MICROWAVE OPTICS - Granular Materials Laboratory

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Microwave Optics012-04630FNotes16
012-04630F Microwave OpticsExperiment 4: Refraction Through a PrismEQUIPMENT NEEDED:– Transmitter– Goniometer– Receiver– Rotating Table– Ethafoam Prism mold with styrene pellets– ProtractorIncidentWaven 1n 2Boundary betweenmediaq 1q 2IntroductionAn electromagnetic wave usually travels in astraight line. As it crosses a boundary betweentwo different media, however, the direction ofpropagation of the wave changes. This changein direction is called Refraction, and it is summarizedby a mathematical relationship knownas the Law of Refraction (otherwise known asSnell’s Law):n 1sinq 1= n 2sinq 2;where q 1is the angle between the direction of propagation of the incident wave and thenormal to the boundary between the two media, and q 2is the corresponding angle for therefracted wave (see Figure 4.1). Every material can be described by a number n, calledits Index of Refraction. This number indicates the ratio between the speed ofelectromegnetic waves in vacuum and the speed of electromagnetic waves in the material,also called the medium. In general, the media on either side of a boundary will have differentindeces of refraction. Here they are labeled n 1and n 2. It is the difference betweenindeces of refraction (and the difference between wave velocities this implies) whichcauses “bending”, or refraction of a wave as it crosses the boundary between two distinctmedia.In this experiment, you will use the law of refraction to measure the index of refractionfor styrene pellets.Procedure1 Arrange the equipment as shown in Figure 4.2. Rotate the empty prism mold and seehow it effects the incident wave. Does itreflect, refract, or absorb the wave?2 Fill the prism mold with the styrene pellets.To simplify the calculations, align the face ofthe prism that is nearest to the Transmitterperpendicular to the incident microwavebeam.3 Rotate the movable arm of the Goniometerand locate the angle q at which the refractedsignal is a maximum.17RefractedWaveFigure 4.1 Angles of Incidence and RefractionEthafoam PrismRotating TableFigure 4.2 Equipment Setup
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MICROWAVE OPTICS - Granular Materials Laboratory

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