Studies on Antimicrobial Properties of Vegetable, Fruit & Spice ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

<strong>Studies</strong> on….Suvro Saha et.al.were observed respectively for the methanol and cold water extract of nutmeg shell but the other twoextracts were not found to be effective against the organism.In Fig.6 Effect of extracts on Lactococcus lactis; among the four extracts of orange peel, the zone ofinhibition was observed for hot and cold water extract (28.70mm and 54.86mm respectively); themaximum zone was given by cold water extracts of the orange peel. Except the acetone extract of thestone apple shell, the inhibition zone was observed as 43.18mm, 37.08mm, 47.24mm respectively forthe methanol, hot and cold water extract of the sample. The inhibition zone for the methanol extract ofstone apple was same against K. pneumonia and L. lactis. Among the four extracts of pea peel andcoconut shell, the inhibition zone (30.48mm and 33.78mm) was only seen for methanol extract ofthese two samples. The inhibition zone (18.54mm) was observed only for the cold water extract ofjackfruit peel sample. 29.46mm and 34.54mm inhibition zones are observed respectively for hot andcold water extracts of banana inflorescence peel but no zone of inhibition was seen for other twoextracts of this sample. Among the four extracts of the pumpkin peel, the zones of inhibition weredetected for two extracts i.e. methanol extract (35.56mm) and hot water extract (45.72mm). No zoneof inhibition was produced by the four extracts of the watermelon peel. The inhibition zone by the hotwater extracts of black cardamom peel and methanol extract of nutmeg shell were observed as34.54mm and 27.94mm respectively but inhibition zone was not observed for the remaining extractsof these samples.Fig.7: Effect of extracts on Aspergillus niger; the zone of inhibition of 41.40mm, 23.62mm,21.84mm, 31.24mm, 49.02mm, 29.46mm, 30.48mm, 81.28mm (to note that highest zone of inhibitionwas observed against Aspergillus niger), 39.62mm were observed respectively for methanol andacetone extract of orange, methanol and acetone extract of stone apple, acetone and hot water extractof pea peel, hot water extract of coconut shell, cold water extracts of jackfruit peel and methanolextract of pumpkin peel.In Fig.8 Effect of extracts on Candida albicans; among the four extracts of the orange peel and stoneapple shell, the zone of inhibition were detected as 50.8mm, 54.86mm, 22.86mm, 55.88mm, 37.08mmrespectively for the methanol extract of the orange peel, acetone extract of stone apple shell and peapeel, cold water extract of jackfruit peel and banana inflorescence peel and area of inhibition was notobserved for other extracts of these five samples. The inhibition zone of 22.86mm and 41.40mm wasdetected respectively for methanol and acetone extracts of coconut shell but remaining two extractswere not effective against C.albicans. No zone of inhibition was observed for the pumpkin peelextracts against C. albicans. The inhibition zone of 74.42mm and 35.56mm was detected respectivelyfor acetone and hot water extracts of watermelon peel but remaining two extracts were not effectiveagainst the organism. Except for the acetone extract of black cardamom, the remaining three extractsi.e. methanol extract (45.72mm), hot and cold water extract (46.48mm and 40.64mm respectively)were effective. Zone of inhibition of 48.26mm, 68.58mm, 25.4mm were observed respectively formethanol, acetone and hot water extracts of nutmeg shell. The highest zone was given by acetoneextract of watermelon peel.Fig.9 Effect of extracts on Sporotrichum pruinosum, the zone of inhibition of 34.54mm, 66.04mm and56.64mm were observed respectively for the methanol, acetone and hot water extract of orange peelbut cold water extract was not observed against the organism. The zone of inhibition of 36.32mm,33.02mm and 66.04mm were observed respectively for the methanol, hot and cold water extract ofstone apple shell but acetone extract was not found effective against the organism. The zone ofinhibition of 39.62mm and 34.54mm were observed respectively for the hot and cold water extract ofpea peel and no zone of inhibition was observed for remaining two extract. Apart from methanolextract of coconut shell, the area of inhibition was observed respectively by acetone extracts1897 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B; 2013, Vol.3, No.3; 1886-1899.
<strong>Studies</strong> on….Suvro Saha et.al.(43.94mm), hot water extract (38.86mm) and cold water extract (33.78mm). In case of jackfruit peel,the zone of inhibition was observed only for two extracts i.e. methanol extract (26.16mm) and coldwater extract (42.16mm). All the four extracts of banana inflorescence peel were not capable to inhibitthe growth of S. pruinosum. 54.86mm and 43.94mm zone of inhibition was observed respectively formethanol extract of pumpkin peel and acetone extract of watermelon peel but no zone of inhibition forremaining extracts of these two samples. The zone of inhibition of 49.78mm and 34.54mm weredetected for acetone and hot water extracts of black cardamom. Except the hot water extract ofnutmeg shell, the zone of inhibition was detected for methanol extract (40.64mm), acetone extract(38.1mm), and cold water extracts (38.86mm). The highest zone of inhibition was observed for bothacetone extract of orange peel and cold water extract of stone apple shell. From the aboveobservations of the results, it is therefore evident that the peels, shells of vegetable, fruits, spice andshells have caused significant levels of antimicrobial effects on selected bacteria and fungi.CONCLUSIONSThe experimental findings indicate that the peel extracts comprise imperative antibacterial andantifungal properties. Amongst the samples analyzed, the highest antibacterial and antifungal activitywas found with cold water extract of jackfruit peel against Proteus vulgaris and Aspergillus niger, andalso; methanol extract of black cardamom peel against Proteus vulgaris, methanol extract of stoneapple or bael shell against E.coli., acetone extract of watermelon peel against C. albicans, acetoneextract of nutmeg shell against C. albicans. Thus new aspects concerning the use of the wastestherapeutically are precisely interesting and attractive, as mentioned earlier, the present investigationfocuses on the possibility of using the peels and shells waste as a source of low-cost naturalantimicrobials. Except for the orange peel, antimicrobial activities of the other samples are thought tobe reported in a new perspective, thus opening up new frontiers for drug exploration. Further studiesare required to determine the nature of compounds responsible for the antimicrobial effects from theseextracts. The chances are elevated, that the study may lead to the formulation of an antimicrobial drugafter appropriate pharmacological evaluation and clinical trials. The above work on peels and shells,explore new therapeutic applications and also introduce an alternative method for agro-wastemanagement.REFERENCES1. Cosa P, Vlietink AJ, Berghe DV, Maes L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 106: 290-302.2. Chopra I, Hodgson J, Metcaif B, Poste G. JAMA. 1996; 275: 401-403.3. Europe to boost development of new antimicrobial drugs. The Lancet, 2012, 16,379, 2229 -2230,4. Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, et al. Bad Bugs, No Drugs: no ESKAPE! an updatefrom the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect Dis 2009; 48:1–12.5. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/European Medicines Agency JointTechnical Report. The bacterial challenge: time to react. EMEA-576176-2009.pdf. UpdatedSeptember 2009.6. David N. Gilbert, et al. The 10 ‘20 Initiative: Pursuing a Global Commitment to Develop 10New Antibacterial Drugs by 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 50 (8):1081-1083.7. Clark, A. M. 1996. Pharm. Res. 13:1996.8. Robbers, J., M. Speedie, and V. Tyler. Pharmacognosy and pharmaco biotechnology.Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore1, 996,. 1–14.9. Marjorie Murphy Cowan..Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical MicrobiologyReviews, 1999, 12(4): 564–5821898 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B; 2013, Vol.3, No.3; 1886-1899.
Page 1 and 2: May 2013- July 2013, Vol. 3, No. 3;
Page 3 and 4: Studies on….Suvr
Page 5 and 6: Studies on….RESU
Page 11: Studies on….Suvr

Studies on Antimicrobial Properties of Vegetable, Fruit & Spice ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?