected Europe and Italysince the gas arriving from Russiapasses for 80% through theUkrainian territory. The Europeangas companies reported a drop inpressure in the pipelines of itsnational network. (Croce, 2011).33MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT Project Key Events andActivities Timeline 2006 -2009Events and activities relating toproject stakeholdersEvents andprojectmanagementEvents and activities relating to projectperformanceOct 2006 Construction start of the Pipeline Cavarzere –Minerbio. (Edison Stoccaggio, 2012).Feb 2008 The municipalities of the pipelinesection Porto Viro - Cavarzere wascompensated, together withConsvipo, by Adriatic LNG.(Consvipo, 2008).Mar 2008Construction end of the terminal at the drydock of Algeciras in Spain. (Fagioli, 2011).Mar 2008 Construction end of the pipeline Cavarzere –Minerbio. (Edison Stoccaggio, 2012).May 2008Probable construction end of the pipelineTerminal – Cavarzere.Sep 2008The terminal arrived in the Adriatic Sea. Then itwas ballasted, connected to the pipeline andthere was the installation of the mooringdolphins. (Adriatic LNG, 2011).Jan 2009Aug 2009Started the commissioning with the mooringof the first LNG carrier. (Esso, 2010).Oct 2009 Inauguration of the terminal. (Esso, 2010).Events and activities relating toproject environmentNew Crisis between Russia andUkraine. There was a new stopflow of gas to Europe. (IlGiornale.it, 2009).34MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

MEGAPROJECT Project Key Events• Feasibility study: 1998• Project final approval: 2003• Start of GBS construction: 2005• Module installation engineering: from beginning 2005• LNG Tanks arrival on site: December 2006• LNG Tanks installation: January – May 2007• Modules installation: July2007 – May 2008• Basin flooding: 20 th May 2008• GBS sailaway: 30 th August 2008• Sailing duration: 15days• GBS in final position on Adriatic sea bed:18 th September 200835MEGAPROJECT: The Effective Design and Delivery ofMegaprojects in the European Union

ROVIGO Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) TERMINAL - Megaproject

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