Short-Lived Climate Forcers - MARAMA

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What is a “Short-Lived Climate Forcer”?• A “climate forcer” is any gas or particle that alters the Earth’s energybalance by absorbing bi or reflecting radiation:i– Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO 2 , methane, ozone) warm the climate by trappingoutgoing radiation from the Earth’s surface– Particles, such as black carbon and sulfates, can be either warming or cooling,depending on composition• Some climate forcers—like methane, ozone and black carbon– areconsidered “short-lived” because they only stay in the atmosphere for ashort time (black carbon = days/weeks, methane = a decade)– By contrast, “long-lived” climate pollutants like CO 2 and HFCs can stay in theatmosphere for hundreds of years or longer– Reductions in short-lived climate forcers have the potential to provide near-term climate benefitsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Office of Air and Radiation2
Comparison of Global Average Radiative Forcingof Key Short-Lived Forcers vs. CO 22Global Mean Ra adiative Forcin ng (W/m 2 )1.510.50-0.5Ramanathan and Carmichael 2008IPCC2007-1CarbonDioxideMethaneBlackCarbonOzone Nitrate OrganicCarbonSulfates(Adapted from IPCC Synthesis Report, 2007; as well as Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Office of Air and RadiationCloudIndirectEffect(all aerosols)3
Page 1: Short-Lived Climate ForcersMid-Atla
Page 5 and 6: Even aggressive CO 2 reductions, ma
Page 7 and 8: Recent SLCF Activities• Conventio
Page 9 and 10: Attaining More Stringent Ozone NAAQ
Page 11 and 12: CH 4 is an O 3 Precursor• Address
Page 13 and 14: U.S. Methane Activities• Voluntar
Page 15 and 16: BLACK CARBON:IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
Page 17 and 18: Climate Impacts of BC• BC is most
Page 19 and 20: BC Impacts: GlaciersIn the Himalaya
Page 21 and 22: Global Sources of Black Carbon:(Lam
Page 23 and 24: Mitigation of Black Carbon• Locat
Page 25: Summary of Key Messages fromthis Pr

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