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Flow structures, such as current ripple marks and cross-bedding, result from the manner in which the sandy sediments are transported and laid down by water currents. Graded bedding develops when water currents that carry a large suspended sediment load containing a range of grain sizes are slowed. This results in the coarser, heavier particles being deposited first, followed by the finer, lighter particles. Thus, the beds show a gradual change in grain size from coarse at the base to fine at the top without any abrupt boundaries. 5) Observe the weathering characteristics of the different rock types. Consider the reasons for any observed differences in weathering patterns between the various grain sizes and rock structures. 6) Try to identify fossils in the finer-grained rocks, such as the well-graded siltstones. However, do not break or damage the rock surfaces, but leave the evidence for future generations to observe and enjoy. Comments Many different types of fossils have been discovered in the Devonian rocks along the Tolo Channel. Fossils provide evidence not only of the age of the sedimentary strata, but also offer reliable indications of the depositional environments that existed in Hong Kong during the Devonian period. On the northern shore of the Tolo Channel, the Bluff Head Formation comprises mainly sandstones, siltstones and conglomerates. Although the lower and upper units of the succession show only limited variation in rock types, the fossil assemblages span the entire period from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils such as bivalves, ostracoda and estheria, within the lower unit of the Formation, indicate a deltaic, estuarine or nearshore shallow marine depositional environment in the Early to Middle Devonian. Fossils of primitive ferns in the upper unit indicate a marked change in the depositional environment from the earlier marine conditions to terrestrial (land) conditions in the Late Devonian. References Allen, P. M. & Stephens, E. A. 1971. Report on the Geological Survey of Hong Kong. Government Printer, 107 p. plus 2 maps. 13
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guangdong Province (BGMRGP) 1988. Regional geology of Guangdong Province. Geological Memoirs Series, v. 1, 941 p. Lee, C.M., Chan, K.W. & Ho, K.H. 1997. Palaeontology and stratigraphy of Hong Kong, Volume 1. Science Press, Beijing, 206 p. plus 57 plates (In Chinese). Lee, C.M., Chan, K.W. & Ho, K.H. 1998. Palaeontology and stratigraphy of Hong Kong, Volume 2. Science Press, Beijing, 242 p. plus 81 plates (In Chinese). Sewell, R.J., Campbell, S.D.G., Fletcher, C.J.N., Lai, K.W. & Kirk, P.A. 2000. The Pre-Quaternary Geology of Hong Kong. Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, The Government of the Hong Kong SAR, 181 p. Williams, M.Y. 1943. The stratigraphy and palaeontology of Hong Kong and the New Territories. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada Third Series, v. 37, sect. IV, pp.93-117. 14
Page 1 and 2: Hong Kong Geology Guide Book
Page 3 and 4: Hong Kong Geology Guide Book Geotec
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD Despite having a relativel
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Page Preface 1 Fo
Page 9 and 10: 21. Power of Weathering - Erosion T
Page 11 and 12: Plover Cove Reservoir, Northeast Ne
Page 13 and 14: Outline of the Geology Geological M
Page 15: Conglomerate overlying horizontally
Page 19 and 20: How to Get There The Permian sedime
Page 21 and 22: Guide to Field Observations Because
Page 23 and 24: Comments Outcrops of Permian rocks
Page 25 and 26: Kau San Tei, Tai O, Lantau Island I
Page 27 and 28: ock make up 95% of the Formation. I
Page 29 and 30: Sediments infilling a groove - tran
Page 31 and 32: Lai Chi Chong, East New Territories
Page 33 and 34: Footpath from Pak Sha O to Lai Chi
Page 35 and 36: Guide to Field Observations The opt
Page 37 and 38: Newsletter, v. 4, pp 1-4. Sewell, R
Page 39 and 40: Outline of the Geology Exposures of
Page 41 and 42: Formation Rock Type Depositional En
Page 43 and 44: East Ping Chau, Eastern New Territo
Page 45 and 46: The dolomitic siltstone, particular
Page 47 and 48: Study of the rock outcrops, particu
Page 49 and 50: Tai Shek Mo, Lo Wu, Northern Territ
Page 51 and 52: contact with the Jurassic Tai Mo Sh
Page 53 and 54: Comments In addition to extensive e
Page 55 and 56: Tsing Shan Monastery, Tuen Mun, Wes
Page 57 and 58: Ling Tao Monastery is best reached
Page 59 and 60: and may have been formed by small-s
Page 61 and 62: these outcrops stand out prominentl
Page 63 and 64: References Rock cores with marble c
Page 65 and 66: Ho Tin Tsuen Service Reservoir, Tue
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Brecciated andesite near Tuen Mun N
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contains very few brecciated clasts
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Shek Lung Kung, Tsuen Wan Chapter 1
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with some quartzite or chert debris
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Comments The Repulse Bay Formation,
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Tai Mo Shan, New Territories Introd
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and quartz, with minor biotite mica
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taken on rock outcrops, and not on
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Nei Lak Shan, Ngong Ping, Lantau Is
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which crop out on the lower part of
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are represented by faults, which su
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Silverstrand Bay / HKUST, Sai Kung,
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Welded tuff, eastern side of Silver
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Comments During the geological surv
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Cape Collinson Road, Siu Sai Wan, H
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Tuff-breccia (1) Tuff-breccia (2) T
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References Allen, P. M. & Stephens,
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Outline of the Geology Access to Lu
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Water Bay Formation, Kau Sai Chau V
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pp 1053-1066. Sewell, R.J., Campbel
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Outline of the Geology Access to th
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1) At the base of many of the rock
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plus 14 plates & 3 maps. Fisher, R.
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lapilli crystal tuff of the Jurassi
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Mafic dyke with xenoliths of quartz
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Evolution of a headland, and the fo
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Sham Shui Kok, Lantau Introduction
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Geological map of Sham Shui Kok (fr
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within the feldsparphyric rhyolite,
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Sketch of Phase II dykes at Penny
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Li, X.C., Sewell, R.J. & Fletcher,
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How to Get There Buses from Tung Ch
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Joint pattern in Tong Fuk Quartz Mo
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and the Lion Rock Suite. A total of
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How to Get There The type locality
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Pegmatite vein formed in the pluton
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References Allen, P. M. & Stephens,
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in the properties and appearance of
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emains of weathering profiles becom
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piping, rilling and gullying. Hong
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pace for about half an hour. Pyrami
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Stacked stones covering a valley Er
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“Broken tortoise head” should b
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Lam Tsuen Valley, Tai Po, New Terri
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Outline of the Geology The Lam Tsue
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(Looking southwestward toward Lam T
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References Addison, R. 1986. Geolog
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Sha Tin, Ma On Shan, East New Terri
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silicon and aluminium selectively t
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open mining platform, which is loca
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Appendix I Outline History and Geol
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500 m in a NE-SW orientation at an
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haulage drive at the 110 m level. T
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Current condition of Ma On Shan min
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Mineral Origin and Occurrence Hardn
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Mineral Origin and Occurrence Hardn
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