Beginning Java EE 6 with GlassFish 3, Second Edition

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CHAPTER 1 ■ JAVA EE 6 AT A GLANCEGlassFish v3.0.1While a fairly new application server, GlassFish is already used by a large number of developers andcorporations. Not only is it the Reference Implementation (RI) for the Java EE technology, it is also whatyou get when downloading the Java EE SDK. You can also deploy critical production applications on theGlassFish application server. Besides being a product, GlassFish is also a community that has gatheredaround the open source code and lives on http://glassfish.org. The community is quite responsive onmailing lists and forums.A Bit of HistoryThe origins of GlassFish take us back to the early Tomcat days when Sun and the JServ group donatedthis technology to Apache. Ever since, Sun has been reusing Tomcat in its various products. In 2005, Suncreated the GlassFish project. The initial main goal was to produce a fully certified Java EE applicationserver. GlassFish version 1.0 shipped in May 2006. At its core, the web container part of GlassFish has alot of Tomcat heritage (in fact, an application running on Tomcat should run unmodified on GlassFish).GlassFish v2 was released in September 2007 and has since had several updates. This is the mostwidely deployed version to date. GlassFish tends to be pretty good at maintaining the same userexperience across major releases, not breaking code nor changing developers’ habits. Also, there is noquality difference between the “community” and “supported” versions of GlassFish. While payingcustomers have access to patches and additional monitoring tools (GlassFish Enterprise Manager), theopen source version available from http://glassfish.org and the supported version available fromhttp://www.oracle.com/goto/glassfish have undergone the same amount of testing, making it easy toswitch to a supported version at any time in the project cycle.In March 2010, soon after the acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle, a roadmap for thecommunity was published with version 3.0.1, and 3.1, 3.2 and 4.0 planned for the next few years andclustering being brought back into the 3.1 version (it was not initially in the 3.0 release, which had fullJava EE 6 support and modularity as higher priorities).For the purpose of this book, I’ll be using GlassFish Open Source Edition 3.0.1 which shipped inJune 2010 and the first release of the “Oracle era.” The main goals of GlassFish 3 are modularization ofthe core features with the introduction of an OSGi-based kernel and full support for Java EE 6. A numberof developer-friendly features such as fast startup time and session preservation across redeploymentsare also part of this release.■ Note The GlassFish team has put a tremendous effort toward having rich and up-to-date documentation,making available many different guides: Quick Start Guide, Installation Guide, Administration Guide, AdministrationReference, Application Deployment Guide, Developer’s Guide, and more. Check them out athttp://glassfish.org/docs. Also check the FAQs, how-tos, and the GlassFish forum for more information.GlassFish v3 ArchitectureAs an application programmer (and not one of the GlassFish developers), you do not need to understandthe internal architecture of GlassFish v3, but you might be interested in the main architectural choicesand guiding principles. Being built on a modular kernel powered by OSGi, GlassFish ships and runs34
CHAPTER 1 ■ JAVA EE 6 AT A GLANCEstraight on top of the Apache Felix implementation. It also runs with Equinox or Knopflerfish OSGiruntimes. HK2 (the Hundred-Kilobyte Kernel) abstracts the OSGi module system to providecomponents, which can also be viewed as services. Such services can be discovered and injected atruntime. OSGi is not exposed to Java EE developers for the time being but it is quite possible to injectOSGi Declarative Services into Java EE components using the standard @Resource annotation.■ Note OSGi is a standard for dynamic component management and discovery. Applications or components canbe remotely installed, started, stopped, updated, and uninstalled without requiring a reboot. Components can alsodetect the addition or removal of new services dynamically and adapt accordingly. Apache Felix, Equinox, andKnopflerfish are OSGi implementations.This modularity and extensibility is how GlassFish v3 can grow from a simple web server listening toadministrative commands to a more capable runtime by simply deploying artifacts such as war files (aweb container is loaded and started, and the application deployed) or EJB jar files (which willdynamically load and start the EJB container). Additionally, the bare-bones server starts in just a fewseconds (less than 5 seconds on reasonably modern hardware), and you only pay for what you use interms of startup time and memory consumption. Starting the web container on the fly takes about 3more seconds, and deployments are often less than 1 second. This all makes GlassFish v3 a verydeveloper-friendly environment.No matter how many modules GlassFish v3 dynamically loads, the administration console, thecommand-line interface, and the centralized configuration file are all extensible, and each remainsunique. Also worth mentioning is the Grizzly framework, which started out as a nonblocking, I/O-basedHTTP server to become one of the key elements in GlassFish as shown in Figure 1-15.Figure 1-15. GlassFish v3 architecture35
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The EXPERT’s VOIce ® in Java tm
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Beginning Java EE 6 Platform with G
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Contents at a Glance■Foreword ...
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■ CONTENTSSummary ...............
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Page 20 and 21: About the Author■ Antonio Goncalv
Page 22 and 23: AcknowledgmentsWriting a book about
Page 24 and 25: ■ PREFACECONTENTSChapter 1 briefl
Page 27 and 28: C H A P T E R 1■ ■ ■Java EE 6
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CHAPTER 3 ■ OBJECT-RELATIONAL MAP
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C H A P T E R 4■ ■ ■Managing
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MANAGING PERSISTENT O
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C H A P T E R 5■ ■ ■Callbacks
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CHAPTER 5 ■ CALLBACKS AND LISTENE
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CHAPTER 6 ■ ENTERPRISE JAVA BEANS
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C H A P T E R 7■ ■ ■Session B
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CHAPTER 7 ■ SESSION BEANS AND THE
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C H A P T E R 8■ ■ ■Callbacks
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CHAPTER 8 ■ CALLBACKS AND INTERCE
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C H A P T E R 9■ ■ ■Transacti
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CHAPTER 9 ■ TRANSACTIONS AND SECU
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C H A P T E R 11■ ■ ■Pages an
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CHAPTER 11 ■ PAGES AND COMPONENTS
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CHAPTER 12 ■ PROCESSING AND NAVIG
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CHAPTER 13 ■ SENDING MESSAGESFigu
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CHAPTER 13 ■ SENDING MESSAGESJava
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CHAPTER 15 ■ RESTFUL WEB SERVICES
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