Children with Disabilities

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CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................. iiFOREWORDAnthony Lake, Executive Director, UNICEF............................... iiiCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION................................................................. 1From exclusion to inclusion......................................................... 1On the numbers............................................................................. 3A framework for action................................................................ 3CHAPTER 2FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION.................... 11Changing attitudes...................................................................... 12It’s about ability........................................................................... 13Supporting children and their families..................................... 13Community-based rehabilitation............................................... 16Assistive technology................................................................... 18Universal design.......................................................................... 18CHAPTER 3A STRONG FOUNDATION....................................... 23Inclusive health............................................................................ 23Immunization............................................................................... 23Nutrition....................................................................................... 24Water, sanitation and hygiene.................................................... 25Sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS......................... 26Early detection and intervention................................................ 26Inclusive education..................................................................... 27Starting early............................................................................... 29Working with teachers................................................................ 32Involving parents, communities and children ......................... 33Lines of responsibility................................................................. 36CHAPTER 4ESSENTIALS OF PROTECTION............................ 41Abuse and violence..................................................................... 41Institutions and inappropriate care........................................... 42Inclusive justice........................................................................... 43CHAPTER 5HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE................................ 49CHAPTER 6MEASURING CHILD DISABILITY........................ 63Evolving definitions.................................................................... 63Putting disability in context ...................................................... 64Data collection............................................................................. 65Questionnaire design.................................................................. 66Purpose and consequences........................................................ 67A way forward............................................................................. 68CHAPTER 7AN AGENDA FOR ACTION..................................... 75Ratify and implement the Conventions.................................... 75Fight discrimination.................................................................... 75Dismantle barriers to inclusion.................................................. 77End institutionalization.............................................................. 80Support families.......................................................................... 81Move beyond minimum standards........................................... 81Coordinate services to support the child................................. 81Involve children with disabilities in making decisions............ 84Global promise, local test.......................................................... 85ivTHE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities
FOCUSViolence against children with disabilities............................... 44Risk, resilience and inclusive humanitarian action.................. 52Explosive remnants of war........................................................ 54Lessons learned........................................................................... 69From screening to assessment.................................................. 70PERSPECTIVEFrom pioneer to advocate for inclusionNancy Maguire.............................................................................. 4Living with albinism, discrimination and superstitionMichael Hosea............................................................................... 6I want good memoriesNicolae Poraico.............................................................................. 8For deaf young people, language is the keyKrishneer Sen.............................................................................. 20My son HanifMohammad Absar ...................................................................... 30The new normalClaire Halford............................................................................... 34Adjusting, adapting and empoweringYahia J. Elziq................................................................................ 38Segregation and abuse in institutionsEric Rosenthal and Laurie Ahern............................................... 46One bite of the elephant at a timeChaeli Mycroft.............................................................................. 60From invisibility to inclusion forindigenous children with disabilitiesOlga Montufar Contreras............................................................ 72Open the doors to education – and employmentIvory Duncan................................................................................ 78End the ‘book famine’ with bettertechnology, attitudes and copyright lawKartik Sawhney............................................................................ 82Children with disabilities anduniversal human rightsLenín Voltaire Moreno Garcés.................................................... 86Additional Focus and Perspective essays are available online at.FIGURESEstimated rates of primary schoolcompletion........................ 12Community-based rehabilitation............................................... 16Assistive technology products................................................... 19Children with disabilities and secondary education............... 42Last to benefit.............................................................................. 43Child casualties in countries heavily affected bymines and explosive remnants of war, 2011............................ 56Child casualties in the most affectedcountries (1999–2011)................................................................. 57Child casualties by type of explosive........................................ 59Four case studies: Percentage of populationreporting some form of disability.............................................. 64Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilitiesand Optional Protocol: Signatures and ratifications............... 76REFERENCES........................................................................ 88STATISTICAL TABLES................................................. 93Overview...................................................................................... 94Under-five mortality rankings.................................................... 99Table 1. Basic indicators........................................................... 100Table 2. Nutrition....................................................................... 104Table 3. Health........................................................................... 108Table 4. HIV/AIDS...................................................................... 112Table 5. Education..................................................................... 116Table 6. Demographic indicators............................................. 120Table 7. Economic indicators................................................... 124Table 8. Women......................................................................... 128Table 9. Child protection........................................................... 132Table 10. The rate of progress................................................. 136Table 11. Adolescents............................................................... 140Table 12. Disparities by residence........................................... 144Table 13. Disparities by household wealth............................. 148Table 14. Early childhood development.................................. 152A NOTE ON TERMSConventions, optional protocols, signatures andratifications................................................................................ 154v
Page 1 and 2: THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
Page 3 and 4: THE STATE OF THEWORLD’S CHILDREN
Page 5: FOREWORDIs there a child who does n
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONReports such a
Page 11 and 12: Under the Convention on the Rights
Page 13 and 14: People with disabilities are becomi
Page 15 and 16: Education is the key to stopping th
Page 17 and 18: (continued from p. 3)the right to e
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 2FUNDAMENTALS OFINCLUSIONAd
Page 21 and 22: hierarchy and traditional expectati
Page 23 and 24: to education and health-care servic
Page 25 and 26: An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny
Page 27 and 28: Assistive technology productsCatego
Page 29 and 30: We need to make media more accessib
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3A STRONGFOUNDATIONGood hea
Page 33 and 34: Early childhood stunting, which is
Page 35 and 36: are particularly important. Develop
Page 37 and 38: the needs of all children. In an in
Page 39 and 40: Look at Hanif and you will see that
Page 41 and 42: terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
Page 43 and 44: epilepsy. The ketogenic diet isan i
Page 45 and 46: Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
Page 47 and 48: Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4ESSENTIALS OFPROTECTIONChi
Page 51 and 52: Independent States, institutionaliz
Page 53 and 54: Children with disabilities are at g
Page 55 and 56: It is much harder to protect childr
Page 57 and 58:
CHAPTER 5HUMANITARIANRESPONSEHumani
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Explosive remnants of war (ERW) on
Page 61 and 62:
esist, than children without disabi
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Since monitoring began in 1999, the
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FOCUS(continued)Child casualties in
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Child casualties by type of explosi
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If people with disabilities can’t
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CHAPTER 6MEASURING CHILDDISABILITYA
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Mental Development Scale, 120 canno
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single set of questions for both gr
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FOCUSLessons learnedSince 1995, UNI
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A strategy for intervention on beha
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Data can be hard to gather: Indigen
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CHAPTER 7AN AGENDAFOR ACTIONThe nat
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discrimination is vital in reducing
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I would like to be confident that w
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Support familiesThe CRC states that
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Being visually challenged, I’ve h
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Six-year-old Nemanja (far left) sit
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We [in government] must understand
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33 South African Disability Institu
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106 Mental Disability Rights Intern
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Statistical TablesEconomic and soci
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under-five mortality rate (per 1,00
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TABLE 10. THE RATE OF pROGRESSThe u
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under-five mortality rankingsThe fo
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TABLE 1BASIC INdICATORSCountriesand
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TABLE 1BASIC INdICATORSCountriesand
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TABLE 2NuTRITIONCountriesand areasL
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TABLE 2NuTRITIONCountriesand areasL
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TABLE 3HEALTHCountriesUse of improv
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CountriesUse of improveddrinking wa
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TABLE 4HIV/AIdSPrevention among you
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TABLE 4HIV/AIdSPrevention among you
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TABLE 5educationCountriesand areasY
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TABLE 5EduCATIONCountriesand areasY
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TABLE 6dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORSCountr
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TABLE 6dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORSCountr
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TABLE 7ECONOmIC INdICATORSCountries
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TABLE 7ECONOmIC INdICATORSCountries
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TABLE 8WOmENCountriesand areasLife
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TABLE 8WOmENCountriesand areasLife
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TABLE 9CHILd pROTECTIONCountriesand
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TABLE 9CHILd pROTECTIONCountriesand
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TABLE 10THE RATE OF pROGRESSCountri
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TABLE 10THE RATE OF pROGRESSCountri
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TABLE 11AdOLESCENTSCountriesand are
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TABLE 11AdOLESCENTSCountriesand are
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TABLE 12disparities by residenceCou
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TABLE 12dISpARITIES By RESIdENCECou
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TABLE 13dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd WE
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TABLE 13dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd WE
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TABLE 14EARLy CHILdHOOd dEVELOpmENT
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UNICEF HeadquartersUNICEF House3 Un
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