Community Pharmacist Preceptor Education Program - Library

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success. It is better to identify and address problems earlyin the rotation than to wait until it is too late to rectify thesituation.Concluding a RotationThe end of a rotation can be an exciting and hectictime. Student pharmacists may feel pressure to completeall of their activities on time. Preceptors are responsible forcompleting evaluations and administrative requirementsfor the school. As part of the final assessment of yourstudent pharmacist, reflect on whether he or she is preparedto progress to the next level of education or to enter theworkforce.At the end of each rotation, set aside time with thestudent pharmacists to discuss your impressions of theirperformance and obtain their views of the experiences. Youcan begin this discussion by thanking them for their effortsduring the rotation, and then remark on specific outcomesthat impressed or pleased you. Also identify areas that youbelieve they can improve during their continued studiesand as they begin their careers. Aim to conclude rotationson a positive note and describe the student pharmacists’positive qualities and how they will help them becomegood pharmacists.Attend to any administrative responsibilities that youhave to report about the outcomes of the rotation to theschool of pharmacy and to your site’s management.Preceptors should perform continuous qualityimprovement activities for the rotation, just as they dofor clinical activities. Reflect on what worked well duringthe rotation, and where challenges arose. Consider whatcould be done to enhance or improve these aspects of therotation. Schools generally require student pharmacists toevaluate their preceptors. These evaluations can providevaluable feedback that you can use to perform continuousquality improvement activities for future rotations at yoursite. It may not be necessary to make major changes basedupon a single evaluation, but you should consider revisionswhen you see a pattern of suggested improvements.Finally, as you conclude the rotation, be proud ofyourself! You have performed a valuable service not onlyto your student pharmacist but also to the profession ofpharmacy and to public health by helping train the nextgeneration of pharmacists.ConclusionBeing a preceptor is often a very rewarding experience,allowing preceptors to act as mentors to studentpharmacists, and providing an opportunity for practicingpharmacists to give back to the profession and theircommunity. However, adequate preparation is required forsuccess. New preceptors should ensure that they carefullyplan the rotation in conjunction with the school’s officeof experiential education to design activities that meet thegoals and objectives of the rotation that they will conductfor the school.Effective preceptors are skilled and committedindividuals who care about serving as positive role modelsfor future pharmacists and devote the necessary attention tothe development of the students. In addition, it is essentialto maintain open lines of communication and providefeedback to the student pharmacist throughout the rotation.Clearly stating expectations to the student, and clarifyingany issues with the experiential program administrativeteam prior to or at the beginning of the rotation will help thestudent pharmacist achieve excellence. Providing ongoingsupport and guidance throughout the rotation, and a fairassessment at its completion, are essential responsibilitiesof the preceptor.Through serving as a preceptor, practicing pharmacistshave a great opportunity to help shape the future of thepharmacy profession as patient care roles continue toexpand. Thank you for your commitment to this process.References1. Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners Writing Team. JCPP Future Vision ofPharmacy Practice. Final Version. November 10, 2004. Available at: http://www.aacp.org/Docs/MainNavigation/Resources/6725_JCPPFutureVisionofPharmacyPracticeFINAL.pdf. Accessed April 18, 2007.2. Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. Accreditation Standards andGuidelines for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor ofPharmacy Degree. 2006. Available at: http://www.acpe-accredit.org/standards/default.asp. Accessed January 3, 2007.3. Nemire RE, Meyer SM. Educating students for practice: educational outcomes andcommunity experience. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(1):Article 20.4. Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA.2002;387:226–35.5. Reynolds JR, Briceland LL, Carter JT, et al. Experiential education delivery—ensuringsuccess through support and development of the faculty and administrative team:report of the 2004–2005 Professional Affairs Committee. Am J Pharm Educ.2005;69(5):Article S9.6. Dugan BD. Enhancing community pharmacy through advanced pharmacy practiceexperiences. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(1):Article 21.7. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Academic-Practice PartnershipInitiative. Pilot Project to Profile Exemplary Advanced Practice Experience Sites.September 14, 2006. Available at: http://www.aacp.org/Docs/MainNavigation/Resources/7681_APPIAPESPSProject.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2007.8. McDonough RP, Bennett MS. Improving communication skills of pharmacystudents through effective precepting. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(3):Article 58.9. Smith RE, Kerr RA, Nahata MC, et al. AACP Engaging Communities: AcademicPharmacy Addressing Unmet Public Health Needs. Report of the 2004–05Argus Commission. Available at: http://www.aacp.org/Docs/AACPFunctions/Governance/6822_2005ArgusreportEngaging Communities.doc?DocTypeID=4&TrackID=www.aacp.org/search/search.asp. Accessed July 7, 2006.10. Zweber A. Cultural competence in pharmacy practice. Am J Pharm Educ.2002;66:172–6.11. Thomas RA. Developing structured-learning exercises for a community advancedpharmacy practice experience. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(1):Article 23.12. Bonwell CC, Eison JA. Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the Classroom.ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports Series. Vol. 20. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &Sons; 1991.13. Koenigsfeld CF, Tice AL. Organizing a community pharmacy practice experience.Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(1):Article 22.14. Pharmacy Value Alliance. Pharmacist opportunity statements. Available at: http://www.pharmacyvaluealliance.org/pdf/oppstatement.pdf. Accessed March 12, 2007.15. Calomo JM. Teaching management in a community pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ.2006;70(2):Article 41.16. Beardsley RS. Chair report of the APhA-ASP/AACP-COD Task Force onProfessionalization: enhancing professionalism in pharmacy education andpractice. Am J Pharm Educ. 1996;60:26S–28S.17. Medical Professionalism Project. Medical professionalism in the new millennium:a physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:243–6.18. Hammer DP, Mason HL, Chalmers RK, et al. Development and testing of aninstrument to assess behavioral professionalism of pharmacy students. Am JPharm Educ. 2000;64:141–51.19. American Pharmacists Association. Code of Ethics for Pharmacists. October 27,1994. Available at: http://www.aphanet.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=2654&TEMPLATE=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm. Accessed January12, 2007.20. Stern DT, Papadakis M. The developing physician—becoming a professional.N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1794–9.21. Iwanowicz SL, Marciniak MW, Zeolla MM. Obtaining and providing healthinformation in the community pharmacy setting. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(3):Article 57.22. Hammer D. Improving student professionalism during experiential learning. Am JPharm Educ. 2006;70(3):Article 59.23. Kleffner JH. Becoming an Effective Preceptor. Updated 2004. Available at:http://www.utexas.edu/pharmacy/general/experiential/practitioner/becoming.pdf.Accessed April 9, 2007.24 APhA and NACDS Foundation
RESOURCESGeneral ResourcesAccreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. AccreditationStandards and Guidelines for the Professional Program inPharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree. 2006.http://www.acpe-accredit.org/standards/default.aspAmerican Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Academic-Practice Partnership Initiative. Pilot Project to Profile ExemplaryAdvanced Practice Experience Sites. 2006.http://www.aacp.org/Docs/MainNavigation/Resources/7681_APPIAPESPSProject.pdfAmerican Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. ProfessionalExperience Program Resource Library. A peer-reviewed, annotatedonline library of resources to prepare and support practitionereducators (preceptors) and professional experience programpersonnel.http://www.aacp.org/site/page.asp?TRACKID=&VID=1&CID=1227&DID=7044American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Center forthe Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education. EducationalOutcomes 2004.http://www.aacp.org/Docs/MainNavigation/Resources/6075_CAPE2004.pdfAmerican Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. Communitypharmacy supplement. 2006;70(1):Articles 19–23.http://www.ajpe.org/volsIssues/issueViewer.asp?vol=70&issue=01&YR=2006Hammer DP, Berger BA, Beardsley RS, Easton MR. Studentprofessionalism. J Am Pharm Educ. 2003;67(3):Article 96.National Association of Chain Drug Stores Foundation. Introductionto Chain Community Pharmacy Practice: A Learning Resource forPharmacy Interns and Their Preceptors.http://www.nacdsfoundation.org/resourceWalvoord BE, Anderson VJ. Effective Grading. A Tool for Learning andAssessment. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1998.Active LearningAngelo T, Cross KP. Classroom Assessment Techniques: AHandbook for College Teachers. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass;1993.Bonwell CC, Eison JA. Active Learning: Creating Excitement inthe Classroom. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports Series.Vol. 20. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 1991.Cusick J. Innovative Techniques for Large-Group Instruction.Arlington, VA: National Science Teachers Association; 2002.Foyle HC. Interactive Learning in the Higher EducationClassroom: Cooperative, Collaborative, and Active LearningStrategies. Washington, DC: National Education Association;1995.Communication SkillsAmerican Pharmacists Association and National Associationof Chain Drug Stores Foundation. Medication TherapyManagement. Training & Techniques for Providing MTM Servicesin Community Pharmacy. Washington, DC: APhA and NACDSFoundation; 2006.Berger BA. Communication Skills for Pharmacists. Washington,DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2005.Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational Interviewing. PreparingPeople for Change. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2002.Pharmacy Value Alliancehttp://www.pharmacyvaluealliance.org/index.phpContinuous Quality ImprovementDraugalis JR, Slack MK. A continuous quality improvementmodel for developing innovative instructional strategies. Am JPharm Educ. 1999;63:354–8.McLaughlin CP, Kaluzny AK, Kaluzny A. Continuous QualityImprovement in Health Care: Theory, Implementations, andApplications. Boston, MA: Jones & Bartlett; 2005.Zimmerman CR, Smolarek RT, Stevenson JG. Peer reviewand continuous quality improvement of pharmacists’ clinicalinterventions. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54:1722–7.Cultural CompetenceDiversityRxhttp://www.diversityrx.orgManagement Sciences for Health. The Provider’s Guide toQuality and Culture. http://erc.msh.org/mainpage.cfm?file=1.0.htm&module=provider&language=EnglishNational Center for Cultural Competencehttp://www11.georgetown.edu/research/gucchd/nccc/index.htmlU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HealthResources and Services Administration. Cultural CompetenceResources for Health Care Providers.http://www.hrsa.gov/culturalcompetence/Zweber A. Cultural competence in pharmacy practice. Am JPharm Educ. 2002;66:172–6.Time Management ToolsTime Management from Mind Toolshttp://www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_HTE.htmTime Management Guide from Time Thoughtshttp://www.timethoughts.com/time-management.htmSutherland T, Bonwell C. Using Active Learning in CollegeClasses: A Range of Options for Faculty. New Directions forTeaching and Learning Series. No. 67. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1996.The Community Pharmacist Preceptor Education Program 25
Page 1: The Community Preceptor Education P
Page 5: GLOSSARYAccreditation Council for P
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Page 10 and 11: TABLE 4. Conflict Resolution Skills
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