australian journal of advanced nursing

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two occasions, results were not normally distributed due to small sample sizes, so the non‑parametric Mann‑Whitney U‑test was used as an alternative. Alpha was set at 0.05, but to compensate for the effects of multiple comparisons and the possibility of Type 1 error, Ottenbacher’s percentage error rate (Ottenbacher 1988) was calculated. Out of a total of 206 individual comparisons, 27 significant results were generated; application of Ottenbacher’s equation, 100C/M (where C = the total number of comparisons and M = the number of significant results), indicated 38% (or ten) of the significant results would have occurred by chance. Adjusting α to 0.03 eliminated eight results (29.6%), while adjusting α to 0.02 eliminated 14 results (52%); to maintain statistical rigour, the more conservative adjusted α of 0.02 was chosen. FINDINGS Resident Characteristics Table 2 lists the sample characteristics in regards to gender, care level, living space and length of stay. The gender distribution was similar to the national residential care population. Nationally, men constitute 28.8% of aged care facility residents (AIHW 2008), while in this sample, 27.6% of the group were male. However, the proportion of high care residents (36.8%) was markedly lower than the national figure of 70% (AIHW 2008). This is likely because of the need to recruit residents with adequate cognitive and communication abilities, fewer of whom would be categorised as high care. Just over half the sample resided in private spaces (i.e. private room and ensuite or shared with spouse only); this reflects the mix of facilities in the sample, two of which were older buildings, containing more shared facilities. More recent trends in residential care design have tended to favour private rooms and bathrooms. Nearly three‑quarters of the residents had resided in their facility for five years or less and at least one in four had resided in their facility for less than a year. The AIHW (2008) found similar figures, with 53% of residents in 2007 having resided in an aged care facility for one to five years and 26% for one year or less. RESEARCH PAPER Table 2: Descriptive Statistics - Resident Gender, Care Level, Living Space and Length of Stay (N=107) Gender Care Level Living Space (N=81, 26 missing) Length of Stay Count (%) Female 76 (72.4%) Male 29 (27.6%) High Care 39 (36.8%) Low Care 67 (63.2%) Private 48 (59.3%) Shared 33 (40.7%) Under 1 year 27 (25.2%) 1 – 5 years 60 (56.1%) Over 5 years 20 (18.7%) The sample had a median age of 83 years (range: 66 to 98 years), also similar to the national figures, whereby in 2007 more than half (54%) of the Australian residential aged care population was 85 or older (AIHW 2008). WHOQOL-100 Domain Scores Mean domain scores (0‑100 scale) are shown in Figure 1. Participants’ lowest scores were in the independence domain (mean 52.7) and their highest in the environment domain (mean 72.1). The profile reflects moderate QoL in each of the domains except for independence and spirituality, for which slightly lower scores were recorded. Figure 1: WHOQOL Domain Scores (0-100 Scale) AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 26 Number 4 53 mean score 100 80 60 40 20 0 physical psychological independence The unconverted means of all domains, including overall QoL and general health, were compared to community means from the WHOQOL Australian field test (Murphy et al 2000) (Table 3); note these scores social environment spiritual
are from a possible range of 4‑20. The differences between mean scores for both groups were not statistically significant in the domains of overall QoL and general health, psychological health or social relationships. However, the residential care group’s mean score for independence was nearly four points lower than the WHOQOL field test sample, which was highly significant (t 380 =10.38, p
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June - August 2009 Volume 26 Number
Page 3 and 4: AJAN australian journal of advanced
Page 5 and 6: Health and the Global Financial Cri
Page 7 and 8: RESEARCH PAPER Living the experienc
Page 9 and 10: such as, ‘tell me how you felt wh
Page 11 and 12: more from it, to be able to cope wi
Page 13 and 14: aware that how they responded to th
Page 15 and 16: RESEARCH PAPER Verbal, physical and
Page 17 and 18: Abuse is a universal problem, which
Page 19 and 20: In the study, children working on t
Page 21 and 22: 2009; Ali 2004; Baybuga 2002; Hadi
Page 23 and 24: the street. The harsh conditions un
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION The concept of the sho
Page 27 and 28: statistically significant with a p
Page 29 and 30: REFERENCES Abenhaim, H.A., Kahn, S.
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION The concept of ‘spir
Page 33 and 34: Table 1: Characteristics of partici
Page 35 and 36: Spirituality propelled people into
Page 37 and 38: Predictors of nurses’ commitment
Page 39 and 40: care settings resulting in a major
Page 41 and 42: facilities were around eight hundre
Page 43 and 44: positively correlated with organisa
Page 45 and 46: commitment and job satisfaction, pe
Page 47 and 48: REFERENCES Al‑Aameri, A.S. 2000.
Page 49 and 50: Wasti, S.A. 2002. Affective and con
Page 51 and 52: INTRODUCTION Monitoring quality of
Page 53: Presence of a clinical problem in a
Page 57 and 58: Limitations There were a number of
Page 59 and 60: Basic life support knowledge of und
Page 61 and 62: students enrolled in the undergradu
Page 63 and 64: different groups of health professi
Page 65 and 66: SCHOLARLY PAPER Nurse practitioners
Page 67 and 68: area health services failing to see
Page 69 and 70: close contact with a senior medical
Page 71 and 72: E-portfolios: developing nurse prac
Page 73 and 74: the candidate’s current role. Thi
Page 75 and 76: of the NP role and planning future
Page 77 and 78: Driessen, E., van der Vleuten, C.,
Page 79 and 80: INTRODUCTION Lifestyle behaviours h
Page 81 and 82: one couple thought it would not and
Page 83 and 84: Although four couples said that it
Page 85 and 86: state of mind and have suitable res
Page 87 and 88: Section 2 - Factors that may influe
Page 89 and 90: INTRODUCTION Pressure ulcers have t
Page 91 and 92: Song and Choi scale The Song and Ch
Page 93 and 94: study of a cardiac surgical unit an
Page 95: O’ Connell, B. and Myers, H. 2002
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