EN - English Grammar for the Utterly Confused.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

40ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSEDA package was taken home. (The speaker is not indicated.)A delicious meal was served by me.Notice that in the passive voice, the sentence does not start with the subject. The first sentencestarts with the object, “a package.” The second sentence starts with the object, “adelicious meal.”In general, use the active voice whenever possible because it is more direct and forceful.Using the active voice makes your writing crisp and powerful. The active verb is one wordrather than two. Further, there is no need for a prepositional phrase beginning with “by” ifyou use the active voice.Using the passive voice is preferable over the active voice under two conditions:●You don’t want to assign blame.A mistake occurred with the filing system.Not surprisingly, the passive voice is very often found in business writing and speech. Thishelps the writer or speaker avoid “finger pointing.”●It’s a WrapYou don’t know who did the action.A prank phone call was made at 2:00 A.M.✔ A verb’s tense shows when the action takes place. Use the right order oftenses to show the correct order of events.✔ English✔ Voiceverbs are divided into two classes: regular and irregular. Theseclassifications come from the way the verb forms its past tense and pastparticiples.shows whether the subject acts (active voice) or is acted upon (passivevoice). In general, use the active voice instead of the passive voice.TestYourselfQUESTIONSTrue-False Questions1. English has six verb tenses. Each of the six tenses has two forms: basic and progressive(also known as “perfect”).2. The progressive form shows action, occurrence, or state of being that is taking placeright here and now.3. The tense of English verbs is formed from helping verbs and principal parts.4. There are eight different past tenses. Each one indicates a subtle shift in time.5. The past tense and past participle forms of irregular verbs are created by adding -d,-ed, or -t to the present form but the vowel doesn’t change.
Using Verbs Correctly416. Lie means “to be in a reclining position.” Lie conjugates to lie, lay, lain.7. Lay means “to put down.” Lay conjugates to lay, laid, laid.8. Use the two past verb forms to show events that take place now.9. Use the six past forms (simple past, present perfect, past perfect, past progressive,present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive) to show events that took placebefore the present.10. Use the four future forms (simple future, future perfect, future progressive, futureperfect progressive) to show events that take place in the future.Completion QuestionsSelect the word that best completes each sentence.1. Croatia (is, was) the first country to recognize the United States in 1776.2. Ross Perot (resign, resigned, resigning) from the General Motors board of directorsbecause of its decision to purchase Hughes Aircraft Company.3. John Wilkes Booth (shotted, shot, shooted) Lincoln in a theater and was found in awarehouse.4. Theodore Roosevelt (won, winned, wonned) the Nobel Prize for his arbitration oftreaty discussions at the end of the Russo-Japanese War.5. The Dominican Republic was called Santo Domingo when it first (gained, gain)independence.6. The national anthem of the Netherlands is the oldest national anthem in the world:The music (appeart, appeared) in 1572, the lyrics in 1590.7. James Garfield could (wrote, write) Latin with one hand and Greek with theother—simultaneously.8. Before Bill Clinton, no left-handed American president had ever (serve, served)two terms.9. Only three Presidents (have graduated, graduate) from the military academies:Grant and Eisenhower from West Point, and Carter from Annapolis.10. The U.S. Constitution stipulates that, to be eligible for the Presidency, a candidatemust be a natural-born citizen, must (have lived, live) in the United States for a minimumof 14 years, and must be at least 35 years old.11. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first U.S. president to have a presidential aircraft, buthe only (flewed, flew) on the airplane once, to travel to the Yalta conference duringWorld War II.12. Of all U.S. presidents, none (live, lived) to be older than John Adams, who died atthe age of 91.13. John Quincy Adams (taked, took) his last skinny-dip in the Potomac on his seventyninthbirthday.
Page 2 and 3: Want to learn more?,We hope you enj
Page 5 and 6: AcknowledgmentsIwould like to thank
Page 7 and 8: xContentsUsing Who, Which, That 26I
Page 9 and 10: xiiContentsCommas 150Dashes 153Elli
Page 11 and 12: PrefaceIhave the world’s nicest s
Page 13 and 14: PART 1Welcome toGrammarlandCopyrigh
Page 15 and 16: 4ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CO
Page 21 and 22: 10ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY C
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2Using Pronouns CorrectlyDo
Page 31 and 32: Using Pronouns Correctly21I like to
Page 33 and 34: Using Pronouns Correctly23Answer: T
Page 35 and 36: Using Pronouns Correctly251. A pron
Page 37 and 38: Using Pronouns Correctly27Use that
Page 39 and 40: Using Pronouns Correctly29(c) When
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 4Using Adjectives andAdverb
Page 58 and 59: Using Adjectives and Adverbs Correc
Page 70 and 71: CHAPTER 5Agreement: MatchingSentenc
Page 72 and 73: Agreement: Matching Sentence Parts6
Page 86 and 87: CHAPTER 6The 25 Most CommonUsage Pr
Page 88 and 89: The 25 Most Common Usage Problems79
Page 100 and 101:
The 25 Most Common Usage Problems91
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
PART 3SentenceSenseCopyright 2003 b
Page 110 and 111:
102ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
CHAPTER 8Writing Correct andComplet
Page 124 and 125:
Writing Correct and Complete Senten
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
CHAPTER 9Sentence Coordination andS
Page 140 and 141:
Sentence Coordination and Subordina
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
CHAPTER 10PunctuationDoI Needto Rea
Page 154 and 155:
Punctuation1492. Use an apostrophe
Page 156 and 157:
Punctuation151Here’s the overall
Page 158 and 159:
Punctuation153Confusing: Luisa dres
Page 160 and 161:
Punctuation155Periods1. Use a perio
Page 162 and 163:
Punctuation157It’s a Wrap✔ Punc
Page 164 and 165:
Punctuation1593. Why is there a com
Page 166 and 167:
Punctuation161Completion Questions1
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
PART 5Struttin’Your Stuffwith Sty
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
CHAPTER 13Diction and ConcisenessDo
Page 200 and 201:
Diction and Conciseness199Notice al
Page 202 and 203:
Diction and Conciseness2012. Choose
Page 204 and 205:
Diction and Conciseness203Redundant
Page 206 and 207:
Diction and Conciseness205Wordy:Bet
Page 208 and 209:
Diction and Conciseness2077. (Verna
Page 210 and 211:
Diction and Conciseness209(c) Intel
Page 212 and 213:
CHAPTER 14Words and Expressionsto A
Page 214 and 215:
Words and Expressions to Avoid213Bi
Page 216 and 217:
Words and Expressions to Avoid215Bu
Page 218 and 219:
Words and Expressions to Avoid2173.
Page 220 and 221:
Words and Expressions to Avoid2199.
Page 222 and 223:
Words and Expressions to Avoid221(c
Page 224 and 225:
Words and Expressions to Avoid223Co
Page 226 and 227:
IndexCopyright 2003 by The McGraw-H
Page 228 and 229:
228Indexalthough, as subordinating
Page 230 and 231:
230IndexEditorial clarification, br
Page 232 and 233:
232IndexNegative prefixes, 55neithe
Page 234 and 235:
234IndexPronouns (Cont.):adjectives
Page 236:
236IndexTitles of people (Cont.):no
show all

EN - English Grammar for the Utterly Confused.pdf

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?