Trinidad & TobagoLocation: Trinidad and Tobago lay in the Caribbean Sea of the northeast coast of Venezuela.Population: 1,300,000 inhabitantsLanguages: English(official), Hindi, French, Spanish and ChineseEthnicity/ Race: Indian 40%, African 37.5%, Mixed 20.5%, Other 1.2% and 0.8% unspecified.Religions: Roman Catholic 26%, Anglican 8%, Baptist 7%, Pentecostal 7%, Seventh- Day Adventist 4%, Other Christian 6% Hindu,Islam 6% and 2% declared as non Religious.Monetary Unit: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar.Trinidad and Tobago are generally considered as part of the West Indies by virtue of its geographical and historical heritage in theCaribbean. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago’s economy is primarily industrial-based, with an emphasison petroleum and petrochemicals. It is the wealthiest independent Caribbean country, boasting a high standard of living and high literacyrates. Although Tobago is often referred to as «the jewel of the Caribbean» and contains a number of resort areas, Trinidad and Tobagoas a whole does not heavily rely on tourism as a source of revenue although the climate is tropical. There are two seasons annually: thedry season for the first six months of the year, and the wet season during the second half of the year.Trinidad and Tobago are one of the most prosperous and stable democratic nations in the Caribbean with 1.3 million inhabitants. Twomajor ethnic groups - Afro-Trinidadians and Indo-Trinidadians - account for almost 80% of the population, while people of mixed-race,European, Chinese and Syrian-Lebanese descents present most of the rest of the population.14
HistoryA visit to Trinidad today would reveal a multicultural melting pot stirred by the descendantsof settlers from Europe, Africa, Asia, South America and the Middle East. But in 1498, whenexplorer Christopher Columbus set foot on Trinidad, things were very different.Arawak and Carib Indians prospered here on an island the Amerindians called Ieri, land ofthe Humming Bird, until Columbus spotted the island he named for the Holy Trinity. Whenthe Spaniards discovered no precious metals on Trinidad, the Amerindians were enslavedand shipped off to work on other Caribbean settlements.Trinidad remained under the control of Spain till the end of the 18th century. It was takenover by the British in 1797 and was converted into a British colony at the beginning of the19th century. Since then, it was the British influence that controlled the administration andthe economy of Trinidad.Tobago, unlike Trinidad, was controlled by the French, the Dutch, Spaniards and the Englishat different period of times. Tobago changed European hands for 22 times before beingfinally over by Great Britain in 1814. Trinidad and Tobago got incorporated into a single colony in 1888.However in 1962, Trinidad and Tobago gained complete independence and became a member of the British Commonwealth . In 1976,this was declared as republic with an elected president to head an independent government.CuisineThe Cuisine of Trinidad and Tobago indicates a mix of Amerindian, European, African, Creole, Indian, Chinese and Lebanese gastronomicinfluences. The Curry Chicken and Roti is a nationally well-known main cuisine of Trinidad and Tobago. This dish was adopted from EastIndian roots. Another nationally popular cuisine with distinctly African and indigenous roots is Callaloo. As one might expect in an islandnation, seafood dominates Trinidad and Tobago cuisine. Pelau, a rice-based dish, is also a standard dish in Trinidad and Tobago. Otherlocal dishes include coo coo, sancoche, macaroni pie and oil down. Lobster, king fish, crab, and even shark are often on the menu. Youcannot go to Trinidad and Tobago without having a taste of bake and shark with all its condiments. Curried crab and dumplings is a topdish on the island of Tobago. As for coconuts, when it comes to a national drink, one could effectively nominate coconut water.CultureThe Trinidad culture is heavily dominated by native Africans and native Indians. Trinidad and Tobago is famous for its pre-Lenten TrinidadCarnival. It is also the birthplace of calypso music and the steel pan, which is widely claimed to be the only acoustic musical instrumentinvented during the 20th century. The diverse cultural and religious background allows for many festivities and ceremonies throughoutthe year. Other indigenous art forms include soca (a derivate of calypso), chutney, and pichakaree and the famous Limbo dance.Theartistic scene is vibrant. Trinidad and Tobago claims two Nobel Prize-winning cultural authors, V. S. Naipaul and St. Lucian-born DerekWalcott. Mas’ designer Peter Minshall is renowned not only for his Trinidad carnival costumes, but also for his role in openingceremonies. Tobago culture is rich in folklore music and dance inspired by the African heritage of its inhabitants.15