Coral Reef Rehabilitation - unwto

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Report on Artificial Coral Reef ConstructionReport on Artificial Coral Reef Construction4. Increasing skill of community groups activein conservation, which are the core group inconducting coral transplantation. It will supportrehabilitation and conservation of coral reef inPangandaran at the future.5. Establishment of coral reef education orawareness program1.3. Scope of Activity1. Initiation and Preparation, including series ofmeeting with LWG and KMPP to develop activityframework, and select design for the construction2. Survey to determine transplantation site and coralgerm resources.3. Implementation of construction activities.• Coral transplantation field activity (sample plotestablishment)• Implementation of construction activities.• Determination of transplantation activitythat covers resources sharing among keystakeholders.4. Development of coral ‘adoption’ program.5. Development of tour package, including preparingflyer for visitors~ ~6. Progress Report on design, constructionimplementation, and tour package development.7. Conduct press tour; targeting press and studentscoming from the village where their parentsselling or collecting live shell for souvenir8. Develop mechanism for monitoring andevaluation.9. Growth monitoring and controlling oftransplanted coral which are continuouslyimplemented by local community group10. Community awareness and conservationeducation• Socialization of coral transplantation program• Develop code of conduct among relatedstakeholders.11. Conduct an evaluation meeting to fine tune theprogram.12. Final report on implementation of coral reefconstruction.1.4. Activity ScheduleAll activities are scheduled to take place in 5(five)months from November 2008 to March 2009, asdetailed below:No Activity Oct08 Nov08 Dec09 Jan09 Feb09 Mar09 Apr091 InitiationandPreparation, includingseriesofmeetingwithLWGandKMPPtodevelopactivityframework,andselectdesignfortheconstruction2 Surveytodetermine transplantationsiteandcoralgermresources.3 Implementationof constructionactivities. Coraltransplantation fieldactivity(sampleplotestablishment) Implementationof constructionactivities. Determinationof transplantationactivitythatcoversresourcessharingamongkeystakeholders.4 Developmentofcoral adoptionprogram.No Activity Oct08 Nov08 Dec09 Jan09 Feb09 Mar09 Apr0956789101112Developmentoftourpackage,includingpreparingflyerforvisitorsProgressReportondesign,constructionimplementation,andtourpackagedevelopment.Conductpresstour;targetingpressandstudentscomingfromthevillagewheretheirparentssellingorcollectingliveshellforsouvenirDevelopmechanismformonitoringandevaluation.GrowthmonitoringandcontrollingoftransplantedcoralwhicharecontinuouslyimplementedbylocalcommunitygroupCommunityawarenessandconservationeducation Socializationofcoraltransplantationprogram Developcodeofconductamongrelatedstakeholders.Conductanevaluationmeetingtofinetunetheprogram.Finalreportonimplementationofcoralreefconstruction. ~ ~
Report on Artificial Coral Reef ConstructionReport on Artificial Coral Reef ConstructionChapter 2Coral Reef as an ImportantAquatic EcosystemCoral reef is an ecosystem which isecologically and economically important tocoastal areas. The terminology coral reef isfamiliar and heard frequently, since this ecosystemis known as a beautiful and unique marine garden.Coral reef is known for its beautiful shape and color.This beautiful ecosystem is home for many kinds oforganisms with different colors and attractive shapes.Coral reef is frequently called ‘Marine Park’ andbecomes a primary tourism attraction.2.1. Importance of Coral ReefBiologically, coral reef is a unique marine ecosystemsince it is formed through a complex balance ofbiological processes by different organisms, bothplants and animals. Generally, coral reef meansa hard substrate, which lies in shallow aquaticarea and becomes a habitat for marine biota. Theterm actually contains two words, which are ‘reef’and ‘coral’. ‘Reef’ or ‘animal reef’ is a group ofanimals, particularly Phylum of Cnidarians (Order ofScleractinia), calcareous algae, and calcium producersuch as sponge, mollusk, and phoraminiphores;which can transform carbonates into coral. ‘Coral’ isthe basic substrate produced by the sediment madeof calcium carbonates (CaCO3). Therefore, coralreef can be explained as a structure of carbonateshabitat made by reef animals. Tropical area is anabundant place for coral reef; because it provides theentire requirement as habitat and growing area forcoral animals. Temperature reaching 180C, salinitybetween 29 ppt – 30 ppt (part per thousand), highwater visibility, abundance of sunshine, good watercirculation, and solid of water based as a substratefor animal corals.Coral reef plays important role for human kind andin natural resources. Compared to other marineecosystems, coral reef has a high productivity, richbiodiversity, and high esthetic function. Coral animalscan be found in almost all seawater from north tosouth pole; however, coral animals that are able toform coral reef can live only in tropical areas. Basedon its ability to form coral reef, coral animals aredivided in two groups: hermatipic and ahermatipiccoral. In hermatipic coral cultures, a symbiotic algaeof zooxanthellae that produce CaCO3 are frequentlyfound, opposite to ahermatipic coral.Geographically, coral reefs are distributed in shallowwaters that lie around earth, from tropic to subtropicarea, at 35o of north latitude and 32o ofsouth latitude. Latitude line is the maximum limitfor coral reef growth area, since in this area livingrequirement for coral is available; such as depth ofwater, sunshine intensity, temperature, salinity, andground substrate (Suharsono, 1984).2.2. Importance of Coral Reef to Human WelfareCoral reef plays an important role in humankind suchas tourism attraction, fishery ground, natural coastalprotector, and biodiversity resources; as detailedbelow:• Function for BiodiversityCoral reef ecosystem has high productivity andbiodiversity. Species diversity per unit area ofcoral reef ecosystem is equal or higher than a unitarea of tropical forest. Coral reef is known as aknowledge laboratory particularly for biologicaland environmental study. Coral reef has highpotential for medicine, antivirus, anti cancer andother medical purposes.• Function for TourismThe beauty of coral, its biological richness, andwater clarity have made coral reef a favourablerecreation place. Skin diving or snorkeling, SCUBA,~ ~~ ~
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