GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR TRAINING DIET Conf. univ. dr - unefs

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR TRAINING DIET
Keywords: energetic necessary, performance physical effort, diet regime
Conf. univ. dr. Mihaela Apostu
Conf. univ. dr. Rodica Miroiu
UNEFS BUCUREŞTI
Abstract
During a one-year training process, the sportsman’s organism goes through functional and
metabolic changes, induced by each stage: effort-training, competion and trazition (retrieval). All
of these elements lead to the make up of a food ratio that has different nutrient requirements. This
way, more types of diets are highlighted: basic alimentation (for training), before the competition,
during the competionion and recovery alimentation (after the competition).
A sportsman’s diet must cover: all the basic energetic necessary ((1 kcal/ body kg/hour),
the energy required for thermoadjustment (8-10% from the daily ratio), the energy necessary for
the dinamic action of nourishments (5-10 % from daily ratio), the necessary amount of energy to
sustain the growth process (up until 16-18 years old), assimilation defficit (10-15% out of the
total calories are losses), the energetic amount for maintaining a performance physical effort
(training, competition), the necessary amount of energy in intelectual or professional activity, as
well as a caloric necesity demanded by unpredictable situations (disease, daily stress) (Powers,
2004).
Keywords: energetic necessary, performance physical effort, diet regime
Abstract.
ASPECTS OF PROJECT METHOD USE INTO PRIMARY SCHOOL
Key words: method, project, primary school.
asist. univ. Roxana Bejan
NUPES Bucharest
Project method as a modern approach for educational system in the XX century, made us
focused on the use of this method at the primary school projects as well as on the disciplines that
get the advantage of the project method use.
We took into consideration both classical and modern methods and the subjects where the
teachers are more likely to work in small groups with their pupils. Team work is considered an
essential skill in the modern world and we are interested to emphasize aspects of development of
the skill during primary school. How important the team work skill is and when should we star
developing it, is to be answered.

THE OBESITY – EPIDEMY OF XXI CENTURY
Keywords: obesity, BMI, metabolic syndrome
Asist. univ. drd. Camelia Ciobanu
NUPES Bucharest
Over the recent years, obesity has become a major concern and a subject of increased attention in
the countries with high living standard, because it has an increased frequency and may cause
negative consequences, significantly more common among obese individuals compared to
normal ones.
Obesity has become a public health problem in Europe and the USA. Currently, about 43%
of the world has a certain level of obesity. The risks are very high: obesity shortens life by 15-20
years because of negative consequences it may cause.
Only 30% of obese reach the age of 70 years as statistics indicate.A paper published by LJ from
Dublin prove that mortality increases with overweight.
Clinical studies confirmes that some diseases have a predilection among obese people. These
include hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, angina pectoris and arthroscleroses, varicose veins,
diabetes, arthritis, gall stones, emphysema and respiratory insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency,
pregnancy complications etc.
Obesity can be described as the most common nutritional disorder. Obesity is a condition
in which excessive fat accumulates in the body, either because of higher food consumption than
physiological needs, either because of metabolic disorders. Thus, an excess of 50 calories a day
can increase weight by 25 pounds in a period of 10 years. The body needs energy to function
normally, but maintaining a constant weight requires a balance between calorie intake and
burning them. When the number of calories consumed exceeds the number of calories used by
the body, is an energy imbalance, followed by weight gain and even obesity.
BMI is body mass index and is an objective evaluator of normal weight according to height.
A healthy weight is one that puts your body mass index (calculated based on weight and height)
between 18.5 and 24.9 values - the range set by the World Health Organization.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by:
BMI = weight (kg) / Height2 (cm)
BMI 40 = morbidly obese
Conclusions:
Obesity is an alarming phenomenon, with real consequences for human health, and there is a
need for a wide range of environmental policies and strategies that can help people adopt healthy
behaviors, such as the right to be physically active and the right to eat.
Bibliografie
Adam C, Chaput M, Cum sa ai un abdomen plat. Edituta Humanitas, 2009
Atkinson B, Obezitatea intrea a fi si nu a fi. Editura Alex-Alex 2001
Holford P, Cartea nutriției optime. Editura Bic All, 2008

Melissa Hall., Slăbim mâncând normal. Edit.Alex- Alex, București, 2007
http://www.sfatulmedicului.ro/Sanatate-prin-sport/motive-pentru-o-viataactiva_1592#Obezitate_alimentatie_si_sedentarism_exista_vreo_legatura63
http://dieta.romedic.ro/diete/Obezitatea_0618/Cauze_si_factori_de_risc_01830.html
HOLLAND’S INVENTORY OF INTERESTS - USEFUL TOOL FOR CAREER
DECISION
Ph. D. Ciolcă Corina, Ph.D. Student Vasiliu Ana-Maria,
NUPES Bucharest
School Counselor Bratu GetaValentina
Keywords: career counseling, interest, aptitude, personality types.
Taking a career decision appears to be a difficult step for young people who are facing
more and more career options. This is where the contribution of career counselor takes part, using
numerous methods that can help young people choose the right profession for them.
Knowing the personality of students is made by adding the data about the student from many
environments: family, school, group of friends. Students' personality may be revealed through
several methods: observation (spontaneous remark and systematic observation), the analysis of
the results of the students’ work (school performance, the different products they make),
conversation, questionnaire, analysis of biographical data (comparing personality features
through the knowledge of the conditions in which students develop), self-characterization
(emitting judgments of value about themselves), the method of socio-metrical tests.
Inventories developed by Holland (Vocational Preference Inventory VPI professional preferences
and SDS Self-Directed Search were published in 1966 and improved in the coming years and.
The individual's personality, interests and attitudes make up a path of its orientation of his
professional career.
The theory developed by Holland is based on the fact that people who have similar interests will
be successful in occupations that match a certain type of personality. Each respondent can find
occupations that match in all six categories (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising,
Conventional), but will be particularly drawn to two or three areas. This provides Holland code.
This typology helps young people who are in a position to choose a career.
The career counselor is responsible to create and implement career counseling programs designed
to facilitate the process of taking the right career decision for young people considering the
interests and skills that they have. It is necessary an efficient partnership between family, school
and community to support young people faced with choosing a school, a profile, an university, a
profession.
The more a young person is best suited for a profession, his professional satisfaction will
be greater and he will be more effective in the activities he performs.
The Inventory developed by Holland is also useful when someone wants to change his
profession and his career counselor has to recommend him other appropriate professions suited to
his personal code. Being a tool easy to apply, the Inventory developed by Holland proves to be an
effective tool in students' career orientation and should be used in every school

SCHOOL SPORTS FEDERATION IN ROMANIA
- NECESSITY OF INTERNATIONAL
ACHIEVEMENT OF SCHOOL SPORTS ACTIVITIES
Creanga Emil
- main teacher at Ion Creanga Technical College,
- PhD Student, IInd year, UNEFS Bucharest.
There have been founded many Centers of Excellence for many sports branches and they
now function within educational institutions which are valuable for the area they are part of.
All the sportsmen sign contracts with the Center of Excellence and are temporarily
transferred to these centers with the right to play for the teams which promoted them towards the
centers, within any period of the year, based on the request of the clubs and the family’s
approval.
The preparation within these centers is translated into the participation in the activities
organized by the International Federation of School Sports (ISF) which are considered as World
School Championships, where all the national sports schools meet to fight for the title of world
champion.
Unfortunately, Romanian school sports have been missing these competitions for many
years, but lately, there have been made efforts to re-integrate the Romanian school sports in the
International Federation of School Sports and the Romanian students have already participated,
boys and girls, in The World School Handball Championship in 2010, in Portugal together with
twenty-three other teams from all over the world, and in the World School Cross Championship
in Slovakia together with other thirty countries
We are sure that in the following period all the people will become aware of the necessity
of our participation in this type of competitions because we, as nation, have much to say related
to sports and we usually get respected by the other competitors when competing.
All in all, we consider very important to create the Centers of Excellence in Sports with a
long tradition in Romania and which have proven our qualities in time.
ET L’IMPORTANCE DE LA COÉSION DES GROUPES EXTRASCOLAIRES
Cristea Dana Ioana, Lect.univ.dr.
Facultatea de Educaţie Fizică şi Sport, Universitatea din Oradea
Résumé
Les activités extrascolaires -le scoutisme - déroulées de maniére organisée aussi bien en
plein air, en nature, que dans des espaces clos emmenagés, engendrent un comportement bien
déterminé, qui constitue, plus exactement, le résultat des provocations inhérentes des ces
activités, lesquelles présentent un grand impact non seulement sur le développement
biopsychosocial, mais aussi sur la personnalité des jeunes.
Les recherches sociologiques se penchent de plus en plus sur le microsocial et, surtout, sur le
petit groupe. Les attitudes, les représentations que les uns se sont faites sur les autres
(premièrement celles de ceux qui travaillent ensemble), les solidarités et les sympathies jouent

un rôle essentiel. L’état psychique de chaque membre de l’organisation est plus ou moins
influencé par le climat psychosocial de l’organisation, ce qui emporte satisfaction ou
insatisfaction, équilibre ou conflits, efficacité ou inefficacité. A part les études de sociologie, les
études du domaine de la psychologie organisationnelle accordent une importance toute
particulière au phénomène de la coésion, en appréciant que celle-ci présente des implications
majeures sur le comportement des individus dans les groupes de travail. Notre étude se propose
de metre en évidence la coésion des groupes et les influences produites à l’intérieur du groupe
des scoutes Orionins d’Oradea.
SPORT ICON IN WRITTEN PRESS
Keywords: newspapers, news, sports, football, handball
Croitoru Doina, NUPES Bucharest
Abstract: The study consisted of a survey aimed at quantifying and assessing all of sports
occurred in five of the most widely read newspaper in Bucharest. We wanted to target how media
constructs the image, the sport enjoying a higher degree of attention, the information appears
about the world of sport. The study was conducted in a period coinciding with the participation of
a Romanian team in an important international competition
We assume that the presence of Romanian team in a major competition will ensure that a high
profile sports industry in print. We expect this picture to be quite well defined, considering the
research has been conducted, a period coinciding with the tournament's final World Cup women's
handball.
The total number of articles that have been the subject of our research, a percentage of 86.38%
consisted of football with news that "reason", the rest being shared by other sports news. I found
that I ranked handball, with a rate of 5.63%, in other sports category. We believe that this is
disappointing considering the percentage of ongoing research.
To further assess the quality of sports news we started to calculate what percentage of total
football is really news sports news. The results were as follows: 42.25% football sports news and
the rest more than half, 57.74% gossip. The only conclusion we can draw from this part of our
research is that no competition in any sport, will fail to break the mundane world football
supremacy.
MARKETING TOOLS USED IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SPORTS
Conf.univ.dr. Mirela Dan
Lect.univ.drd. Corina Dulceanu
Prep.univ.drd. Ioan-Cosmin Boca
“Vasile Goldiş” West University of Arad
Abstract
Key words: marketing, sports consumers, events, sports services

Abstract: Sports progresses together with the society, is even a mirror of it, reflecting through
certain shapes the historical, social & cultural and economic evolution of the society. Sports have
been sold for centuries, the role of athlete, sponsor, watcher and broadcaster existing, with other
names and maybe other means, since the Antic Olympic Games. But only in the last decades has
been raised the issue of an existing rationale approach system, through marketing, a complex
relationship between sports consumers and products, events and sports services.
ALTERNATIVES FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Abstract
Keywords: the project, obesity, healthy, lifestyle
Professor Tatiana Dobrescu, PhD.
„Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău,
Faculty of Movement, Sport and Health Science
Obesity, this disease of the century, should lead toward immediate measures of reducing
the number of calories we consume, toward a rational life, exercising, being aware that a normal
weight means health and beauty. . (Peretianu D., Poiana C., 2009) "Alternatives for a healthy
lifestyle" is a project initiated by the Faculty of Movement, Sports, and Health Sciences, of the
"Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, and Arena Fitness Club, of Bacau, in order to celebrate
the EUROPEAN OBESITY DAY. The aim of this project is to popularize the methods and
means of Physical Education and Sports, with the help of which everyone can change their
lifestyle, or can help prevent or improve the weight excess. The objective of this initiative is to
help the overweight and obese people, to help them change their lifestyle in order for them to be
able to control their weight and to improve their lives.
This project wants to be a part of the EOD by initiating different activities through which
it can contribute to a better knowledge of the obesity problem in Romania.
The role of exercise and eating control is a priority for both genders in weight control.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE OPTIMISATION LEVEL OF SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF
THE STUDENTS OF THE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST
Drăgulin Ileana, conf. univ. dr.
Liliana Becea, conf. univ. dr.
Universitatea Politehnica din Bucureşti
At the age of adolescence and youth, the formation of self-consciousness has an important
effect on the person's quality, the person's affirmation, the psychological balance and harmony.
Especially in the case of young women, life quality and social relations are strongly influenced
by one's self image.
Moreover, the activities performed collectively cover the the students' apartenence sphere
to the social and community medium, but also represents activities students want to perform to
achieve goals, wishes and personal aspirations.

Self-consciousness, an element with a defining importance in developing the personality
and in the persons' social integration represents, in a general sense, the real expression of selfimage,
or self-representation. This image is contaminated by wishes, but also by the way in
which others evaluate the respective person, and the living identity.
THE PARTICIPANT COUNTRIES AT THE WINTER OLYMPIC GAMES CLASSIFIED
ON THE FIRST THREE PLACES IN THE WORLD HIERARCHY AND THE
MEDALS GAINED BETWEEN 1924-2010
Enache Roxana -University Professor Ph.D.
Petroleum-Gas University Ploieşti
Lupu Elena-University Lecturer Ph.D.
Petroleum-Gas University Ploieşti
Keywords: Winter Olympic Games, participant countries, study, gained medals, hierarchy.
The Winter Olympics Games, define a white sporting event, held every four years.Time
tradition required that, "The Summer Olympics" should be held in the same year as "The Winter
Olympics", which is why the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has decided to delay the
latter by two years, at the summer mid-cycle. This decision has been made in order to provide an
alternation between the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics, and a cyclic sequence of
their succession, while respecting the Olympic cycle of four years for each of them.
The study undertaken regarding this issue - gaining medals "Gold, silver, and bronze at
the Winter Olympic Games, from 1924 to 2010", is more informative - and not researching
regarding the countries which, starting with the year 1924 - the starting year for the "Winter
Olympisc", have been classified on places I, II, III, and gained gold, silver and bronze medals.
DES SOLUTION POUR L’ACCROISSEMENT DE LA QUALITE DU PROCESSUS
DIDACTIQUE A L’EDUCATION PHYSIQUE ET SPORTIVE A L’UNIVERSITE DU
BUCAREST
Conf. univ. dr. Mihaela Ganciu
Université du Bucarest
DES MOTS-CLE:processus didactique; qualité; éducation physique et sportive
Introduction
La préocupation pour la qualité représent le leitmotiv de la société actuelle, de sorte que l’
intérêt de mésurer, de quantifier, d’ aprécier se généralise.
Avant d’entreprendre des études scientifiques qui puissent identifier clairement ce que
c’est qu une élite intellectuelle , les gens ont ressenti le besoin d exprimer leur estime envers les
individus qui se distinguaient des autres par leurs connaissances ; c’est ainsi qu ils ont exprimé
leurs impressions sous la forme des maximes.

Le concept d’ élite intellectuelle est lié au pouvoir culturelle entendue comme le niveau de
la scolarité .Au délà des caractéristiques de chaque époque historique et des critères pour
apprécier l élite -du prestige (G Moscq) , de l’excellence (C Cretu) , du status social (C W Mils)
les personnes les plus valeureux d’une communauté sont les diplômés de l’ enseignement
supérieur . D’autant plus c’est justifiée la préoccupation d’ identifier la qualité des professeurs
qui préparent la population.
Bibliografie :
- JINGA I. 1993 Conducerea invatamantului ,Ed. didactica si Pedagocica
- RADU I.T. 2000, Evaluarea in procesul didactic, Ed. Universitatii dinBucuresti
- VICTORITA TRIF 2007, Evaluarea personalului didactic din invatamantul superior :
un model posibil. , Ed. Universitatii dinBucuresti
THE PARENTAL MODEL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON YOUNG PUPIL’S SOCIABILITY
DEGREE
Key words: parental style, sociability, young pupil.
Primary School Teacher, Florentina HRIŢAC
“Mihail Kogalniceanu” Theoretical High-School, CONSTANŢA
This paper has as an aim the determination of the manner in which the parental style
influences the children's sociability degree. For this, 52 pupils from the 4 th grade and their parents
(104) were submitted to psychological tests.
The results proved that the authorized parental style is associated with a high degree of
sociability of the pupils in 4 th grade.
Conclusions
The results obtained after the application of the tests allowed us to elaborate the following
conclusions:
1. The most favorable one for the development of the young pupil’s sociability is the
authorized style, followed as balance by the permissive one, the authoritative one being
situated at the end.
2. The pupils who are better integrated in the class team come from families who promote an
educational climate which is favorable to their development, by comparison with the
pupils whose parents do not favor propitious educational climate, and who demonstrate a
weaker integration at the group level.
Bibliography
1. Balson, M., Becoming better parents. 4 th ed. Melbourne: ACER, 1994.
2. Barakat, I.S., & Clark, J.A., Positive discipline and child guidance, 1999. [on-line].
Accesabil la WWW:
http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/hesguide/humanrel/gh6119.htm[25.3.2000].

3. Baumrind, D., Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Phychology, 1971,
4(1), 2-4.
4. Bornstein, M.H. (n.d.)., Refocusing on parenting [on-line]. Available WWW:
http://parenthood.library.wisc.edu/Bornstein/Bornstein.html
[26.3.2000]
REGRESSION ET PROGRÈS CHEZ LES ATHLÈTES VÉTÉRANS
Corina Ivan, Maître de conférences Dr. - UNEFS
Les athlètes vétérans sont atypiques par rapport à la plupart des adultes sédentaires, qui
affichent un déclin physiologique énorme à partir de la seconde moitié de la vie. Leur corps subit
également une diminution physique typique associée au vieillissement (déclin de la masse
musculaire, de la vitesse, de la flexibilité), mais qui est loin d’être si évidente et douloureuse.
Dans cet article, on présente les causes et on examine les modalités par lesquelles la
régression physiologique liée à l’âge peut être retardée.
Les anciens pratiquants des sports de puissance (sprint) doivent s’entraîner intensément
pour minimiser le déclin de la vitesse, en prenant conscience que leur organisme n’est plus
capable de soutenir un entraînement quotidien total. Le fait que certains d’eux procèdent ainsi est
prouvé par les records des catégories d’âge (obtenus dans l’épreuve-reine) mentionnés dans
l’article, performances qui rivalisent avec les meilleurs résultats obtenus au cours des 10-20
dernières années par les champions de la Roumanie.
Le repos, la nutrition correcte, les suppléments, tout comme le bon sens qui dicte: écoute
ton corps, pourraient représenter un élément essentiel dans la routine de l’entraînement des
vétérans.
5. Chelcea,S., Cum să redactăm, Editura Comunicare.ro, Bucureşti, 2003.
6. Daniel, B., Wassell, S., & Gilligan, R., Child development for child care and protection
workers. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1999.
7. Demo, D. H., & Cox, M. J., Families with young children: A review of research in De
Knop, P., 1992 Sports clubs invest in youth: On the way to a sound youth sport policy.
Kinesiology,14(3), 6-11. The 1990s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 2000:
867-895.
8. Garbarino, J., & Abramowitz, R., Sociocultural risk and opportunity. In J.Garbarino
(Ed.), Children and families in the social environment (p. 38-63). New York: Aldine de
Gruyter, 1992.
9. Gonazalez-Mena, J., The child in the family and the community. New York: Macmillan
Publishing Company, 1993.
10. Marion, M., Guidance of young children. 5 th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc, 1999.
11. Miller, D.F., Positive child guidance. New York: Delmar Publishers Inc., 1990.
12. Porter, L., Children are people too: A parent’s guide to young children’s behaviour. 2 nd
ed. South Australia: Louise Porter, 1997.

PERSUASION - A MEANS OF CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE PRACTICE
SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN ADOLESCENCE
Asist. univ. drd. Leonte Nicoleta
Asist. univ. drd. Pricop Adrian
Universitatea Politehnica Bucureşti
XXI century society registers special changes on many aspects of life: demographic
dynamics, development of the communication technology. For this reason, it is increasingly
evident that the trend outlined the need to move, but its absence too from usual young program.
Requirements for student occupation, mechanization and automation, easer of communication
and the displacements have led to decreasing the exercises by adolescents.
Defined attitude as „a person’s position of acceptance or rejection of a greater or lesser
intensity of objects, phenomena’s, persons, groups or institutions” (Septimiu Chelcea, 2003, pg.
44), are acquired in life through single or multiple, direct or indirect experiences.
The mechanism of the attitude change through persuasion is very complex. The
magnitude of change and message processing routes, the decision is greatly influenced by the
relevance of the problem, but also the cognitive capacity of subjects
A positive attitude towards the practice of adolescent exercises will have results in motric,
biological, functional, psychological and moral plan, leading to a harmonious development of
personality, wellness and default quality of life.
STUDY ABOUT THE OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS BY USING THE
MEANS OF MAINTENANCE AEROBIC GYMNASTICS
Manos Mihaela, Assistant Professor, Ph.D., NUPES, Bucharest
Key-words: physical fitness, physical exercise, aerobic gymnastics
This study, that aims at increasing the participation in physical exercises, for the
prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases in the middle-aged adults. This approach utility is
determined by the necessity of studying and solving a complex problematics, with important
consequences upon the population’s health state, that could be optimized through prevention
programs, carefully conceived and directed.
The premise we start from in our study is that among physical fitness, its improvement,
the systematic practice of physical exercises and the life quality increase there exists an
indissoluble relationship.

SPORTS-LEISURE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON WOMEN WHO
PRACTICE IT IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE QUALITY OF LIFE
MARCU VASILE, Prof. PhD, Universitatea din Oradea
RUS R. VIRGIL*, Assist.doctorat candidate
CRETU AURICA*, Lecturer PhD
ANDA MADAR, Psiholog
* “Babes-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Bistrita extension
Keywords: exercise, sports-recreational activity, quality of life
Introduction. Sports and recreation physical activity has an important role because it can grow,
both among the young people and adults, healthy habits through the practice of sport-recreational
physical activities, providing forms of organization and rules of progress, in order to increase the
quality of life(QoL).In specific literature, QoL is described as having two major outcomes:
functioning and well-being. The aim of our study was to assess the evolution of quality of life of
girls and women aged 20-40 years after practicing sports-leisure physical activities.
Materials and methods. The women who participated in the study (aged 20-40 years, n=20)
were involved in an exercise program for 3 months, 3 sessions of exercises per week, one hour
each. In order to asses the QoL, questionnaires drawn up for this purpose were used. The
questions were based on recognized psychological scales.
Results. The study indicated that physical exercise, practiced long term, improves not only
physical abilities, but also the relationship to the emotional well-being, self concept and overall
perceptions.
Conclusion. Therefore, by practicing sports-recreational activities, not only that the two
outcomes of QoL are achieved (functioning and well-being), but the corporal and intellectual
health are improved, with a positive contribution to reducing the risk of physical and mental
disorders associated with modern lifestyles.
SECULAR TREND OF GROWTH - CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN ROMANIA AND
OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Key words: secular trend, hight, weight, body mass index
Lect. Univ.Dr. Ioana Oprişescu
Faculty of Kinetotherapy – UNEFS Bucharest
This bibliographical study aims to present the current state of knowledge about the
secular trend of growth and development and to highlight the importance of analyzing this
phenomenon, not only from an auxological point of view, but also as an indicator of a country's
socioeconomic development. A series of anthropometric parameters (height, weight) from studies
in several countries were analyzed. With the trend related to size values at certain ages, there are
also simultaneous weight changes. In general, stature in recent decades tends to stabilize,
however the weight continues to increase, overweight taking pandemic forms in developed

countries. Analysis of secular trend of growth provides important auxological information that
reveals the need for periodic reassessment of the benchmarks of a nation’s body size, in order to
correctly diagnose deviations from normal.
Selective bibliography:
Cole, TJ.,(2000)- Secular trends in growth.Proceedings of Nutrition Society;59, pp 317-324
Gohlke, B., Wölfe, J. (2009)- Gößenenwicklung und Pubertät bei deutschen Kindern: Gibt es
noch einen positiven säkularen Trend?, Deutsches Ärzteblatt/Jg.106/Heft23/5.06.2009, pp
377-382
Komlos, J., Lauderdale,BE.,(2007) - The mysterious trend in American heights in the 20th
century Annals of Human Biology, Volume 34, Issue 2 March 2007 , pp 206 – 215
Komlos,J., (2009)- How useful is anthropometric history? Munich Discussion Paper
No.2009/6, Department of Economics, Universiy of Munich
Malina, R. M. (2004)- Secular trends in growth, maturation and physical performance: A
review, Prz. Antropol.–Anthropol. Rev., vol. 67, ISBN 83-89529-05-X, ISSN 0033-2003, pp
11- 15
Niculescu, C. (2009) - Ancheta antropometrică a populaţiei României,Instititul Naţional de
Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielărie.
Staub, K., Rühle, FJ., Woitek, U., Pfister, C., (2010) - BMI distribution/social stratification in
Swiss conscripts from 1875 to present, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64, pp 335-340
ASPECTS THÉORIQUES CONCERNANT LA QUALITÉ DE VIE ET SA PROJECTION
SUR LES POLITIQUES ÉDUCATIONNELLES ET DE SANTÉ
EN ROUMANIE ET DANS L’UNION EUROPÉENNE
Mihaela Păunescu,, C.S. gr. III, UNEFS
Cătălin Păunescu, Assist. univ. drt.,
UMF, “Carol Davila”, Bucarest
Mots-clés: qualité de vie, santé, bonheur, loisir
Quand on dit “qualité de vie”, on pense au bon ou moins bon caractère de la vie des
hommes. Ce concept comprend les racines historiques de la problématique de la qualité de vie,
mais aussi de la problématique proprement-dite de la vie. Le concept de “qualité de vie” peut être
défini comme étant “le degré où une personne jouit des possibilités importantes de sa vie” 1 . Les
possibilités résultent des opportunités et des limitations que chaque personne a dans sa vie et
reflètent son interaction avec les facteurs personnels et environnementaux. Mais ce concept a
également un caractère subjectif: la qualité de vie peut être comprise dans des modalités
différentes, par des personnes différentes vivant dans des zones géographiques différentes ou
dans des contextes culturels différents. Le syntagme “qualité de vie” définit le degré de prospérité
ressenti par une personne ou par un groupe d’hommes. En même temps, il faut distinguer entre le
1 Centre for Health Promotion, The Quality of Life Model, University of Toronto

style de vie, qui suppose la quantité et la qualité des biens et des services dont une population
dispose, et la manière dans laquelle ils sont distribués à la population.
C’est ainsi que nous joignons ceux qui soutiennent le fait que ce concept est évaluatif,
étant la résultante du rapport entre les conditions de vie et les activités qui composent la vie
humaine, d’une part, et les nécessités, les valeurs, les aspirations humaines, d’autre part. Il faut
ajouter que le concept se réfère tant à l’évaluation globale de la vie (à quel degré la vie menée par
des personnes, des groupes sociaux, des collectivités etc. est bonne, est satisfaisante), qu’à
l’évaluation des différentes conditions ou sphères de la vie, telles: conditions du milieu
environnant, conditions de vie au lieu de travail, conditions des relations interpersonnelles, tout
comme celles de la vie de famille.
MEN'S CROSS-COUNTRY OLYMPIC GAMES
Keywords: Olympic Games, medals, cross country skiing, athletes
Pelin Florin, Professor PhD
U.N.E.F.S. Bucharest
Pelin Raluca Anca, assistant professor PhD
Polytechnic University of Bucharest
The purpose of this essay is to display in a few words and tables what happened in the
Olympics cross-country skiing - men, from their start date. Official debut of cross-country skiing
competitions held at the beginning of the second decade of the twentieth century.
Establishment of the International Ski Federation (FIS) in 1924 has contributed
enormously in the development of skiing as a sport in general and the Olympic discipline in
particular. Since the first edition of Winter O.G. in Chamonix (1924) cross-country skiing was
present with two male events - one with 15 km and one with 50 km, both won by Norwegian
athletes specialized in cross-country skiing.
In 1936, the program also includes Olympic relay races, and in 1956 the fourth event is
inserted, the 30km. In 1992 is discussed for the first time the traking event and at Salt Lake City,
2002, was inserted the sprint trial as the sixth Olympic event (FIS World Ski Statistics, 2006).
As for the medals, the Nordic countries are still leading by far, since those on the second
place have little chance of actually dethrone them. From the 9 th edition of the Winter O.G. there
are six cross-country skiing events program. With the advent of the sprint event, cross-country
skiing became a show for those who love the winter sports.
The most medals obtained at a single edition of the Olympic Games are for Norwegians
V. Ulvang, 1992, and Daehlie B., 1998, with 4 medals (three gold and one silver), and
Norwegian B. Daehlie owns the biggest number of Olympic medals, 12, of which 8 are golden.

THE NEW FORMAT OF THE WORLD BIATHLON
Keywords: biathlon, tables, rules, World Cup
Pelin Florin, Professor PhD
U.N.E.F.S. Bucharest
Pelin Raluca Anca, assistant professor PhD
Polytechnic University of Bucharest
Once the Vancouver Winter Olympics finished, in biathlon world began to run all sorts of
strategies. These concern the athletes, i.e. they have to prepare for a new Olympic cycle. A four
year’s preparation is already a science in itself, and from this point of view the cream of world
biathlon seeks well-known coaches to develop the training schedule for Olympic qualifying.
At the IBU, many troubles have occurred, some due to less pleasant events that took place
both in the World Cup races and Olympic Games in Vancouver. From this point of view IBU
technical committee chairman, German Norbert Baier, former coach of the Olympic biathlon lot
of the former GDR, has announced that they no longer form part of the technical committee.
It is clear that a major role in the the development of this sport and its rulesis played by
television, without which biathlon, as other other sports aswellm, might not reach the crowd.
The main idea of television is to forward the development of the best athletes and if
possible not in great numbers, which seems rather logical from the standpoint of the viewer, but
not athletes’.
The main reason for the changes was to increase the level of the two competitions
broadcasted by television.
THE SYMBOLISM OF THE WINDING IN THE CHRISTIANA THROUGH THE
VALLEY AND IN THE IMPLICIT SEMANTICS OF THE INFINITE COLUMN OF
BRÂNCUŞI
PhD Lecturer Camelia Plăstoi
PhD Lecturer Ion Popescu-Brădiceni
„Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu-Jiu
Faculty of Nursing and Dental Technique, Arts and Physical Culture
Keywords: the state of Brâncuşi, The Endless Column, the Christiana through the valley,
the symbolism of the snake
One understands the term rotational breaking as a ski stop through a sudden turn, with the
skies close together. Petit Larousse illustré defines it thus: freinage par brusque disposition des
skis perpendiculairement à la course [1]. Le Maxidico gives a similar yet more colorful
explanation: au ski, virage ou arrêt xecute, en gardant les skis parallèles, par oppos, au
chasse-neige [2].
As one arrives at Hobiţa and at Constantin Brâncuşi Târgu-Jiu, where The Endless
Column rises towards the zenith, one wonders, while admiring the zigzags (broken lines) of the skiers

on the slopes of Rânca, above Novaci, whether they wouldn’t be drawing an Endless Column each on
snow. What was it they must have felt flying on their two skies from the mountaintop towards the
valley and executing, through their muscular strength, all sorts of windings, be they rounded or
broken, accelerated or cushioned.
They would undoubtedly have experienced the feeling of going down the valley to a
picturesque space, gazing at the temporal horizon – a generator of complicated, cyclic and spiral
visions [3]. For the soul that lives in such a horizon, time would have, through its makings, even so
through its own construction the gift to continuously raise the level of existence. Time would actually
be, given its structure, a creator of values ever greater [4], of world performances/ Olympics in the
case of the skiers.
Constantin Brâncuşi, while a child, watched the river Bistriţa [5] as it winded down
through the fields. He also dreamt he would fly through the trees and through the sky [6]. In an
aphorism (180) he would later meditate: One depends on the stars and the spaces (the paths and the
ways) one walks and in another (231) he would say life resembled a spiral, whose direction one does
not know…but one must walk the path in that direction one considered just [7].
COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
Keywords: communication, information, volleyball, technique.
Lect. Univ. Dr. Pomohaci Puiu Marcel
Conf. Univ. Dr. Sanislav Mihai
Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Communication is one of the most important skills in team sports. Lack of communication leads
to many inconsistencies between the players in the game and not infrequently lead to undesirable
outcomes. Rather good communication between players involves emotional psycho
harmonization, coordination of movement, performance and success.
The game of volleyball, along with other sports games and sports play an important role in
physical education system. It constitutes an important part of sports, but also as a manifestation
of the playful nature of exercise. He sanotrofice cumulative positive effects of sport and exercise
with the educational influences of the game. Due to its positive influence physical features and
major functions of the body, help develop motor qualities and personality formation.
Volleyball Game theory is a branch of the Theory and Physical Education
Theory and methodology of sports training and has links to other discipline as pedagogy,
psychology, sociology, functional anatomy and biomechanics, physiology.
In the game of volleyball means of communication have a role in winning or losing the
competition.
Communication between players is done primarily in its verbal form. Team members
communicate with each other to know who will hit the ball, so as not to clash during the "chase
the ball", to no symmetry in the game.
In the game of volleyball using multiple communication codes, some of which are
standard today, but certainly of each team remain a series of codes, unknown only team
playing.

Keywords: cricket Romania, sport
PLEDING FOR CRICKET IN ROMANIA
Pompiliu-Nicolae Constantin
PhD Candidate
Faculty of History - University of Bucharest
Cricket is a minoritary sport in the Romanian society, being considered rather an exotic
activity. The history or the sociology of sports has not produced any studies regarding cricket in
the Romanian space. The main reason for this is that the history and sociology of sports in
Romania is still in an incipient phase. Furthermore, the historical sources and context did not
support such a research. The history of cricket in Romania has a winding road, this sport being
seen as one belonging to the foreigners in a mainly nationalist territory. Recent history of cricket
in Romania has more information available, due to richer archives and immediate contact. The
are a couple of sources that show the situation of cricket in Romania before World War II, but
much lesser ones. Anyhow, we can outline a few ideas regarding the importance of this sport in
the history of sports culture in Romania. Even though this a study characteristic to the
microhistory, it can highlight a certain tendency of the Romanian society to westernize during the
interwar and post communist period.
In this study, I have identified three chronological periods, each with its own
characteristics regarding the practice of cricket in Romania. A first phase starts in the last quarter
of the 19 th century and ends once WW II starts. In this period, cricket is brought into the
Romanian space and evolves. The second period analyzed is that of the communist regime, in
which cricket is considered a forbidden sport. The final phase analyses the evolution of cricket
after 1989, when foreigners reintroduced this sport in Romania.
NADIA COMĂNECI PHENOMENON AND CONSTANTIN BRÂNCUŞI WORK
PHENOMENOLOGY. THE PERFECT CHASING AND THE MONUMENTAL AMPLITUDE
PhD Lecturer Ion Popescu-Brădiceni
PhD Lecturer Camelia Plăstoi
„Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu-Jiu
Faculty of Nursing and Dental Technique, Arts and Physical Culture
Keywords: phenomenon, Nadia, Montreal, phenomenology, Brâncuşi, Paris, the perfect
shaping, the monumental amplitude.
Introduction
In the evening of the 18th of July, 1976, Nadia Comăneci obtained the maximum grade,
10, at Montreal. She, a humming bird with wings of gold (s.n. I.P.B.) having remained

suspended over the parallels, had become the antithesis of gravity in gymnastics [1]. The
cavalcade of maximum grades was due to the exercises of perfect chasing and monumental
amplitude; it was so that one did not know were sports began and art ended [2]. The sporting
reporters were so inspired by Nadia Comăneci performance that they seemed to be writing a
poem. One of them would have compared her to Greta Garbo: royal, mysterious, distant, noting
the mystery where there was only grace and purity. Another compared her to Sonia Henie: the
blond wonder, the fairy of the fiords which drew arabesques on ice with unequaled
craftsmanship, as well as Nadia sculpted unseen shapes in space with the technique of a
trapezes specialist and the grace of a ballerina [3].
Sculpting in space represented for Constantin Brâncuşi the culmination of his work, of
his own artistic formula, grafted on the orphic atmosphere, on the science of gazing at the
wonders of Nature, based on the method of the perfect polishing act. It must be polished a lot,
insisted a lot, grinded some more...until one finds that diamond within – the magus from Hobiţa
and Paris would have expressed his opinion to any visitor or maybe to Modigliani himself,
which came to Brâncuşi’ workshop almost every day [4]. Béla Károlyi would have behaved of
some manner to Nadia Comăneci in the years 1970-1980; his descendant, Octavian Belu would
have manifested himself the same way with all the other successful Romanian and international
female gymnasts.
Bibliographical notes:
[1]. Ilie Goga, Victor Bănciulescu: Heroes of the Olympics, Sport-Tourism Publishing,
Bucharest, 1980, see This living flame, the triple champion, Nadia Comăneci, pages 126-132;
[2]. Idem, ibidem;
[3]. Ibidem;
[4]. Constantin Zărnescu: The aphorisms and texts of Brâncuşi, Foundation – Publishing
Romanian Writing, Craiova, 2009, foreword by Marin Sorescu, pages 74, 77, aphorisms 24, 42;
[5]. Béla Károlyi, Nancy Ann Richardson: Without Fear, foreword by Cristian Ţopescu,
Olympus Publishing House, Bucharest, 1995;
[6]. Ilie Goga, Victor Bănciulescu, op. Cit., ibidem;
[7]. Johan Huizinga: Homo ludens. An attempt to determine the playful element of culture,
translated from Dutch by H.R. Radian, foreword by Gabriel Liiceanu, Humanitas Publishing,
Bucharest, 2003, pages 128-135;
[8]. Petru Comarnescu: Kalokagathon, an anthology by Dan Grigorescu and Florin Toma;
introductive study and notes by Dan Grigorescu and a testimony by Valeriu Râpeanu, Eminescu
Publishing, Bucharest, 1985, pages 48-50;
[9]. Ion Popescu-Brădiceni: Metanoia Arch – The typological triad at Târgu-Jiu: The Silence,
The Kiss, The Infinite, The Great Publishing, Târgu-Jiu, 2009, 211 pages;
[10]. Constantin Zărnescu, op. Cit., page 98;
[11]. Béla Károlyi, Nancy Ann Richardson, op. cit., page 10;
[12]. Ştefan Stăiculescu, Constantin Zărnescu: Brâncuşi, the spirit sculptor, trilingual edition:
Romanian – French – English, Sagittarius Publishing, Iaşi, 2001, translated by Alexandra
Dogaru, pages 33 and 61, aphorisms 58 and 156;
[13]. Nadia Comăneci: Letters to a young gymnast, translated by Octav Bozântan, Humanitas
Publishing, Bucharest, 2004, pages 184-185;
[14]. Constantin Zărnescu, op. Cit., page 78;
[15]. Idem, ibidem, pages 77 and 78;
[16]. Ibidem

[17]. Nadia Comăneci, op. Cit., page 195;
[18]. I. Goga, V. Bănciulescu, op. Cit., page 13;
[19]. Constantin Zărnescu, ibidem, the 243th aphorism, page 118;
[20]. Pontus Hulten, Alexandra Dumitrescu, Alexandre Istrati: Brâncuşi, Flammarion
Publishing, Paris, 1986, page 9;
[21]. Georges Poulet: The metamorphoses of the circle, translated by Irina Bădescu and Angela
Martin, introductive study by Mircea Martin, Universe Publishing, Bucharest, 1987, page 493
[22]. Petre Pandrea: Brâncuşi, memories and exegeses, The Constantin Brâncuşi Foundation
Publishing, Târgu-Jiu, 2000, arranged and fore worded by Nicolae Diaconu (Brâncuşiana 9),
page 234.
PARTICULARITIES OF THE MANAGEMENT OF PROJECTS
CO-FINANCED BY FSE THROUGH POSDRU
A CASE STUDY 2
Monica Stănescu, Reader PhD
Sorin Şerbănoiu, Reader PhD
Constanţa Urzeală, Assistant Lecturer PhD
UNEFS Bucharest
Key-words: project management, European financing
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present an example of good practices to access European
funds for the project implementation into the higher education, on the direction of the European
Social Fund, Sectoral Operational Program Human Resources Development, as a result of a
performance management. In this sense, we analyzed how the project “Professionalization of
physical education and sports teaching career from the lifelong learning perspective”,
POSDRU/19/1.3/G/13096, has been implemented by UNEFS. This project general objective is to
assure the teaching career a high professionalization level, by increasing the continuing learning
relevance for physical education teachers, coaches and physical therapists. The project consists in
the accreditation and development of six continuing learning programs providing the
improvement of students’ competences, the course financing and an increased adaptability to the
continuing learning system new exigencies. In this paper, we present the obtained results one
year after the project implementation.
Bibliography
BODEA, C.N., (coord.), Managementul proiectelor. Glosar. Editura Economică, Bucureşti, 2002
MOCANU, M., SCHUSTER, C., Managementul proiectelor. Ed. a II-a, Editura All Beck,
Bucureşti, 2004
NEWTON, R., Management de proiect pas cu pas. Editura Meteor Press, Bucureşti, 2008
Managementul ciclului de proiect. Manual. Lucrare elaborată în cadrul proiectului PHARE RO-
0006.18.02 Formation of public servants from the local administration in European business and
2 The paper was is part of the project Professionalization of physical education and sports teaching career from the
lifelong learning perspective, co-financed by FSE through POSDRU 2007-2013.

the management of the cycle of the project, implemented by the European Institute from Romania
in cooperation with Human Dynamics (Austria), Editura Blueprint International, 2003
STĂNESCU, M., URZEALĂ, C., VASILIU, A., Improving the Teaching Career in Physical
Education and Sports through European Social Funds. International Scientific Conference
Constanţa, 2011
STĂNESCU, M., URZEALĂ, C., Finanţarea programelor de formare continuă în educaţie
fizică şi sport prin FSE POS DRU 2007-2013. Conferinţa Ştiinţifică Universitatea Naţională de
Apărare, Bucureşti, 2010
www.managementul-proiectelor.ro
OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE FOR ADULTS
Keywords: quality of life, occupational stress, physical exercise
Stoicescu Marius, prep.univ.drd., NUPES Bucharesti
An approach to the exercise carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the
workplace involves the acquisition of healthy behaviors, the existence of a physical environment
in good condition and not at least, implies a social environment oriented to performance by
strengthening an organizational culture oriented to movement.
Through this scientific research we intend to investigate how these indicators are
highlighted in different trades, with an attempt to put in the limelight the relationship between the
practice of physical exercise and quality of life analysed from the perspective of occupational
stress.