Procedures for forest experiments and demonstration plots - Valbro

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320 330 340 Exterior wood quality: the positives • No forking < 6 metres • High natural pruning • Vertical (no tilting) • Straight (no bending) • No epicormics • No or little transverse bending (sinousity) • No or little spiral grain • Regular spatial distribution 310 10 Eight exterior wood quality variables • Vertical (no tilt) • Straight (no bend) • No forking < 6 metres • High natural pruning • No epicormics • No or little transverse bending (sinousity) • No or little spiral grain Data recording and processing Notebook Loose paper sheets – minimum requirements, provide examples Electronic data recording by entering data manually to field pc Direct electronic data recording to field pc Keeping track of individual instruments in case of errors relating to these Data quality control, in the field and subsequently Note the name of measuring crew When to measure and remeasure - Tilt at 6.0 m + direction Bend: 1.3 + 3.0 m + (0,1,2) Height to lowest fork Height to lower live branch No of epicormics < 6 m Present = 1, Absent = 0 + OS tree: dist + dir Establishment report Always make an establishment report including relevant information on research or demonstration objectives, location of experiment, statistical design, plot lay-out, plot demarcations, site conditions (climate, topography, soil), initial stand conditions, treatment specifications, measurement programme (three levels, depending on funding), status of experiment depending on funding, agreement on conditions for conduct of experiment signed by all partners involved (research institution, land owner, forest authority and other relevant partners). – Including photographs. Administration Databases of forestry experiments (example: NOLTFOX, http://noltfox.metla.fi/). Priorities of experiments (institutional or otherwise) Searchable database of experiments and demo-plots at regional, national or super-national level, for example in the context of a forest owners' association, a regional forest authority, a national forest service or a group of countries. Costs Generally, initial costs for planning and establishing an experiment are considerably higher than costs of remeasurement and maintenance. Overview of costs on a relative scale (rule-of-thumb, excluding travelling cost): Plot installment costs 100 Once Initial meauserement 100 Once
350 360 370 380 390 Re-measurement 50 At regular, short intervals Plot maintenance 50 At regular, long intervals Final measurement 75 Once Plot maintenance Here we need lots of paint and students Regular reappraisal of experiments and demonstration plots Research priorities Experiment priorities Measurement programmes depending on funding Special considerations depending on research or demonstration objective What do we do about valuable broadleaves? Can we define a standardized procedure for sparsely admixed trees, for example based on circular plots with a size depending on the size of the target tree? – Single-tree plots. Chronosequences and growth series (Wuchsreihe – Assmann; single-tree gowth series - Spiecker). Information to the public ? Intellectual property rights Continuity – in funding (diferent funding scenarios), in objectives, in working methods, experimental infrastucture (who is doing what) ----- etc. Replicability – persuading, but all forestry acitivities will be (more or less) situational The notion of covariates vs. replicability Catalogue of irregularities Other items Can we make a simple check-list for general use? This would be very valuable. We should make a brief guideline, including site assessment and spread-sheet for measurements, for use by forestry practice, simple research plots and inexperienced scientists. Publish interesting results Literature: Alder, D. & T.J. Synnott 1992: Permanent sample plot techniques for mixed tropical forest. Oxford Forestry Institute, Tropical Forestry Papers, vol. 25. XI + 124 pp. Avery, T.E. & H.E. Burkhart 2002: Forest Measurements. McGrawHill. 5th ed. XXIII + 456 pp. Bitterlich, W. 1984: The Relascope Idea. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. XIV + 242 pp. Condit, R. 1998: Tropical forest census plots. Spinger. 211 pp. Fabricius, L., A. Oudin & W.H. Guillebaud 1936: Outlines for permanent sample plot investigations. International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Oxford University Press. 32 pp. Ganghofer, A. (ed.) 1881: Das Forstliche Versuchswesen, Vol. 1. Augsburg. 504 pp. Husch, B., T.W. Beers & J.A. Kershaw 2003: Forest Mensuration. Wiley. 4th ed. 456 pp. 11
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