MÄori Housing Trends 2010 - Housing New Zealand

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91 Between 2002 to 2009, the median income for Māori increased across all regions.The median income for Māori increased the most in Otago, Bay of Plenty andGisborne Hawkes Bay. From $270 to $507 (an 88 percent increase) for Otago, 298to 474 (a 59 percent increase) for Bay of Plenty and $326 to $490 (a 50 percentincrease) for Gisborne Hawkes Bay. Auckland had the lowest increase, from $440 to$450 (a 2.3 percent increase).Summary92 The Māori population continued to grow as a proportion of the total New Zealandpopulation with Māori making up approximately 15 percent of the total population.The majority of Māori lived in urban areas with almost two thirds living in Auckland,Waikato and the Bay of Plenty.93 In 2009, Māori had a relatively high fertility rate 2.8 births per woman, down from2.95 in 2008 and well above the rate for the total population (2.12 births perwoman). Māori mothers gave birth on average at a younger age than eitherEuropean or Pacific mothers.94 The gap between the life expectancy of the Māori and non-Māori populationnarrowed slightly. However in 2007, Māori expected to live approximately 8-9 yearsless than non-Māori.95 The Māori population is characterised by relatively high rates of mobility, with Māoribeing most likely to have lived elsewhere within the previous five years. Māori (andPacific peoples) most commonly identify social reasons as the main reason formoving (either from their previous residence or to their current residence), or for notmoving. Economic and housing reasons were the next most common motivations forMāori (and Pacific peoples) to move. This contrasted with the European experience,where economic reasons tended to be the most important consideration, followed bysocial, and environmental reasons.96 There were improvements in the educational, and income status of Māori betweenthe 2001 and 2006 Census. Increasing proportions of the population obtained highereducational qualifications, and the median income of Māori increased by about 41percent. Notwithstanding these improvements, some 40 percent of the Māoripopulation did not hold a formal qualification, which is greater than for European orPacific peoples, and the median income for Māori was $20,900 which was similar toPacific peoples, but less than for Europeans. By 2009, the median weekly incomefor Māori had risen to $24,960.97 The current economic recession is associated with a higher proportion of Māori (andPacific peoples) than Europeans being unemployed. The Māori unemployment raterose from 8.6 percent to 14.8 percent between the December 2008 and 2009quarters, before falling to 13.6 percent in March, this was twice the non-Maori rate.24
Housing SupplyIntroduction98 In order to consider the adequacy of housing supply for Māori, this chapter beginswith an overview of Māori housing need. These findings were part of a broaderstudy into Māori housing experiences 32 and were based on qualitative fieldwork withMāori householders and key informants in six localities throughout New Zealand.The next section focuses on trends in household and population crowding as a keyindicator of the restricted housing supply for Māori, and identifies some factorsassociated with household crowding.99 There are multiple ways to define the level of crowding. Statistics New Zealand arecurrently undertaking some work around identifying which crowding measure is themost appropriate for the New Zealand context. The crowding data presented in thissection is based on the Canadian National Occupancy Standard (CNOS 33 ).Housing needs100 Based on qualitative fieldwork, it was found 34 that there was overall agreement thatthe housing needs of Māori differed from other peoples, to the extent that Māoritended to need to accommodate a larger number of people than was usually thecase with the general population. This was associated with larger family size and thepractice of receiving and accommodating visiting whānau and other visitors on arelatively frequent basis for short periods, for example for tangihanga, and otherwhānau gatherings. All respondents unequivocally stated that being able toaccommodate guests was important.101 In addition, many participants in this research identified the desirability of being ableto accommodate another whānau member or members, usually a parent(s) orgrandparent(s) on a permanent basis. This desire was expressed by rural and urbanrespondents.32 Waldegrave et al. (2006).33 The standard sets the bedroom requirements of a household according to the followingcomposition criteria: there should be no more than two people per bedroom; parents or couplesshare a bedroom; children under five years, either of same or opposite sex, may reasonablyshare a bedroom; children under 18 years of the same sex may reasonably share a bedroom; achild aged five to 17 years should not share a bedroom with one under five of the opposite sex;single adults 18 years and over and any unpaired children require a separate bedroom.34 Waldegrave et al. (2006: 104).25
Page 1 and 2: Māori Housing Trends 2010Authors:
Page 3 and 4: ContentsExecutive summary..........
Page 5 and 6: Table 16 Proportion of primary tena
Page 7: Figure 47 Proportion of the Māori
Page 10 and 11: higher median weekly income than th
Page 12 and 13: IntroductionPurpose23 The purpose o
Page 14 and 15: categories are: European, Māori, P
Page 16 and 17: The Māori PopulationIntroduction46
Page 18 and 19: Age structure 1057 The Māori popul
Page 20 and 21: Figure 2 Median years at usual resi
Page 22 and 23: Figure 4 Age distribution of movers
Page 24 and 25: Table 5Main reason for moving to cu
Page 26 and 27: Labour force participation74 Betwee
Page 28 and 29: Figure 9Proportion of Māori unempl
Page 30 and 31: Figure 11 Median weekly income for
Page 34 and 35: Figure 14 Occupancy rate by selecte
Page 36 and 37: Figure 16 Proportion of crowded and
Page 38 and 39: Table 8 Proportion of the populatio
Page 40 and 41: Figure 19 Proportion of households
Page 42 and 43: 124 In December 2009, relative to E
Page 44 and 45: Table 11 Maori AS recipients by Inc
Page 46 and 47: Table 14 Proportion of primary tena
Page 48 and 49: Figure 252009)Proportion of primary
Page 50 and 51: Table 17 Proportion of Māori prima
Page 52 and 53: Figure 28 Proportion of members of
Page 54 and 55: Table 20 Proportion of Māori appli
Page 56 and 57: Home OwnershipIntroduction157 In Ne
Page 58 and 59: Figure 33 Proportion of the populat
Page 60 and 61: Figure 35 Proportion of the Māori
Page 62 and 63: 177 Figure 37 shows that in 2006 ev
Page 64 and 65: Figure 39 Proportion of Māori 66 h
Page 66 and 67: Rental SectorIntroduction186 The ch
Page 68 and 69: Figure 43 Proportion of the Māori
Page 70 and 71: Figure 45 Proportion of the populat
Page 72 and 73: around the age of 40 years. For Mā
Page 74 and 75: the total population and the Māori
Page 76 and 77: Table 24 Projected Māori share of
Page 78 and 79: Table 25 Growth in the Māori ethni
Page 80 and 81: Table 27 Proportion of selected iwi
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Table 30 Median annual income for s
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The urbanisation of Māori people24
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descent population. Despite these c
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Figure 52 Proportion of selected iw
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269 Improvements in Māori social a
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• aspirations, knowledge and info
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Territorial authority area2006(base
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Statistics New Zealand (March 2010)
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MÄori Housing Trends 2010 - Housing New Zealand