Proceedings of National Seminar on Postmodern Literary <strong>Theory</strong> and Literature , Jan. 27-28, 2012, Nandedexpanding the same, she says how unlike Jewsor Black or the Proletarians, women cannotthink of exterminating their oppressors.‘The bond that unites her to heroppressor is not comparable to any other’. Thisway, despite bringing about a comparison, sheconcludes how the problem of the subjugation ofthe woman is all together a different one.Speaking of the gender relation, deBeauvoir refers to the industrial revolution andthe entrance of women into productive labor andits consequences. She states how men dreadcompetition from women and consideremancipation of women as menace and want thesubmission of women to continue which is attheir benefit.She draws several examples from thecontemporary society highlighting the attitude ofmen towards women. Along with it she pointsout at the changing situations under whichwomen have entered the workplace that wasformerly restricted only to the men. But the maleego continues to treat her as the Other by citingthe quotations from Aristotle and St. Thomas.“Since the ancient times satirists and moralistshave delighted in showing up the weaknesses ofwomen”, saying so de Beauvoir makes clearhow women have been pushed to the peripheryfirst and them is justified to be fit for the sameplace.vertical and the oblique, and perfection andimperfection.this way, dealing with the concept ofwoman as the other, de Beauvoir analyses itconsidering the different perspectives –interrogating, comparing finally coming to herown conclusion with a justification of her point.Throughout the essay, she challenges theconventional notions with which the womenhave been made to accept their marginalization.With every new question that she raises, shesends a clear message that women should rejectthe traditional restraint of the patriarchal society.Bibliography• Contemporary Literary <strong>Theory</strong> : AStudent’s Companion, by NKrishnaswamy, Farmer professor,CIEFL, Hydrabad.• The Second Sex – Simone de Beauvoir.• Biography – Wikipedia.Speaking of the social discrimination,she points out how even the most sympathetic ofthe men cannot completely comprehend theproblems of women. Speaking of all those whohave been sympathetic towards women, shementions Montaigne, Diderot and J S Mill. Butat the same time highlights the fact that none ofthem has championed the cause of women.Drawing towards the conclusion shegives a call to start afresh discarding the vaguenotions the superiority and inferiority; the343 PLTL-2012: ISBN 978-81-920120-0-1
Proceedings of National Seminar on Postmodern Literary <strong>Theory</strong> and Literature , Jan. 27-28, 2012, NandedFeminism: A General Survey--Asia ParveenResearch Scholar, Telangana University,Nizamabad (AP)Women are undoubtedly equal to men inall spherves of life. But, unfortunately there isdiscrimination between men and women in allSocieties throughout the world. Thereforefeminists have been fighting for freedom frommale domination patriarchy.Feminism is an <strong>org</strong>anised movement forwomen's rights, interests, freedom andequality. There should be the political,economic and social equality of sexes in maledominated society. It is the aim that womenshould have the same rights and opportunitiesas men and so it needs struggle to achieve thisaim.According to the famous criticSethoraman, <strong>Feminist</strong> criticism is concernedwith "Women as the producer of textual,meanings with the history, thems, genres andstructures of literature by women".Feminism or feministic criticism was notinaugurated until late in 1960s as a distinctiveapproach to literature. Since 1969 there hasbeen an explosion of feminist writings. InAmerica, England, France and other countriesit is not a unitary procedure. It includesadaptations of psychoanalytical Marxist anddiverse poststructuralist theories. Westerncivilization is pervasively patriarchal infamilial, religious, political, economic, social,legal and artistic. Women themselves aretaught, in the process of being socialized, tointernalize the reigning patriarchal ideology.Simone de Beauvoir puts it,"One is not born, but rather becomes, awoman----- it is civilization as a whole thatproduces this creature ------ which is describedas feminine". By this cultural process, themasculine in our culture has come to beidentified as active, rational, creative,dominating, adventurous and feminine aspassive, emotional, timid, conventional.There are five main focal points:1. Biology:- Biological differencebetween man and woman has been the groundon which different, constructions have beenbuilt throughout mans history. But, makingbiological difference a base feminists reversethe theories rejecting the woman assubordinate, erecting massive theoretical framework. Gilbert, Gubert and Auerbach point outthat this difference rather should be regardedas special asset denied to men.2. Experience:- There are some people whoperceive women's experience as somethingspecial and unique, since woman haveundergone female experiences only they canspeak of women's life. The study of theliterary representation of these differences inwomen's writing has been calledGynocriticism.3. Discourse:- Women have been oppressedfor centuries by male dominated language.This aspect is discussed in Dale Spenders bookentitled "Man-made language". Roberttakeoff, another critic treats womens' languageas inferior, uncertain, trivial.French feminists give linguistic studypriority over other considerations andemphasize need to develop womens languageRevolutionary idea of 'parole de femme'strongly advocated by <strong>An</strong>nie Lecleve aimed atmaking the final beak with the dictator ship ofpatriarchal speech. Xaviere Gauthier andothers observe that at the moment women haveto choose between remaining mute or speakingin the language created by men and joiningthem. The need is to create third option, alanguage that would disrupt male dominatedspeech. This would deconstruct thePallacentric structures.4. The Unconscious:- The basic differencebetween men and women is psyche. It isshaped by the body, the growth of languageand sex role socialization. French feministsconcentrated on Freudian, neofreudian, andLacanian, Psychoanalytical theories, seeking to344 PLTL-2012: ISBN 978-81-920120-0-1