37º IAHS World Congress on Housing: - Universidad de Cantabria

University ofCantabriawww.iahshousing2010.unican.esiahshousing2010@unican.es37º <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong><strong>Congress</strong>onHousing:“DESIGN,TECHNOLOGY,REFURBISHMENTANDMANAGEMENTOFBUILDINGS”Santander(Spain)2629October 2010International Association for HousingScienceGRUPODETECNOLOGÍADELAEDIFICACIÓN.ETS.Ing.DeCaminos.Edif.Laboratorios.Avda.LosCastros s/n.39005SANTANDERSPAIN.Tfnos.942201743(38).Fax.942201747Email:gted@unican.esWww.gted.unican.es

UPDATED: August 6 th37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on Housing“DESIGN , TECHNOLOGY, REFURBISHMENT ANDMANAGEMENT OF BUILDINGS”Santander (Spain) 26-29 October 2010SECRETARÍA37º WORLD CONGRESS <strong>IAHS</strong>Universidad de CantabriaE.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de SantanderDepartamento de Ingeniería Estructural y MecánicaGrupo I+D de Tecnología de la Edificación (GTED-UC)Avda. Los Castros s/n 39005 SANTANDER (SPAIN)Tel: +34 942 201 738 (43) Fax: +34 942 201 747E-mail: iahshousing2010@unican.eswww.iahshousing2010.unican.es37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science

ÍNDICE1. HONORARY COMMITTEE __________________________________________________ 12. INTRODUCTION__________________________________________________________ 23. ENTIDADES PATROCINADORAS _____________________________________________ 34. ENTIDADES COLABORADORAS ______________________________________________ 45. SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE ____________________________________________________ 56. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE__________________________________________________ 7LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ______________________________________________ 7ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE <strong>IAHS</strong>_________________________________________ 77. PAPERS - STATISTICS ____________________________________________________ 88. TOPICS - STATISTICS ____________________________________________________ 99. CONFERENCE VENUE ____________________________________________________ 1010. CONGRESS SCHEDULE _________________________________________________ 1211. CONFERENCE ROOMS __________________________________________________ 1312. OPENING ___________________________________________________________ 1613. PLENARY SESSIONS ___________________________________________________ 1714. TECHNICAL SESSIONS __________________________________________________ 30OCTOBER 26, 2010________________________________________________________ 30OCTOBER 27, 2010________________________________________________________ 34OCTOBER 28, 2010________________________________________________________ 3815. CLOSSING___________________________________________________________ 4216. TECHNICAL EXPOSITION (STANDS) ________________________________________ 4317. SOCIAL PROGRAM_____________________________________________________ 44TRIP A: MARITIME MUSEUM + PEDREÑA (ONLY FOR COMPANIONS)__________________ 45RECEPTION COCKTAIL BY THE MAYOR OF SANTANDER ____________________________ 47TRIP B: CASTILLO’S CAVES + PUENTE VIESGO (ONLY FOR COMPANIONS) _____________ 48RECEPTION BY THE HEADMASTER OF TOURISM OF THE CANTABRIA GOVERNMENT ______ 50GALA DINNER____________________________________________________________ 51POST-CONGRESS TRIP (OPTIONAL) ___________________________________________ 5218. SANTANDER’S MAP ___________________________________________________ 5419. ABSTRACTS OF THE CONGRESS___________________________________________ 55TOPIC I – MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION. __________________________ 56TOPIC II – DESIGN FOR SUSTANIBILITY AND REFURBISHMENT.______________________ 113TOPIC III – SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF HOUSING PROJECTS.______________________ 167TOPIC IV – HEALTH, COMFORT AND SAFETY POLICIES. ___________________________ 194TOPIC V – DESIGN FOR HOUSE PROJECTS.______________________________________ 213TOPIC VI – URBAN AND CITY PLANNING. TRANSPORT POLICIES. ____________________ 232TOPIC VII – ECONOMY AND FINANCING POLICIES. _______________________________ 262TOPIC VIII – MANAGEMENT SCHEMES AND MAINTENANCE. _______________________ 270TOPIC IX – BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION: STRUCTURES, SERVICES ANDCLADDINGS. ____________________________________________________________ 289TOPIC X – PATHOLOGY AND REHABILITATION. _________________________________ 33337º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science

1. HONORARY COMMITTEEPENDIENTE DECONFIRMARPresidente de Honor:Su Alteza Real el Príncipe de Asturias,Don Felipe de Borbón y GreciaExcma. Sra. Dª.Beatriz CorredorSierraMinistra de Viviendadel Gobierno deEspañaExcma. Sra. Dª. CristinaGarmendia MendizabalMinistra de Ciencia eInnovación del Gobiernode EspañaExcmo. Sr. D. AgustínIbáñezDelegado del Gobiernode España enCantabriaExcmo. Sr. D. MiguelÁngel Revilla RoizPresidente deCantabriaExcmo. Sr. D. José MaríaMazón RamosConsejero de ObrasPúblicas, Ordenación delTerritorio, Vivienda yUrbanismoExcmo. Sr. D.Francisco Javier LópezMarcanoConsejería de Cultura,Turismo y DeporteExcmo. Sr. D. Íñigo de la SernaHernáizAlcalde del Excmo. Ayuntamiento deSantanderExcmo. y Magfco. Prof. D.FedericoGutiérrez-Solana SalcedoRector de la Univ. deCantabriaIlmo. Prof. D. Pedro SerranoBravoDirector de la E.T.S. deIngenieros de Caminos,Canales y Puertos de Santander37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 1

2. INTRODUCTIONThe International Association for Housing Science (<strong>IAHS</strong>), this year 2010, is celebrating the37 th <strong>Congress</strong>. They are a tradition and annually, held in a different country. Last <strong>Congress</strong>was held in Kolkata, India. Before it, it was Melbourne, Australia.As the issues related to human habitat are important and global, <strong>IAHS</strong> dwells on theseissues, identifies them, searches knowledge based solutions to them. These congresses arethe effectice way to gather competent experts on various fields, to join together and createan environment for discussions. The outcome of these deliberations are published in the<strong>IAHS</strong> Journal and the <strong>Congress</strong> Proceedings.<strong>IAHS</strong> was established at the University of Missouri, USA in 1972 as a Non-Profit ScientificOrganization. It is a member of the United Nations as a Non-Governmental organization withaccreditations in New York, Geneva, Vienna.The <strong>IAHS</strong> Motto is: Progress through interdisciplinary cooperation and research. Thisemphasizes the importance of the expansion of knowledge based actities to help improve theglobal shelter problems. People wants better homes and better environment for their families.This is a correct and continuous aspirations. A genuine concern, fom our part, is mandatoryand necessary to find ways to help. <strong>IAHS</strong> is in this venture for good. And it is doing its share.The University of Cantabria (UC) – Spain, through its R & D Group of Building Technology(GTED), was invited to co-organize and manage this <strong>Congress</strong> at the beginning of 2009. UCwelcomed this project with great interest and saw it as an important challenge: In fact, itaffects and strengthens the strategic goal of internationalization of our university, in line withthe honor and award of “Cantabria International Campus” that we have achieved in 2009.From the beginning, three Administrations decided to promote this conference: TheGovernment of Spain, the Government of Cantabria and the City of Santander. Also, theProfessional Associations linked to the multidisciplinary Building field and other Entities of theRegion added their support: The combination of all these forces has been possible to reachthe target.Also, for the UC School of Civil Engineering, aimed in teaching and research in the world ofConstruction in general and, therefore, in the Building in particular (which means, in Spainand Europe, approximately 75% of the construction sector) and for its R & D Group ofBuilding Technology, the celebration of this <strong>Congress</strong> is an important milestone in our historyof more than 40 years. In fact, it reinforces our project of giving a specific universitary degreein the Building field.Finally, <strong>IAHS</strong> and UC are deeply grateful to all who have made this 37 th <strong>Congress</strong> possible:Sponsors, Collaborators Entities, Keynote speakers, Scientific Committee, Authors who havesubmitted their Papers and <strong>Congress</strong>members in general. Thank you very much, again,everybody.Prof. Oktay UralPresident of the InternationalAssociation for HousingScience (<strong>IAHS</strong>)Prof. Luis Villegas<strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> ChairmanFull Professor. University ofCantabria37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 2

3. ENTIDADES PATROCINADORASPATROCINADOR PERSONA CargoExcma. Sra. Dña. BeatrizCorredor Sierra.Excma. Sra. Dª. CristinaGarmendia MendizabalExcmo. Sr. D. AgustínIbáñezMinistra de Vivienda.Ministra de Ciencia eInnovaciónDelegado del Gobierno deEspaña en CantabriaExcmo. Sr. D. MiguelÁngel Revilla.Excmo. Sr. D. José MaríaMazón RamosExcmo. Sr. D. FranciscoJavier López MarcanoIlmo. Sr. D. FranciscoJavier Gómez BlancoIlmo. Sr. D. Justo BarredaCuetoPresidente de Cantabria.Consejero de Obras Publicas,Ordenación Territorio, Vivienday UrbanismoConsejero de Cultura, Turismo yDeporte.Director General de Vivienda yArquitecturaDirector General de CulturaExcmo. Sr. D. Iñigo de laSernaIlmo. Sr. D. Cesar DíazMazaIlma. Sra. Dª Gema IgualÓrtizAlcalde de SantanderTercer Teniente de Alcalde.Concejal de Infraestructuras,Urbanismo y Vivienda.Concejala de Turismo yProtocolo37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 3

4. ENTIDADES COLABORADORASColegio de ArquitectosColegio de ArquitectosTécnicosColegio de Ingenieros deCaminos, C. y P.Colegio de IngenierosTécnicos de ObrasPúblicasColegio de IngenierosIndustrialesColegio de IngenierosTécnicos IndustrialesColegio Oficial deIngenieros deTelecomunicaciónFundación MarcelinoBotínFundación ComillasFundación LeonardoTorres QuevedoSociedad para elDesarrollo Regional deCantabriaParque Científico yTecnológico deCantabriaCámara de Comerciode CantabriaPuerto de Santander Banco Santander Caja CantabriaAIDICO - InstitutoTecnológico de laConstrucción de laComunidadValencianaIECA - InstitutoEspañol del Cementoy sus AplicacionesINTEMAC - InstitutoTécnico de Materiales yConstruccionesTECNALIA -CorporaciónTecnológica del PaísVasco37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 4

Name Organization Name OrganizationJosé A. Álvarez - University of Cantabria Pablo Gómez - University of CantabriaJosé A. Roig - MP Ascensores Paul Stouten - Delft University of Tech.José A. Martínez - University of Burgos Paulo Lourenço - University of MihnoJosé L. Ruiz - ACRON Paz Morer - University of NavarraJosé M. Adam - UPV - Valencia TECH Pedro A. Calderón - UPV - Valencia TECHJosé M. López-Higuera - University of Cantabria Pedro Díaz-Simal - University of CantabriaJose P. Fernández - University of Oviedo Pere Roca - UPC - Barcelona TECHJose R. Aranda - University of Cantabria Peter Kuroshi - Covenant UniversityJosé T. San José - TECNALIA Peter Schmid - Eindhoven Univ. of Tech.Jose V. Fuente - AIDICO Pilar Alonso - University of ValladolidJozef Junák - Tech. University of Košice R. Mendes da Silva - University of CoimbraJuan A. Polanco - University of Cantabria Ramadam Belgasem - University of Al-FatehJuan Monjó - UPM - Madrid TECH Ramón Collado - University of CantabriaJulian Díaz del Valle - University of Cantabria Ramón Losada - Univ. of Vasque CountryLuc Schueremans - UK Leuven Ramón Sancibrián - University of CantabriaLuigi Mollo - Second University of Naples Renato Iovino - University of NaplesLuis Agulló - UPC - Barcelona TECH Robert Masztalski - Wroclaw Univ. of Tech.Luis Villegas - University of Cantabria Rogelio Olavarri - University of CantabriaMariela de Fino - Polytechnic Univ. of Bari Romeu da Silva Vicente - University of AveiroMaria R. Veiga - N. L. of Civil Eng. - LNEC Rosa Bustamente - UPM - Madrid TECHMª Victoria Biezma - University of Cantabria Rui Calejo - University of PortoManuel Manso - University of Burgos Salvatore Losco - Second University of NaplesManuel Ruiz Teican Sebastiano D’urso - University of CataniaManuela Grecchi - Politecnico de Milán Sahar Hassan - University of CairoMaria J. Casati - UPM - Madrid TECH Salvador Ivorra - University of AlicanteMariana Brumaru - Tech. Univ. of Cluj-Napoca Senthivel Ramakrishnan - ACCIONA I+DMassimo Piccoto - University of Pescara Santiago Sánchez-Beitia - Univ. of Vasque CountryMiguel A. Serna - University of Cantabria Sara Fasana - Politecnico de TorinoMiguel Cavique - Polytech. Institute of Setúbal Sayed Ettouney - University of CairoMiguel Gonçalves - University of Porto Sergio Cicero - University of CantabriaMª Luisa Ruiz-Bedia - University of Cantabria Soledad Nogués - University of CantabriaNarcisa Hadzic - University of the IUS Stefania Marletta - University of CataniaNasamat Abdel-Kader - Cairo University Subrata Chattopadhyay -Institute of TechnologyDiamond Harbour RoadNelson Tuesta - Europ. Univ. M. de Cervantes Teh Kem Jin - National Univ. of SingapurNihal Arioglu - Istanbul Technic. University Tom Hughes - Nottingham Trent UniversityOktay Ural - Florida Internat. University Vasco Peixoto da Freitas - FEUP PortoOluwole Alagbe - Covenant University Vitor Abrantes - FEUP PortoOrlando Rincón - University of La Salle37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 6

6. ORGANIZING COMMITTEELOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE• Prof. Luis Villegas. Full Professor of the University of Cantabria. Director of GTED.• Prof. Pedro Serrano. Director of the ETS Ingenieros de Caminos, C. y P. of Universityof Cantabria.• D. Benjamín Piña. Delegate of the Public Works Ministry in Cantabria.• D. Francisco Javier Gómez. Director of Housing of the Government of Cantabria.• D. Justo Barreda. Director of Cultura of the Government of Cantabria.• D. Cesar Díaz. Works Councilor of the City of Santander.• Dª. Gema Igual Ortiz. Tourism Councilor of the City of Santander.• Ing. Ignacio Lombillo. Assistant Lecturer of the University of Cantanbria. GTED-UCCoordinator.• Ing. Clara Liaño. GTED-UC.• Lic. Pablo Gómez. GTED-UC.• Ing. Jorge Elices. GTED-UC.• Ing. Cesar Carrasco. GTED-UC.ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE <strong>IAHS</strong>President:• Prof. Oktay Ural (Florida International University – Miami, USA)Directors:• Prof. Vitor Abrantes (University of Porto – Porto, Portugal)• Prof. Robert Krapfenbauer (University of Vienna – Vienna, Austria)• Prof. Fernando Tinoco (University of Miami – Miami, USA)• Prof. H. W. Viswanath (University of Bangalore – Bangalore, India)• Dr. Adel Fareed (Cairo, Egypt)Treasurer:• Prof. Le Roy Thompson (Florida International University – Miami, USA)Secretary:• Dr. Derin Ural-Serpengüzel (Technical University of Istanbul – Istanbul, Turkey)37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 7

7. PAPERS - STATISTICSPapers in the 37º <strong>IAHS</strong> Wordl <strong>Congress</strong> of Housing: Stder.SPAIN, Oct. 2010CONTINENTCOUNTRIESthat sendPapersNº total ofPapersreceivedEUROPE 16 271AFRICA 6 21AMERICA 3 13ASIA andOCEANÍA8 18TOTAL 33 323CountryNº PapersSpain 131Portugal 49Italy 39Turkey 17Slovakia 12Others 23Egypt 8Nigeria 6South Africa 2Others 5Brasil 8Mexico 4Others 1India 4Indonesia 4Irak 2Iran 2Others 624 June 201037º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 8

8. TOPICS - STATISTICSTOPIC I: MATERIALS AND METHODS OFCONSTRUCTIONNew materials and compositesOld materials with new usesWood. Factories of stone and brick.The traditional methods of constructionInnovating methods of constructionUse of local materialsTOPIC II: DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY ANDREFURBISHMENTCriteria of designUse of the renewable energiesBuildings of low power consumption.Using natural resourcesRefurbishment policies in citiesEnvironmental studies.TOPIC III: SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF HOUSINGPROJECTSSocial buildingsFinancing systemsParticipation of usersSupply of housesTOPIC IV: HEALTH, COMFORT AND SAFETYPOLICIESThe quality of the air in the interiorInner microclimateSystems of protection against firesToxicity of the construction equipmentsUse of the power natural resources in the houseControl of the atmospheric contaminationTOPIC V: DESIGN FOR HOUSE PROJECTSCriteria of designMethods and materialsNational and international legislationEarthquakes resistant buildingsTOPIC VI: URBAN AND CITY PLANNING.TRANSPORT POLICIES.Mountainous zones.The urban infrastructure. Water resources management.Planning of the sustainabilityTopographic systemsEcological establishmentsPolicies of house of the European UnionPolicies and programs of house for construction of thenation.Transports in cities.TOPIC VII: ECONOMY AND FINANCING POLICIESMeasures of support to the private economyGovernments supporting the economyPublic and deprived companiesInvestment funds.TOPIC VIII: MANAGEMENT SCHEMES ANDMAINTENANCECriteria of designManagement of the maintenanceManagement of facilitiesManagement of the constructive processQuality, Environment and Prevention of Labor RisksTechniques, equipment and materialsRenovation and new ideas of managementTOPIC IX: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY ANDCONSTRUCTION: STRUCTURES, SERVICES ANDCLADDINGS.Technological bases and concepts.Evolution of the technology in the construction.Industrialization and precast solutions. Intelligentbuildings.Technology of structures and geotechnic.Services, equipment and facilities: Heating, airconditioning, lifts, electrical, plumbing, sewage,telecommunications, etc.Technology of claddings and finished closings.TOPIC X: PATHOLOGY AND REHABILITATIONHistorical and archaeological studies of the patrimony.Pathology of the constructionTechnologies in the refurbishment.Investigation and diagnose of damaged constructions.Non destructive technologies in the buildingsinvestigationTopic X;48; 15%Topic I;53; 16%Topic IX;46; 14%Topic VIII;19; 6%Topic II;54; 18%Figure:PAPERS FOR EACH TOPIC(Topic i; nº papers; %papers/total)Topic VII;7; 2%Topic VI;33; 10%Topic V;17; 5%Topic IV;20; 6%Topic III;26; 8%37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 9

9. CONFERENCE VENUEWorlg <strong>Congress</strong> will take place in the Magdalena’s site exhibition, Santander (Spain)The Royal Palace of La Magdalena is the most emblematic building of Santander, does nothave a definite style though he is catalogued like "eclectic picturesque", a mixture of Englishand French styles with incorporation of typical elements of the highland architecture. Onefinds placed in the peninsula of the same name, which has an extension of 28 hectares.On August 4th, 1913 there takes place the arrival of His Majesties, to take possession of thenew palatial residence. The Kings spend the summer in Santander for 17 consecutive yearsuntil 1930. Alfonso XIII finds in our city the best place to practise his favorite sports, wind andthe hunt. Also he plays tennis and from 1915 with the inauguration of the Field of Pole, canpractise this sport in La Magdalena. The Royal Caballerizas are from the same year.The press was gathering daily the "Veraneo Regio" (“Royal Summer”), informing about thelife and activities of the Royal Family who was frequenting the beaches of El Sardinero,famous internationally for the "Banos de Ola” (Bath of Waves). In this beach the Royal familyinstalled "La Caracola” (“The Shell"), a shed where the whole family was almost daily. Whilein the Palace there were celebrated numerous activities of great resonance and meetingswith some Ministers' CouncilsIn the different summer visits The Kings inaugurate different official centers, as the MunicipalLibrary or the Mercantile Bank and they were interested in the problems of the city, where37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 10

also the Spanish aristocracy used to come to spend the summer. El Sardinero and thestreets of around suffer a great transformation with the construction of villages and housesfor these new people. Besides the Royal Hotel, the new Great Casino of El Sardinero, one ofthe most ancient of Spain and Bellavista's Racetrack that will turn into the center of leisureand culture of Santander in this epoch.In the decade of the twenties the International Summer Courses of Santander were createdand in 1932 the International University of Santander, this one was celebrating the courses atthe Auditorium that was constructed for this effect and the Caballerizas remodelled asstudents' residence from 1933, his first rector was Menéndez Pidal.In the courses there took part the most prestigious figures of the Spanish intellectuality ofthese years and apart from the teachers and lecturers, the guests were numerous, as donMiguel or Federico García Lorca. This last one was coming with his workshop of theatre “LaBarraca” and had special resonance for his interpretations of the university theatre. Theserepresentations took place out of the Caballerizas.After a parenthesis due to the Spanish civil war it is necessary to wait until 1949 in order thatthere are reinstalled in The Palace the Summer courses of the International Universitynamed from this date "Menéndez Pelayo" (UIMP).In 1977 the City Hall of Santander by means of agreement with the Count of Barcelonarecovered the Royal place of La Magdalena and from this date the park remains opened forthe public, the most visited place of the city of Santander.In 1982 the palace was declared “historical artistic monument” and in December, 1993 theybegin the works of rehabilitation of the buildings of La Magdalena. Works that were finishedin 1995 and inaugurated by His Majesties Don Juan Carlos and Dona Sofía on June 14 ofthe same year. From this date La Magdalena is in use as Conference hall and Meetingsthough it continues preserving in its museum lounges and classrooms "el duende” (“thegoblin") that are recognized by all those who visit them.The Magdalena’s site exhibition account on two floors, in the first of them there are threeperfectly equipped rooms. Two of them have a capacity of 50 people while the third hasenough space to house 70.The auditorium, only building of the enclosure that still maintains the porpuse for wich is wasbuilt, is presented as an attractive forum for meetings wich a capacity of 328 people, to leaveroom for bib events.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 11

10. CONGRESS SCHEDULEDayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridayHourOctober 26October 27October 28October 298 h 30–9 h 00Distribution ofdocumentation9 h 00–9 h 30 OPENING (Room 0)Plenary sessions9 h 30–11 h 00(Room 0)Plenary sessions(Room 0)Plenary sessions(Room 0)11 h 00–11 h 30 Coffe Break Coffe Break Coffe BreakRoom 0 (Topic 1) Room 0 (Topic 1) Room 0 (Topic 3)11 h 30–13 h 30Room 1 (Topic 2) Room 1 (Topic 2) Room 1 (Topic 5)Room 2 (Topic 9) Room 2 (Topic 6) Room 2 (Topic 6)Room 3 (Topic 10) Room 3 (Topic 10) Room 3 (Topic 4)13 h 30–15 h 00 Lunch Lunch LunchPostcongresstrip(Optional)Room 0 (Topic 1)Room 0 (Topic 1)Room 0 (Topic 3)15 h 00–16 h 30Room 1 (Topic 2)Room 2 (Topic 9)Room 1 (Topic 2)Room 2 (Topic 9)Room 1 (Topic 5)Room 2 (Topic 6)Room 3 (Topic 10)Room 3 (Topic 10)Room 3 (Topic 4)16 h 30–16 h 45 Coffe Break Coffe Break Coffe BreakRoom 0 (Topic 1)Room 0 (Topic 1)Room 0 (Topic 3)16 h 45–18 h 45Room 1 (Topic 2)Room 2 (Topic 9)Room 1 (Topic 2)Room 2 (Topic 9)Room 1 (Topics 5, 7, 8)Room 2 (Topics 6, 8)Room 3 (Topics 8, 10)Room 3 (Topics 8, 10)Room 3 (Topics 4, 8)18 h 45–19 h 00 CLOSSING (Room 0)19 h 00–20 h 00Reception cocktail bythe Mayor of SantanderReception by the Ministerof Tourism of the of theCantabria Government(Folk music recital)21 h 00 GALA DINNER37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 12

11. CONFERENCE ROOMSThe <strong>Congress</strong> will be held in the Magdalena’s Peninsula in Santander city.The building complex is near to the Magdalena’s beach, which was rehabilitated andequipped to develop academic events (of the UIMP and of the University of Cantabria), as astudents' residence, and to enjoy other activities of the Santander city (Davis Cup of tennis,recitals, etc.).In the <strong>Congress</strong> will be used the Auditorium (that is an attractive forum for meetings with 328seats of capacity to accommodate large events, in this case the plenary sessions) and 4conference rooms (3 in the building complex of the Magdalena’s site exhibition and anotherone, very close to them, in the International Center for Technology and Port Authority).37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 13

The Auditorium is equipped with simultaneous translation, u-matic video high and lowfrequency, Betacam metal tape reading, VHS supports PAL, NTSC and SECAM, closedcircuit TV, air conditioning, area: 350m 2 .Auditorium of the Magdalena’s site exhibitionOf the three conference rooms (in the building complex of the Magdalena’s site exhibition),two of them have 50 seats capacity, and another for up to 70 seats. The rooms are equippedwith the following features: Centralized simultaneous translation and portable projector fixed /portable voice and data circuit, closed circuit tv, air conditioning.1. 70 seats room / 2. 50 seats room / 3. 50 people rooms / 4. Conference room CITAP (Cerda’slighthouse): 35 seats / 5. Coffee break area / 6. Gardens / 7. Secretariat.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 14

Also, the <strong>Congress</strong> will have an extra conference room courtesy of Santander Port Authority.The conference room CITAP (International Center for Technology and Port Authority) with 30people capacity, is fully equipped. The room is located in the Cerda’s lighthouse (in theMagdalenas’s Peninsula), a privileged place in Magdalena’s topography.Sunrise on the Cerda’s lighthouse (Room 4: Conference room CITAP)37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 15

12. OPENINGDía 26 de Octubre8 h 30–9 h 00 Distribution of documentation9 h 00–9 h 30 OpeningROOM 0 Prof. Federico Gutiérrez-SolanaSalcedo¿ Excma. Sra. Dª. Beatriz CorredorSierra ?Excmo. Sr. D. Miguel Ángel RevillaRoizSr. D. Íñigo de la Serna HernáizIlmo. Prof. D. Pedro Serrano BravoProf. Oktay UralProf. Luis Villegas CabredoExcmo. y Magfco. Rector de laUniversidad de CantabriaMinistra de Vivienda del Gobierno deEspañaPresidente de CantabriaAlcalde del Excmo. Ayuntamiento deSantanderDirector de la E.T.S. de Ingenieros deCaminos, Canales y Puertos deSantanderPresident of the InternationalAssociation for Housing Science(<strong>IAHS</strong>)Full Professor. University ofCantabria. Director of the OrganizingCommittee of 37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong><strong>Congress</strong> on Housing37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 16

13. PLENARY SESSIONSPLENARY SESSIONS (Room 0)DayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayHourOctober 26October 27October 288 h 30–9 h 00 Distribution of documentation9 h 00–9 h 30 OPENING¿¿??(Colegio de Ingenieros deCaminos, C. y P.)D. Fernando RodríguezPuertas(Colegio Oficial deIngenieros Industriales)9 h 30–10 h 00Prof. José Mª EzquiagaDomínguez(Colegio OficialdeArquitectos)Prof. José Calavera Ruiz(Colegio de IngenierosTécnicos de Obras Públicas)D. José Miguel Solans(Colegio Oficial deIngenieros TécnicosIndustriales)10 h 00–10 h 30D. Carlos Aymat Escalada(Consejo General de laArquitectura Técnica deEspaña)Prof. Carlos FernándezValdivielso(Colegio Oficial deIngenieros deTelecomunicación)Dr. Juan C. López Agüí(IECA)10 h 30–11 h 00Prof. Federico M.Mazzolani(AIDICO)Prof. Thanasis Triantafillou(TECNALIA)Prof. Jaime A. FernándezGómez(INTEMAC)Día 26 de Octubre9 h 30–11 h 00 Presiden Colegio Oficial deArquitectos de CantabriaColegio Oficial deArquitectos TécnicosAIDICO. Instituto Tecnológico de la Construcción de laComunidad ValencianaROOM 0 Orador TítuloProf. José Mª Ezquiaga DomínguezPáginaPresenta Colegio Oficial deArquitectos de CantabriaDecano D. Ignacio PeredaROOM 0 Orador TítuloD. Carlos Aymat EscaladaPresenta Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica deEspañaVicepresidenta del Consejo Dª Rosa Remolá i FerrerROOM 0 Orador Protection of historical buildingsProf. Federico M. MazzolaniPresenta AIDICOD. Javier Yuste Navarro. Director de la UnidadTécnica de Investigación en Seguridad y Tecnologíade la Construcción.PáginaPáginaDía 27 de Octubre9 h 00–11 h 00 Presiden Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, C. y P.Colegio de Ingenieros Técnicos de Obras PúblicasColegio Oficial de Ingenieros de TelecomunicaciónTECNALIA Corporación Tecnológica37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 17

ROOM 0 Orador Título¿¿??Presenta Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, C. y P.Decano del Colegio ICCP de Cantabria D. EnriqueCondePáginaROOM 0 Orador Tall buildings: specific aspectsProf. José Calavera RuizPresenta Colegio de Ingenieros Técnicos de Obras PúblicasPresidente del Colegio ITOP D. Gonzalo MenesesMartínROOM 0 Orador Multiservice networks based on intelligentsystems: a step forward toward energy saving inthe sustainable constructionProf. Carlos Fernández ValdivielsoPresenta Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros deTelecomunicaciónD. Eduardo Artal LatorreROOM 0 Orador Inovative materials for the rehabilitation ofbuildingsProf. Thanasis TriantafillouPresenta TECNALIA Corporación TecnológicaD. José Tomás San José Lombera. GerenteInvestigador Patología & Rehabilitación.Día 28 de Octubre9 h 00–11 h 00 Presiden Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros IndustrialesColegio Oficial de Ingenieros Técnicos IndustrialesIECA. Instituto Español del Cemento y sus AplicacionesINTEMAC. Instituto Técnico de Materiales y ConstruccionesROOM 0 Orador TítuloD. Fernando Rodríguez PuertasPáginaPresenta Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros IndustrialesDecano del Colegio IICANT D. Pedro Hernández CruzROOM 0 Orador Past, present and future of the energy in buildingD. José Miguel SolansPresenta Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros TécnicosIndustrialesDecano del COITI de Cantabria D. Aquilino de laGuerraROOM 0 Orador Cocrete and buildingsDr. Juan C. López AgüíPresenta IECA. Instituto Español del Cemento y susAplicacionesD. Manuel Burón Maestro. Director de Tecnología yNormativa del Hormigón.PáginaROOM 0 Orador Design quality control: Key pointsProf. Jaime A. Fernández GómezPresenta INTEMAC. Instituto Técnico de Materiales yConstruccionesXXXX37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 18

October 26, 9 h 30–10 h 00 (Room 0)Courtesy: Colegio Oficial deArquitectos de CantabriaPresentation: Decano D. Ignacio PeredaPROF. JOSÉ Mª EZQUIAGA DOMÍNGUEZPhD in Architecture (1990), Architecture degree (1979) and Degree inSociology and Political Sciences (1981).He has been linked to the city and the urban project from the very beginning ofhis professional career, taking on diverse urban responsabilities in Local andRegional Administrations in Madrid: Head of the Planning Department of theGerencia Municipal de Urbanismo of Madrid (1985-88), General Director ofUrbanism of the Madrid Region (1988-91) and General Director of UrbanPlanning and Concertation of the Madrid Region (1991-95).At present, as an independent professional, he manages the office of EzquiagaArquitectura Sociedad y Territorio. CONFIRMADONational Award for Urbanism 2005 and Gubbio European Award granted by the “Associazione NazionaleCentri Storico-Artistici de Italia”, 2006. Madrid Townhall Urbanism Award in the years 1986, 1989, 1995 and1997; Research Award from the Madrid Townhall (1990) and Urbanism Award granted by the “ColegioOficial de Arquitectos de Madrid” (1986).In the academic sphere, he is Professor of Urbanism of the Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura(Madrid) from 1995. Visiting Professor in the universities of Turin, Rome (La Sapienza), InstitutoUniversitario di Architettura di Venezia, TU Delft, Dortmund, Oxford Brooks, Brasilia, Nacional de Colombia(Bogotá and Medellín), Los Andes y Pontificia Universdad Javeriana (Bogotá), Buenos Aires andMontevideo. Faculty Associate of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (Cambridge, USA). Collaborator innumerous Master Degrees and Postgraduate Courses, including the Master in Territorial Policy andUrbanism of the Carlos III University of Madrid, and the Master of Urban Projects of the UniversidadPolitécnica de Cataluña. He has published one hundred essays and research papers in books andspecialised magazines in Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Holland, Switzerland, Spain and LatinAmerica.Has been President of the Urbanism Commission and member of the Board of the Colegio Oficial deArquitectos of Madrid (1999-2004) and formed part of the National Commission of Experts in Urbanism,constituted by the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Environment in 1995. Member of the AdvisoryBoard of Urbanism of the Madrid Townhall (2005-07).In the professional sphere, he has been Director of the Bases of the Regional Plan of the TerritorialStrategy of Madrid (1995) and Director of `Madrid Centro´ Strategic Project 2008-10. Furthermore, he isauthor and director of a lot of Regional Plans in Spain.Within the international scope, he has been Consultant of the European Commission (G.D. XVI) for thedevelopment of the “Terra” Program, has participated as an expert in “URB-AL” Programmes, V FrameworkProgramme for Research and Development and Interreg III- South Zone.Has been International Advisor inthe ellaboration of the “Ley de Ordenamiento Territorial” of Colombia and in the Master Plans for the citiesof Bogotá and Medellín; and consultant of the Inter-American Development Bank IDB in the development ofthe Territorial Strategy for the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (2006-07).ABSTRACT: THE PLANNING CRISIS AND NEW PLANNING PARADIGMSIn the Europe of the industrial revolution, modern urban planning emerged from the practical need ofensuring quality of life in cities and stable land markets, at a time when urban growth was seriouslydeteriorating life conditions in the traditional city and threatening the very efficiency of the economic system.Planning was born as an instrument to ensure citizen rights, and should exist insofar as it is today a tool todefend such rights. Two of these are essential: the right to enjoy, and to pass on to future generations, an‘inhabitable’ environment; and the right to housing. The regulations that limit land development, residentialdensity or land uses are not justified by an obsession about regulations; rather, they are useful to ensure airand sunshine for houses, sustainable mobility, citizens’ access to facilities and services, and the balancebetween an offer of developed land that is enough to meet residential needs, and environmentalpreservation.Town planning and management have been useful tools to reach high standards of urban quality that canbe approved, and even remarkable, in the European context. However, they have not been able to preventthe serious distortions that have affected Spanish cities in the past decade: squandered natural or culturalresources; declining traditional centres; higher environmental and infrastructural costs due to the new formsof scattered land occupation; the higher price of property products, particularly dwellings; socialfragmentation; or difficulties to adapt to a context of growing financial volatility.The key issue is to determine whether urban planning will be able to give an effective answer to the newproblems resulting from the new organisation of the post-metropolitan territory and the issue ofenvironmental limits. In my opinion, it is necessary to refound the social validity and legitimacy of urbanplanning on new principles if we want to achieve this goal. Two essential tasks emerge: theoretical work toreformulate the conventional concepts of town planning, and practical work to strengthen the ethicsassociated to the defence of public goods.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 19

October 26, 10 h 00–10 h 30 (Room 0)Courtesy: Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de EspañaPresentation: Vicepresidenta del Consejo Dª Rosa Remolá i FerrerD. CARLOS AYMAT ESCALADAABSTRACT:CONFIRMADO37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 20

October 26, 10 h 30–11 h 00 (Room 0)Courtesy: AIDICO. Instituto Tecnológico de la Construcción de la Comunidad Valenciana.Presentation: D. Javier Yuste Navarro. Director de la Unidad Técnica de Investigación enSeguridad y Tecnología de la Construcción.PROF. FEDERICO M. MAZZOLANIFull Professor of Structural Engineering at the Department of StructuralEngineering of the University of Naples “Federico II”.Doctor Honoris Causa at Technical University of Bucharest (1995).Doctor Honoris Causa at Politehnica University of Timisoara (1996).Charles Massonnet award (2001).Member of the Royal Academy of Engineers of Spain (since 2000)Member of the Academy of Engineers of Czech Republic (since 2004).President of the Doctoral School of Civil Engineering CONFIRMADO(since 2005) at theUniversity of Naples “Federico II”.President of the Master in Design of Steel Structures (since 2006) at the University of Naples“Federico II”.Chairman of the ECCS-TC 13 Committee “Seismic Design” (1985-2007). Chairman of the CEN-TC250/SC9 Committee “Design of Aluminium Structures” (since 1992). Chairman of the national“mirror” committee for Eurocode 3 (Steel structures), Eurocode 4(Composite steel-concretestructures) and Eurocode 9 (Aluminium structures) (1990-2006). Chairman of the InternationalSTESSA Conferences on the “Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas” (since 1994).Coordinator of the ILVA-IDEM research project on “Seismic upgrading of RC buildings by advancedtechniques (2000-2005). Coordinator of the international PROHITECH Project on “EarthquakeProtection of Historical Buildings by Mixed Reversible Technologies” (2004-2008).Chairman of the COST C26 Action on “Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events”(2006-2010). Chairman of the Steering Committee of SIJLAB “Sino-Italian Laboratory for ArchimedesBridge” (2004-2008). Coordinator of the international Sino-Italian REHICO project on “Innovativemethodologies for the rehabilitation of historical constructions” (2006-2009).Member of the Canadian Standard Association (since 2007). Member of the Board of IAESE(International Association for Experimental Structural Engineering) (since 2008). Member of the ESFPool of Reviewers (since 2009).His main research topics are: structural analysis and design, steel and aluminium structures(connection, stability), earthquake engineering (seismic design, passive control) and structuralrestoration (consolidation, upgrading).He is Author of more than 700 papers in journals and conference proceedings, 49 monographs and 34books (26 in English, 2 in Chinese).ABSTRACT: PROTECTION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGSThe seismic protection of historical buildings is being looked at with greater and greater interest,above all in the Euro-Mediterranean area, its cultural heritage being strongly susceptible to undergosevere damage or even collapse due to earthquake. The cultural importance of historical constructionslimits, in many cases, the possibility to upgrade them from the seismic point of view, due to the fear ofusing intervention techniques which could have detrimental effects on their cultural value.Consequently, a great interest is growing in the development of sustainable methodologies for theseismic protection of the existing constructions.In this context, this presentation is focused on the conception, experimentation and modelling oftechniques for the seismic protection of historical buildings. The described activity has been developedwithin the “PROHITECH – Earthquake PROtection of HIstorical Buildings by Reversible MixedTECHnologies” European research project, in which sixteen academic Institutions belonging to twelveEuro-Mediterranean Countries (Italy, Algeria, Belgium, Egypt, Macedonia, Greece, Israel, Morocco,Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey) were involved. Within that research project, several seismicprotection techniques have been studied both in experimental and numerical ways, so that a deep andcomprehensive understanding of the faced issues has been achieved.The proposed systems for the seismic protection of historical constructions typical of the Euro-Mediterranean area are mainly based on reversible mixed technologies, which use, also incombination, FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymers) elements, steel sleeves, steel or aluminium shearpanels, steel connectors.The described applications show the advantages of the proposed techniques for the seismicprotection of historically buildings, since they allow to both protect the constructions in case of seismicevents and to preserve their cultural value.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 21

October 27, 9 h 00–9 h 30 (Room 0)Courtesy: Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, C. y P.Presentation: Decano del Colegio ICCP de Cantabria D. Enrique Conde¿¿??ABSTRACT:PENDIENTE DECONFIRMAR37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 22

October 27, 9 h 30–10 h 00 (Room 0)Courtesy: Colegio de Ingenieros Técnicos de Obras PúblicasPresentation: D. Gonzalo Meneses Martín. Presidente del Colegio ITOP.PROF. JOSÉ CALAVERA RUIZPh.D. in Civil Engineering. B.Sc. in Civil Engineering. Professor Emeritusof Building and Prefabrication at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of thePolytechnic University of Madrid.Honorary President of INTEMAC “Instituto Técnico de Materiales yConstrucciones”.Member of the “Commission on Prefabrication” of the InternationalFederation for Structural Concrete (F.I.B.). Member of the Working Group2.2. “Design by Testing” of the Commission 2 “Safety and PerformanceConcepts” of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (F.I.B.).Editor for Europe of the “International Council CONFIRMADOon Tall Buildings”.Previously, he was Chairman of: Commission VII “Reinforcement: Technology and Quality Control”(Euro-International Concrete Committee CEB), Joint Committee on Tolerances (CEB-FIP), WorkingGroup “Precast beam-block floor systems” of the FIP International Federation for Structural Concrete,EUROCODE Drafting Committee for the “Design of Concrete Foundations”, Working Group “PrecastPrestressed Bridges” of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (FIP), Working Group“Treatment of Imperfections in Precast Concrete” of the International Federation for StructuralConcrete (FIP), Scientific-Technical Association of the Structural Concrete (ACHE). He was Presidentof ACHE (Spanish Association of Structural Concrete), Member of the: Administrative Council of CEB,MODEL CODE CEB-FIP 1990 Drafting Committee.“Medal” of the Spanish Technical Association for Prestressing (A.T.E.P.) (1978). "Honorary Professor"of the Civil Construction Faculty of the Pontifical Catholic University of Santiago de Chile (1980).“Member of Honour” of the Engineering Faculty of the Pontifical Catholic University of Santiago deChile (1980). Elected “Fellow” of the American Concrete Institute (A.C.I.) in 1982. “Medal of Honour” ofthe Civil Engineering College (1987).“Eduardo Torroja Medal” (1990). “Medal” of the Spanish Road Association (1991). Doctor "HonorisCausa" of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (1992). “Institutional Medal” of the University“Lisandro Alvarado” of Venezuela (1993). “Medal” of the International Federation for StructuralConcrete (FIB) (1999). “Medal of Honour” of the “Fundación García-Cabrerizo” (1999).“Award” of the Spanish Group of IABSE (2000). Award “Great Figures of the Engineering” of the ItalianAssociation of the Prefabrication. (CTE). (2000). Award of the Spanish National Association ofReinforced Bars Manufacturers (ANIFER). (2001). “Member of Honour” of the Spanish Association ofStructural Consultants (ACE) (2001). Honorary Member of the Academy of Sciences and Engineeringof Lanzarote (2003). Member of Honour of the Argentinean Structural Engineering Association (2004).“Camino de Santiago Award” of Civil Engineering (2004).Elected “Fellow” of IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) (2006).Member of the Board of Trustees of the “Fundación Juanelo Turriano” (2006). Member of Honour ofthe Association of B.Sc. Civil Engineers (2008). Award “Best Professional Profile in ForensicConstruction Engineering” Latino American Association of Quality Control and Forensics Engineering(ALCONPAT) (2009). Elected “Fellow” of ASCE (2009).Among his most important projects are the cable railway of Fuente-Dé (Cantabria), the space frameroofs of the Real Madrid Sports Hall and the “Mahou” Beer Factory (Madrid), the space frame roofs ofthe national Cattle Market of Torrelavega (Santander) and numerous Industrial Buildings, especially ofPaper Manufacturers and the Prefabrication of Concrete and Steel Industry.He is author of sixteen books in Spanish and one in Italian, three monographs and one hundred andseventy six publications on matters concerning Structural Design, Reinforced and PrestressedConcrete, Structural Safety, Prefabrication, Quality Control and Pathology of Structures. He has beenthesis director for twenty seven Doctoral Theses.ABSTRACT: TALL BUILDINGS: SPECIFIC ASPECTSIn this invited conference is analyzed the evolution of tall buildings, from their beginning in 1885 untilour days.In particular, four aspects have been analyzed:• The evolution of the height and of the structural systems.• First construction started in USA and CANADA and its worldwide expansion.• Recent changes in the way to measure the height of tall buildings.• The present evolution, analyzing the most representative cases built recently.A special mention is made to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) and itsessential role in the development of these kind of buildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 23

October 27, 10 h 00–10 h 30 (Room 0)Courtesy: Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de TelecomunicaciónPresentation: D. Eduardo Artal LatorrePROF: CARLOS FERNÁNDEZ VALDIVIELSOHe received his MS (1998) and PhD (2003) in electrical and electronicengineering from the Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona,Spain.He is currently an Associate Professor at the Electrical and ElectronicEngineering Department of the Public University of Navarra (Spain), andalso the shareholder founder of a company called “Ingeniería Domótica”,founded in 1999 (www.ingenieriadomotica.com).He has coauthored more than 90 journal and conference papers related tosensors and home automation systems and intelligent buildings. He alsohas been the co-author of six booksCONFIRMADOrelated to home automation,telecommunications in buildings and enterprising.He has been the only Spanish Member of the international jury of KNX Scientific Award in 2003 andchairman at the KNX Scientific Conference of 2003. He is a KNX Partner from 2002.Nowadays, he is an Associate Professor at the Technical School of Engineering andTelecommunications in the Public University of Navarre, President of Ingeniería Domótica, Vice Deanof the Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación and member of the Board of the Associationof young entrepreneurs of Navarra. He is also member of the Committee of Directors of LUCE(University Laboratory to create technology based companies) and member of the Committee of CEIN(Centre for European business and innovation of Navarre).Recently, his company has been awarded with the prestigious international KNX Award 2008 to thebest home automation and intelligent building project. The award selected the project among morethan 5000 participants from 42 different countries.ABSTRACT: MULTISERVICE NETWORKS BASED ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: A STEPFORWARD TOWARD ENERGY SAVING IN THE SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTIONSustainable architecture is a general term that describes environmentally conscious design techniquesin the field of architecture. It is based on the study of different construction and environment aspects,such as the energy strategic, the future use of water, the use of new materials, the natural and interiorenvironments, the accessibility, the economics, the future transportation, the services and thetechnology. All of them with a main objective: minimize the negative environmental impact of buildingsby enhancing efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space.Nowadays, in the energy saving field, there are many ways to improve the construction and to obtainbetter and more energy efficient buildings. Study of new materials, the environment, the climateconditions, facades, etc is usually the first step, and architects start with it. Second step belongs to theengineering, trying to optimize the mechanical and electrical equipment andinstallations (lighting,HVAC, shutters, etc.). But, there is still another step: give some intelligence to the installation in orderto optimize completely all the energy consumption. This can be done using intelligent standard controlsystems as KNX or LON providing a multiservice network integrating all the installations in only oneand making the maintenance of the building easier. This invited presentation will explain the topologyof this building network and its architecture, detailing the components, the communications and theBMS (Building Management System). Telecommunications are essential in this field as they provide acommunication protocol guaranteeing the compatibility and understanding between all thecomponents.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 24

October 27, 10 h 30–11 h 00 (Room 0)Courtesy: TECNALIA Corporación Tecnológica – País Vasco.Presentation: D. José Tomás San José Lombera. Gerente Investigador Patología &Rehabilitación.PROF. THANASIS TRIANTAFILLOUΤhanasis Triantafillou received the Diploma in Civil Engineering from theUniversity of Patras (1985), and the M.Sc. (1987) and Ph.D. (1989) Degreesfrom MIT.He is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University ofPatras, Greece, and Director of the Structural Materials Laboratory.He worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering at MIT and as Visiting Professor in the Swiss Federal Laboratoriesfor Materials Testing and Research (EMPA). He CONFIRMADOjoined the University of Patrasin 1994.He is the author of 5 books, 15 book chapters, 50 papers in international scientific Journals, 100papers in conference proceedings and 80 research reports. He has been scientific coordinator in 27research projects with funding from private or public organisations and the European Commission.Dr. Triantafillou has received several awards, including: (a) 3 best paper awards (2003, 2002, 1997)from the ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction and Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering;(b) the International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC) Medal (2010); and (c) the Golden MirkoRoš Medal from the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) for life’swork in the field of Materials and Engineering Science (2007). He has extensive consultingexperience in the field of advanced materials and strengthening/seismic retrofitting of structures.Dr. Triantafillou is a member of several International and National Scientific Committees and Societies.He is the convenor of the Working Party EBR (Externally Bonded Reinforcement) of the fib TaskGroup 9.3 and member of the International Editorial Board for the ASCE Journal of Composites forConstruction.His main research interests are focused in the application of advanced structural materials (e.g.polymer composites, textile reinforced concrete, lightweight/fibre-reinforced concretes, highperformanceconcrete) in structures, with emphasis in the field of repair/strengthening and seismicretrofitting.ABSTRACT: INNOVATIVE MATERIALS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGSThe need for upgrading existing structures has been tremendous in the past couple of decades, bothin non-seismic areas due to deterioration and/or the introduction of more stringent designrequirements, and in seismic areas, where structures designed according to old seismic codes have tomeet performance levels required by current seismic design standards.One of the most popular upgrading techniques involves the use of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs),which have many favourable properties, namely: extremely high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosionresistance, ease and speed of application, and minimal change in the geometry.Despite all these advantages, the FRP strengthening technique has a few drawbacks, which areattributed to the organic resins used to bind or impregnate the fibres.An interesting solution to problems associated with resins is their replacement with inorganic mortars,resulting also in the replacement of continuous fibres with textiles.The resulting advanced composite materials, known as Textile-Reinforced Mortars (TRM), form thebasis of state-of-the-art techniques for the rehabilitation of structures.During the past 7 years or so, the author has conducted intensive research in the use of TRM asstrengthening and seismic retrofitting materials of reinforced concrete and masonry structures.These materials have been used successfully in flexural strengthening of beams and two-way slabs,in shear strengthening of beams, in confinement of columns, as well as in out-of-plane and in-planestrengthening of masonry.Experimental and analytical results indicate that the new strengthening technique is extremelyeffective and promising in the area of structural rehabilitation.The main outcome of studies in this field will be given during the presentation.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 25

October 28, 9 h 00–9 h 30 (Room 0)Courtesy: Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros IndustrialesPresentation: Decano del Colegio IICANT D. Pedro Hernández CruzD. FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ PUERTASABSTRACT:CONFIRMADO37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 26

October 28, 9 h 30–10 h 00 (Room 0)Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros Técnicos IndustrialesPresentation: D. Aquilino de la Guerra. Decano del COITI de Cantabria.CONFIRMADOD. JOSÉ MIGUEL SOLANSBorn in 1965.Electrical Engineering by UPC University (Barcelona) – 1990.MBA Management by ESADE(Spain) – 1996He began his career in the '90s at Schneider Electric España S.A. wherehe has been Product Manager in MV equipment, International ProjectManager developing several MV solutions for global market, MarketingManager in energy segment.He became Innovation Director in 2008 and Innovation&BusinessDevelopment Director in 2009 till now.He is involved in working groups related with innovation (vice president in innovation commission of22@network) and smart houses (vice president in the smart house commission in ASIMELEC).ABSTRACT: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE ENERGY IN BUILDINGFrom the energy point of view, in the past, buildings have been built taking into account only somepassive aspects of energy efficiency (insulation, orientation): At this stage the buildings were mereconsumers of energy.In the twentieth century we become to be aware of the energy dilemma :• Energy demand grows along with population and economies.• Energy consumption must be reduced to avoid environmental disaster.The building market contributes highly to the energy challenge and CO2 emissions:• the new building market can take advantage of new technologies for the complete buildingdesigns …• … but without major actions on existing buildings, objectives will not be met.Passive and specially active energy efficiency (EE) are the solution in the short term:• Passive energy efficiency acts on the building structure and equipment that produces orconsumes energy.• Active energy efficiency acts on the way the building and equipment are used. Monitoring andmaintenance are key factors.We can analyze three main drivers of EE in buldings : regulation , finantial driver (CAPEX, OPEX,ROI) and green driver (image, social responsibility).Building energy performance will introduce changes in the way building players work (coordination,new indicators) and creates new players (energy consultants) and services (ESCO, performancecontracting).The trends for the future are:• System integration : from multiple silo systems ( Communication, Energy, HVAC, security,lighting control,…etc) to an integrated solution.• Some Buildings are producing energy and the challenge for the future is to integrate buildingsin the smart grids as a “prosumer” (producer + consumer) in order to manage the flow ofenergy, so an smart energy control in bulldings is going to be a key factor.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 27

October 28, 10 h 00–10 h 30 (Room 0)Courtesy: IECA. Instituto Español del Cemento y sus AplicacionesPresentation: D. Manuel Burón Maestro. Director de Tecnología y Normativa del Hormigón.Dr. JUAN C. LÓPEZ AGÜÍBorn in 1949. Doctor Civil & Structural Engineer. Graduate in Economics.President of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).General Director of the Spanish Cement Institute and its Applications (IECA).President of the AENOR AEN/CTN-80 Committee for Cement and Limestone.Co-Chairman of the “Working Group 5” Markets & Products of CEMBUREAU.Expert on the EC High Level Expert Group for the Review of the EuropeanStandardization System (EXPRESS).Chairman of the Working Group “Statistical Control of Concrete” of ACHE.Author of the Technical Recommendations CONFIRMADOincluded in the Instruction EHErelated to: Ultimate limit State of buckling, and Methods of Designing Concretepieces under normal stresses.Speaker of the “Guía de Aplicación de la Instrucción EHE”.Professor at the Madrid UniversityAuthor of several books and publications (some examples): “Monografía M8 – Recomendaciones parael Proyecto de Estructuras de Hormigón de Alta Resistencia”; “Control estadístico del hormigón”;“Guía Básica para simulación de Monte Carlo”.ABSTRACT: CONCRETE AND BUILDINGSThe Spanish Technical Buildings Code includes the requirements for increasing quality andsustainability of buildings while encouraging the innovation. In this presentation those aspects havebeen considered which, in a relevant matter, are related to the acoustic performance, energy savingand fire safety, as they have a strong influence in the building’s sustainability and may contribute to afurther innovation within the construction sector.In Europe, 42% of energy consumption and 35% of emissions of greenhouse gases are originated inbuildings. The Directive revision on Energy Efficiency in Buildings expects to save between 160 and210 MtCO2/año, this represents 4-5% of CO 2 emissions in 2020. Moreover, the working group of theSustainable Buildings and Construction Initiative of UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)estimates that the energy consumption in buildings can be reduced from 30 to 50% withoutsignificantly increasing investment costs.According to several authors, in a 60 years service life 87-90% of CO2 emissions of a building arerelated to this use phase, while 8-10% is linked to their materials, and 2-3% is emitted during theconstruction phase.The saving of energy consumption in buildings and therefore their associated CO2 emissions,depends on millions of individual decisions that can respond to a signal of individual awareness, or onbuilding energy-saving buildings which can take advantage of the full potential of materials andbuilding systems to produce the savings from the first day, as an expression of collective or socialconsciousness, assumed by all users.There are properties of building materials that can be observed at building level. Such is the case ofthe thermal inertia of heavy building materials, specifically concrete, that can provide significantenergy savings due to a reduction in global energy demand in an annual basis.In this context the question arises whether a construction of a building in concrete, compared to aconventional solution, is able to generate a positive payback of the increased cost and energy (oradditional footprints) that involves the use of concrete during the life of the building.The presentation compares a traditional structure consisting of reinforced concrete frames for aconventional-type building, with another solution, for the same building, in which the façade and innerwalls and partitions are made of structural concrete. The building, has these structural concretepartitions that act as vertical active resistant elements of the building’s structure and additionally havethe adequate thickness to comply the requirements of acoustic isolation specified in the SpanishTechnical Code of Buildings. Moreover, the concrete structure provides a high thermal inertia which, ina passive way, improves the buildings energy efficiency, saving energy used for heating and coolingpurposes.The study performed in collaboration with the Eduardo Torroja Construction Institute of Science andthe Castilla La Mancha University shows that a concrete building using the thermal inertia of the slabsand inner partitions constructed entirely with reinforced concrete is, on average, 16 % more efficientthan a conventional building. This 16% includes the combined effect of the thermal mass provided bythe concrete and the absence of thermal bridges that provides this constructive solution, enabling thatthe additional investment of the additional concrete used and its embodied energy, return during thelife cycle of the building (15 years on average), offering net savings, both economic and in terms ofCO 2 emissions over its service life.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 28

October 28, 10 h 30–11 h 00 (Room 0)Courtesy: INTEMAC. Instituto Técnico de Materiales y ConstruccionesPresentation: Instituto Técnico de Materiales y Construcciones (INTEMAC)PROF. JAIME A. FERNÁNDEZ GÓMEZ1982 Degree in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Universityof Madrid1986 PhD. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic University ofMadrid1996 BSc. in economicsFull Professor, Building and Precasting Department, School of CivilEngineering, Polytechnic University of MadridLaboratory Director, Instituto Técnico de Materiales yConstrucciones (INTEMAC)Member of FIB and ACIMember of the FIB Commission on PrefabricationMember of the Administrative Council, Spanish Branch of FIB(ACHE)Director of 9 doctoral thesis.Author of over 100 articles and congress presentations and coauthorof 24 books on construction.CONFIRMADOABSTRACT: DESIGN QUALITY CONTROL: KEY POINTSThis presentation addresses the key points in building design assessment identified by INTEMAC inits 40 years of experience in design quality control. Standards have changed over the last 40 years,drawing in some cases from the lessons learnt from the problems detected in previous versions.The problem most commonly affecting structural behaviour is beam and slab deflection, with theconcomitant damage to partition walls. For years, this problem has been associated with incorrecttreatment of the maximum deflection allowed and of the procedures used to calculate this value.Slenderness limits and the limits to total or active deflection have been used as the sole criterion forpreventing deflection-induced damage to walls. But neither can guarantee the absence of cracks.Another difficulty encountered is the shear stress at the interface between precast and in situconcretes, which has been dealt with erroneously in the standards. A number of structural failures inSpain have been attributed to defects in this regard, which are highly sensitive to the existence of aclean interface and the general shape of the joint.Detailing has also been a source of problems for two reasons: inaccuracies and the failure to provideall the necessary details. On-site solutions to these shortcomings have bred misinterpretations and,ultimately, building pathologies.Many of the points that may cause future problems are located on the façade. Structural safety maybe compromised in masonry façades due to insufficient support and in curtain walls as a result offaulty detailing or miscalculation of wind loads. Other problems afflicting curtain wall design include thelack of any standard that deals with wind load distribution and the existence of local effects onstructural components.Details dealing with façade impermeability may also be troublesome, particularly as regards joinery.Detailing for roof waterproofing is yet another key issue. All details relating to waterproofing elements,particularly where they abut with sumps and rain water pipes, must also be designed with particularcare.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 29

14. TECHNICAL SESSIONSOCTOBER 26, 2010October 26, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 1Pág.October 26, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 1Pág.October 26, 201016 h 45–18 h 15 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 1Pág.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 30

October 26, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 2Pág.October 26, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 2Pág.October 26, 201016 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 2Pág.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 31

October 26, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 9Pág.October 26, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 9Pág.October 26, 201016 h 45–18 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 9Pág.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 32

October 26, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 10Pág.October 26, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 10Pág.October 26, 201016 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 10Pág.ROOM 3Topic 837º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 33

OCTOBER 27, 2010October 27, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 1Pág.October 27, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 1Pág.October 27, 201016 h 45–18 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 1Pág.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 34

October 27, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 2Pág.October 27, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 2Pág.October 27, 201016 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 2Pág.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 35

October 27, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 6Pág.October 27, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 9Pág.October 27, 201016 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 9Pág.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 36

October 27, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 10Pág.October 27, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 10Pág.October 27, 201016 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 10Pág.ROOM 3Topic 837º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 37

OCTOBER 28, 2010October 28, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 3Pág.October 28, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 3Pág.October 28, 201016 h 45–18 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 0Topic 3Pág.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 38

October 28, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 5Pág.October 28, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Tepic 5Pág.October 28, 201016 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 1Topic 5ROOM 1Topic 7Pág.ROOM 2Topic 837º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 39

October 28, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 6Pág.October 28, 201015 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Topic 6Pág.October 28, 201016 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 2Tepic 6Pág.ROOM 2Topic 837º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 40

October 28, 201011 h 30–13 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 4Pág.Día 28 de Octubre15 h 00–16 h 30 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 4Pág.Día 28 de Octubre16 h 45–18 h 45 Chairperson Prof. XXXXROOM 3Topic 4Pág.ROOM 3Topic 837º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 41

15. CLOSSINGOctober 28, 201018 h 4–19 h 00 CLOSSINGROOM 0 Prof. José Carlos Gómez SalExcmo. Sr. D. Agustín IbáñezExcmo. Sr. D. José MaríaMazón RamosIlmo. Sr. D. César Díez MazaIlmo. Vicerrector de Investigación yTransferencia del Conocimiento de laUniversidad de Cantabria.Delegado del Gobierno de España enCantabria.Consejero de Obras Públicas,Ordenación del Territorio, Vivienda yUrbanismo del Gobierno deCantabria.Tercer Teniente de Alcalde. Concejalde Infraestructuras, Urbanismo yVivienda del Excmo. Ayuntamiento deSantander.Prof. Oktay Ural President of the InternationalAssociation for Housing Science(<strong>IAHS</strong>).Prof. Luis Villegas Full Professor. University ofCantabria. Director of the OrganizingCommittee of 37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong><strong>Congress</strong> on Housing.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 42

16. TECHNICAL EXPOSITION (STANDS)37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 43

17. SOCIAL PROGRAMDayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridayHourOctober 26October 27October 28October 29Morning9 h 30–13 h 30AfternoonTrip A:Maritime MuseumPedreña(Only for companions)19 h 00–20 h 00Reception cocktail bythe Mayor of Santanderat the Magdalena’sPalaceTrip B:Castillo’s cavesPuente Viesgo(Only for companions)19 h 00–20 h 00Reception by theHeadmaster of Tourismof the of the CantabriaGovernmentFolk music recitalCompanions:Free time(shopping, etc.)21 h 00Gala dinner at theReal HotelPostcongresstrip(Optional)37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 44

TRIP A: MARITIME MUSEUM + PEDREÑA (ONLYFOR COMPANIONS)37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 45

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RECEPTION COCKTAIL BY THE MAYOR OFSANTANDEROctober 26, 2010On October 26, at 19:30 will be a cocktail reception by the Mayor of Santander D. Iñigo de laSerna. This event will welcome participants to Santander, by the highest political authority ofthe city. Also the city will invite the <strong>Congress</strong> participants to a Spanish wine.The event will take place many rooms of the Magdalena´s Palace, which are perfectlyequipped for this type of events and has sufficient capacity to accommodate the largenumber of attendees at this forum.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 47

TRIP B: CASTILLO’S CAVES + PUENTE VIESGO(ONLY FOR COMPANIONS)37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 48

37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 49

RECEPTION BY THE HEADMASTER OF TOURISMOF THE CANTABRIA GOVERNMENTFOLK MUSIC RECITALOctober 27, 2010On October 27, after completion of the day sessions, in the Caballerizas’ main auditorium willbe a brief presentation of Cantabria and its attractions, as well as the highlights of this region.A sample of the idiosyncrasy and culture of the “montañesa” culture.The presentation will be made by the Excmo. Sr. D. Francisco Javier López-Marcano.Culture, Tourism and Sport Headmaster of the Cantabria Government. After his speech, theevent will be enlivened by a sample of a typical Cantabrian folklore "montañés" group.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 50

GALA DINNERDía 28 de OctubrePassing through the wrought iron gates (themselves witnesses to thousands of welcomesand farewells over nearly 90 years of history) and passing through the lime and maple trees,one discovers Hotel Real. It is an imposing white building and is itself an historic piece, whichwas inaugurated in 1917. The hotel was an initiative of Alfonso XIII and where the royal courtstayed during the summer in Santander, at the time when a new fashion started: The “Bañosde Ola” festival, which from this time has become one of the city’s most important events.Having entered the hotel, if visitors pause for a moment, they will find a variety of spaciousand bright salons, with nooks crossed by sunlight which plays with the shadows. Here yourguests will be able to relax, chat, read or just simply find a comfortable armchair in which toenjoy the beauty of the bay of Santander.In this Hotel will take place the congress closing dinner in the late evening of October 28.The dinner will take place in one of the Hotel Real’s fabulous rooms, depending on thenumber of attendees. <strong>Congress</strong>men can take a walk through its spaces or lounges, or enjoyquite time in one of the terraces.The dinner will be accompanied by a live band that will make a much more enjoyableevening.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 51

POST-CONGRESS TRIP (OPTIONAL)37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 52

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18. SANTANDER’S MAP300m aproxCaballerizas de la Magdalena.<strong>Congress</strong> AreaHotel ChiquiHotel RealHotel SantemarCity CenterCathedralTown hall37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 54

19. ABSTRACTS OF THE CONGRESSABSTRACTS OF THECONGRESS37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 55

TOPIC I – MATERIALS AND METHODS OFCONSTRUCTION.TOPIC IMATERIALS AND METHODS OFCONSTRUCTION• NEW MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES.• OLD MATERIALS WITH NEW USES.• WOOD. FACTORIES OF STONE AND BRICK.• THE TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION.• INNOVATING METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION.• USE OF LOCAL MATERIALS.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 56

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 101CONCRETE USING COCONUT SHELL AS COARSELIGTHWEIGHT AGGREGATEOrdoñez-Belloc L.M.*, Aliques-Granero J., Girbés-Clarí I., Martínez-Barea R., Faus-Badía A.,González-Navarrete L., Franch-Coronil V.*Materials Research Technical UnitAIDICO, Paterna (Spain)e-mail: luismiguel.ordonez@aidico.esKeywords: coconut shell, lightweight aggregate, lightweight concrete, sustainability, agriculturalwasteAbstractThe high cost of conventional building materials is a major factor affecting housing deliveryin some development countries. This has necessitated research into alternative materials ofconstruction. This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the comparativeof fresh and hardens characteristics of concrete produced with crushed coconut shell (CCS) assubstitute for conventional coarse aggregate. CCS was characterized by means of grading,water absorption, density and packing analysis. Concretes with different mix designs wereobtained using different volumes of CCS: 0%, 32%, 60% and 100%. The performance ofconcrete was evaluated using different tests such as workability, density, compressive andflexural strength, static modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, water permeability,autogenous and drying shrinkage. Even although performance of concrete decreased as thepercentage of CCS increases, lightweight concretes (

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 102NEW GYPSUM PLASTER WITH HIGH FIRE RESISTANCESuesta C. a , López-Buendía A.M. a , Moliner V. ba Materials Technical Unit, AIDICObFire resistance Laboratory, AIDICOAIDICO, Benjamín Franklin, 17, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spaina e-mail: cristina.suesta@aidico.esKey words: gypsum plaster, fire resistance, ettringiteAbstractThe objective is to obtain a new material of high fire performance based in gypsum plaster. Theimprovement under fire conditions of the new material is based on the addition of ettringite to gypsumplaster matrix. The good behaviour of ettringite under fire conditions in the new material is due itshigh water amount that produces several effects, as follows: heat absorption for mineral transformationavoiding temperature increase, water release, low thermal conductivity .Stable phase of ettringite has between 26 and 32 water molecules (Ca 6 [Al(OH) 6 ] 2 (SO4) 3·32H 2 O, withthe empirical formula 3CaO·Al 2 O 3·3CaSO 4·32H 2 O) and it can be obtained from reagents:Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O and Ca(OH) 2 .in N 2 atmosphere. Since this way is too expensive, another method isproposed to synthesize ettringite. In this case, ettringite is formed together with little amounts ofgypsum or calcium sulphate dihydrate. Samples of ettringite formed by this way are cured at 20ºC at98% of moisture during 7 days to assure water content. New material looks like conventional gypsumplaster but X-ray diffraction show strong peaks of ettringite and weaker peaks of gypsum.This new material can be used as a new matrix or as an addition for conventional gypsum plastermaterials after drying and sieving. The little amount of gypsum (dihydrate) acts as an hydrationaccelerator and growing crystal nucleus so setting time is reduced. Consistence of gypsum plaster isnot affected when adding ettringite-gypsum mix up to 7%.Industrial pilot plant was used to fabricate gypsum plaster at industrial size to validate dosage andevaluate the feasibility of the developed product.Medium scale normalized fire resistance tests were made to assess the effect of new materialunder fire conditions. These test reveals that ettringite-gypsum matrix shows a very goodperformance under fire conditions delaying the increase of temperature in the sample. Time toreach 140ºC is up to 70 minutes more than for conventional gypsum plasters. Fire behaviourof ettringite-gypsum mix is very good too when it is added to gypsum plaster matrix.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 58

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 103PREDICTION OF THE MORTAR PROPERTIES RELATEDTO THE LIFE-CYCLE USING ULTRASONIC EVALUATIONJ. V. Fuente, T. Ibrahim, R. Fernández, V. Albert, V. CíscarDepartment of Applied Technologies for Structural Assessment and Heritage EvaluationAIDICO, Instituto Tecnológico de la Construccióne-mail: jvfuente@aidico.esKey words: ultrasonic testing, prediction models, nondestructive evaluation, physical-chemicalanalysis, porosity, compressive strength.AbstractUltrasonic testing could be a powerful nondestructive technique to extract some relevantinformation about micro- and macrostructural performance of cement-based materials andstructures related to the curing and also degradation process. This paper presents theultrasonic inspection, considering the forward and backscattering energy could be used for theprediction of the microstructural concrete properties as porosity and also mechanical strength.The experimental workplan takes the ultrasonic investigation of some cement paste andmortars with two kinds of cements CEMI 42,5 R/SR and CEMII A-L 42,5 R. The w/c ratiohas been modified to provide different porous nets.Ultrasonic grain noise shows the influence of the aggregates and large porosity while thevelocity is more affected by the ratio sand/cement phases. We have focused on how theseultrasonic parameters evolve according to the microstructural changes caused by the hydrationprocess. The relevance of this research is to start up a nondestructive evaluation which canfollow the curing and degradation process through the changes caused in cement-based elasticmodules, increase of the porosity, and related to the mechanical behavior changes.Microstructural changes will be analysed by conventional techniques as SEM, DRX andporosity Hg intrusion. This work is framed in a general research that attempts to establish theprediction of final properties and degradation model in sea water degradation of precastconcrete. But mortar is the second step to understand the variation of our nondestructiveparameters.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 59

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 105CORK USAGE IN TRADITIONAL PORTUGUESEARCHITECTUREFerreira, R. Fontes; Silva, J. GuerreiroCdT Centro da Terra Association and University of Oporto, Portugale-mails: suberui@gmail.com; joanaguerreirosilva@gmail.comKey words: Cork, Portuguese Traditional Architecture, Local Materials.AbstractThe use of cork in Portuguese traditional architecture has been regularly mentioned in worksbased on historical documents, but such documents are generically treated, with the subjectconsigned to the category of epiphenomena as something isolated, peculiar, localised or evenfortuitous. In the last decade, our research has demonstrated that cork is not an unknown andmarginal construction material. If it were, how can one justify its diachronic use in severalcork producing regions, associated to other types of construction materials?As far as Portuguese traditional architecture is concerned, one of the oldest record we foundrefers to the application of cork as coating in silos in the Islamic and medieval settlements; inaddition, there are investigations that record the increasing employment of cork in traditionalconstruction in the middle Tagus and in the south of Portugal by the end of the Middle Ages.Furthermore, there are other key records, namely drawings from the beginning of the 16thcentury and a few written references, which reveal the application of cork in houses in thenorth of Portugal. Within the context of traditional architecture, we also traced the usage ofcork in religious architecture, in particular in some monasteries of the mendicant ordersbecause those aimed to be similar to the poor buildings for common people, thus revealing thereality of construction at that time.While studying the written or drawn registries and also the remaining constructions, weanalyzed and interpreted the assembly systems. The set of case studies we gathereddemonstrates the diversified number of applications that cork has once had in buildings, aswell as reveals its recurrent utilization and expresses the maturity of these techniques.With this paper we aim to further examine these matters, encouraging a wider engineering andartistic investigation in order to recover several ancient techniques as a basis for alternativeways of contemporary construction.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 60

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 106SUSTAINABLE AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES INSOCIAL HOUSING: THE POTENTIAL OF RAMMED EARTHTECHNIQUESJ. M. A. Goulart 1 , M. C. R. Carvalho 2 , F. A. Santos 31,2,3Department of Civil EngineeringFederal Centre for Technological Education of Minas Gerais - CEFET-MG, Brazil1joaomag@civil.cefetmg.br.2cristina.carvalho@civil.cefetmg.br3 flaviosantos@civil.cefetmg.brKey words: rammed earth construction, sustainable technologies, appropriate technologies, socialhousing.AbstractBetter environmental practices in terms of processes and products are becoming a major issue.Construction technologies focused on the production of social housing can contribute toreduce the housing demand. This paper focuses on identifying construction processes basedon concepts of sustainability and their influence on technological, economic, social, andenvironmental aspects of social housing construction. Used mostly in suburbs and rural areasfor single family dwellings, elements of the building envelope such as walls and roofs madeof rammed earth are analyzed. The objective of this paper is to contribute to newtechnological and sustainable approaches based on the use of soil, also consideringappropriate technologies in social sustainability.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 61

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 107KNOWLEDGE AS A DETERMINANT OF ACCEPTABILITYOF COMPRESSED STABILIZED LATERITE BRICKS FORAFFORDABLE HOUSING IN NIGERIA.Oluwole A. Alagbe (Ph.D.)Department of Architecture,Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.e-mail: nvwole@yahoo.comKeywords: knowledge, acceptability, compressed stabilized laterite bricks, housingAbstractWidening gap in housing need and housing supply to the populace has led to an apparenthousing crisis in Nigerian urban centres. Various studies concluded that an acquisition ofindigenous building materials is the way out of the housing crisis. The National HousingPolicy in Nigeria has recognized earth in form of Compressed Stabilized Laterite Bricks(CSLBs) as one of the abundant indigenous building materials that can ease the housingsupply crisis. Despite the call for acquisition of CSLBs in housing provision, the urbanpopulace have not embraced its use as an acceptable building material for housing. This paperconducted a survey of randomly selected members of the urban populace in Ota, Ogun State,Nigeria. It was found out that the root cause of the apathy towards acceptability of CSLBs forhousing is due to lack of knowledge about its physical properties. Lack of prototype CSLBsbuildings in the urban landscape in addition to other socio-cultural factors were also identifiedas contributing factors. The paper concluded that the key to the acceptability of CSLBs as abuilding material for affordable housing by the urban populace lie with adequate publicenlightenment through media campaigns and prototype buildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 62

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 108AN ASSESSMENT TO IMPROVE QUALITY STRATEGIESFOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TIMBERDWELLINGS: A CASE STUDY IN TURKEYNimet ÖZTANK 1 , Fahriye Hilal HALICIOĞLU 2*1 Torbali Technical Vocational School of Higher Education1 University of the Dokuz Eylul1 e-mail: nimet.oztank@deu.edu.tr2* Department of Architecture2* University of the Dokuz Eylul2* e-mail: hilal.halicioglu@deu.edu.trKey words: Quality management, Strategic planning, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP),Customer requirements, TurkeyAbstractThis paper focuses on an assessment to improve quality-based strategies for design andconstruction of timber dwellings through a case study in Turkey. The research provides amethodology to prioritize quality criteria in building design and construction and to judgehow well the design and construction of a timber dwelling quantitatively meet the desiredquality features. Also, this research aims to develop quantitative parameters for timberdwellings. For this purpose, a focus group of residents of timber dwellings located in Afyon,Turkey was formed to gather customer priorities of requirements.The analytic hierarchyprocess (AHP) was employed to determine the priorities of their quality criteria. The casestudy findings showed that AHP could be successfully applied in the timber dwelling projectsto facilitate design and construction decisions. As a result of extensive literature review andobservations of the case study; the paper also lays stress on the importance of quality criteriaessential for timber dwellings. Finally, the most important quality criteria proposed relate toimproving quality-based strategies for the design and construction of timber dwellings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 63

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 109SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE ROOF TILES CONTAININGRECYCLED GLASSPaulo H. R. Borges 1 , Túlio H. Panzera 2 , Fábio P. Cota 2 , Antonio L. H. Sabariz 21 Department of Civil EngineeringFederal Centre for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Brazilemail: pborges@civil.cefetmg.br2 Department of Mechanical EngineeringFederal University of São João del Rei, UFSJ, BrazilKey words: recycled glass, sustainability, concrete durabilityAbstractThe final disposal route of post-consumer recycled glass (RG) is a common issue for manymunicipalities worldwide. Approximately 1 million tons of glassware is produced per year inBrazil, only 47% of which are currently recycled. The idea of incorporating RG as aggregatefor concrete emerged in the 60´s motivated by some of the advantages of glass, i.e. low waterabsorption, high abrasion and durability, aesthetic potential among others. However, theinitial researches have shown that concretes containing RG exhibited marked strengthregression and excessive expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction (ASR), which limitedfurther research. The topic emerged again in the 90´s, imposed by the sustainability issues.Moreover, new studies aimed to determine the conditions at which ASR does not occur, aswell as the influence of RG on the physical properties of concrete. Despite some literature onthe use of RG into concrete, its application for making concrete roof tiles is still notdocumented. The incorporation of RG into those products, if feasible, may create asustainable material for construction by reducing the land-filling of RG in municipalities nearthe concrete tile plants. This paper investigates the use RG as replacement of 7.5% and 15%silica aggregate in concrete roof tiles. Three grading of RG were studied, i.e. particles retainedbetween 4.76 – 1.68 mm, 1.68 – 0.84 mm and 0.84 – 0.30 mm sieves. Metakaolin (MK) hasbeen chosen to replace 7.5% and 15% wt. cement and potentially suppress ASR. The physicalproperties assessed were dry bulk density, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity; theengineering properties determined were apparent porosity and oxygen permeability. Resultsshowed that the use of 7.5% RG in combination with 7.5% MK provided equivalentperformance to reference semi-dry pre-cast concrete and, therefore, permit a new route ofdisposal for the RG.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 64

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 114INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN TO THE CEMENT USERRELATED TO THE CERTIFIED QUALITY AND NEWENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS TO INCREASE THESUSTAINABILITY. THE SPANISH VOLUNTARY QUALITYMARKS OFFICIALLY RECOGNISED (D.O.R.)Miguel Ángel Sanjuán, Luis Álvarez and Manuel BurónIECA - C/ José Abascal, 53 - 28003 MadridTél: 914429166 - Fax: 914427294masanjuan@ieca.esKey words:AbstractThe Spanish law regarding the building technical aspects (Código Técnico de la Edificación,C.T.E. R.D.314/2006) establishes new basic requirements on fire safety, utilization safety andenergy saving, which are added to those of the traditional construction materials.The final result taking into account the new requirements is a sustainable product ready toface new general uses arised by such new requirements. The cement user must knowmentioned new requirements, such as:Health and safety: content limitation of Cr(VI) soluble in water.Sustainable concrete structures: Environmental Sensibility Index (ISMA-EHE-08); and so on.All the new requirements are collected in the voluntary certification (D.O.R.) framework, andso, this scheme comply with the necessary requirements to achieve the Administrationrecognition (EHE-08, RC-08). Therefore, any quality mark including mentioned newrequirements may be recognized (as a D.O.R.) by the Spanish Administration according toEHE-08 and RC-08.The Spanish voluntary quality mark “Marca de AENOR” for cements provides higherquality guaranties than the basic safety level offered by the CE-marking. This Spanishvoluntary quality mark, in addition of the quality control according to the EN 197-2, EN 197-1 and the rest of specification standards, also it checks the ISMA and Cr(VI) soluble in waterof the certified cements.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 68

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 116NONCONVENTIONAL CONCRETES FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED BUILDING DESIGNR. d’Andréa, M. BurónDepartment of Industrial and Environment QualitySpanish Institute of Cement and its Applications (IECA)e-mail: rdandrea@ieca.esKey words: Nonconventional concrete, Sustainability, perfomance, buildingAbstractRecently, it has come observing a significant change in the building sector towards to searchconcrete mixes which fulfill requirements related to their behavior under externalsolicitations, as mechanical, physical or physico-chemical charges. In addition, there is a cleartendency to appear new types of structures with longer service life, which is being modifiedfrom the conventional 50 years, to 70 for buildings and even the 300 years for civilengineering structures or special structures. The concept of sustainable construction alsoappears in addition to these new requirements regarding some aspects related to economic,social and environment impacts, which should to be considered and could influence on theselection of the type of concrete.As response to those new expectation, it can be appreciated an increasingly innovations ondesign of concrete in order to get the suitable concrete for each case. For instance, it caninclude among new technology options, the high performance concrete with strength classupper than 80 Mpa, the self-compacting concrete with unbeatable quality to adapt to thedesired shape without external energy for compacting, the lightweight concrete which is lessdense than convencional concrete making it very suitable for the production of precastelements, decks and other applications as insulation, the concretes with fibers which couldprovides a better performance for split charge, to avoid dimensional changes due to changingclimatic conditions and to improve the resistance to fire.At the present paper, it will be discussed the use of nonconventional concrete and its role inthe attendance of new structures based on specifications related to perfomance approach andsustainability aspects. The importance of this work is to expose to users alternative tools forfulfill new requirements of building design, which are imposed by the regulations and also bythe society.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 69

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 117NON-TRADITIONAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE USE OF GLASS INBUILDINGSFaustino, M., Costa, R., Godinho R., Henriques D.FDepartment of civil engineeringInstituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Portugal.e-mail: marisa_faustino88@hotmail.com, rjviolantecosta@gmail.com , ricardogodinhof@hotmail.comKey words: Glass in buildings, Technical properties, Construction ProcessesAbstractThe use of glass in the building industry, apart from its classic use to fill spans; has been littleexplored and its properties are unknown to most people within the industry.This text is the result of technical research undertaken within the scope of the undergraduatedegree in Civil Engineering. It aims to inform about the diverse non-traditional applicationsfor which glass can be used in construction, its main characteristics, technical specifications,standardization and CE conformity marking.It makes a general presentation of the glass most often used in buildings and analyses glasstiles, glass mosaic tiles, glass bricks and glass with transparency control.Special attention is paid to the technical properties of each product considering the aims of theproject, application and final usage. The text contains summary information on constructionprocesses, quality tests and tabulated project values.All materials presented are shown withtheir various forms and sizes. An explanation of the functioning of regulating light glass isalso presented.Being of high quality in terms of dimensional stability, impermeability, aesthetics, hygieneetc; glass should be as well-recognized as other coating and covering materials in buildings[1,2]. This text aims to provide a small contribution to that end.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 70

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 122GENERAL VIEW TO CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES OF19 TH CENTURY HOUSES IN ISTANBULE. Kishali 1 , B. Alpagut 21 Department of Building Environment Science TechnologyPolitecnico di Milanoe-mail: emre.kishali@mail.polimi.it2 Studio Giulio Andreolli, Trento (Msc. Degree, Architectural Engineering, Politecnico di Milano)e-mail: beril.alpagut@studioandreolli.itKey words: construction techniques, Istanbul, masonry, 19 th century, housingAbstractIstanbul is one of the capital cities of Mediterranean basin starting from the foundation ofConstantinople in the 4th century A.D. until the end of Ottoman Empire, 1920s. Among thesesixteen centuries, the city hosted different states, many people, architectural structures, andthus historical buildings. On the other hand in 19th century, the Ottoman Empire underwentan intense phase of economic and socio-political changes aimed at the modernization of theold system. These changes would also affect construction methods and architecture ofresidential buildings in the capital of Ottoman Empire. The buildings were carefully detailedin order to reduce the possibility of fires. In 1864, the government decreed that henceforth allconstruction in the capital was to be in stone or brick. Moreover, the 19th century residentialbuildings, constructed during the reforms to adopt European practices, show differentconstruction techniques, use of functions, material and bring a new concept for residentialsuch as row houses, multi-storey masonry apartments and multi-houses around a closedcourtyard.In Istanbul, it can be observed that in many districts masonry residential buildings wereconstructed in 19th century. These construction systems having minor differences ofarchitecture style and details could be observed in Kuzguncuk, Üsküdar, Kadiköy(Yeldeğirmeni) in Asian part of Istanbul, Fatih (Fener – Balat – Ayvansaray), Galata,Beyoğlu, Ortaköy, Şişli, Akaretler in European part of city. In this paper, first the districts willbe presented with a brief history then examples are elucidated representing traditionalmaterials and construction techniques with existing building components. In conclusion, theimportance of preservation for historic houses constructed in 19th century in Istanbul ismentioned.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 71

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 123BUILDING WITH EARTH, A SUSTAINABLE MATERIALFOR EFFICIENT BUILDINGSStefania Liuzzi(*), Mario Petrella(**), Pietro Stefanizzi(*)(*) Department of Architecture and Urban Planning - University of Politecnico di Bari(**) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - University of Politecnico di Barie-mail: stefanialiuzzi@libero.itKey words: Unbaked earth, fired clay, hygrothermal properties, moisture buffering, indoor humidity.AbstractThe hygrothermal behaviour of a small building in a Mediterranean climate was studied bycomparing three different solutions for the walls: concrete, fired clay and unbaked earthenwalls. Several numerical simulations, with EnergyPlus, were carried out on the IEABESTEST building. The evolution of the indoor relative humidity has proved that theunbaked earth significantly dump the fluctuations in indoor air relative humidity. This effectwas generated by the better moisture buffering capacity of the unbaked earthen wall and by itslower water vapour resistance coefficient. The aim of the ongoing experimental research is toobtain a low cost-high performance building material suitable to achieve better indoorhygrothermal comfort in modern sustainable and efficient buildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 72

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 126INJECTIONS SYSTEMS IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES.WATERPROOFING OF THE BURIED STRUCTURES.Ana Irene Ortega PalancoDepartamento TécnicoSika S.A.U.e-mail: ortega.irene@es.sika.comKey words: Waterproofing, structural repair, injections, resins, concrete.AbstractThe treatment of cracks in concrete elements, with injections, can have two aims, one of themto give back the continuity of the element in order to repair the lost stiffness (structuralrepair), or to waterproof the zone, both to prevent the entrance of aggressive (chemical)agents who could damage the concrete or the reinforcement, to avoid the loss of liquid or theentrance (protection).In this paper, the damages that can be produced in the buried structures will be identified,enumerating the origins and causes of the water leakage. A sketch of intervention in order towaterproof of the structures will be defined.Los tratamientos, a base de inyecciones, de fisuras y grietas en elementos de hormigónpueden tener como finalidad, el hecho de devolver la continuidad del elemento pararecomponer la rigidez perdida (reparación estructural) o de impermeabilizar la zona, tantopara impedir la entrada de agentes agresivos que pudieran dañar el propio hormigón o a laarmadura, o para evitar la pérdida de líquido o la entrada (protección).A lo largo de este artículo se identificarán los daños que se pueden producir en estructurasenterradas, enumerando los orígenes y causas de las filtraciones de agua, y definiremos unesquema de actuación para la impermeabilización de la estructura.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 73

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 127THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERMAL INSULATIONMATERIALS FROM THE BEGINNINGS TO THEAPPEARANCE OF PLASTIC FOAMSDavid BOZSAKYDepartment of Architecture and Building ConstructionSzechenyi Istvan University, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GYOR, HungaryH-9026 GYOR, Egyetem ter 1. (D504), Tel.: +36(96)-503-454, Fax: +36(96)-613-595e-mail: bozsaky@gmail.comKey words: thermal insulation, building material, plastic foam, developmentAbstractThe history of thermal insulation materials is not as long as that of other materials but thenecessity of insulation is as old as the building activity.Prehistoric human beings built shelters to protect themselves from the elements. Originallythey used organic materials for insulation and later durable ones. Earth-sheltered houses andcave dwellings were also popular because of their benefits (thermal lag of earth covering).However people used not only materials that were found in the nature, but discovered otherswhich were suitable for insulating. Processing organic materials, people produced the firstinsulated plates of cork, reed, flax, and eelgrass in the 19th century.Meanwhile lots of synthetic materials were invented (slag wool, rock wool, fiberglass, foamglass). In addition insulated bricklaying elements (hollow bricks, AAC) were developed too.Expanded perlite and clay have also been used since the 1930s as loose insulation oraggregate in lightweight concrete.The appearance of plastic foams caused huge revolution. Plastic production was well-knownin the 19th century but the first plastic foam was made of XPS in 1941.Nowadays the most popular insulation materials are plastic foams and mineral wool. Only asmall amount of natural materials are built in. Their growth is substantial because of manyreasons.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 74

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 128INFLUENCE OF ANCHORAGE SYSTEMS IN FLEXURALSTRENGTHENING OF LOW PERFORMANCE CONCRETEBEAMS WITH BASALT AND STEEL TEXTILEREINFORCED MORTARP. Larrinaga 1 , J.T. San-José 1,2 , D. García 1 , L. Garmendia 1 , J. Díez 11LABEIN-Tecnalia, Spain2University of the Basque Country, Spaine-mail: plarrinaga@labein.esKey words: anchorage / basalt / beams / concrete / flexural / mortar / performance / steel /strengthening / Textile.AbstractA considerable amount of housing state is built with concretes which show low features.These structures were erected when there was a considerable shortage in best practices, thematerial knowledge and the building standards were not yet fully developed. Externallybonding FRP sheets and laminates is an effective technique for strengthening and repairingreinforced concrete beams under flexural loads. But this systems presents some drawbackswhen are applied in low performance concretes (

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 129DESIGN OF PREFABRICATED MULTILAYER PANELSMANUFACTURED WITH 100% RECYCLED AGGREGATESAND RECOVERED LDPEI. Vegas, D. García, I. CachoTECNALIA ConstrucciónGAIKER Technology Centree-mail: dgarcia@labein.esKey words: recycled, panel, aggregate, LDPE, concrete, ceramic, wasteAbstractThe pressures for energy and material efficiency in building will lead to further increase thedevelopment of innovative systems incorporating new insulating solutions together with theuse of a high level of recycled materials. In this context, this paper presents the technologicalbasis for developing new solutions for building envelopes manufactured with high levels ofrecycled raw materials from the stony and plastic fractions of construction and demolitionwaste (C&DW).This work deals with the manufacturing and characterisation of multilayer system comprisingtwo external layers manufactured with microconcrete and a core layer elaborated withrecycled C&DW plastic bound with cement. After defining mix proportioning and themanufacturing process, panel prototypes (600 x 600 mm) were cast at laboratory scale inorder to validate the product. Test results showed an increase in thermal insulation up to400% and 30% weight reduction in comparison with a solid concrete panel used as reference.Mechanical resistance slightly decreases but ensuring sufficient strength to fulfil the designconditions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 76

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 130THE INVESTIGATION OF RESISTIBILITY OF CEMENTCOMPOSITES AGAINST BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITYEstokova, A. 1 , Ondrejka Harbulakova, V. 1 , Luptakova, A. 2 , Prascakova, M. 2 , Stevulova, N. 11 Institute of Building and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Slovak Republice-mail: adriana.estokova@tuke.sk2 Institute of GeotechnicsSlovak Academy of Science, Slovak Republice-mail: luptakal@saske.skKey words: concrete, MIC, bacteria, biocorrosion, biodeterioration.AbstractThe role of bacteria causing the concrete deterioration has been linked to the generation ofbiogenic sulphuric and nitric acids resulting in corrosion process by dissolution of calciumcontaining minerals from the concrete matrices. The start and the course of corrosion areconditioned by many factors which undoubtedly include biological effects like the influenceof vegetation and microorganisms causing the so called microbial corrosion.This paper is primarily concerned with investigation of influence of sulphur-oxidisingbacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and sulphate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibriodesulfuricans at the resistance degree of cement composites. Cement composite samples with5 % addition of black coal fly ash as cement replacement as well as reference samples withoutcoal fly ash addition were investigated in experiments. The laboratory experiments as well asexperiments in situ in sewage system proceeded during 90 days.The penetration of the corrosion was manifested by surface changes and weight changes ofcement composites samples as well as changes in pH values. Considerable surface changeswere detected for all investigated samples by microscopic methods. The roughness increaseswere determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Crystals precipitated on concretesamples surface were identified by EDX as mixture of gypsum and ettringite.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 77

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 131CONCRETES OF HIGHER RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALACTIONSSicakova, A., Terpakova, E.Institute of Building and Environmental EngineeringCivil Engineering Faculty, Technical University of Kosicee-mail: alena.sicakova@tuke.skKey words: concrete, chemical aggressive environment, mineral additive, blast furnace slag, fly ash,serpentiniteAbstractIn the paper the results of experimental works aimed on finding the optimal composition ofconcretes containing various mineral additives for assurance their high resistance to chemicalaggressive attacks are presented. 16 recipes using variations of: 4 kinds of wastes/additives(blast furnace slag, fly ash, non-treated and treated serpentinite waste), 3 kinds of their dosage(0, 10, 20% of cement amount), as well as alternative superplasticizer application (0, 1% ofcement amount) were tested. Samples were exposed to chemical aggressive environments(HCl, MgSO 4 and NaOH) for simulation of concrete corrosive processes. The distilled wateras well as open laboratory environment was used as a comparative environments. Duration ofconcrete samples exposition in tested media was 28 months. The resistance was tested in theterms of flexural strength, compressive strength and evaluation of decrease/increase ofstrengths after long time action of monitored aggressive media.For each aggressive environment is possible to recommend the most promising recipe ofconcrete from various points of view, in accordance with user´s priorities.From the percentage increase of 28- day compressive strengths point of view, there are: forHCl action – recipe with 20% of non treated serpentinite waste with plasticizer application,for MgSO 4 action -recipe with 20% of blast furnace slag without plasticizer application and for NaOH action -recipe with 10% of non treated serpentinite waste without plasticizer application.Based on the presented experimental results, application of additives/wastes as partialsubstitution of cement appears to be beneficial for achievement the resistance to aggressivechemical actions. With the keeping or enhancement of technical parameters it especiallyrepresents both the environmental and economic benefit.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 78

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 132LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF BELITE CEMENTFROM REACTIVE MIXTURES BASED ON COAL FLY ASHN. Stevulova 1 , I. Filkova 1 , K. Baltakys 21 Institute of Building and Environmental EngineeringCivil Engineering FacultyTechnical University of Kosice, Slovak Republice-mail: nadezda.stevulova@tuke.sk2 Department of Silicate TechnologyFaculty of Chemical TechnologyKaunas University of Technology, LithuaniaKey words: coal fly ash, hydrothermal pre-treatment, mechanosynthesis, beliteAbstractThis paper summarizes the results of an extensive investigation of application of both methods forsynthesizing belite cements from reactive mixtures consisting of two waste kinds (bottom ash – BAand fly ash - FA) from fluidized brown coal combustion in Slovakian power plant and CaO (analyticalgrade reagent) addition. Starting mixtures with CaO/SiO 2 molar ratio of 2 were hydrothermallyactivated in rotating autoclave under optimal conditions (200°C and 4 hours) and mechanochemicallytreated during 2 hours in high-energy planetary mill. The starting mixtures and products of treatmentswere subsequently calcinated at temperatures in the range of 600 to 1200°C.Changes in structure and phase composition of mechanically and hydrothermally synthesizedbelite precursors and subsequent calcinated products were compared with those of startingmixtures. Based on XRD diffraction patterns and infrared spectra of pre-treatment products,the formation of the new profiles corresponding to CSH phases with low degree of orderingas belite precursors after hydrothermal treatment as well as calcium metastables silicates andaluminosilicates in mechanosynthesized products was confirmed. Calcination ofhydrotermally treated products at 900°C led to transformation of CSH phases to wollastonite(CS), belite and gehlenite phase, whereas creation of α- and β-C 2 S or wollastonite in milledreactive mixture takes place. Differences in phase composition of products before and aftercalcination depend upon waste quality and precursor’s synthesis conditions. Bottom ash isn’tsuitable as raw material for synthesizing belite phase because of high CaO content fixed inanhydrite form (44.1%). Coal fly ash with low CaO content in anhydrite form (4.2%) and itsmechanochemical or hydrothermal treatment in combination with subsequent heating offeropportunities for the utilization of coal fly ash as raw material for belite production.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 79

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 133EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL WASTESIN CONCRETE PRODUCTIONJ. Junák i , N. Števulová ii Department of Material and Environmental Engineeringi Technical University of Košice, Civil Engineering Facultyi e-mail: Jozef.Junak@tuke.skKey words: coal fly ash, slag, treatment, concrete, compressive strengthAbstractBuilding industry gives very important and wide-ranging possibilities of industrial wastesutilization for producing some building materials and products. In this branch the wastes formenergetic and metallurgical processes are the most used.In this paper overview of fly ash and slag treatment in building industry, with accent on itsutilization as the partial replacement of cement and natural aggregate in concrete, is presented.The experimental part of paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the experimentalresults of cement replacement by coal fly ash in the mixture are presented. The second partsummarizes research results of selected natural aggregate replacement by slag in the concreteproduction.From evaluation of the experimental results follows, that this information can be used inpreparing the standards and landfill waste material utilization in concrete production withstrength classes C 20/25 and C 25/30. The application of both waste material types as thepartial replacement of cement and natural aggregate in concrete would result in wastemanagement transformation of heating and power plants into non-waste technologies.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 80

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 134LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE AND ITS APPLICATION INTHE IMPROVEMENT OF THE AESTHETIC PROPERTIESOF VOLCANIC LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETEBLOCKS FROM CANARY ISLANDSRodríguez Cadenas, E.*, García Santos, A.Department of Architectural Building and ConstructionSuperior Technical School of Architecture of MadridUPM - Madrid TECH Madrid. Spaine-mail: estelarca@yahoo.esKey words: lightweight concrete, lightweight aggregate, lapilli aggregate, pozzolan aggregate,expanded perlite aggregate.AbstractThis paper focus on the improvement of aesthetic properties of lightweight concrete blockused in canarian masonry block productions.All the available information was revised in order to compile the materials used and an essayplan was laid out as follows: firstly materials were outlined and current legislation andregulations were compiled, next a lightweight concrete reference mixture composed byvolcanic lapilli aggregate, cement, sand and water from a prefabricated concrete industry fromGran Canaria was decided. Afterwards several lightweight concrete mixtures with differentvariables: binder-water relation, and several types of volcanic lightweight aggregates(pozzolan and expanded perlite) and a thermal mortar as additions were prepared. Finally, achromatic study was made with the specimens. The results obtained in the tests showed theimprovement of the aesthetic properties for the lightweight concrete mixtures tested.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 81

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 135EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANT BEHAVIOUR OFCONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY BEARING WALLSSUBJECTED TO FLEXO-COMPRESSION TRANSVERSE TOTHEIR PLANE, WITH AND WITHOUT REINFORCEMENT,BY TESTING PRISM SPECIMENSTuesta N., Villegas L.Departamento de Ingeniería de EdificaciónUniversidad Europea Miguel de Cervantese-mail: ntuesta@uemc.esDepartamento de Ingeniería Estructural y MecánicaUniversidad de Cantabriae-mail: villegal@unican.esKey words: prism, masonry, masonry walls, concrete masonryAbstractThis research shows a theoretical-experimental study of resistant behaviour of concrete blockmasonry bearing walls, with and without reinforcement, subjected to flexo-compressiontransverse to their plane.In order to carry out this investigation 21 masonry walls were tested, each of them had aheight of 2.6m and (0.14 x 1.00) m 2 cross section, submitted to a scheme of equaleccentricities of load and of the same sense in the top and bottom part of the wall. Theanalyzed eccentricities were: e=0, e=t/6; e=t/3 and e=t/2. Likewise 6 "prisms" were tested,with and without grout, which are the test specimens that the American Society for Testingand Materials "ASTM" [3] proposes to evaluate the compressive strength masonry.The results of the resistant behaviour of the walls, obtained experimentally, have beencompared with those proposed of the design codes Europeans: Eurocode EC6 [7, 8], theBritish Standards Institution "BSI" [4, 5], as well as with the proposals of the design codesAmericans: National Masonry Association "NCMA" [9] and the American Concrete Institute"ACI" [1]. In the same way, the experimental results have been compared with theproposition made for this type of walls by the researchers Yokel, F.Y.; Mathey, R.G. andDikkers, R.S. [14, 15]; who may possibly be those who most tested these types of walls tointernational level.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 82

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 138POSIDONIA OCEANICA STRUCTURAL PANELS.MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.Antonio Maciá Mateu 1 , Carlos Pérez Carramiñana 2 , Mónica Mateo García 2 , Beatriz Piedecausa García 21 Department of Ingeniería de la Construcción, OO.PP. e Infraestructura Urbana2 Department of Construcciones ArquitectónicasUniversity of Alicante, Spaine-mail: antonio.macia@ua.esKey words: structural panels, Posidonia oceanica, mechanical properties, tests, dimensioning.AbstractThe development of new materials of synthesis using adhesives with Posidonia oceanica fromrecycling processes, and its application to building systems, may allow the design of buildingfacade cladding with better mechanical behavior and greater environmental sustainability.This communication aims to study and evaluate briefly the main mechanical properties of thismaterial, its application as transventilated cladding in buildings and classification of itsfeatures.The panels are shaped by pressing, at room temperature, the mixture consisting of crushedPosidonia oceanica and urea formaldehyde adhesives (UF), melamine-urea-formaldehyde(MUF) or polyurethane (PU) according to the sort of service of the panel. The new proposedmaterial is analized by applying calculation methods and the most suitable constructionsystem to guarantee their quality and durability.Performing laboratory tests of the pieces used and proposing the most appropriate calculationmodeling for the construction system raised for its use in building, mechanical behavior isdetermined against the main actions to which the building enclosure is subjected:gravitational, thermal and wind actions.The results show an adequate response from the new material developed versus thesolicitations and elevated tensions experienced by facade cladding, and the features toconsider when dimensioning, with similar costs compared to other systems such as wood chipboards.In conclusion, the new material developed is commited to the environmental and sustainablecharacter of building by reusing natural components showing their maximum performances asveneer. The study and diffusion of specific mechanical behavior of this material and theanalysis of its key construction features and calculation methods, should contribute todeveloping and enhancing the use of new synthetic materials with guarantees of durability asfacade cladding in architecture.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 83

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 139RETROFITTING STRATEGY TOOL FOR TIMBER FLOORSTRUCTURESJ.A.R Mendes da Silva i , R. Vicente ii and Nobre, Marta ii Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbraii Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiroe-mail: raimundo@dec.uc.pt; romvic@ua.ptKey words: Timber structures, strategy, retrofitting and strengtheningAbstractIn old city centres, the majority of these buildings were mainly designed as load-bearingmasonry structures (stone or ceramic bricks), with timber structured floors and roofs. Asconsequence of aging, loading (sometimes accidental), alteration of use, moisture content,lack of maintenance and repairing actions, amongst others, these buildings have slowlydecayed, particularly timber elements of floor structures and roofing systems more susceptibleto the degradation of the load bearing capacity and sensible to excessive moisture problems atthe connection areas with masonry walls, aggravating stress levels of the timber resistingelements, even in cases when subjected to seismic action.This paper, intends to deepen existing studies, by proposing strategy definition for retrofittingand strengthening of timber floors, taking into account that wood is considered a noblematerial, with excellent structural properties, ecological and sustainable. So, taking intoconsideration specific limitations of old buildings and preventing the loss of authenticity ofthe original materials, it is suggested the use of similar materials, assuring the safety anddurability of structures, as well as the improvement of the serviceability conditions ofbuildings.To consider the presented solutions in terms of execution, it is necessary to resource tostrategy definition tools to complement the inspection tasks and defect identification, as wellas compatibilisation of performance levels (thermal, acoustic and structural), or definition ofeventual non destructive “in situ” testing if needed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 84

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 140DURABLE CONCRETE WITH WASTE CRUSHED QUARRYSANDB. Menadi¹, S. Kenai¹, D. Djeziri¹¹Laboratory of Geomaterials MaterialsDepartment of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Blida, Algeriae-mail: bmenadi@yahoo.comKey words: concrete, waste, crushed sand, fines, permeability, durabilityAbstractNowadays crushed sand concrete with up to 18% of quarry limestone fines is widely used insome countries where river sand is lacking. The use of limestone fines can lower the cost,protect the environment from waste deposits and contribute to sustainable development ofconcrete. The effect of limestone fines content in crushed sand on the mechanical propertiesof mortar and concrete has been thoroughly investigated. However, little work has been doneso far on the durability properties of concrete containing limestone fines. This paperinvestigates the combined influence of crushed limestone fines and superlasticizer on thestrength and durability properties of 180-day moist-cured concretes made with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20and 25% of fines as sand replacement. The durability properties in this research work include,water permeability, gas permeability and chloride-ion penetration. Six mixtures were castwith a uniform cement content of 350 kg/m 3 , a constant water-cementitious material ratio(w/c) of 0.49 and a constant dosage of superplasticizer of 1.5% by weight of cement. Theresults indicate that the incorporation of limestone fines as portion of fine aggregate up to15% improved the resistance to chloride-ion penetration and reduces the water and gaspermeability and hence the durability properties are improved.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 85

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 141INFLUENCE OF THE HEIGHT OF LATTICE WORK AS ACONTRIBUTION TO SHEAR RESISTANCE IN REINFORCEDCONCRETE RIBSM. Crespo Martínez a , G. Aragón Torre a , J.M. Manso Villalaín a , A. Aragón Torre aa Department of Civil EngineeringEPS University of Burgos, C/ Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spainmcrespo@ubu.es, garagon@ubu.es, jmmanso@ubu.es, aragont@ubu.esKey words: Concrete, shear, lattice workAbstractElectro-welded reinforcement in the lattice work of assembled slabs and light-weight precastplates is standard practice in precast concrete manufacture. This reinforcement achieves twobasic functions: it acts as a stiffener element in the concrete slab in the construction phase,and fundamentally as shear reinforcement in the structural phase.An aperture of 20 cm and a maximum variable height of up to 30 cm are maintained at alltimes in the industrial manufacturing process of lattice work. As a consequence, the anchoringof the lattice in the compressed area of the unit may not be guaranteed in units that are over36 cm in thickness, preventing application of the strut and tie mechanism that is specified inEHE-08.The objective of the present research is the experimental verification of design resistancecapacity, mainly in terms of shear resistance, of a reinforced concrete rib that incorporatesdifferent amounts of lattice work of variable height. Thus, our intention is to justify the use oflow lattice work in the reinforcement of the rib of a light-weight slab.The test specimen was a double-supported beam with a concentrated load applied to the unitat the centre of its span. Testing involved the controlled movement of the actuator at aconstant speed of 0.01 mm/s.The general behaviour of the test specimen was at first to register a peak in the tests, whichcorresponded to shear cracking that ran from side to side of the specimen, then a suddendisplacement of the load took place when the lattice rebars failed. It should be added thatshear micro-cracks were visually detected before this.In conclusion, the mean contribution of the concrete to extreme shear resistance assumedvalues that are approximately twice as high as normal, and the average value for ultimateshear stress was 15% higher than that obtained by following the specifications in EHE-08.Even though the transverse reinforcement does not comply with the anchoring conditions inthe compressed head, the lattice work guarantees shear cracking control and behaves in asatisfactory way in an extreme shear stress state.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 86

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 142SPAN IN CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE PRECASTPRODUCTS: BEARING BEAMS AND REINFORCED SLABSA. Aragón Torre a , J.A. Martínez Martínez a , A. Rodríguez Sáiz b , V. Ortega López aa Department of Civil Engineering, EPS i University of Burgos, C/ Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spainb Department of Construction, EPS i University of Burgos, C/ Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spainaragont@ubu.es, jamartinnez@ubu.es, arsaizmc@ubu.es, vortega@ubu.esKey words: Concrete, precast, falseworkAbstractThe recent introduction in Spain of the Building Technical Code (CTE) means that CElabelling is now mandatory on construction products that will be permanently incorporated inbuildings. One of the requirements with which manufacturers of precast slabs must comply inorder to obtain the CE mark of conformity on their products is the satisfactory completion oftests that guarantee the resistance/strength qualities that are shown on the certificate ofconformity.Load-bearing beams and reinforced concrete precast slabs imply greater quality control at themanufacturing plant, shorter construction periods and improved safety at the construction site.They may also be used as resistant plank moulds during execution.The purpose of this study is to determine the span in construction (the distance betweenfalsework) for the bearing beams and RC slabs during the construction phase. It is intended tooptimise the number of falsework structures to be calculated to withstand their own weight,the weight of the poured concrete and an additional under construction load of 1KN/m 2 .The criteria used to calculate the span in construction were the ultimate bending strength, theultimate shear strength and the flexural rigidity. The tests are in compliance with StandardUNE-EN 13747:2006 whereby the distance between props or temporary bearings of the spanin construction is specified.The testing method used was four-point bending. The test consisted of supporting the bearingbeam or slab on two end supports and applying two equidistant equal loads to the span.The results for extreme bending strength are very similar and a fraction higher than thetheoretical results that might have been expected. The fineness ratio corresponds to the curveof the upper bars observed in the flexural load tests. The results of the extreme shear strengthare about twice as high as the expected theoretical values; values which may be readjustedwith a lower slenderness ratio.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 87

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 143DURABILITY TEST ON LIGHTWEIGHT MORTARS ANDCONCRETE MADE WITH RECICLED POLYMER FOAMJ. Gadea, V. Calderón, A. Rodríguez, A. Martín, P. L. CamposDepartment of Construction Engineering, High Polytechnic SchoolUniversity of Burgos, Spain e-mail: vcalderon@ubu.esKey words: lightweight mortar, polyurethane, degradation, durability test.AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the results of a durability test concerning the use of rigidpolyurethane foam wastes applied to cementitious mixtures to produce lightweight concrete.Concrete and mortars were obtained by mixing cement with different amounts ofpolyurethane, aggregate and water. Dosage has been varied to replace aggregates withrecycled polyurethane. Rigid polyurethane has been triturated in a 0/4 mm particle size beforebeing used as a substitute of aggregate. Samples have been characterized and tested in freshand hardened state. Variation in the amount of polyurethane was affecting mortar properties,decreasing the mortar density and its mechanical properties and increasing its workability andpermeability as well as the occluded air.Subsequently, durability test were carried out, including salt test, kesternich, heat and waterresistance, moisture, alkaline reactivity, U.V. and temperature resistance in order to classifythese materials. Surfaces have been observed by SEM with the objective of detect surfacechanges. Besides the used of traditional parameters for determinate durability (mechanicalstrength, weight, volume), we have measured before and after these aging tests the colordifferences with an spectrophotometer, in view of the fact that color could changes (polymerslike polyurethane used in construction’s materials are organic compounds that might suffersignificant changes of color).Results obtained confirm that composites produced with recycled polyurethane arecomparable to lightweight mortars made of traditional mixtures.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 88

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 144APPLICATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OFHYDRAULIC CONCRETE MADE WITH EAF SLAG.Juan M. Manso Villalaín a , Ángel Rodriguez Sáiz b , Ángel Aragón Torre a and Javier J. GonzálezMartínez ca Department of Civil Engineering, EPS University of Burgos, Calle Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.jmmanso@ubu.es, aragont@ubu.esb Department of Construction, EPS University of Burgos, Calle Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spainarsaizmc@ubu.esc Department of Materials Science, ETSIB University of Basque Country, Alda. de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao,Spain, javierjesus.gonzalez@ehu.esKey words: concrete, EAF slag, building, waste managementAbstractOur research team has been working in the field of concrete with steel slag for over 10 yearsand has added to the knowledge of these by-products and their applications to concreteproducts. The research in this communication examines the use Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)residues as aggregates in the construction industry. Here, we demonstrate the use of black slagas additional coarse, medium and fine hydraulic aggregate in the manufacture of Portlandcement. A complete physical and structural characterization of black steel slag is presentedand its properties are defined. Subsequently, we go on to examine concrete design criteria, byidentifying appropriate grading of the fraction to obtain a compact, resistant and durablematerial. The investigation is complemented by the study of the designed concrete, in freshand hardened states, as well as its durability when subjected to aggressive environments.Finally, it refers to certain achievements in this field and their applications in the buildingsector.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 89

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 145KNOWING STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE ONFLEXURAL CONDITIONSMartínez Martínez, J. A 1 ., Sánchez Manjón, R 2 ,, Aragón Torre, G 1 .1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Burgos, Spain2 LKS Ingenieria, Spain1 e-mail: jamartinez@ubu.esKey words: steel fiber, reinforced concrete, SFRCAbstractReinforced concrete with steel fiber is well known since many years ago. At first, steel fiberwere used as secondary reinforcement, always with corrugated bars, and almost always forsecondary uses of structural concrete as pavements or to prevent secondary effects asshrinkage, thermal effects, .... However, many people were asking for using steel fiber as amain reinforcement and for strong structural uses, as building constructions. At theLaboratory of Big Structures of the University of Burgos (Spain) a serial of tests about steelfiber reinforced concrete were carried out by LKS Engineering, S. Coop. The challenge wasto use this kind of concrete as main flexural elements, as slabs, in a four levels building. Insome parts of the slabs only steel fiber were used as reinforcement. In some other parts wereemployed both corrugated bars and steel fiber. In this work it will be presented all the analysisand the results made at the laboratory to know the concrete mechanics characteristics. Sometests were made by rules, and some other tests were developed specially for this situation.Finally the building was constructed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 90

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 146STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OFCONCRETE ELEMENTS REINFORCED WITH CFRPSHEETS.Martínez Martínez, J. A., Rubio Peirotén, D., Aragón Torre, G., Crespo Martínez, M.Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Burgos, Spaine-mail: jamartinez@ubu.esKey words: Fiber reinforced concrete, CRFP, Delamination, Peeling, Transversal StripsAbstractThe use of CFRP to reinforce concrete structures is a spread technique nowadays. Thestructural properties of carbon fiber polymers, that is, very high resistance and high elasticitymodulus as well as low weight, which allows to reduce the amount of specialized work andauxiliary equipments, make them a powerful reinforcement system. However, the cost of thematerials, the loss of ductility, due to the lack of plasticity in CFRP previous to failure, andthe early delamination failure, which occurs with stress levels far from tensile strength ofsheets, are important problems to be considered in the design process. In this paper somemechanisms aimed at improving the performance of flexural elements reinforced with CFRPsheets in terms of delamination strength, ductility and material optimization are presented.Different reinforcement patterns with longitudinal sheets and transversal CFRP wrap stripsare studied. Additionally, with the purpose of establishing the influence of the bending andshear efforts laws in the response of the reinforced structure, two load case configurations areanalyzed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 91

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 147A STUDY OF THE ADHESION BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRYMORTARS MADE WITH STEEL AGGREGATES FROMSECONDARY METALLURGYÁngel Rodriguez Sáiz a , Juan M. Manso Villalaín b , Ángel Aragón Torre b and Javier J. GonzálezMartínez daDepartment of Construction, EPS University of Burgos, Calle Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.arsaizmc@ubu.esbDepartment of Civil Engineering, EPS University of Burgos, Calle Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.cDepartment of Materials Science, ETSIB University of Basque Country, Alda. de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao,Spain.Key words: Adhesion, masonry mortars, slagAbstractNew and emerging social values raise awareness of policies on environmental conservationand sustainable development. Such values are increasingly guiding policy decisions on therecovery and reuse of waste generated in industrial processes. This is certainly true forsteelwork slag generated in the manufacturing process, which is rapidly turning into anattractive material for the construction industry, instead of a waste product with no secondaryuse that is consigned to landfill sites. Our contribution to the XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong>on Housing outlines current experience concerning the reuse of ladle furnace (white) slag inthe production of masonry mortar in the construction industry. It also characterizes itsproperties and assesses its features. It studies the adherence behaviour of mortarsmanufactured with ladle furnace (white) slag obtained from secondary metallurgy, inaccordance with applicable industrial standards, comparing the results with those ofconventional mortars. Our objective is to demonstrate the benefits of this industrial byproductin the production of useful construction materials.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 92

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 148ELECTROCHROMIC GLAZING IN CONTEMPORARYARCHITECTURE: EXAMPLES OF USE ANDOPPORTUNITIES FOR THE FUTUREMarco Pittaluga 1 , Gianraffaele Loddo, Gian Piero Cossu, Daniela LudoniDepartment of Architecture, University of Cagliari. Regional Administration of Sardinia.1 e-mail: mpittalu@unica.itKey words: electrochromic glazing, energy savings, architectural envelope, technological innovationAbstractArchitecture and Construction are always reluctant to use innovative materials, althoughcharacterized by promising performance levels, but with initial costs significantly higher thanconventional materials. This inertia is partly contrasted by the requirement for sustainabledesign that leads to organize construction processes ever more appropriate, through a carefulanalysis and selection of building materials and their performance related to system functionsthat the building must fulfill.Currently the Architecture Department of Cagliari University is carring out a research that hasas principal objective the study on the possibility of ever more efficient use of materials,traditional - used in innovative ways too - but also innovative and composites.One of the first materials taken into account is the electrochromic glass, a special type ofchromogenic glass, a variable transparency glazing. EC windows are able to vary theircharacteristics of transparency to solar radiation following application of a very small electricfield. Are therefore particularly suited to energy savings in summer for air conditioning ofbuildings, especially buildings with large windows in Mediterranean climate. However, Ecmaterials are little known and little used.This article therefore seeks to retrace the history of these materials, analyzing theircharacteristics, their use in some case studies and methods of installation. Analyzed the stateof the art, we will explain briefly the ongoing research at the Cagliari University, which aimsto test the actual performance of electrochromic glazing, using them in a test room in a officebuilding, and especially with the comparison of data collected in a adjacent test room whichhas the same characteristics and equipped with traditional glazing. A further aim of the nextphase of experimentation is to evaluate the durability of the materials and the possibility ofglazing regulation, through the current possibilities provided by home and buildingautomation. In hot areas, such as in Mediterranean regions, where the energy requirements ofbuildings is binding for most of the summer conditioning due to intense solar inputs,electrochromic glazing represent, in the near future, a reasonable response in terms of Energysavings. Currently they are among the more interesting components for achievingtransparency, sustainability and linguistic evolution of architectural envelope.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 93

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 150HOW TO IMPROVE THE USEFUL LIFE OF STEELSTRUCTURES LIMITED BY RESISTANCE TO FIREH . García 1 , M. V. Biezma 21 Departament of Física of Escuela PolitécnicaUniversity Pública Vasca48940 Leioa Vizcaya, Spainharkaitzgarcia@gmail.com2 Departament of Ciencia e Ingeniería del Terreno y de los MaterialesUniversity of Cantabria39004 Santander. Spainbiezmav@unican.esKey words: structural steel, fire resistance coating, useful life, safetyAbstractThis paper aims to give a warning to designers of buildings, steel makers and manufacturersof flame retardant coatings. In particular an analysis of the options given by the TechnicalBuilding Code, in Spain (CTE, Código Técnico de la Edificación, at its core document SI,Seguridad en Caso de Incendio, (Safety in case of fire) when seeking to determine therequired fire resistance of structural elements, and also the study of the actual fire resistanceof these structures. Too, it is necessary to justify the behavior of steel structures to fire tobuildings in which at present is not even raised by the use, making a combined analysis of theequivalent time, the calculation of real temperature in the area in case of fire, the passiveprotection fireproof and the special steels of high resistance to fire. With the ultimate goal thatthe steel structures to recover some lost ground with concrete.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 94

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 151NEW GLASS-BASED PHOSPHORESCENT MATERIAL FORCONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY APPLICATIONSM. J. Pérez 1,2 , J. M. Saiz 1,3 , F. González 1,3 and F. Moreno 1,31 FOTOGLASS, S. L.Technological Development Centre of the University of Cantabria (CDTUC)Local 211, Phase A, 39005 Santander. Cantabria (Spain)2 R&D Department, Hispano Italiana de Revestimientos, S. A.39110 Soto de la Marina. Cantabria (Spain)e-mail: perezmj@hisbalit.es3 Optics Group. Applied Physics DepartmentUniversity of Cantabria, 39005 Santander. Cantabria (Spain)Key words: phosphorescence, photoluminescent pigment, sinterized glass, safety signals, decorationAbstractPhotoluminescence is the property shown by some materials which emit light for long periodsof time (hours) after being activated by a wide wavelength band (200-450nm). Zinc sulfide(ZnS) is a conventional phosphorescent pigment showing this characteristic but a newgeneration of light storage material based on Rare-Earth-doped Strontium Oxide Aluminatesexhibit higher initial brightness and longer afterglow. These compounds, developed in recentyears, are free of hazardous and radioactive substances. The purpose of this contribution is toshow the characteristics and behaviour of a new family of photoluminescent coveringmaterials made of recycled glass powder as raw material mixed with a long-durationphosphor and submitted to a variety of sintering procedures. In addition to their longafterglow (>12 hours), these innovative glass tiles have interesting properties as compared toother similar products based on paints or plastics, i.e. hardness, easiness of cleaning, lowwater absorption and resistance to abrasion, thermal shock, acids or stains. These exceptionalfeatures make them very suitable for interior and exterior construction applications either fordecoration or safety purposes. The new products may have an impact on the quality of life forsome housing conditions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 95

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 152MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND DURABILITYOF STRUCTURAL RECYCLED CONCRETEC. Thomas, J. A. Polanco, J. SetiénDept. of Science and Engineering of MaterialsUniversity of Cantabria, School of Civil Engineering of Santander.e-mail: carlos.thomas@unican.esKey words: durability, waste, concrete, recycling, structures.AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the influence of the use of recycled aggregates on somecharacteristics related with the durability of concrete made with them. In this paper, it isdiscussed the replacement of 0% (control concrete), 20%, 50% and 100% of natural limestonecoarse aggregate, of a conventional concrete, with recycled coarse aggregate from theconcrete crushing of demolition [1-5]. The experimental technique used was based on thestudy of the permeability to water and gases, also characterizing the physical and mechanicalproperties of recycled concrete cured, first, in moist chamber and, secondly, in IIIa marineenvironment. As for the results, it was found that the use of recycled aggregates from concretewaste in the manufacture of recycled concrete, dosed with the same water-cement ratio, doesnot generate loss of durability.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 96

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 154FAILURES IN HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STRUCTURALSTEELSJaime Carpio, José A. Casado, José A. Álvarez and Federico Gutiérrez-SolanaDivision of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: carpioj@unican.esKey words: galvanizing, failures, good practice recommendations, pathology of the construction.AbstractThis paper analyzes occasional failure caused in hot-dip galvanized structural steels. Thesefailures are originated by the simultaneous effect of the following factors:• Residual stresses in steels promoted by welds, drilling and/or cold working.• Material susceptibility.• Low melting point elements in the galvanizing bath, e.g. Sn.As a consequence of this study, a group of good practice recommendations for structuralengineers and galvanizers are proposed in order to reduce or eliminate the failures which arepotentially dangerous in buildings and other constructions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 97

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 155BUILT ARCHITECTURE WITH NATURAL STONEGrazia LombardoDepartment of Architecture and UrbanismeUniversity of the Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, Italye-mail: glombardo@dau.unict.itKey words: natural stone, reinforced masonry, prestressed masonry, building system, contemporaryarchitecture.AbstractIn the thought of Peter Rice when the architectural design challenges the laws of nature thestructure becomes architecture. A research, developed at the Department of Architecture andUrban Planning of Catania, proposes a reinforced masonry that is built with blocks of naturalstone instead of artificial blocks. [8] This occurs because the local stone (basalt) has similarcharacteristics to artificial blocks used generally to build masonry. This research hasinterested different aspects related to the building procedure (construction, structural, thermaland environmental aspects). [3-4] Obtained results show good performances of reinforcedmasonry built with basalt. Law in seismic zone sets some limitations to the building ofreinforced masonry for thickness, thinness and restraint conditions. Within this problematic anew phase of this research has been started with the objective to appraise characteristics ofprestressed masonry built with basalt. This paper shows the contribution that prestressedmasonry built with basalt offers in architectural design.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 98

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 156PERFORMANCE OF CORK CONCRETE SUBJECTED TOCHLORIDE MIGRATIONFernando G. Branco 1 , Maria de Lurdes Belgas 2 , António Tadeu 11 CICC, Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Coimbra, Portugale-mail: fjbranco@dec.uc.pt; tadeu@dec.uc.pt2 CICC, Department of Civil EngineeringPolytechnic Institute of Tomar, Portugale-mail: lbelgas@ipt.ptKey words: concrete, cork, durability, chlorideAbstractThe huge importance of reinforced concrete as a building material is an undeniable fact. Notonly is one of the most used and widespread of the building materials, but also the basis for aconsiderable amount of building techniques that depend on concrete performance.Concrete technology improvements along the last decades allowed significant improvementon concrete performance, namely on mechanical strength, durability, sustainability andaesthetics. During the last few years, for sustainability and economical reasons, the use ofseveral types of industry by-products and waste have been tested on concrete admixtures.Rubbers, several types of polymers, glass, organic materials and construction and demolitiondebris have been used to partially replace the traditional aggregates. This aggregatereplacement leads to important changes on mechanical strength and durability of concrete,some of them requiring further research for a better knowledge of the material.Durability of concrete under aggressive environment is one of the most studied phenomena.The main concern on reinforced concrete structures is the problem of steel reinforcementcorrosion, which is highly influenced by carbonation and chloride action.The present work presents the results of research carried out to check the influence of corkgranulates produced by cork manufacturing industry, used as lightweight aggregate forconcrete, under chloride migration. Laboratory tests were carried out, to compare theperformance of different types of concrete, subjected to chloride diffusion. A colorimetricmethod was used to determine the depth of chloride penetration after 28 days, 3 months and 6months.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 99

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 157INFLATABLE BUILDINGS: A NEW IMAGE FOR THE CITYSilvia Blanco AgüeiraPh.D. Degree in ArchitectureUniversity of A Coruña, SpainE-mail: silviablanco@coag.esKey words: Inflatable structures, historical evolution, technological characteristics, housing andsustainability.AbstractInflatable structures have become increasingly popular for a variety of applications in —among other fields— civil engineering, architecture and aerospace engineering. The ability toprovide numerical simulations for complex membrane is advancing rapidly due to theimproved maturity of computational procedures for non-lineal structural systems.We can observe an intense interest in flexible buildings among architects in Europe, theUnited States and Japan, many of whom share a challenge to the weight, permanent andimmobility of traditional architecture. The works of Rem Koolhaas, Nicholas Grimshaw andKengo Kuma, among others, are inspired by Buckminster Fuller, the London groupArchigram and researches by the American military. In fact, much of the technology had beendeveloped by the engineer Walter Bird for the United States Army in the middle of the 20 thcentury.In any case, the pneumatics aesthetic is being retaken nowadays, prompting fascinationamong observers again. Rigid elements of support as columns, walls or arches are not needed.One of the advantages of this system is its power to break the relation between structure andenvironmental boundary, basic in our architecture. This aspect involves an evolution in theconcept of space, as now we understand it.The objective of this study is to collect the most important technology for design andconstruction of inflatable structures. Also, the paper focuses in a new vision for built world inwhich ephemerality and mobility want to replace the inertia that characterizes the currentarchitecture.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 100

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 159THE USE OF BONDING AGENTS TO IMPROVEADHERENCE OF GYPSUM PLASTERS TO CONTINUOUSVAPOR BARRIERSCarlos A. C. Mesquita i , A. García Santos ii , J. Neila González iiiiDepartment of Technology of Faculdade de ArquitecturaUniversidade Técnica de Lisboacamesquita@fa.utl.ptii Department of Architectural Construction and Technology of ETSAMUniversidad Politécnica de Madridalfonso.garciasantos@upm.esiii Department of Architectural Construction and Technology of ETSAMUniversidad Politécnica de Madridfjavier.neila@upm.esKey words: adherence, gypsum plaster, vapor barriers, interstitial condensationAbstractThis paper is based on the experimental work developed during the course of my PhD thesis,and had as objective: the improvement of the adherence of gypsum plasters to continuousvapor barriers.This interior plaster solution, developed in my thesis, pretends to be a new solution toaccomplish the Spanish Standards, Código Técnico de la Edificación - 2006, for interstitialcondensation. It consists to apply a thin layer of continuous vapor barrier to the interior faceof the building envelop and them apply a gypsum plaster to that layer.In this study, those layers, of vapor barrier, were made of boiled linen oil, bitumen emulsionand an epoxy primer with cement. They were applied directly to hollow clay brick in threecoats.In previous tests, the results didn’t achieved the value of 0,5 MPa or had cohesive rupture,required by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering of Portugal and by the Spanishrequirements.In this experimental work, layers of bonding agents were used between the gypsum plasterand the thin layers of vapor barrier, and a SBR emulsion to addition to the gypsum plaster.The values were largely passed with the addition of the SBR emulsion to the gypsum plasterand the bonding agent layer. The use of the bonding agent without the addition of SBRemulsion to the gypsum plaster almost achieved the values required.It is predicted that with the application of the gypsum plaster by projection, which increasesthe adherence, all the adherence requirements can be accomplished.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 101

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 161TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THEPORTUGUESE TRADITIONAL SCHIST CONSTRUCTIONSRicardo S. Barros i, ii , Daniel V. Oliveira ii and Humberto Varum iiii Faculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity Fernando Pessoarbarros@ufp.edu.ptii ISISE, Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Minhodanvco@civil.uminho.ptiii Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Aveirohvarum@ua.ptKey words: schist, masonry, typologiesAbstractSchist constructions represent an important cultural, architectural and historical legacy inEurope, and particularly in Portugal, that urges to preserve. Included among the traditionalPortuguese architectural heritage, there are many traditional buildings in schist masonry,distributed from North to South, varying the types of buildings, the constructivemethodologies and even the material schist, which may vary in properties and characteristics,depending on the region where it is extracted. Over the years, this traditional architecture hasimplemented a sustainable construction through the use of natural materials available in theregion, as today it is desired to implement in the contemporary construction practice. Theconstructive techniques and solutions of these traditional structures have been developed indirect relation with various factors as economic, environmental and social, adapting todifferent requirements over the time, originating a wide diversity of construction typologiesthat today exist in Portugal. The present study intends to describe and characterize thedifferent building typologies of the traditional schist construction in Portugal mainland.Examples of more prominent constructions, considering its dimensions and/or patrimonialimportance are presented and analyzed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 102

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 164IGNIMBRITES QUARRY STONES FOR REPLACEMENTSAND RESTORATION IN THE HISTORIC CENTRE OFMORELIA, MEXICOMartínez-Molina W i , Alonso-Guzman E.M. i,ii , Velasco-Avalos F.A. i , Torres-Acosta A.A. iiii CAC-UMSNH-147, Department of Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Michoacana de SanNicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico, 58000.ii Postgraduate Division, Faculty of Architecture, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia,Michoacan, Mexico, 58000.iii Marist University of Queretaro AC, Construction Materials Laboratory, Marte No.2, Col. Centro, Santiago deQueretaro, Queretaro, Mexico, 76000.i e-mail: wmmolina@umich.mxKey words: ignimbrites, tuffs, igneous extrusive stones, mechanical resistance.AbstractThe historic downtown of Morelia, capital City of Michoacan Estate in Mexico, has aninventory of over a thousand architectonic monuments. This allowed the city to become partof the list of world heritage site by UNESCO at the end of the 20th century.In the Michoacán State location there is an abundance of acidic extrusive igneous rocks suchas the ignimbrite quarry stones. During Spain’s colonial period in Mexico, the ignimbriteswere carved into blocks or reduced size to construct vertical elements such as walls in severalreligious, private, and government buildings. These colonial buildings were erected using invogue European construction techniques. Must of the construction manuals and literaturewere written by scholars and adapted to local conditions, for example as ethnic man powerand regional materials.These ignimbrite quarry stones carved or sculpted blocks were not designed to be coated withmortars to produce esthetical facades. Regularly, amorphous rocks were used as facades inbuildings where mortars and/or painting were used by the designing architects. Afterenvironmental exposure of almost three decades, these rock-based material facades havebegun to deteriorate due mainly by the acid rain or carbonation. In cases of severe exfoliationof the ignimbrite base block matrix, it is necessary to replace the damaged blocks by healthyones obtained from quarry stones of the surrounding places. But it is hard to find a matchbetween old and new ignimbrite blocks. Sometimes the blocks used are from differentmechanical strength, porosity, durability, and color, even though to do this block restitutionthe contractor and the Mexican Institute of History and Anthropology (INAH, in charge of theMexican Standards fro historic building restoration) have tried to locate geographically thequarry from the historical archives. This investigation explains the procedure used during thematerial selection to be used in heritage building restoration.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 103

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 165PARTICLE SIZE VOLCANIC AND QUARTZ SANDS, THEIRINFLUENCE ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICALBEHAVIOR OF LIME MORTARMartínez-Molina W i , Alonso-Guzman E.M. i,ii , Velazco-Avalos F.A. i , Torres-Acosta A.A. iii ,Bedolla-Arroyo J.A. ii , Mendoza-Jimenez J.J. iv , and Acha-Palomares A. iii CAC-UMSNH-147, Department of Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Michoacana de SanNicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico, 58000.ii Postgraduate Division, Faculty of Architecture, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia,Michoacan, Mexico, 58000.iii Marist University of Queretaro AC, Construction Materials Laboratory, Marte No.2, Col. Centro, Santiago deQueretaro, Queretaro, Mexico, 76000.iv School of architecture and design, University of Colima, Colima, Colima, Mexico and Postgraduate Division,Faculty of Architecture of the University of Colima, Colima, Mexico, 28040ie-mail: wmmolina@umich.mxKey words: lime mortar, physical properties, mechanical properties, mucilage, nopalAbstractThe main objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of nopal mucilageadditions (colloquially called nopal secretion) and/or volcanic ash in lime based mortars formasonry, on the mechanical properties such as compressive, tension, and flexure strengths.Other physical properties such as porosity and the quantification of the density and itshomogeneity were also evaluated, which have great influence in the capillary absorption ofwater, gases, lixiviation in the material. Mortar specimens were fabricated according toASTM standards. Four mortar mixtures were elaborated, with additions and without them(control specimens). The physical properties were obtained using a European procedure calledFagerlünd method. Low reactive lime was fabricated manually from the Banco de Piedras deFuego, located in Zitacuaro, Michoacan, Mexico. The volcanic ash was a lime fromAcambaro, Guanajuato, Mexico, and the fine aggregated stone comes from Banco de Joyitas,Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. The mechanical properties of the four mortar mixtures werecorrelated vs. their porosity percentage.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 104

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 166ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF TRADITIONALBUILDING TECHNIQUES, AN APPROACH TOWARDSIMPLEMENTATION TODAYC. Galán-Marín, A. García-López, J. López-MartínezDepartamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I.Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura. University of Seville.e-mail: cgalan@us.esKey words: vernacular architecture, housing, traditional, construction techniques, domestic.AbstractThe study and interpretation of vernacular construction systems are essential in order tounderstand the built environment and current architectural design. Throughout history we areable to understand the reason for building shapes and dwelling typologies, extracting fromthem elements, systems, techniques and materials that have an adequate performance inAndalusia. Far from the characteristic of monumental and singular buildings, populartraditional systems are a successful part of our heritage. Besides, this knowledge allows us todevelop well adapted and environmental-related sustainable architecture. The world oftraditional construction is a world of resources, where the builders adapts the constructionsystem to those materials he can easily find, to deal with the structure, ensure water proofingof the building and optimise the coatings. These ancient techniques passed on from generationto generation, without any vocation for innovation. They are improved gradually andinteractively with the conditions imposed by the environment and the users. Systems arecharacterized by being easy to implement and always concerned for economy and efficiency,with variantions for its adaptation to local needs.The methodology followed for this research implies making a list of the most importantelements to consider: a section of the building main parts; the vertical-load-bearing walls,arches and openings, horizontal elements -slabs and domes-, roof types, coating: plaster,limed and tiles, shutters and pavements. The analysis of each type includes history, evolution,material, techniques and types, and of course their location in the different areas of Andalusia.Therefore, this provides a complete view of each designed element. By isolating a set ofinvariants defining each of the systems studied, allows us to incorporate them in the processof architecture, so they can be reinterpreted from a contemporary perspective to be freely usedin contemporary architecture without losing its essence.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 105

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 167TECHNICAL - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STEEL FIBRESREINFORCED CONCRETE FLAG SLABS. A REALBUILDING APPLICATIONAitor Maturana, Ricardo Sánchez (2) , Javier Canales, Aimar Orbe, Rubén Ansola, EstrellaVegueríaDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of the Basque Countrye-mail: aitor.maturana@ehu.es(2) LKSBizkaia Technology ParkKey words: steel fibres reinforced concrete, flag slabAbstractA real building constructed with Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is presented in thispaper, together with general information on its location, basic geometry, and economic cost.Consideration is given to a widely applied structural solution that uses flag slabs that rest oncolumns. This initial solution consists of conventional passive reinforcement, in the form oflongitudinal rebars that resist the bending moment, as well as transverse rebars in the slabsthat support the area upheld by the columns, in order to prevent punching-shear. The quantityand economic cost of the steel in this solution are then compared with those in the actualstructural solution, which substituted most of the passive rebars in the slabs with Steel FibreReinforced Concrete (SFRC). This unique solution, applied to bi-directional slabs, has beenpioneered in Spain, where no similar national trials exist. The main objective of thealternative structural solution is to reduce costs that are directly associated with passive rebarpreparation and handling. Replacement of the rebars that are placed on site with metallicfibres added in the concrete manufacturing plant reduces passive rebar preparation, handlingand placement at the building site. Moreover, SFRC implies the total elimination of concretevibration. All these factors have a direct impact on the cost of the structure. Its use also entailsfurther benefits, such as longer durability and improvements to the mechanical properties ofthe concrete.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 106

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 168THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE UTILIZING ORDINARYPORTLAND CEMENT BEING PARTIALLY REPLACEDWITH GROUNDNUT SHELL ASHErasmus P. Datok, Jurbe J. Molwus, Napoleon Sule lateDepartment of Building,University of the Jos, Nigeriae-mail: erasdatok@yahoo.comKey words: Groundnut shell ash, Concrete, PozzolanaAbstractThis work is one in a series which explores the use of the ash of groundnut shell as a partreplacement for cement in the production of concrete. The necessity for the part replacementof Ordinary Portland Cement with groundnut shell ash is predicated upon the relative highcost of cement and its un-affordability to a majority rural based Nigerians. Experimentallaboratory work undertaken adopted a percentage replacement of cement with groundnut shellash as a Pozzolana. However a determination of the properties of the groundnut shell ash wasfirst assessed to see if it conforms to the requirements for classification as a Pozzolana. Achemical analysis of the groundnut shell ash gave a result of quantities of certain importantsubstances present, as follows; SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 were determined to be 74.52%, 3.23% and0.25% respectively with a loss on ignition of 11.27%, which in large part conformed to therequirements established for Pozzolana. Concrete sample test cubes were produced adopting a0%, 20%, 30% and 40% part replacement of cement with the ash of the groundnut shell.Results obtained from the testing of the concrete cubes showed Compressive Strength valuesincreasing with the length of duration of curing period. It was also observed that overallCompressive Strength gain reduced with percentage increase in groundnut shell ash content.Adjudged as not having satisfied the Compressive Strength requirements of grade 25concrete, the utilization of concrete produced with part replacement of cement with groundnutshell ash is thus recommended for producing concrete with Compressive Strength notexceeding 20 N/mm 2 at a replacement level not greater than 30%.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 107

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 171A PHYSICAL-ENERGETIC BALANCE OF CO 2 EMISSIONSFOR A WOODEN FACADEArreaza R. Humberto, Avellaneda D. JaumeDepartamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas IUniversidad Politécnica de Cataluñae-mail: piracua@hotmail.comKey words: Wood as a construction material, wood processing, timber facades, CO 2 emissions,embodied energy.AbstractWood enjoys a reputation that evokes adjectives such as sustainable, ecological andenvironmentally friendly. Undoubtedly, trees have a prominent environmental role to play.But a question arises: to what extent is the ecological character of a tree preserved when wetransform it into timber suitable for construction? Transformation implies embodied energyand a substantial generation of waste; it requires the use of pollutants and, of course,transportation. The investigation tracked the life cycle of a facade in terms of the CO2emissions generated by the processes involved, in order to contrast it with the capabilities oflive wood as a CO2 sink.The first stage of the study evaluated the emissions attributable to the physical carbon contentof wood, finding that there was a negative value until construction is complete, which meansthat CO2 emissions are below the net carbon storage. During the second stage, the physicalenergeticbalance shows net emissions becoming positive because the volume of emissionsexceeds timber´s carbon storage capabilities and the wood is no longer a net carbon sink. Thestudy notes that the increase in CO2 emissions during the production phase is due to the heatused to dry the lumber and to compress and glue plywood and cross laminated wood. In thestudy we evaluated a mixed energy profile that involves the use of both fossil and alternativefuels. Finally a scenario is explored using alternative energy sources exclusively and makingcomparisons with the conditions examined earlier.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 108

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 173THE INFLUENCE OF WATER REPELLENT PRODUCTS ONTHE CHROMATIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE CERAMICBRICKJ. A. Coronado Martín, A. García SantosTechnical School of Architecture (E.T.S.A.M.), Department of Structural and Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of Madrid (U.P.M.), Spain.e-mail: jesusangel.coronado.martin@alumnos.upm.esKey words: Ceramic brick, polymeric materials, surface properties, colour, water repellentsAbstractThe variation of surface properties, COLOUR AND LUMINOSITY, on a ceramic supportprotected by water repellent products is analysed. The test tubes were analysed using digitalprocessing, obtaining quantifiable measures for each ceramic sample through computerprograms (colour modifications) taking as a reference the same type of ceramic with noprotection.Different shades to the reference ones were observed in the surface of the ceramic piecestreated with water repellents. This variation is brought about by the kind of water repellentand the base material, obtaining as general conclusions that all water repellents causevariations of the shade and brightness of the piece, and that the appreciation of the colour inthe ceramic treated with water repellent products modifies its shade, tending to the shades socalled “warm”, because of the presence of red and the loss of blue.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 109

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 174THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GYPSUM BOARDSWITH PCM: THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE IN BUILDINGSTHROUGH LATENT HEAT*Oliver A. 1 , Neila F.J. 1 , García A. 1Department of Construction and Technology in Architecture 11 University Polytechnic of Madrid* e-mail: oliver_alice@yahoo.esKey words: thermal energy, storage, PCM, gypsum board, building material,AbstractIn this research is demonstrated the suitability of including PCM in gypsum boards tomultiply their thermal energy storage capacity. So is evaluated and compared the thermalstorage capacity of several constructive materials, whose use and application is similar to thegypsum boards: paneling of a wall and partition wall.An experimental facility has been designed and operated for the study of the new compoundmaterial, exchanging heat with air. It has been studied the influence of different parametersand system variables (working temperature, air velocity, display of the phase changematerials, and location in the building…), to establish a latent heat storage system which -complemented with passive strategies (solar gains, natural ventilation) - reduces theacclimatization energy consumption in buildings.So, here we demonstrate that a gypsum board including a 44.5% in weight of phase changematerials (PCM) is able to store -in a 1.5 cm thick- 5 times the thermal energy of a currentgypsum board -with the same thickness-, and the same amount to 11.5 cm brickwork, in thecomfort temperature range (20-30 ºC), maintaining the mechanical and physical propertiesrequired by the regulations in force.The interest of this work, in terms of thermal storage, is focused on the application in buildingmaterials, gypsum, to reduce or even eliminate, depending on weather conditions where theyare placed, the heating and cooling loads.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 110

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 175THE CLASSIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION ANDCHROMATIC DESCOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OFCOLOURLESS VARNISHES, APPLIED TO WOOD USED INCONSTRUCTIONRodriguez Rodriguez, A., Garcia Santos, A.Department of Construction and Technology in ArchitectureTechnical School of ArchitectureTechnical University of Madrid, Spaine-mail: antonio.rodriguez.rodriguez@upm.esKey words: Timber. Plastic materials. Surface coatings. Surface properties. Texture and colour.Colourless varnishes.AbstractTo analyse the performance of a series of varnishes, supposedly colorless and applied to arange of woods: oak, white lauan and mdf composite board, and using chromaticdecomposition techniques, through the use of an optical reflection microscope, to obtain arange of graphical histograms with numerical values of luminosity and chromaticcomposition, thus verifying that the varnishes that are sold as colourless, are not completelyso, but they tend to highlight some of the basic colours.As well as the qualitative characterization of every varnish, applied to the wood, severalprocedures are tested that might be used in professional work, at an intermediate levelbetween the absolute scientific precision and the individual opinion.So that while the composition of the varnish is sought, as well as its suitability for a particularwood, the reliability, use and speed of the procedure used are also evaluated.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 111

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 176VIABILITY ANALYSIS OF USING CELLULOSE PULPRECYCLED FROM CEMENT SACKS IN THE PRODUCTIONOF COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKSMárcio Buson i , Humberto Varum ii , and Rosa Maria Sposto ii University of Brasília, BrazilFaculty of Architecture and Urbanisme-mail: mbuson@unb.br; rmsposto@unb.brii University of Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Civil Engineeringe-mail: hvarum@ua.ptKeywords: earthen architecture, CEB, recycling, cement sacks, kraft fibers, compressive strength.AbstractThis study concerns the development and analysis of the Kraftterra composite – raw earthstabilized with disperse fibers made with kraft paper from recycled cement sacks – for theproduction of CEBs and mortar for masonry infill elements. Its main goal is to define thebehavior of small walls (prisms) of Kraftterra in relation to diagonal compression. The testsshow that the prisms produced with Kraftterra CEBs and mortar show excellent bond strengthbetween block and mortar. All the prisms tested presented fissure lines very close to thenormal load line and the fissures occurred in the blocks and in the mortar in similar manner,without separation between these elements. The mortar produced with Kraftterra results instrong bonds between blocks and produces homogeneous construction elements with uniformperformance, that is, with high monolithicity.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 112

TOPIC II – DESIGN FOR SUSTANIBILITY ANDREFURBISHMENT.TOPIC IIDESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY ANDREFURBISHMENT• CRITERIA OF DESIGN.• USE OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGIES.• BUILDINGS OF LOW POWER CONSUMPTION.• USING NATURAL RESOURCES.• REFURBISHMENT POLICIES IN CITIES.• ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 113

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 201ISSUES RELATED TO THE URBAN REGENERATIONAPPLICATIONS IN TURKEYSevin AksoyluDepartment of ArchitectureAnadolu University, TURKEYsaksoylu@anadolu.edu.trKEY WORDS: Urban regeneration, Mass Housing, Squatter HousingAbstractUrban regeneration has recently been on the agenda of many municipalities in Turkey . Somelegislation was put in the practice to regulate this process , responsibilities of TOKİ ( MassHousing Authority) has widened and its resources have increased with some regulations after2003. Preparation and implementation of the improvement plans of the squatter orunauthorized housing areas , to make construction implementations and to perform financialregulations are some of the responsibilities of the institution. Approach of the authority tothe deteriorated areas is unique in every cities with the same rules , projects and the policy ,regarding urban regeneration as a form of project-based housing supply for the high incomeand status group, instead of a holistic re-structuring process that should be evaluated at anurban scale. The authority has also cooperated with central and local government agencies torestructure the some parts of the cities without considering the land use decisions of themaster plans. These are resulted in the exclusion of the present residents , increase in theprices of land, inability to control urban development and the like.This paper is structured in three sections. In the first section, content of the regeneration andlegislation in Turkey will be discussed. The second section will examine issues related tothe regeneration applications and housing program of Mass Housing Authority (TOKİ) withthe coordination of local governments without considering the social , economic aspects ofregeneration and land use decisions of the development plans as a result transformation ofthe cities as physical problem areas by analyzing improvement plans of different cities . In thethird and concluding section, some evaluations and recommendations will be made.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 114

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 204MODEL OF HOUSE DESIGN RESPONSIVE TO HOT-DRYCLIMATEProf. Dr. Miqdad Haidar Al-JawadiDept. of Architecture-University of Technology ,Baghdad, Iraq,Email: miqdad@maljawadi.comKey words: climatic Design, sustainable design, courtyards, wind catchersAbstractThe presented model here represents one of a series of our applied research, aimed atproviding easy and very simple design formulation to be a model for architects to illustrate tothem the possibility of linking results of applied research with aesthetic and occupationhuman needs if adopted in large housing projects to be harmonious with our climate andenvironment.This model won a prize of the Iraqi Energy Consultative Committee in a competition for thebest environmental design, and in retrospect evaluation after implementation, thermal,economical, and utilization measurements were performed on the model 20 years after itsconstruction. The results were in agreement with initial design expectations, to verify thesuccess of the bases on which the model was designed.The design style for this model was applied on a 2-storey house, construction area 380 m 2 ,land plot area 288 m 2 , with eastern frontage. The house consists of 5 bed-rooms, reception,living area, office, kitchen, store-room, 4 bathrooms, and interior garden, proved that:1- The internal temperatures for most days of the year were within thermal comfort limits fordry-hot climate areas;2- During summer days, use of low-load air-conditioning appliances is sufficient to bring thehouse temperature to thermal comfort limits;3- Day-time, since sunrise, the house enjoyed good natural lighting for most rooms;4- With the introduction of more advanced wind catchers than traditional ones, the designprovided natural air circulation, to cool people and building day- and night-time duringtemperate months, and provided cooling for the night, and early hours of the morning duringsummer-time;5- The design facilitated interior space (garden) of temperate temperature during summer andwinter, where summer temperature was nearly 13 degrees less than for the outer garden;6- Electrical power consumption for lighting, heating and cooling about 7500 Kilo-Watt forone year.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 115

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 209DESIGN APPROACHES FOR THE CONVERSION OFHISTORIC RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSN. Asoobar *, Ö. Olgaç Türker ***Department of Interior Architecture*Near East University (North Cyprus)*e-mail: negarasoobar@yahoo.com**Department of Interior Architecture**Eastern Mediterranean University (North Cyprus)**e-mail: ozlem.olgac@emu.edu.trKey words: Conversion, Adaptive re-use, Re-functioning, Historical building, Interior DesignAbstractConversions of an existing building can generally answer the requirements better than a newbuilding can provide, in most typologies. Adaptive re-use of existing buildings can help toattain a more sustainable environment. For these reasons, nowadays housing conversionprogrammes are spread out to the world. Moreover, converting the old buildings to new usesare frequently cheaper than the cost of new buildings, so re-using old buildings can be madeon sound economic ground.Building conversion is usually inspired by the need to make certain that properties have acontinuing use. In fact it is a response to answer to the changes in the user preferences.The purpose to keep it useful is critical in such cases. The ultimate positive objective ofconversion is, bringing new life to an old building endangered with disuse and concludingdemolition [14].Another important aspect of this matter is, in 20 th century the number of conversions in theworld has increased because of economical reasons and also because of the lack of sufficientbuildings.This study aims to investigate and classify the re-functioned historical residential buildingsfor an assessment of conversion in terms of different conversion tools and criteria. Thedifferent types of residential historical buildings with different types of conversions such asphysical interior or exterior conversion; to the same use; or to the mixed use; are investigatedaccording to the conversion criteria such as the original style, functional, economical, and thevalues appropriateness.And the conclusions will cover the possible directions that will be followed in the future, inthe conversion design, for enlightening other researchers as well as the renovating architects,and interior architects.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 116

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 212DESIGN FOR HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGPeter Schmid 1 and Gabriella Pal-Schmid 21 Faculty of Architecture, Building, and Planning, Eindhoven University of Technology TU/e, NL2 Research Education Design in Science Art Technology for Peaceful Sustainable Development - RED1 e-mail: Peter.Schmid.PS@gmail.comKey words: sustainable housing design, architecture, town planning, teamworkAbstractHow to design buildings, healthy for dwellers as well as builders and sustainable in the senseof responsible use of resources also for generations ahead? Our contribution fills a gap in thebody of knowledge concerning the significant improvement of sustainability by usingbiomass materials for the whole building scene. Answers to this question will be discussed inthis paper. Attention will be paid on basic principles of both, health and sustainability, and anumber of practical proposals for healthy and sustainable building systems. New ‘bio-logical’and technological possibilities give opportunities to design architecture for housing, wherevillage, town and city planning, and refurbishment are included. ‘Natural examples’ – in thiscontext bionics or bio mimicry – can deliver inspiring models to be followed for new,innovative building concepts. The use of renewable, particularly annually re-growing,biomass materials plays a dominant role in the development for healthy and sustainablebuildings. Recent design studies in the frame of building technology as well as architecturewill be explained. Beside design in its narrow sense, we consider the following essentialfactors as well: Strategies for refurbishment will show how the new developed technologiescan help to make the existing buildings more sustainable. In accordance with a holisticapproach – the MHP - Method Holistic Participation - can support efficient designorganization. In all phases of development, we have to be aware about the financialcircumstances. Those financial circumstances have unsustainably hidden sides, as alreadyoffered with the Iceberg Theory. The affordability of Housing, including many types ofbuildings, is a clearly tremendously important item. Objectives are opportunities for new,future-orientated perspectives and design proposals for globally relevant sustainable, healthy,and environmentally sound Housing.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 117

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 213ABANDONED METHODS OF PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN INTRADITIONAL CYPRUS ARCHITECTUREL. Cazacova 1 , A. M. Saymanlier 2 , A. Erdelhun 3 , U. Ulbar 4 , V. Caganaga 51;2;3;4;5 Department of Architecture and Interior Architecture1;2;3;4;5 European University of Lefke, North Cyprus1 e-mail: liudmila_cazacova@yahoo.comKey words: traditional Cyprus house, vernacular architecture, passive solar design, sustainabilityAbstractPresently, the levels of energy consumption and global warming are rising at a rapid pace.One of the main sectors that plays major role in energy consumption is building sector: mostof 20th century buildings in hot climate are not suitable even for present conditions. They aredependent on air conditioning systems and electricity, reliant on fossil fuels and increasinglyunable to adapt to a warming climate. The best way to find a solution for this problem is tofocus on and study traditional buildings and architecture that is more adaptable to the currentconcerns and sustainability in environment. Many traditional technologies are energy efficientand sustainable, although some of them are no longer properly functioning due to cultural andenvironmental changes. In this regard, the key challenge is to learn fundamental lessons andprinciples of traditional architecture, and to find ways of integrating those principles intodevelopment programs to plan new settlements or to upgrade existing ones. Studyingtraditional techniques to understand the sustainable strategies used in hot climate should makea valuable contribution to the field.With the aim to find the extent to how traditional passive techniques are viable and useable,and can help creating a sustainable environment and optimizing the energy use, twotraditional houses in different areas have been analyzed. The intention of the research is tostudy passive solar design techniques in traditional Cypriot Architecture and understand howpassive cooling/heating techniques in traditional architecture provide thermal comfort, andharmonious balance between buildings, climate and people’s lifestyles.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 118

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 214BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS INBRAZILIAN SCHOLAR BUILDINGSViviane de Jesus Gomes Alves 1 , Maria Cristina Ramos de Carvalho 2 ,Ricardo André Fiorotti Peixoto 31,2,3Department of Civil Engineering1,2,3Federal Centre for Technological Education of Minas Gerais1gomesvivi@yahoo.com.br; 2 cristina.carvalho@civil.cefetmg.br; 3 ricardofiorotti@yahoo.com.brKey words: bioclimatic architecture, sustainability, scholar buildings, tropical architecture.AbstractThe bioclimatic architecture proposes sustainability through the reduction of environmentalimpacts, energy conservation and environmental comfort in buildings, adopting principles ofarchitectural project conceptions and constructions technologies appropriated to regionalclimate characteristics. This work aims to investigate natural climate strategies adopted inBrazilian scholar buildings. It focuses in identifying, classifying and analyzing sustainableconstruction systems, bioclimatic architecture and eco-design concepts adopted in projectsolutions in the tropical architecture. The work is developed using documental literature, fieldresearch and interviews for data collection. It seeks to systematize construction solutionsfocus on the environmental preservation through the use of natural thermal comfort, and tocollaborate to spread scientific and technological knowledge. The main contribution of thispaper is to discuss the integration between architectural design and construction systemsthrough the incorporation of bioclimatic architectural principles to the design and constructionsolutions. It also aims the development of a better quality and more sustainable civilconstruction.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 119

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 215SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO SOCIALHOUSING IN TROPICAL CLIMATEASSIS, Eleonora S. i ; RAMOS, Jussara G. L. ii ; CORTIZO, Eduardo C. iii ; VELOSO, AnaCarolina O. ivSchool of ArchitectureFederal University of Minas Gerais, BRAZILe-mail: i elsad@ufmg.br, ii jussaragrosch@yahoo.com.br, iii cabaleiro@gmail.com, iv acoveloso@gmail.comKey words: social housing, energy efficiency, sustainability, thermal performance, low environmentalimpact.AbstractThe contemporary problems in emerging countries, just as environmental and resources crisis,social problems, like housing shortage, require a thermal-energy efficient building and a lowenvironmental impact construction. In this sense, these points are important for socialhousing, provided that financial limits for this kind of undertaking and the low investmentcapability for building maintenance. Furthermore, the major part of housing shortage isrelated to the lower familiar income. Accordingly, this paper presents a social housing designand its urban plan in Formiga, a tropical climate city in Brazil. This social architecture usessustainable principles, integrating the following features: water and energy conservation,bioclimatic architectonic solution, use of renewable natural resources, besides specification oflow environmental impact materials. Urban and architectonic solutions were suggested inorder to design 89 (eighty nine) dwellings; moreover, on account of the social demand, housesare designed for families with four members. The solution concerns water and energyconservation due to the reutilization of rainwater, low water conservation system, solar waterheating system, along with lighting and thermal comfort performance. Finally, the dwellingunit saves 47% (forty seven percent) of energy consumption and 31% (thirty one percent) ofwater consumption compared to ordinary social housing.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 120

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 216IS A SUSTAINABLE URBANISM POSSIBLE IN 21 CENTURYEGYPT?THE USE OF LEED SYSTEM AS A SUSTAINABILITYINDICATOR: THE EXAMPLE OF THE DESIGN OF THENEW GATED COMMUNITIESDr: Hanaa Mahmoud ShokryAssociate Professor; Head of Architectural Department – Higher Technological Institute 10th of Ramadan -EgyptEmail;hanaashokry@hotmail.comKey words: Sprawl; Smart growth; Gated Communities; LEED; Seaside, EnvironmentalPerformance, Egypt.AbstractThe rapid growth of the built environment has been pointed out as the major challenges tosustainability all over the world. Low density "sprawling" communities represent the mostundesired form of urban growth both for the waste of land and energy they cause as well asfor the lack of a "sense of place" they promote among their inhabitants. Several critiques tosuch type of urbanization have being heard since the last decades of the 20 century, causing inturn a reaction, in the form of new urban design approaches such as "Smart Growth" and"New Urbanism". The term "Smart Growth" was formulated in reference to smarter strategiesthat can fix the problems caused by urban sprawl. From the construction standpoint, the questfor sustainability has been pursued through the creation of several "green index" systems, ofwhich the most widely accepted is the LEED green building rating system. It would beinteresting to compare some examples of new urbanism represents major progress such as thetown of Seaside, Florida, with our new gates communities, and to find out what are the majorways to determine such elusive sustainability. Are we doing better now? Can we measureenvironmental performance? These are the questions that lay at the core of this paper.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 121

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 220CHRONIC SPACE TO THE SETTLEMENTENVIRONMENTAL OF AMMATOA KAJANG, INTRADITIONAL AREA, REGENCY OF BULUKUMBA, SOUTHSULAWESIMimi Arifin, Happy Ratna Santosa and Purwnita SetijantiDepartment of ArchitectureSepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) Surabaya,e-mail: mimiarifin@yahoo.comKey words: Chronic Space, settlements environmental, traditional areaAbstractKajang traditional architecture is one of the cultural physical manifestations which areproduced by traditional communities in Regency of Bulukumba, South Sulawesi. Thiscommunity is called Ammatoa Kajang Community which inhabited in Kajang more than 5centuries, by the socio historical development of this community was divided into threegroups in Kajang, as traditional area, transition area and living outer area. Consistent attitudetoward the values and norms which they profess amid swift currents of change and renewal inthe modern era is an interesting phenomenon.Chronic space is a manifested space in the ritual activities of human. This study tried toexplore the behavior of awning community heavily is influenced by traditional norms.Whether this chronic effect on the formation of space on the spaces in their neighborhoods.The method of research is using a qualitative approach in the traditional areas, especially inthe village of Benteng. The selection is done by purposive sampling. The data is collected byexploration such as direct observations, sketches, documentation and interviews.Spaces that contain Kajang community activity in general is a chronic space. This is becausethe norms of that govern them in good behavior against fellow human beings, nature and Godas creator. This makes their neighborhoods are well cultivated. The forest became a ritualareas for those are sustainable and with full awareness almost untouched by them.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 122

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 221THE TRADITIONAL HOUSEHARMONIOUS CONCEPT BETWEEN SUSTAINABLEENVIRONMENT, AFFORDABLE HOUSING, AND NEEDS(CASE STUDY : THE FISHERMAN HOUSE IN AENG BATUVILLAGE, TAKALAR)Idawarni¹ , Happy Ratna Santosa², Purwanita Setijanti³1Student Doctor Program, Department of Architecture, ITS Surabaya2Lecturer Department of Architecture, ITS Surabaya3Lecturer Department of Architecture, ITS SurabayaEmail: Idawarni_asmal@yahoo.comKey Words: Traditional house, harmonious, affordable housing, sustainable, and needs.AbstractTraditional house does not only indicate the identity of the owner’s group, which is also ableto raise its self-esteem and to distinquish them from other groups, but also indicates thecultural wealth of certain nation. Its model does not only go along the site where it isconstructed but also carry multi function tasks where each space has function following theowner’s economic capacity, price affordability, material availability, community, technologycompetence, flexibility (separable, movable, replaceable, changeable ). The traditional houseis a monumental creation of our ancestors which has been having improvement, completion,and adaptation by times.However, there is a growing trend in the fisherman settlement tobuild modern architecture-houses (brick house/lower house) whose design is different fromthe previous type (the stilt house). Built modern-architecture house due to self-esteem andtrend, the community seemed to look down and ignore the existence of traditional housesalthough the houses were sustainable, affordable, and adjustable to need level.This study wasto find out synchronization between nature (environment), needs and economic condition atfisherman-village of Aeng Batu in South Sulawesi. Indonesia.The method used is acombination of qualitative and quantitative, where both methods were used in data collectionand data analysis.The result is clear description of traditional house as an affordable,sustainable, and need -driven creation of coastal community.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 123

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 223APARTMENTS FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE IN A BUILDINGDESIGNED AS A RETIREMENT HOMELuis Ortiz, Pepe Martínez, Xabier GesalagaArquitecturaLKS. Mondragon Corporation.C/ Geldo - Parque Tecnológico de BizkaiaEdificio 700.E-48160-DERIO (Bizkaia) - SPAINEmail;lortiz@lksingenieria.esKey words: adaptable, building energy efficiency, life cycleAbastractThe building as a model for conceiving a projectThe future of the construction industry will be a science of what to do with the builtenvironment rather than the classical problem of what is needed to be built.The necessary areas for living, working and entertainment are probably already built, but weneed to update them to comply with the new codes, the new needs and the new uses of oursociety.For this reason we are looking at new ways of addressing our profession:Firstly we have to decide whether a new way of living requires a new space or if there isalready an existing space available.Secondly, we have to adapt the chosen space to the new requirements of society and thenew codes and regulations.Thirdly, we have to think about the sustainable and energetic needs, in order to updatethe building to the new efficiency requirements in terms of energy.Life cicleWe want to add a vision of life cycle to a building in terms of changing and updating.With this vision we are looking for “quality existing buildings” and for a way of designing“versatile frameworks” and layouts allowing for future renovation and refurbishments.Therefore our research is two pronged:1.- Identify examples of transformable buildings2.- Looking for a design strategy that allows for easy changes of use.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 124

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 226REHABILITATION AND RETROFIT: SUSTAINABLEFUTURES IN ROMANIA’S SAXON VILLAGESHughes, T. and Hughes, A.School of Architecture, Design and the Built EnvironmentNottingham Trent University, UKe-mail: tom.hughes@ntu.ac.ukKey words: conservation, retrofit, refurbishment, rehabilitation, sustainability, traditionAbstractThis paper examines the rehabilitation of houses in Romania’s Saxon Villages. Established inthe 12th and 13th centuries, a distinctive pattern of settlement and house types developed. Thefuture of the villages came under threat following the mass emigration of the Saxonpopulation in the early 1990s, and a number of heritage conservation bodies are now active inthe area.Two main groups have carried rehabilitation of the houses: Conservation organizations andprivate house owners (including returning Saxons). The former have focused on revivingtraditional materials and techniques (lime render, timber windows), improving the habitabilityof the buildings but with a focus on retaining the external appearance. The latter have soughtto upgrade the levels of comfort and reduce maintenance using modern materials andcomponents (UPVC windows, cement based render), changing the building appearance in theprocess.A longitudinal study of a single Saxon Village (Laslea), using interviews and a photographicsurvey to identify building rehabilitation work that has occurred in the period 2003-2009,identified both a rapid pace of rehabilitation and a strong preference for modern materials andmethods. A comparative study was carried out in villages where conservation organizationsare more active, however it was confirmed that private individuals who had a choice arecarrying out little conservation-minded rehabilitation work.The construction and materials of the houses is examined in order to identify appliedstrategies for their rehabilitation. These strategies are linked to the disparate sustainablefutures envisaged for the villages by different groups. In conclusion a challenge is laid downto link the discussion of appropriate technical solutions with an open dialogue on creating arealistic, sustainable future for the villages.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 125

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 228INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART-ECOBUILDINGS IN 2030Prof. ing. Marco Imperadori, ing. Gabriele Masera, arch. Giuliana IannacconeDepartment of Building and Environment Science and Technology - BESTPolitecnico di Milano, Italye-mail: marco.imperadori@polimi.it, gabriele.masera@polimi.it, giuliana.iannaccone@polimi.itKey words: Sustainable buildings, technological innovation, renewable energy, building design,innovative building products and materialsAbstractThe design of buildings has always been a complex matter, not least because life cycles areextremely long and it is difficult to predict what will happen in decades. Today, this challengeis made even more compelling because climate change is accelerating and we may findourselves in 2030 with a very different world from the one we have known in the last century.Smart-ECO is a EU funded project that provides a vision of what should be a sustainablebuilding in the time period 2010–2030. The research focuses on routes and means that enablethe uptake of efficient innovative technologies that in turn enable buildings to meet therequirements originating from the identification of changes that will affect the building sectorin the next future. Adaptation strategies and other relevant aspects are considered to illustratehow Smart-ECO buildings, over their service life, could meet future requirements.The building sector has a considerable potential for positive change both in mitigation andadaptation strategies, to become more efficient in terms of resource use and environmentalimpact. Building practices will have to change to ensure buildings continue to fulfil theirfunctions throughout their life cycle. Most of the strategies for adapting buildings to theeffects of climate change are described in this paper. Many of these measures also help tomitigate climate change – and quite a few reduce building operating costs or improvedurability, benefiting building owners as well as the future of the planet.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 126

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 229MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN PROCESS: URBAN,ARCHITECTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSESFOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS INNORTHERN ITALYG. Masera i , M. Grecchi i , L. E. Malighetti i , D. Palazzo ii , M. M. Sesana i*i Department of Building Environment Science and Technology, BESTii Department Architecture and Planning, DiAPi University: Politecnico di Milanoi* e-mail: marta.sesana@mail.polimi.itKey words: multidisciplinary design process, urban scale, bioclimatic approach, energy auditAbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the multidisciplinary design process developed for aresearch on recent residential buildings in Northern Italy. The novelty of the approach is theconcrete application on case studies of holistic analysis process. The multidisciplinary team,composed by urban planners, architectural designers, and experts in energy-efficiencytechniques, has examined two buildings preventively designed under the Biocasa protocol©of a cooperative company active in Northern Italy.The aim of the project was to identify an integrated procedure to increase the environmentalquality (specifically in term of energy efficiency) of these houses. The research wasarticulated in three levels: 1. Urban, 2. Architectural, 3. Technological. The plan was toinvestigate alternative designs for the buildings proposed by the cooperative developer,driving the design towards the realization of climate-sensitive buildings: minimizing thenegative effects on the climate using the smallest amount of resources and energy and, at thesame time, making maximum use of the positive effects, such as the sun, to create a “healthy”interaction between indoor and outdoor climate conditions in buildings.The alternative outcomes have been compared with the original ones in order to understandand to measure the positive and negative effects, using the tools: CENED (steady-state) andTRNSYS for the estimation of energy consumption and ECOTECT for daylight analyses. Theparameters considered for the alternative projects belong to different fields: environmental aturban scale (wind, solar exposure, orientation, climate condition), architectural (shapes,internal layout, building types), constructive (insulation, shadows, openings, etc.), andsystems (HVAC, renewable energy sources).The multidisciplinary nature of the research emphasizes the importance of the process, whichintegrates different disciplinary approaches, to carry out a sustainable house and to transformthe generic concept of sustainability into a measurable element with some comparablepointers37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 127

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 230NET ZERO ENERGY REVOLUTION: CRITERIA,STRATEGIES AND TOOLS TO DESIGN A NZE HOUSE INTEMPERATE CLIMATE. AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TORESIDENTIAL CASE STUDIESM. M. Sesana i* , M. Grecchi i , G. Masera ii Department of Building Environment Science and Technologyi University Politecnico di Milanoi* e-mail: marta.sesana@mail.polimi.itKey words: net zero energy house, guidelines, dynamic simulation tools, case study.AbstractRevolutionary thinking about building performances, energy consumption and carbonemissions requires understanding exactly how buildings consume energy and particularlywhere the next generation of efficient building design is going, according with the recentEPBD. The European Parliament has in fact introduced a series of amendments, the mostradical of which, concerning net zero energy standards for buildings from 2020.This paper presents the first findings of the ongoing research on Residential sector and itsEnergy Evolution process: the NZE REvolution. The architectural design in its complexityhas suffered many changes, especially considering all matters related with sustainability andenvironmental quality. The potential impact of climate change on buildings has to becomeone of the most important factors to drive the design of buildings and to make them moreresilient to future climate.The research focuses on the analyses of multifamily residential buildings in temperateclimate, both existing and new. Through the use of both steady state and dynamic simulationtools (PHPP, CENED, IDA ICE), an in-depth investigation on the case studies is reached witha series of steps: from a basic configuration of the model to the definition of differentscenarios in order to evaluate the influence that each element (climatic, architectural,technological) has on comfort and energy consumption.The methodology is composed by workpackages: the realization of the simulation model, itsvalidation with the monitoring data, in case of availability and the final optimization of themodel. The critical review of simulation results leads to the definition of a final database ofparameters clustered by percentage of influence.The conclusion of the work are guidelines for NZE House in temperate climate and thedefinition of an integrated approach, from the environmental context to the technical andsystem solutions, to design a NZEH, providing concrete answers and an operative planningtool.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 128

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 233TOOL DESIGN AS A STRATEGY FOR ARCHITECTURALDESIGNRamón J. González-Márquez a , Roberto Molinos Esparza baCivil Engineering and Architecture DivisionSENER Ingeniería y Sistemas S.A., 48930 Getxo, Españae-mail: ramon.gonzalez@sener.esb Digital Technologies Research AreaIE School of Architecture, 28006 Madrid, Españae-mail: rmolinos@profesor.ie.eduKey words: Parametric Design, BIM, Integrated Design.AbstractThe design and documentation of large infrastructures have to respond, in an integrated way,to an increasing number of constraints and inter-connected variables. The complexity of thoseprojects prevents them from being approached in a linear or hierarchical fashion, as everyparameter has to be balanced in order to reach an optimum result.This paper summarizes our approach to the management of four complexities in threedifferent projects through the use of constraints and specific processes built around thedevelopment of customized design tools. These tools focus in the interoperability andcompatibility of information across the different disciplines engaged in the definition andconstruction of the project, paying special attention to geometric, structural and energeticissues.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 129

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 235OPTICAL AND THERMAL DESIGN AND MODELLING OFARCHITECTURAL SHADING SYSTEMSR. Garay, N. Tellado, I. ApraizConstruction Unit. Building and Sustainable Urban Environment.Labein-TecnaliaParque Tecnológico de Bizkaiac/ Geldo. Edificio 70048160 Derio, Bizkaia, SpainE-mail: rgaray@labein.esKey words: Energy efficiency, shading, cooling, heating, building.AbstractThe use of shading elements in building façades is a common resource when an energyefficient building is designed, moreover in warm climates. Nevertheless, commonly usedbuilding thermal modelling tools, only allow a simplified definition of the shading elementgeometry. In order to design better performing shading elements, an accurate characterizationof the geometry and the optical and thermal performance of the elements should be carried outand their effects on the energy efficiency of the building simulated.This study describes the thermal and optical characterization and modelling of a 3D shapedmetallic façade shading element and the resulting new Type for TRNSYS. This Type enablesthe simulation of the energy performance of the shading element when placed in buildingfaçades. Energy performance simulations for office buildings, for different façade orientationsand in several climatic zones in Europe have been carried out. The results are compared andthe most appropriate and performing applications of these elements are assessed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 130

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 236PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM SUPPORT FOR THE HEATPUMPM. Kusnir, P. Kapalo, Z. VranayovaInstitute of Building and Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of Kosicee-mail: marek.kusnir@tuke.skKey words: photovoltaic system, heat pumpAbstractThe issue of dependence on fossil types of energies gradually forcing people to think aboutalternative energy sources. At some time, our energy sources will be exhausted and thereforemankind has a formidable task. This task is to find renewable energy sources that need to besufficiently transformed to other energies in the future that will replace the current types ofenergy.One alternative source of energy is energy derived directly from the Sun. Solar energy hasenormous potential for its use. Currently, we make full use of only a small fraction of theenergy that falls on Earth's surface. This solar energy can be transformed into various types ofenergy. The most common conversion of solar energy is to thermal energy or electricity.Electricity arises with conversion of solar energy through photovoltaic cells.Another alternative energy source is geothermal energy, energy of the earth. To use this typeof energy we are using heat pump. Heat pumps can increase the value of geothermal energy inthe intermediate input of electric power.This article will address the interaction with photovoltaic system and heat pump. Percentageutilization of the proposed photovoltaic system and heat pump.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 131

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 237IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT IN THERMAL REHABILITATION OFRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ROMANIALecturer PhD Eng. Nicoleta COBIRZAN, Reader PhD Eng. Anca POPA, Lecturer PhD Eng.Claudiu ACIU, Professor PhD Eng. Mariana BRUMARUDepartment of Buildings, Foundations and Building MaterialsTechnical University of Cluj-Napoca; Faculty of Civil Engineering25, G. Baritiu Street; 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romaniae-mail: Nicoleta.Cobarzan@cif.utcluj.roKey words: sustainable development, environmental pollution, energy efficiencyAbstractThe rapid growth of the global population as well as the improvement of the quality of life inthe last decades, implicitely lead to an increased energy consumption in both, economicallydeveloped and developing countries. The excessive energy consumption as a result ofconstruction, maintenance and operation of buildings, generation of wastes as a result of theconstruction or maintenance processes and the improper land use, may have catastrophiceffects globally as well as locally if not carefully analysed in the design stage. The paperpresents a theoretical analysis of the factors influencing the design of residential buildings inthe context of sustainable development in order to diminish the environmental impact, alsoallowing the performance, during the exploitation/operation period, of certain modernisationworks that are necessary for adapting them to the requirements of the new generations.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 132

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 241DIFICULTIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN ROOFSIN SPAIN AND ACTUATION PROPOSALSAurora Monge Barrio, Ana Sánchez-Ostiz GutiérrezDepartamento de Edificación– Edification DepartmentUniversidad de Navarra, España – University of Navarre, SpainE-mail: auroramonge@coavn.orgKey words: green roofs, climatic zones, technology, rehabilitationAbstractThis study aims to analyse the current situation of green roofs in Spain, and to finddifferences with Europe and the USA, in respect to its development and disclosure.It is a technology with different requirements to the rest of flat roofs, where there are threecomponents that acquire a great importance in their objective of recreating a natural soil:vegetation, media and drainage course. The main difficulties identified in Spain are:- Climatic zones. Spain shows a great variety of climates, some of them very severe,which asks for different solutions. The main consequence is the need of finding themost adequate vegetation, without forgetting the biodiversity objective.- Legislation and Guidelines. There is no mandatory legislation in Spain, and thereis a very short bibliography in Spanish.- Technology. It is necessary to have a deeper knowledge about the construction ofgreen roofs, in order to try to make the most of their potential, optimizing andbuilding them with a guaranty of success.- Administration Support. It is demonstrated that this is a key factor in thedevelopment of green roofs in other countries, such as Germany. In Spain, thereare no important actions being taken in this area.- The actions for the development and research in green roofs should be enhanced,bearing in mind Spain’s individual characteristics, and developed in amultidisciplinary way.The principal benefits and advantages of green roofs are urbane and environmental, and theurban scale is required for objective results. For this reason, some concrete public actions arerecommended, emphasizing the potential for the rehabilitation of “hard” roofs into greenroofs, in the biggest cities.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 133

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 242THE MYTHS AND FACTS OF SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTS. APPLIED METHOD TO BUILDINGDESIGN PROCESSES.Ana Sánchez-Ostiz Gutiérrez, Aurora Monge BarrioDepartamento de Edificación –Edification DepartmentUniversidad de Navarra, España – University of Navarre, Spaine-mail: aostiz@unav.esKey words: sustainability design, environmental features, energy consumption, method of evaluationAbstractThe objective of this paper is to propose a construction method that will provide for thesmallest possible impact in the environment during the structure’s life cycle, always takinginto account the effectiveness of the system adopted.The first step of this method is to identify the most significant environmental impacts toestablish measurements that will help achieve the goals. Then, the results are evaluatedthroughout the construction of the project. Finally, the effectiveness is verified by measuringthe outcome of the implementation in comparison to the objectives set at the beginning of theproject. A methodology cannot be implemented based on its predominance in otherdevelopments, but rather in analyzing the system’s benefits in relation to its surroundings andthe particular characteristics of the project.The method is accompanied with an example of the application to enclosures in an existingbuilding.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 134

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 243FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITHHOUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AMONGCOMMUNITY-LIVING OLDER PEOPLECarla Cachadinha 1 , João Branco Pedro 2&3 , João Carmo Fialho 11 Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal2 Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Portugal3 OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technologye-mail: ccachadinha@netcabo.pt; jpedro@lnec.pt; jfialho@fa.utl.ptKey words: Housing; Functional limitations; Aging; Person-environment fitAbstractThis paper describes the functional limitations due to normal aging that are associated withdifficulties in older peoples’ housing environments.Literature review from occupational therapy, medicine and human kinetics was used to studythe evolution of abilities with aging, the prevalence of functional limitations in old age andthe implications of these limitations in the use of the housing environment. In addition, thefunctional limitations used in instruments for assessing and analysing accessibility problemsin housing and to evaluate housing were analyzed.Ten functional limitations that may arise with aging and have implications in the use of thehousing environment were identified and described. Functional limitations associated withaging are physical, sensory or cognitive impairments. These limitations can be combined toset a specific functional profile of an older person or to establish a generic functional profileof an aging population. Functional profiles can be used to set performance specifications fordesign or to assess housing environments for community-living older people. Profiles can alsobe used to adapt the environment to the specific needs of users.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 135

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 244SUSTINABLE COMFORT IN ENERGY RETROFIT OFEXISTING SPORT BUILDINGSCostanzo Di Perna, Erica Ragni i and Alessandro Stazii Department of Architecture Costrauctions and Structuresi Politecnical University of Marchei e-mail: eri.ragni@libero.itKey words: Retrofit, comfort, indoor air quality, sport building.AbstractIn order to investigate energy consumption and environmental comfort in sport buildings wastaken as a case study the PalaBrasili of Collemarino in Ancona.The study has provided the following activities :Monitoring, both in winter than in summer, the parameters relating to external weather andinternal comfort both in presence and absence of sports activity; Dynamic analysis of the asbuilt to evaluate the calculation model with the results of the measures; Parametric analysis onthe model relating of the envelope (thermal inertia, surface glazing, etc..), facilities and theiroperating profile, etc..37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 136

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 245EXPLORING MICROCLIMATE – BUILDING RELATIONTHROUGH AN EXAMPLE OF IRISH ARCHITECTURALHERITAGESzűcs Á., Olley J.School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil EngineeringUniversity College Dubline-mail: agota.szucs@ucd.ieKey words: microclimate, historic building, bioclimatic aspects, computational simulationAbstractLandscape and building, in an ideal case, form an ensemble and provide a pleasant place tolive for its users. Surrounding landscape affects to a great extent the characteristics of outdoormicroclimate created around the building, and the building also shapes outdoor microclimaticconditions. The subtle interaction between elements of landscape (i.e. water surfaces,vegetation, topographical formations) and design parameters of the building, such asdimension, orientation to sun and wind, shape, distribution and size of openings and buildingmaterials will be explored by the present research through a selected outstanding example ofIrish architectural heritage. Historic buildings represent great cultural value for today'sgeneration. They are accumulations of memories and meanings, teaching us lessons onbuilding design, ambiance, construction, and above all on the way of building integration intothe natural environment. In order to study on one hand englobing bioclimatic aspects into thebuilding and landscape design concepts, and the other hand the complex interaction betweenbuilding and microclimate, prevailing microclimatic conditions around the selected buildingwill be investigated by the means of computational simulation. In the spirit of exploring theevolution of microclimatic conditions from the eighteenth century till nowadays, historicmicroclimate will also be simulated computationally based on data gathered through historicdocument survey. The profound and meticulous microclimatic analysis is indispensable toobtain global understanding on the interrelation between the building and its immediateoutdoor environment, in particular when considering conservation or retrofitting of historicbuildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 137

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 247MERGING INNOVATION WITH TECHNOLOGYON BUILDING ENVELOPE SYSTEMSTO CONTROL ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL FORCESAss. Prof. Nevine Gharib ElSayedDepartment of ArchitectureUniversity of the Alexandriae-mail: nevin_gharib@yahoo.comKey words: Environmental forces, Innovative Materials, Nano materials, smart materials.AbstractEnvironmental forces are the elements or factors that affect the building. Consequently, thebuilding has to be responsive to them in order to control its environmental concept. This paperemphasizes on the impact of using innovative compatible materials in building envelope inorder to control the environmental forces, which their systems need to use innovativecompatible materials. The environmental forces that will be emphasized on them in this paperare those strategies that are related to and dependent on using innovative compatiblematerials. These forces are: Thermal force, and Lighting force. Innovative compatiblematerials can be classified from the technically side to two categories, the first is theconventional environmentally compatible materials and the second is innovativeenvironmentally compatible materials. This paper will address the impact of using InnovativeCompatible Materials that comprise the building envelope, and explore innovative qualities,trends, and characteristics. These Innovative Materials include: the conventionalenvironmentally compatible materials and the innovative environmentally compatiblematerials. This research also will describe only two examples of the innovative materials:smart materials – nano-materials by the description of inputs and outputs of using thesematerials and assessment of its available environmental applications. In this paper twoselected examples for innovative environmentally compatible materials: Smart materials andnano-materials. These examples generally are not environmental but they have some typesand applications that is compatible with environment, and those are the examples which willbe explained widely in this study.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 138

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 248DEVELOPING GHADAMES OLD TOWN: TOWARDS ASUSTAINABLE APPROACHRamadan T. BelgasemDepartment of Architecture & Urban PlanningUniversity of Al Fateh, Tripoli, Libyaramtabelg@yahoo.comKey words: Ghadames, old town, development, LibyaAbstractThis paper presents a development plan for rehabilitating and integrating the old city ofGhadames, Libya. It is based on findings and missions carried out by the author during hiswork as a consultant for UNOPS project LIB/98/003, for the urban rehabilitation ofGhadames Old city between November 1999 and April 2005.The aim of this paper is to propose a sustainable approach for formulating developmentstrategies for urban planning and urban design aspects related to the rehabilitation of the OldCity of Ghadames. A thorough review of the new town planning and the old city morphology,as it has been developed through time, revealed several challenges facing the futuredevelopment of Ghadames city. This paper discusses the planning measures and theintervention necessary to deals with those challenges and to rehabilitate the old city as well asto restore its urban position within Ghadames greater area. A comprehensive planningproposal is considered as the appropriate tool for managing the development andrehabilitation of the old town and its complimentary counterpart; the new city.The proposed plan considers the following five development strategies:• developing major city monuments;• rehabilitating major public squares;• providing zones for housing and tourist investments;• revitalizing axis between the old and new city, and• improving traditional building materials.A recent visit to the city of Ghadames has shown how urban planning and urban designcapacity can improve the quality of life in traditional cities. The city has attracted the attentionof local and national authorities; therefore, a new positive attitude seems to be flourishingamong local community.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 139

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 249SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE: BRAZILIAN WELLSUCCEEDED EXAMPLESIrina Stoica 1 , Maria Cristina Ramos de Carvalho 21 Department of ArchitectureUniversity of Architecture and Urbanism ‘Ion Mincu’, Bucharestirina.stoica87@yahoo.com2 Ph.D., Department of Civil EngineeringFederal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais - CEFET-MG, Brazilcristina.carvalho@civil.cefetmg.brKey words: sustainable architecture, bio-climatic buildings, energy saving buildings, social housingAbstractSustainable buildings in the tropical areas are becoming a major issue today. As a result ofindustrialization, an increase in energy consumption will occur. This report focuses onpresenting basic principles of sustainable design and the way they are implemented in theBrazilian market. As the building sector in the country is booming, most economic quartershave engaged in policies that look for better environmental practices in terms of process andproducts. Considerations include the choice of the site, external arrangements, optimum useof energy, choice of materials, ensuring a long life for buildings, ease of maintenance andstabilisation of building waste among others. Many projects to reduce energy consumption areunder way with quite some success. In order to analyze the bio-climatic principles of creatinga healthy built environment in Brazil, and to outline the fact that sustainability is beginning togain popularity here, case studies on social housing and ambitious projects are taken intoaccount.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 140

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 250THE CONCEPT OF DECONSTRUCTION ON BUILDINGSERVICES OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGEArmando Silva-Afonso 1 , Carlos Russo 21 Universidade de Aveiro/GEOBIOTECCampus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveirosilva.afonso@ua.pt2 Oliveira & Irmão, S.A.Variante da Cidade – Apartado 705 – 3801-851, Aveiro - Portugalcrusso@oli.ptKey words: deconstruction, building services, water supply, drainageAbstractConstruction is one of the sectors that contributes most to environmental degradation. This isdue to careless and excessive consumption of natural resources, with the consequentproduction of waste products. The need to change this pattern has led to a new concept inindustry, the concept of deconstruction.This study thus defines procedures for the deconstruction of building water systems, andsuggests some strategies to increase the number of works that can apply the concept. It alsoincreases the ease of use and presents the main methods of recycling waste generated by thedeconstruction of such systems.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 141

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 251LANDSCAPE URBANISM FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIESVirtudes i . Ana Lídia, Almeida ii . Filipai Department of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureUniversity of Beira Interior, Covilhã - Portugali e-mail: virtudes@ubi.pt; ii e-mail: filipa_almeida1@hotmail.comKey words: landscape urbanism, sustainable city, rehabilitation, old industrial areas, ecologicalstructure of the city, housing.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to rethink the industrial areas in decline for new housing places.The tendency of planning policies to focus on the building structure at the expense ofecological elements has led to the abandoning of several urban areas, such as the oldindustrial areas. This article presents an urban project for Covilhã (in Portugal), centered onthe ecological element of the stream of Carpinteira. The project aims to promote the urbanrehabilitation and the returning of citizens to this forgotten area, by integrating the ecologicalstructure and the old industrial buildings together as landmarks for landscape urbanism.Objectives of this urban rehabilitation project as promoting the integration and enhancementof the building structure / ecological component:• To propose measures of urban design for old industrial buildings and for ecologicalcomponent of the stream in order to promote a balance between these two componentsof the city;• To create a leisure area with a riverside walk in order to promote the integration andenhancement of the stream in the local context and throughout the city;• To create an ecological corridor to ensure the environmental balance of this area byintegrating the ecological structure into the urban system;• To allow the rehabilitation of old industrial buildings and, above all, the buildingsheritage that goes back to an industrial past, present in the collective imagination ofthe citizens, in order to promote new activities in the derelict industrial buildings andnew housing places;In summary, this landscape urbanism proposal aims to qualify and improve the image of thecity.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 142

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 252“CONTAINER ARCHITECTURE” FOR LOW-COST,TEMPORARY AND ENERGYSAVING HOUSING DESIGNC. Masotti, A. FerranteFaculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture and Urban PlanningUniversity of Bologna, Italyclara.masotti@unibo.it; annarita.ferrante@unibo.itKey words: container, low-cost, temporary, energy saving, housing, emergency, re-use, sustainable.AbstractContainers, freighter dedicated components, present high potential as prefab structures to beused in the building sector, with special regards for emergency and temporary housingconstruction.Containers are portable, available in a consistent amount, structurally resistant and durable;furthermore they can be easily placed on the ground without special foundation works.The possible technologies to be applied in the re-use of containers have to be simple andfunctional, especially in case of emergency settlements. In case of temporary use notexclusively associated to emergency conditions, aesthetic, environmental features and lowcost solutions have to be considered as important requirements to be addressed. The paper, bymeans of specific comparison among different use of containers in existing prototypebuildings and new design procedures, outlines the possible structural adaptation to achieve anew housing for a renewed life style, respecting socioeconomic and environmentalsustainability. The different solutions range from very simple houses, with limitedmodifications, to highly complex schemes, with high tech materials and plant for achievingself-sufficiency for stand alone or “off the grid” solutions. The paper also presents a realprototype container’s adaptation, whose progressive construction phases’ analysis showsseveral design components at the technological scale of the building.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 143

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 253ENERGY SURVEYS FOR SUSTAINABLE RETROFIT OFEXISTING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSGiuseppe Desogusi, Luciano Mareddui, Salvatore Muraii, Roberto Ricciuii, Valeria Saiui,Antonello SannaiiDepartment of ArchitectureiiDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Cagliarie-mail: gdesogus@unica.itKey words: existing residential buildings, survey of energy performance, thermal and environmentalmeasurements, sustainable retrofit.AbstractDirective 2002/91/EC made energy certification for buildings compulsory in every EUmember state.To provide valid certification it is fundamental to assess the energy performance of new andexisting buildings. In the latter case, the assessment is necessary also to foresee all possibleretrofit strategies.To carry out a correct survey it is indispensable to measure the performances of opaque andtransparent components of the envelope, consumptions of HVAC services and the evaluationof thermal comfort inside the buildings.For these reasons, the authors have developed a methodology for energy surveys of existingbuildings and experimented it in several test cases for over a year. The methodology includesthe use of instruments such as heat flux meters, IR cameras and microclimatic data loggers.To reach this goal, it was first necessary to adapt international measurement standards toMediterranean climatic conditions (especially for the measures of thermal transmittance).Then a survey method was set up and tested on several existing residential buildings. Thestudy cases were chosen basically from among traditional Sardinian houses made of earthbricks and more recent lowcost housing.The outcome of the research is firstly the proposal of an integrated assessment method forenergy performances of residential buildings, one that includes the use of differentmeasurement instruments, and which is the basis for correct certification. The research is alsothe starting point from which to propose different examples of possible retrofitting strategieson existing buildings, both traditional and modern, and their economic advantages.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 144

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 254PASSIVE DESIGN AND BUILDING RENOVATION IN THEMEDITERRANEAN AREA. NEW SENSITIVE APPROACHFOR SUSTAINABILITYM. Basciu, C. Loggia, V. TramontinDepartment of ArchitectureVia Corte d’Appello n.37University of Cagliarie-mail: mbasciu@unica.it, cloggia@unica.it,vtramontin@unica.itKey words: energy efficiency, passive design, sustainable renovation, Mediterranean climate,sensitive approachAbstractThe criteria of sustainable design have been already received for reducing heating energyconsumption (i.e. Passivhaus standard and first fulfillment of the EPDB Directive).Nowadays, many research are being involved to extend the passive standard to buildings inmild climate areas. Compared to building efficiency in the middle European area, therequirements for sustainable development of construction in the Mediterranean area imply anhigher and more articulated passive control of outside/inside energy flows in order to extendenergy efficiency measures to the whole year. This is based on an intense interaction betweenexternal climatic conditions and the building whole performance, with a dynamic behaviouraccording to climate seasonal changes and inside comfort.Consequently, the integrated design of building fabrics, conceived not as separatedcomponents but as complex organism and system of interaction, increases its potential andstrategic aim for reducing building consumptions of whole year in the mild climate.This paper demonstrates, both in new constructions and in the renovation of existingbuildings, that the whole performance approach is the most suitable for sustainable design in atypical Mediterranean climate in order to increase the efficiency with controlled investments.The aim of this research is to show, through some case studies in Sardinia, that this sensitiveand performance approach could optimize the ratio between economic costs and energy andenvironmental benefits. Only through an integrated and intelligent design of the architecturalorganism it is possible to achieve the new targets for sustainable building development, evenfor mild climate areas, required by European Directive 2002/91/EC.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 145

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 255STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROUTING MATERIALS TO BEUSED IN VERTICAL GEOTHERMAL HEAT EXCHANGERSRoque Borinaga 1 *, Daniel Castro-Fresno 1 , Pablo Pascual-Muñoz 1 , Francisco Ballester Muñoz 11 Department of Transports and Projects and Processes TechnologyUniversity of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.*Corresponding author e-mail: borinagar@unican.esKey words: Geothermal heat exchanger, grout, borehole, heat pump.AbstractGeothermal energy is one of the renewable energies with more potential when applied to theheating and cooling of buildings. This energy is economical, ecological, reliable and easy toextract by using a Heat Pump. This paper presents a new research project focused on thestudy of new grouting materials to fill in Borehole Heat Exchangers. This project is beingdeveloped by the University of Cantabria in collaboration with the construction companyContratas Iglesias S.A. Up to date, previous researches on the thermal properties of thegrouting materials are few. However, improvements on these thermal properties lead to areduction in the total length of the borehole heat exchanger required, thus making the wholeinstallation more convenient. This project aims to evaluate not only the thermal, but also thehydraulic and mechanic properties of different filling materials. First of all, the possibility ofusing cement or lime based mortars will be studied. As aggregates, the use of industrial byproductsand construction and demolition wastes will be probed. In this research line, thepossibility of using a Horizontal Geothermal Heat Pump System to extract the heat stored inpermeable pavements subbases will also be studied. The extraction capacity will depend onthe different aggregates used in the subbase. Finally, the most economical and efficientgrouting materials will be compared in a real installation for heating and cooling a building.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 146

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 256NATURAL STONE IN EXTERNAL COATING WALLS:REQUESTS AND PATHOLOGYLiliana Varatôjo, Paulo Malta da SilveiraDepartamento de Engenharia CivilInstituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboapsilveira@dec.isel.ipl.ptKey words: natural stone, external rendering, pathologyAbstractDespite the most frequently used external coating on walls in Portugal being rendering, thereis an ever-growing tendency to substitute this with other materials, one of which is naturalstone. This material is associated with high quality, durability and low maintenance.However, it is common to find project errors when using this type of external rendering.This paper begins by referring to the Portuguese standards applicable to natural stone slabsused in external wall rendering, namely the required dimensions. The mechanical andphysical requirements the stone must satisfy are then described. Natural stone rendering canbe attached directly to the wall or have metal mountings independent from the wall. Therendering can also be classified as being a seal or merely decorative. There then follows anillustration of the pathology associated to this type of rendering, and finally the causes of anyanomalies are associated to their effects.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 147

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 258BUILDING’S REHABILITATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLEBEHAVIORMendes da Silva, J.A.R. i , Ramos, Ana Ferreira iii Faculty of Science and Technologyi University of Coimbra, Portugali e-mail: raimundo@dec.uc.ptii Superior School of Technologyii Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Portugalii e-mail: ana_ramos@ipcb.ptKey words: Sustainable development, rehabilitation, constructive traditions, sustainable constructionAbstractTo achieve a sustainable building’s behaviour and preserve the environmental balance, threelaws must be taken into account: (i) the resources’ consume must not be faster than the rate atwhich nature can restock them, (ii) the creation of systems that consume maximum energyqualityand (iii) the maximization of the use of renewable and recycled materials. Therefore,the buildings’ rehabilitation process must increase, instead of the proliferation of newbuildings, in order to provide the sustainability of the built environment and minimize itsecological impact. The sustainable rehabilitation process is even more difficult in historicalareas, in general sited in central zones of the urban mesh, with fragile comfort conditions anda rigid structure. In this paper, different evaluation tools for sustainable buildings wereanalysed in order to provide a set of evaluation criteria to be applied in the rehabilitationprocess in historical zones.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 148

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 259SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE: ANALYSIS OF BUILDING’STHERMAL BEHAVIOURAna Ferreira Ramos 1 , J.A.R. Mendes da Silva 21 Superior School of TechnologyPolytechnic Institute of Castelo Brancoana_ramos@ipcb.pt2 Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbraraimundo@dec.uc.ptKey words: sustainable construction, rehabilitation process, thermal behaviour, environmental loadsAbstractThe energy consumption of buildings has presented a steady growth in face of the globalenergy consumption. This fact is related to a variety of factors, including the increaseddemand for comfort by the inhabitants, the low quality of construction of buildings and theirinadequacy to the climatic and environmental context in which they are included. Reversingthis tendency includes the necessary intervention in the built environment, promoting theattainment of comfort through interventions that respect the principles of sustainability inconstruction, namely in resource consumption over the building’s life cycle.Energy rehabilitation can be accomplished by enhancing the envelope’s thermal protectionusing strategies in terms of i) strengthening insulation in the opaque envelope; ii)strengthening insulation of the glazing and iii) control of solar gains. The use of passive solarsystems and the improvement of energy systems are other approaches for improving thethermal performance of dwellings.This study examines the constructive characteristics and the pathologies found inapproximately 700 buildings located in Coimbra’s downtown (“Baixa”), the historic sector ofthe city. From this analysis it was possible to assess the present-day performance of thesebuildings, attending to the existing code and the application of DesignBuilder software, and todefine the desired levels of performance resulting from rehabilitation procedures. Thedefinition of these levels allows the superintendence of the process of intervention, taking intoaccount the solutions to adopt with regard to the principles of sustainability.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 149

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 260NEAR CONSTANT, YEAR-ROUND SOLAR HOT WATERPRODUCTION A NEW PARADIGM FOR SOLAR THERMAL?Mário João das Neves FloresUniversidade de Évorae-mail: mjflores@sapo.ptKey words: solar thermal, conceptual design, hot waterAbstractWithin the possible applications of solar thermal, domestic hot water is undoubtedly the most widelyused and requires a very steady heating load demand, every month of the year [1].As the dominant solar thermal conceptual design for domestic hot water production relies on installingsingle panels or arrays of solar panels with a single [1][2][3][4] fixed slope angle, the result is anuneven solar hot water production throughout the year.This solution will also require a high-output conventional backup (and investment) to guarantee aworking hot water system during winter months. And the addition of more panels will not solve theproblem. It will lead to an uneconomical or an oversized system [1].The solar fraction attainable by a solar domestic hot water system is a function of [1] the solar panelstechnical characteristics (FRUL and FRτα), the required hot water temperature, the mains supply watertemperature, the ambient temperature and the incident irradiation.Knowing the panel technical characteristics, the required hot water temperature, the mains supplywater temperature and the monthly average ambient temperature, if we could “choose” the solaraverage monthly irradiation, we would have a solar system able to provide all of the hot waterdomestic needs.Although there is only one way to set a single fixed angle panel, there are multiple ways of settinggroups of individual panels each with a different fixed angle. In fact, if we consider only integer91angles from 0º to 90º we will have as many as CRk ways, being k the number of panels in the array.As we have different incident solar irradiance for different fixed angles, different combinations offixed angles for a given group of panels will be subject to different amounts of incident solarirradiance, function of the angles that we choose for each of the different panels of the array.If we consider that the incident irradiance in an array of panels with different fixed angles will be thelinear composition of the incident irradiance in each fixed angle panel, we can “design” the incidentirradiance for the whole array, in a way that it would match the required irradiance for the systemcharacteristics (FRUL, FRτα, required hot water temperature, mains supply water temperature, andambient temperature) and for the calculated heating loads.The present paper shows that it is possible to design (within a natural restriction, as the maximum andminimum attainable incident solar irradiance at a given location sets the boundaries for any desiredoutput) and within a reasonable range, a desired monthly solar incident irradiance profile for an arrayof panels.The solar thermal design here suggested, while aiming to provide a constant solar hot waterproduction, not only points directions to increased solar thermal competitiveness, but also revealsunsuspected advantages that can increase both the useful area available in buildings for solar panelinstallation and ease the acceptance of solar thermal within architects and building designer teams.This paper presents, as well, a mathematical methodology to determine individual solar panels anglesrequired by the proposed design.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 150

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 262THE SUSTAINABLE REHABILITATION OF THE BAIXAPOMBALINA, AT LISBON, PORTUGAL.Author: Bachmann, Maria da GraçaDepartment of Technology of Architecture, Urban Planning and Design.Faculty of Architecture Technical University of Lisbon, Portugale-mail: g.bachmann@netcabo.ptKey words: <strong>World</strong> Heritage, Sustainability, Urban Rehabilitation, Ecosystem, Renewable Energies.AbstractThe subject of this paper concerns the urban project of Baixa Pombalina, in the city of Lisbon,in the specific domain of a sustainable urban rehabilitation. Baixa Pombalina is an Unesco<strong>World</strong> Heritage Site. Currently it is important to note that in Lisbon about 60% of the grantedbuilding licenses are for rehabilitation works. The town council of Lisbon is investing inurban rehabilitation policies to attract young residents and revitalize the traditional historicneighbourhood. A Sustainable Urban Rehabilitation is vital for the betterment of the citizen’squality of life.The final objective of this paper is to add the present paradigm of Sustainability to an UrbanPlan applied to a historic neighbourhood. The Plan for the Requalification and Rehabilitationof Baixa Pombalina, at an urban level should follow a sustainable concept appropriate to therenovation of the all old infrastructures, and adequate them to the revitalization of functionaluses, to the restructured accessibilities, to the public spaces, and to the social, economic andenvironmental regeneration of the intervention area.Other aspects shall be developed along the paper, like the problematic of the replacement ofsome roads by pedestrian sidewalk with green areas and the planting of trees such as olivetrees, pines, cypresses, acacias and other species - with the ability to optimize the shadingenvironment by making cooler or warmer spaces depending on the season, to absorb thetraffic noise coming from the streets, and also to improve the quality of the polluted air.Considering the Program of this <strong>Congress</strong>, I do think that the present paper would beappropriated on the VI Theme- The urban planning and the city / Planning of thesustainability.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 151

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 264METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ITALIAN ENERGYCERTIFICATIONAnnita Corbosiero (*), Flavia Fascia (**)Department of Urban and Regional Planning – www.dipist.unina.itUniversity of Study of Naples Federico II – Faculty of Engineering* Phd Student, e-mail: annita.corbosiero@unina.it** Associate Professor, e-mail: fascia@unina.itAbstractIssues regarding the containment of energy consumption in buildings have made theirappearance into Italy since the early nineties. Subsequently, cultural discussions on thissubject and the needs for legislation on energy saving have said the aim of responding to thecontainment of emissions and consumption established by the Kyoto Protocol. The currentregulatory framework, with the Ministerial Decree June 26, 2009, provides guidelines for thecertification while leaving the task to legislate on energy to different regions.Through the use of a software you can calculate the consumption of primary energy,ofsupplied energy and net energy of a single building that is based on the application of UNITS-11300 / 1 and UNI TS-11300 / 2 . These three parameters are needed to quantify theconsumption of resources non-renewable walls of the system / equipment in relation to itsneeds. In addition, the calculation of heat losses of the components of the outer casing canhelp us understand which of these factors on particular action works so as to be within thelimits imposed by law. The object of this study is to identify on which of these factors we canwork to reduce heat loss, to improve comfort thermohygrometric of environments and reduceemissions of CO 2 into the atmosphere.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 152

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 268THE POSSIBILITIES OF WOOD IN SUSTAINABLERENOVATION OF MULTI-STOREY HOUSINGD.Sc (Tech.) A. Soikkeli, D.Sc (Tech.) M. Karjalainen and Professor J. Koiso-KanttilaDepartment of ArchitectureUniversity of Oulu, Finlande-mail: anu.soikkeli@oulu.fiKey words: wood, multi-storey housing, renovationAbstractThe last 50 years of Finnish apartment building have been dominated by the construction ofmulti-storey buildings by the use of prefabricated concrete elements. Wood would beexcellently suited for facade and roof repairs both technologically and economically as well asaesthetically. New wooden facades would be an option for repairing damaged concretefacades; the renovation could be done by using prefabricated wooden elements. Concerningbalcony and conservatory solutions, it is possible to hang lightweight balcony systems eitherstraight on the concrete frame or propped on light foundations of their own. With roofstructures, changes in roof shape and especially with the construction of additional storeys,wood would be a practical building material due to its lightness. The speed of woodconstructing is a specific advantage, making the disruption of repairs limited to a short periodof time.The project is about searching and visualizing high-quality wood-based solutions for thoroughrenovations and refurbishments of typical suburban multi-storey buildings. Five typical multistoreybuilding neighbourhoods, made of concrete and built in the 1960s and 70s and alreadydue for refurbishment, have been selected to design ideation. Of these objects, outlines formaster’s theses will be composed in architecture degree universities and faculties oftechnology. The theses will include ideas and visualizations on repairing suburban multistoreyconcrete buildings: renewal of facades taking energy conservation into account,renovation of balconies, building an elevator and possible lightweight additional storey(s) tofinance the elevator. The project also discusses areal unification and densification byadditional and supplementary building.Carbon balance analysis reveals the favourable environmental properties of wood. Afavourable impact on the climate is achieved with renovation that results in a low primaryenergy need, using materials and methods that produce minimal carbon dioxide emissions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 153

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 269THE EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCEINDICATORSMaria Francisca Sampaio, Jorge Moreira da CostaDepartment of Civil EngineeringFEUP - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugale-mail: francisca.msampaio@gmail.com, jmfcosta@fe.up.ptKeywords: Dwelling, Performance Indicator, Sustainability, Assessment Method, Embodied Energy.AbstractThe sustainability concept has been progressively recognized as an important pillar in theconstruction industry. This yields from the intense efforts already undertaken by somecountries on the creation of tools capable of its incorporation in the current approaches fordesign decisions. In this paper a first approach for the integration of some of these aspects in aDesign Quality Assessment Method for housing buildings developed at FEUP will bepresented. The proposed classification reviews two of the stages of the materials life cycle –the mining and the production ones - where a comparison is performed among the diverseconstruction materials in terms of their embodied energy, following the establishedorganization matrix for the assessment method. This work aims to provide procedures thatallow a more careful choice of the materials, taking in consideration the needs of theupcoming generations.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 154

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 270THE EDUCATION OF ARCHITECTS TO DESIGN ENERGYEFFICIENT BUILDINGSHeitor da Costa Silva 1 . Eugenia Aumond Kuhn 2 , Waldo Costa Neto 3Department of ArchitectureUniversity of the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil1 e-mail: heitordcs@gmail.com2 e-mail: eugenia.kuhn@ufrgs.br3 e-mail: waldooo@gmail.comKey words: design education, energy effiency, building regulationsAbstractThis work explores the architectonic form and the way of energy saving considering adequateproportion of the window area to the building envelope. It also discusses the the correctdisposition of the building aspects in relation to solar geometry. The paper is a summary of ongoing academic investigation on pedagogic methods to better understand the role of solargeometry and its influence on building form in the early stages of the design process. Therecent Brazilian certification norm for energy-efficient buildings presents one analysis whichconsiders three main targets; the build envelope, the lighting and HVCA systems electricenergyconsumption. Newly introduced regulations will demand professionals prepared forthose analyses. In order to prepare a solid ground for achitects education a pedagogic exerciseis developed to show the building geometry and solar access assessment and the certificationmethod is focused on the envelope performance. The pedagogic investigation is focused onmeans to approach the architectural skills to develop a form which attends the energy savingsthrough correct fenestration area and to produce a bioclimatic design at same time introducesthe criteria of energy-efficiency based on the new certification method.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 155

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 273CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TROMBE WALL AND ITSAPPLICATION IN PORTUGALMartins, A., Briga-Sá, A., Paiva, A.Department of EngineeringSchool of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)e-mail: analisa.cm@hotmail.com, anas@utad.pt, apaiva@utad.ptKey words: energy consumption, passive solar systems, trombe wall.AbstractThe Trombe Wall is a passive solar heating system of indirect gain. It consists essentially on aglass in the outside, an air-box and a wall accumulator element, painted black. This systemserves as a free heater in winter, because it has the ability to accumulate the heat from the sunduring the day and transmit the heat accumulated to the interior spaces during the night.E. L. Morse was the first person to define the Trombe Wall concept in 1881, inMassachussets. This concept was developed in 1957, by Félix Trombe and Jacques Michelthat they built the first house using the Trombe Wall, in 1967, in Odeillo, France.Over the years, various studies have been conducted with the aim of improving performanceof the classical Trombe Wall, emerging news concepts of Trombe Walls, with differentcharacteristics and materials, such as the Composite Trombe-Michel Wall, Photovoltaic (PV)Trombe Wall and Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Trombe Wall.In Portugal, the Trombe Wall has no significant use and there is lack of information about itsthermal performance and its construction.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 156

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 274BUILDING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM INITALY AND SLOVAKIA1A. Frattari, 2 E. Krídlová Burdová, 3 S. Vilčeková1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Trento, Italye-mail: antonio.frattari@unitn.it2 Department of Indoor Engineering and Building Services, Institute of Building and EnvironmentalEngineering, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakiae-mail: eva.kridlova.burdova@tuke.sk; silvia.vilcekova@tuke.skKey words: building, environmental assessment, method, system, Slovakia, ItalyAbstractSince previous instances the requirements of environmental safety, suitability andresponsibility of buildings have been increased. The criteria of sustainability are included inbuilding environmental assessment systems used in different countries for evaluating theirsustainable and environmental performance. The aim of building environmental assessment isa sustainable building design.The new Slovak building environmental assessment system (BEAS) was developed. The baseof system development is mainly SBTool. The proposed indicators respect Slovak standardsand rules. The proposed fields of building environmental assessment system applicable inSlovak conditions are: building site and project planning, building constructions, indoorenvironment, energy performance, water management and waste management.In Italy and in particular in Trentino Alto Adige region it has been proposed, as buildingenvironmental assessment, the LEED (Leadership in Engineering and Environmental Design)developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC). It was founded the Italian GreenBuilding Council (GBC Italy) and the University of Trento, in 2008, made the transposition inItalian language of the LEED version “new construction 2.2” (LEED nc 2.2) replacing theAmerican standard with the Italian and European standard and the MKS metric system, bathrespecting the philosophy of the LEED credits. At moment 20 buildings in Italy are underLEED nc2.2 certification in English language and they will be certificated from USGBC andtwo of them are case study under the supervision of the Civil and Environmental EngineeringDepartment. From April 2010 will be possible to certificate in Italian language using theItalian LEED 2009 and the certification will be issue from GBC Italy.The paper relates the methodology developed from the University of Trento and TechnicalUniversity of Kosice. In the future the research focus of boot University will be on thebuilding environmental assessment systems for the existing building.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 157

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 275FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRY TO CULTURAL INDUSTRY:BURSA/TURKEY AS A CASER. Beceren Ozturk, A. Ispalar Çahantimur 1Department of ArchitectureUludag University, Turkey1Corresponding authore-mail: arzucahan@yahoo.comKey words: Industrial heritage, sustainable brownfield regeneration, culture-led approach,refurbishment of industrial buildingsAbstractThis paper examines the urban regeneration process in one of Turkey’s earliest industrializedcities, Bursa, based on the regeneration of old inner-city industrialized sites. The aim is to putstress on the importance and necessity of regeneration and refurbishment for sustainabledevelopment of cities. As indicated in the Aalborg Commitments (2004), the strategic role ofurban planning and design in addressing environmental, social, economic, health and culturalissues for the benefit of all inhabitants is of great importance. Especially, re-using andregenerating derelict or disadvantaged areas and avoiding urban sprawl by achievingappropriate urban densities and prioritising brownfield site over greenfield site developmentshould be stressed on. In the light of these, the refurbishment process of the old inner-cityindustrial buildings in Bursa is analyzed according to the sustainability objectives to be met inbrownfield developments. The aim is to investigate the potential of these brownfieldregeneration cases to achieve sustainable urban development. On the other hand, theimportance of “culture-led” approaches to get more benefit from these industrial heritageareas- such as job creation, attraction of inward investment, enhancement of quality of life forresidents and attraction of tourists- is discussed. The conclusions suggest that localexperiences in the re-use of old industrial buildings and sites provide essential input value todevelop policies for sustainable urban development. Policy initiatives could be drawn anddeployed to encourage more sustainable outcomes, to add a new and vital dimension toindustrial heritage management.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 158

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 277“METHODOLOGY TO MEASURE SUSTAINABILITY IN THELIFE CYCLE OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS”Ramón Losada 1; Eduardo Rojí 2; Jesús Cuadrado 3; Marcos Larrauri 41, 2, 3, 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of the Basque Country.e-mail: ramon.losada@ehu.es, eduardo.roji@ehu.esKey words: Sustainability, requirement, criteria, indicators, industrial buildings.Abstract:The growing importance today of establishing a policy orientated towards minimizing thedegradation of our environment of any kind of action, brings to building the need to carry outsustainability studies which accompany these new developments.Development of new economic activities generally leads to the materialization of thecorresponding buildings, which occasionally may mean an important deterioration in theenvironment where it is settled if the necessary measures are not taken. This articleestablishes the analysis bases for sustainability optimization of industrial buildings in eachstage of their life cycle.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 159

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 278ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT ON THE EXAMPLEOF MODERN MOVEMENT BUILDINGSI. Muraj, Z. Versic, and D. MandicFaculty of ArchitectureUniversity of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatiae-mail: iva.muraj@arhitekt.hrKey words: modern architecture, preservation, renovation, building physics, construction loss, andenergy balanceAbstractBuildings from the modern era require a comprehensive study of the interaction betweenarchitecture, function, structure and building climate prior to renovation. The energy index ofexisting houses is much higher in comparison to today’s standard for new houses. Seventyyears after they were built, it is unavoidable that many building components and interiorfittings are worn out. Better energy efficiency can be achieved only by physical change to thebuilding fabric, so the main goal of this research was to investigate how to improve energyefficiency in a way that it does not harm the special interest of historic buildings or increasethe risk of long-term deterioration to existing fabric.Retaining existing elements of construction in historic buildings and seeking to enhance theirthermal performance in benign ways is a heritage conservation principle in line with theconcept of sustainability. Conditions and requirements in terms of building physics andclimate present new challenges in the practice of heritage conservation. This research showsthat with the appropriate renovation measures the energy requirement of existing houses canbe brought up to today’s standard for newly built houses. Differences in applying renovationmeasures result from the level of building conservation.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 160

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 279SUSTAINABLE BUILDING ON THE EXAMPLE OF STATE-SUBSIDIZED RESIDENTIAL HOUSING IN CROATIAJ. Bertol-Vrcek, Lj. Biondic, and I. MurajFaculty of ArchitectureUniversity of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatiae-mail: iva.muraj@arhitekt.hrKey words: sustainable building, state-subsidized residential housing constructionAbstractIn 2001 the Law on state-subsidized residential housing took effect in the Republic of Croatia.The main goal of this Law was solving housing issues for citizens with average financialabilities, the improvement of life quality and economical development in the field of buildingconstruction. This model housing construction was conducted according to the Program forstate-subsidized residential housing. Thereafter, such housing constructions were built and arestill under construction throughout Croatia. This article deals with the information aboutcurrent realization of the subsidized housing construction in Croatia and the results of theresearch study on the example of the Spansko-Oranice housing estate in Zagreb. Housingstandards of flats and housing estates, building typology, structure, materials, building qualityand energy efficiency were analysed and are presented. This paper analyses the results of thesurvey carried out among the interviewed tenants. The aim of this paper is insight intoimplementation of this program and guidelines of contemporary housing and finding out thecorrelation between favourable market conditions, building quality, achieved housingstandard, sustainability and users satisfaction.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 161

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 280A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE GREEN BUILDINGASSESSMENT SYSTEMS BETWEEN U.S. AND CHINAQian SHI, Chao XIAO, Xi GAOSchool of Economics and Management,Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R.China,qianshi@mail.tongji.edu.cnKeywords: Green Building, Sustainable Construction, Evaluation Standard, Assessment system.AbstractWith the development of science and technology, human society has created unprecedentedmaterial and spiritual civilization. On the other hand, it has also caused serious pollution tothe natural environment and irreversible damages to the ecological resources. The buildingactivity is one of the most influential activities. Therefore, as all the world is promoting andimplementing a transition from the traditional resource-based development model to asustainable development model, the introduction of the concept of sustainable developmentinto the field of housing construction and the formation of the concept of green building willbecome the dominant trend in the future. Green Building Evaluation System is an effectivetool for the promotion of Green Building. Therefore, researchers all over the world havedeveloped a couple of appropriate evaluation standards, such as LEED of the United States,BREEAM of Britain, LNB of German, CASBEE of Japan, jointly developed SBTool and soforth. The milestones of the development of green building evaluation system in MainlandChina are the Olympic Green Building Rating System which is established in 2002 and theEvaluation standard of Green Building (ESGB, GB/T50378-2006) issued in 2006. In view ofthe geographical location and characteristics, China and the United States are quite similar.Therefore, the comparison between the Green Building Evaluation Systems of these twocountries based on the combination of two countries’ economic situation, resource utilization,and other differences, can help us to play up strengths and avoid weakness. Meanwhile, thiscomparison can make us have a new awareness and targeted improvements to China’s GreenBuilding Evaluation System as well.This thesis, from the perspective of housing construction, focused on the comparative analysisof the United States LEED and China’s Green Building Assessment Standard according totheir evaluating indicators, evaluating mechanisms and evaluating method. In addition,the authors also put forward some improvement suggestion for further study in order tofacilitate its application in the housing construction industry.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 162

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 281ENERGY EFFICIENCY-BASED FULL REFURBISHMENT OFLIFTS IN EXISTING BUILDINGSJosé Alberto Roig 1 , Pedro González 2 , Ana María Lorente 31,2 Dirección Técnica Ascensor Completo1,2 MP Lifts, Spain1 e-mail: jar@mpcorporacion,com ; 2 e-mail: pgc@mpcorporacion.com3 Department of Product Mechatronic Design3 Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón, Spain3 e-mail: alorente@ita.esKey words: Lift (Elevator), Energy Efficiency, Ecodesign, Environment Protection, Life CycleAssessment (LCA), Environmental Impact, New Technologies, Full RefurbishmentAbstractThe Lift (Elevator) is the main means of transport inside our current city buildings. In residentialenvironment the lift presence is totally necessary in order to accomplish with accessibility regulationsfor disabled people. This means that not only the amount of worldwide existing lifts but also thenumber of yearly manufactured units must be taken in consideration. On the other hand, the liftoperation represents a substantial percentage of the energy consumption in a building. Neverthelessthe opportunities for increasing Energy Efficiency in lifts, especially in existing ones, are enormous.The European Union is currently ruling with focus on Ecodesign and Environmental Protection bymeans of the Directive 2009/125/EC, applied to energy-related products, that supports the introductionof product Life Cycle Assessment to value their Ecological Profile. The application of LCAmethodologies to the lift proves that the biggest Environmental Impact concerns to the use-phase. Thisfact points directly to the improvement of energy efficiency. In new installation lifts this objective hasalready been achieved through exhaustive use of brand new traction technologies, new materials forfriction reduction and control systems upgrading. However this is not the same for existing lifts wherethese improvements are being very slowly and partially introduced.This paper proposes a set of measures to undertake the Full Refurbishment of lifts in existing buildingswith the main aim of improving the whole energy efficiency of the building. These measures can beadopted in different progressive phases or stages:1. Selection and development of the most efficient lift arrangement2. Use of new materials (high performance, recyclability, high strength-weight ratio)3. Application of New Technologies (traction and lighting)4. Substantial reduction of stand-by energy consumption5. Use of electric energy recovering systems in cases where lift motor works as generatorFinally on-site verified results of the respective energy savings are presented.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 163

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 282EVOLUTION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF IN-SITUCONCRETE FLAT SLABS IN OFFICE BUILDINGSLiébana, O. 1 ; G. Pulido 1 , MD; Gómez Hermoso J. 21University of San Pablo CEU (Madrid), 2 University Politécnica de Madrid1 e-mail: oliebana@ceu.es,Key words: in-situ concrete, sustainability, flat slab, minimum reinforcing ratios, CO 2 emissionAbstractIn the current office building construction practice, flat plate is the most common floorstructural system due to its economic and practical advantages. Traditionally, high materialcosts have had a great impact on total construction cost, so voided options as ribbed or waffleslab have been used extensively. However, recently there is a tendency to design solid slabsoptions, especially due to rising labor costs, simpler and quicker construction, which reducesexecution timeframe and increases construction safety.The use of post-tensioned (PT) floors in building structures has been growing in recent years.This type of construction allows thinner slabs and thus, it creates lighter structures, produces alarge reduction in rebar tonnage, with the subsequent advantages in transportation, storage orlabor. Also, these slabs have other advantages as reduced cracking and deflections, reducedfloor to floor height or quick construction. In most countries these design mechanical andeconomical features have enabled the system to compete economically with traditional in-situconcrete floor slabs; however, this is not the case in some other countries like Spain.Introduction of sustainability criteria and specialization in construction can allow for thissystem to be introduced in the market, which can also mean lower costs, improvedperformance and focusing on sustainability in construction.Different solutions have been studied for an actual project, in terms of material quantities,minimum structural thickness and it has also been checked the impact of costs andenvironmental criteria based on CO 2 emission. With these data, we could assess that thecurrent status of low production of flat slabs in Spain it is not related to real economicreasons; it is actually related to a combination of reasons as lack of technical knowledge ofdesigners or builders, inconsistencies or deficiencies in current national codes in each country.The construction industry is following an inertial period that resists changing known systems,apparently satisfactory, and that especially shows an unsustainable view of the construction.Post-tensioned concrete slabs will not always be the most suitable and sustainable option, butit should be evaluated while considering other more familiar techniques of construction withupdated considerations.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 164

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 283CONSERVATION OF MULTI ETNIC SETTLEMENT INMAKASSAR, AN APPROACH OF SUSTAINABLE CITYKhilda Wildana Nurii Department of Architecturei Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS) Surabayaie-mail: khidnest_713@yahoo.comKey words: conservation, sustainable, multi ethnic settlement, Makassar.AbstractThere are various heritage sites as impact of society development in urban areas. The urbangrowth improved daily life and seemed never started rethinking mankind and artifact from thepast. This paper will reveal one of the most emblematic urban artifacts such as multi ethnicsettlement that still existed in degradation value. It argues that urban development andconservation is a approach method for sustain human being and their life. The object of studyis Makassar that representing middle city in Indonesia. Makassar multi ethnic settlement havepotential value to be conserved, despite its unique condition of development, raised generalissue in urban heritage, culture exploration, architectural edge and public participation. Thisapproach method may be expected to take a role in sustainable city, bridging authenticevident of artifact in the past and the future.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 165

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 284SOCIAL HOUSING AND PUBLIC SPACE. A LABORATORYFOR URBAN RENEWAL.Stefania MarlettaDipartimento di Architettura e UrbanisticaUniversità degli Studi di Catania, Italiae-mail: smarlett@dau.unict.itKey words: social housing, public space, urban renewal, environmental sustainability, architecture.AbstractThe social and political changes manifested in Europe over the few last years have determinedan inversion of tendency in the way cities in many countries have grown.Processes of saturation and transformations of towns – including the energy emergency –have forced our society to revalue existing buildings as a resource for investment. ManyWestern towns are dimensionally saturated and by designing the re-use and rehabilitation ofexisting resources we can envisage their evolution.A great many contemporary urban areas contain a significant proportion of social housingwith which there are numerous problems regarding social marginalisation and urbandegradation.This situation is common to many Italian towns, especially in the South of Italy, and is thesubject of this study.The themes of social housing and the design of public space are central to the debate oncontemporary town planning and the imposition of new issues concerning the following:relation to the context and the people; new practices and social instances; the evolution oflifestyles; and energy and environmental issues.Taking these considerations as a starting point we have paved a path of observations,proposing new points of view and design approaches with a view to improving the quality ofheritage of housing, services and space to produce an urban regeneration.Two interpretative perspectives have oriented this research project. The first regards the rolethat public space can play in activating an urban regeneration involving a large number ofcontemporary cities. The second perspective concerns the idea that the project/process ofurban renewal can improve on both material and immaterial aspects [1]. The urban design ofpublic spaces and their relations with social housing, has been an important area of research inthis case study and project dealing with a small Sicilian town. Using the findings of these casestudies we have developed several strategies for urban planning.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 166

TOPIC III – SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OFHOUSING PROJECTS.TOPIC IIISOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OFHOUSING PROJECTS• SOCIAL BUILDINGS.• FINANCING SYSTEMS.• PARTICIPATION OF USERS.• SUPPLY OF HOUSES.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 167

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 301PARTICIPATION OF USERS IN TRADITIONAL ANDMODERN TURKISH SETTLEMENTSDr. Rana Karasozen, Dr. Guler KocaDepartment of ArchitectureAnadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkeye-mail: rkarasozen@anadolu.edu.tr, gkoca@anadolu.edu.trKey words: Traditional Turkish settlements, modern Turkish settlements, participation of users, civilorganizations.AbstractWhen the development level of a city is determined, its residents’ level of participation andsupport to social organizations, especially the voluntarily participation to civil organizations,are taken into account, as well as, their level of utilization from city services. It is beneficial toorganize civil groups who are sensitive to urban and environmental issues. In traditionalTurkish settlements, it can be talked about the existence of such an organization as a naturalprocess in social organizations including moral and humanistic values. The feeling ofbelonging had raised the environmental quality both physically and socially. Respect to thenature and human was the main principle of these settlements. Such organizations hasdisplaced with the written rules and official or civil organizations in modern urbansettlements. In these organizations, participation of the users to urban planning decisions isnot directly, but indirectly. As people who live in modern settlements do not participate to theplanning and building process, they have not felt themselves belong to the place. Theenvironmental quality and respect to the nature and human have been lessened in thesemodern settlements.This paper will focus on the participation of users on planning and building housingenvironments in traditional and modern Turkish settlements and the comparison of them withtheir positive and negative results with the examples given.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 168

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 302COMPARISON OF OLD AND NEW NEIGHBORHOODS INISTANBULNeslihan Aydin Yonet 1 , Funda Yirmibesoglu 2 , Hilal Narin 3Department of Architecture and Design 1 , Department of Urban and Regional Planning 2Bahcesehir University 1 , Istanbul Technical University 2e-mail: 1 naydin@bahcesehir.edu.tr, 2 funday@itu.edu.trKey words: housing, neighborhood, old, new, comparisonAbstractPlanning and real estate development processes are two factors which support each other andshould always be considered together. It is important to develop integrated planningapproaches which protect the natural, historical and cultural structures of cities. A rapidspatial differentiation has been observed, especially in big cities in Turkey, after the 2000’smigration from the rural to the city, together with a rapid increase in urban population and awide-spread inclination to settle in urban land without sufficient planning or infrastructures.The purpose of the paper is to analyze; changes in housing market in Istanbul, evaluate thesocial, cultural, economical situation and the planning processes of historical and newneighborhood housing area. In the research, the chosen historical neighborhood, Arnavutkoy,which is in the Besiktas district on the European side, became an important sub-centerfollowing the development of settlements on the Bosporus. New neighborhood housing areasin Pendik, Kurtkoy on the Asian side develops around the city and becomes more denselypopulated because of migration from rural areas of the city.The study provides an insight into the housing market and characteristics of old and newneighborhoods in Istanbul, the results and proposals of which, will be presented.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 169

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 304INCREMENTAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT 2010;LOWERING THE COST, LOWERING-NOT THESTANDARDS - A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.Prof. Dr. Nasamat Abdel-Kader, Prof. Dr. Sayed EttouneyDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering,Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.e-mail: nasamat@hotmail.com, smettouney@hotmail.com.Key words: development stages, development phases, cost phasing, professionals roles, users’ roles.AbstractThe serious-most challenges of low cost housing were and still are: lowering the developmentcost without compromising provision standards and the quality of living in housing projects.They continue to top the list of research interests of scholars and institutions (academic andcivic), both in the developed and developing countries and settings.Two general conceptions/approaches are still prominent in addressing the said challenges inlow cost developments, namely:- Provision of “affordable” completed low cost dwellings and settings with lower (aslow as it can get) standards hence cheaper elements, components, details and finishes.- Provision of “incrementally” developed housing projects, i.e. phasing the developmentcost over an extended period (spanning the life and operation of the dwelling), thusmeeting the “initial” cost limitations at the initial phase without denying the users theirrights to expand and upgrade the standards of their dwellings in later phases(according to needs and affordability).The present paper critically reviews the two approaches to low cost housing, together withunderlying conceptions; highlighting valid and current regional and international researchcontributions. A design and decision making tool/frame-work is then put-forward to enablethe involved actors (designers, developers and authorities included) to recognize and comparethe merits and drawbacks of possible “scenarios” of action, in low cost housingdevelopments.The discourse comprises five closely related segments, in the following sequence:- On the challenge of low cost housing; an introduction.- Related thoughts, conceptions and approaches - a critical review.- A design and decision making tool in low cost housing development.- Application and evaluation of the proposed tool.- In praise of incremental low cost housing development - Epilogue.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 170

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 305INTERPRETING THE CHANGING ARCHITECTURALVALUES OF HOUSING IN NORTH CYPRUSZ. i . Birsel i , A. i . Celiker, and D. Celik Bay ii Department of Interior Architecturei Cyprus International Universityi e-mail: zbirsel@ciu.edu.tr; aceliker@ciu.edu.tr; didemc@ciu.edu.trKey words: housing development, culture, user satisfaction, transformation, North CyprusAbstractIn the changing world, rapid housing developments create several problems in the manner ofsustaining the architectural, social, cultural, economic and environmental qualities. This factis valid for the recent housing developments in North Cyprus as well. The current situation ofmass housing including cooperative houses is extremely questionable, in the island, in termsof the abovementioned principles. In this respect, user needs and requirements is important inshaping these housing environments, especially when the lifestyles are varying.Understandingthe expectations of the user is also in the scope of this study in order to achieve successfullivable housing developments. Within this perspective, it will be interpreted how changinglifestyles of the users affect the functional needs and consecutively a change in the form of theexisting house units. The needs that have been in continuous change therefore have broughta transformation of the existing planned and designed housing developments. This study aimsat providing an overview of a Cooperative Housing example in North Cyprus. The case studywill be analyzed in terms of the factors listed above to show how change has occurred insocial and physical environment. In this regards, the study will cover observations of recentchanges in the housing development.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 171

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 307CORE HOUSING PROVISION FOR LOW-INCOME PUBLICSERVANTS IN NIGERIA USING STABILISED EARTHBRICKSA. A. Taiwo and O. ArayelaDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.e-mail: abraham_taiwo@yahoo.comKey Words: Core Housing, Stabilised Earth, Bricks, Public Servants.AbstractThe high cost of building materials in Nigeria has encouraged the low and middle incomeearners to look for alternative sources of building materials locally. This study looks at the useof stabilised earth bricks in the provision of core housing for low-income public servants inNigeria. A comparative analysis on the use of sandcrete blocks and stabilised earth bricks forthe construction of a proposed core housing unit was carried out and the result showed 35.9%reduction in construction cost. It was noted that the stabilised earth bricks can be used invarious parts of a building depending on the percentage of cement added to the earth tostabilise the bricks. Recommendations were then made as to how the stabilised earth brickscan be used to meet the housing needs of the low-income public servants.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 172

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 310TRADITIONAL KAYSERI HOUSES IN THE CONTEXT OFSPACE SYNTAX AND VISIBILITY GRAPH ANALYSESÖzlem ATAK, Gülen ÇAĞDAŞDepartment of Architectural Design ComputingIstanbul Technical University, Turkeye-mail: ozlemm_atak@hotmail.com, cagdas@itu.edu.ttKey words: Traditional Kayseri Houses, Space Syntax, Visibility Graph Analyses, Depthmap.AbstractRecent studies on domestic spaces have demonstrated that social meaning and cultural valuesare mostly reflected by means of spatial organizations of houses, thus, in that way, differentcultures express themselves through different spatial models. In this respect, space syntax andvisibility graph analyses arise as the methods to discover the interactions between space andculture. These methods have essentially been constructed through the relationships ofpermeability based on movement and visibility based on the perception of a moving observer.In this study, domestic space was examined through 30 traditional houses in the city center ofKayseri, where people from different religious beliefs have lived for long years, within thecontexts of space syntax and visibility graph analyses. The houses were analyzed by using theDepthmap software developed by Alasdair Turner (UCL). The permeability analysesconducted clearly demonstrated the presence of a shared spatial theme. However, drawingconclusions about the spatial configurations of houses on the basis of only the permeabilityrelations will be inadequate. Therefore, it is important to reveal the houses' visibilitystructures. Revealing the houses' visibility structures have demonstrated that the spatial andvisual integration rankings of the houses do not support each other, however, spatially andvisually integrated spaces overlap with each other. The study, after permeability and visibilityanalyses, focuses on how religious diversity and socio-cultural meanings are reflected on thespatial configuration of Traditional Kayseri Houses, what common and/or differentcharacteristics are demonstrated by the houses in terms of the spatial configuration andvisibility structure, and the importance of permeability and visibility structures in the spatialconfiguration of yard-type houses.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 173

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 312SOCIAL HOUSING IN PORTUGAL AND IN THEMUNICIPALITY OF SÃO PAULO.COMPARISON OF SPACE STANDARDS1João Branco Pedro and 2 José Jorge Boueri1Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, PortugalOTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technology, Netherlandse-mail: jpedro@lnec.pt2Faculdade de Arquitectura e Urbanismo, Universidade de São Paulo, BrazilEscola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazile-mail: jjboueri@usp.brKey words: Social Housing, Space standards, Portugal, BrazilAbstractThis paper compares the space standards for social housing in Portugal and in São Paulo, andseeks explanations for differences in the socio-economic context of both territories. TheControlled Cost Housing (CCH) in Portugal and the housing built within the program MyHome My Life (MHML) in São Paulo Municipality are studied. The number and type ofrooms, the internal floor area of dwellings, the size of rooms, and the list and size of furnitureand equipment are compared.Three research questions are addressed: Which program has more demanding spacestandards? Which social-economic conditions explain the differences in space standards?How different space standards influence the users' satisfaction? To answer these questions,the study compares socio-economic indicators, space standards and users' satisfaction of bothterritories.The study has shown that space standards set for the construction of social housing in CCHare more demanding than in MHML program. For instance, a CCH dwelling has almost twotimes the gross area of a MHML dwelling with the same number of rooms. The differences inspace standards contribute to make the price of housing affordable to low income householdsin São Paulo Municipality. Although social houses are substantially smaller in São PauloMunicipality than in Portugal, the satisfaction level of dwellers with the size of dwellings ishigher in São Paulo.We conclude that different political options regarding how to provide housing to low incomehouseholds directly influence the space standards set for dwellings and therefore their quality.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 174

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 313SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS AND THETRANSFORMATION OF HOUSE FORM IN SUDAN .CASESTUDY KHARTOUM NORTHMuna M. EltahirAssistant Professor, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudanmmeltahir@yahoo.comKey words: House form, culture, social participation, Khartoum, SudanAbstractCulture, which is a result of the mindsets of people inhabiting different regions of the world,refers to the pattern of human activities and the symbols, which give significance to theseactivities. The members of a community share culture and the natural environment, whichgreatly affects the lifestyle of the people of that region, affects it, Culture transfer from onegeneration to another through arts literature, costumes, customs and traditions of acommunity. Religion also serves as the symbolic means of transfer of cultural values betweengenerations.As regard to Sudanese culture, it blends the behaviors, practices, and beliefs of about 578tribes, communicating in 145 different languages, in a region microcosmic of Africa withgeographic extremes varying from sandy desert to tropical forests. In a study carried out bythe researcher in an old village that is different in its culture than that of the other Sudanesepeople, which the city stretched its arms to embrace it. The researcher found out that culture isunique and people's cultural behavior is governing their lifestyle thus shaping their houseform, neighborhood and street pattern.This paper highlights the transformation of house form as a result of people's culture andbehavior, how house form is transformed in Al-Gireif specially, from a nuclear family houseto an extended family house creating a kind of incremental house occupied by a familycomposed of different generations that pursue participation in different aspects of their life,studying how this kind of house form affect their sustainability, education, and other aspectsthat shape their future.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 175

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 314THE “SAN GIROLAMO SOCIAL CENTRE” IN BARI, ITALYarch. Giancarlo dell’Aquila, ing. PhD Giovanni dell’AquilaDepartment of TecnologyPolitecnico di Torino – II Facoltà di Architettura, Italye-mail: giancarlo.dellaquila@polito.itDipartimento di Architettura e UrbanisticaPolitecnico di Bari, Italye-mail: g.dellaquila@poliba.itKey words: social center, social and cultural impacts, sustainabilityAbstractThe present work is inspired by the design performed by the authors, together with othercolleagues, for the realization of a “Social Center” in the city of Bari, in southern Italy.This is a specific type of "social buildings" with extremely important social and culturalimpacts, especially considering that it is a juvenile center, with an age between 6 and 24years, to be included in a 4000 sqm site in the area of San Girolamo, a classical suburbandormitory neighborhood, characterized by the presence of crime that makes it even moredifficult.The plan, commissioned by the Bari Municipality, has been developed considering nationaland regional rules for Social Centers, which in fact gives scanty indications of functional andspatial type, and the desire to create a really attractive center for youths of the neighborhood.It requires a long study searching similar achievements to found the presence of any standardtype or interesting examples of Social Centers we can follow for the new structure. Researchhas in fact found that there are studies of Social Centers made only by "sociologists" and wasapparently not carried out any research in this area including spatial, functional, typological ordesign aspects.The result was a thorough analysis of possible effects that different design choices could leadto the potential users.The outcome is a design of great interest that hasn’t neglected aspects of internal flexibilityspaces and, of course, those related to sustainability.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 176

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 315ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL COST OF CARBON IN SLOVAKREPUBLICF. Vranay, D.Lukasik, L.Tkacik, D.OcipovaDepartment of Indoor Engineering and Building ServicesCentrum for economy analysis for renewable energies and distribution systemsTechnical University of Kosice, Slovakiae-mail: frantisek.vranay@tuke.sk, honors@stonline.skKey words: greenhouse emissions, geothermal/gas system, lower cost, transformation, energy, carbonAbstractBased on legislative support in Slovak republic a social cost of carbon for various energyproduction technologies is calculated. A simple carbon learning curve is outlined. ComparingSlovakia nature conditions and already build energy infrastructure a possible scenario with themost economic approach to mitigation towards low carbon energy system is discussed. As anexample a transformation of the central heat system in town Kosice from coal/gas fuels intogeothermal/gas system is discussed. Analysis of the transformation cooperative concurrencymodel shows that the present central heat system could be transformed in order to produceonly 30% from the present level of greenhouse emissions. A four level guarantee for investorsembedded into the heat code is constructed. Moreover an analysis suggests thattransformation towards low carbon central heat system will produce heat with lower cost forconsumers.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 177

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 316WHAT HAS BEEN OF TERRACES?(AN ANALYSIS LINKING PREVIOUS HISTORICALTERRACES’ PROJECTS WITH A CURRENT PROTOTYPE)Roger Sauquet 1 and Guillem Bosch 21 Department of Architectonic Projects / 2 Department of Graphic ExpressionPolytechnic University of Catalonia (U.P.C.)e-mail: 1 rsauquet@coac.net; 2 guillembf@gmail.comKey words: terrace typology, staggered shape housing, elderly people, Mediterranean climate, urbanhouses.AbstractAdolf Loos presented at “Salon d’Automne” (Paris 1923) his Hotel Babilonia, an authenticziggurat made by habitation units. This project was the last of a research line focused on the“terrace” dream: the possibility of generous completely outdoor terraces for each of theapartments. Since then, the issue of terracing in staggered shape buildings has beenhistorically recurrent.In modern times multiple prototypes of terraces have been developed advancing differentargumentations: harnessing the sun light –Innocenzo Sabatini in Rome–, or, on the contrary,preserving the houses from the extreme sun radiation –Le Corbusier in Algeria–, developingthe holiday habitat –Bonet Castellana in Mar de la Plata and Sáenz de Oíza in Alcúdia–, etc.Which are, currently, the arguments to support staggered shape buildings and the adequatehousing programs that would make the most of them?Looking at arguments, a terrace implies: a) an extra outdoor living room, b) the possibility ofdeveloping suburban housing activities in urban houses, and c) psychologically, thepossibility of future expansion space. Moreover, from our point of view, there is a suitablehousing program that would improve residents’ life quality if terraces are included, that ishousing for elders.In this sense elderly people, in a Mediterranean climate, appreciates having a generous sunterrace. This has been contrasted visiting other buildings for elders, who not only make muchuse of terrace but also keep them full of plants and life.This article analyses the process of research and design of a building for elder by the authors,promoted by VIMUSA, a public Catalan institute, establishing parallelisms with historicalmodels. The first part of the article identifies the parameters for comparing historical andcurrent staggered buildings. The second part analyzes the prototype designed paying attentionto four of those parameters: 1) Site possibilities; 2) Types of apartments; 3) The terrace; 4)Technical solutions. Finally, we summarize our designing experience in six key pointsdeveloped in the conclusions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 178

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 317SOCIAL PRODUCTION OF HOUSING FOR LOW INCOMEGROUPS IN VERACRUZ, MÉXICO: POTENTIALITIES ANDCHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTATIONMara A. Cortés-LaraMultidisciplinary Research InstituteUniversidad Veracruzanae-mail: mara_cl2001@yahoo.frKey words: housing policies, poverty, social participation, developmentAbstractFor decades, governments of developing countries have incorporated to their public policiesand programs several strategies to support housing and slum upgrading programs as one ofthe main actions to mitigate poverty derived from the goals and agendas implemented byinternational agencies around the globe.It is considered that in México, large proportions of the cities are built through self-help andself-construction strategies without any official support. The governments at all levels,therefore, are recognizing a paradigm shift in the work and responsibility that the state and itsofficial institutions have, as well as the role that development practitioners, academia andcivil society organizations play in the improvement of housing, the human settlements and thequality of life in our environment.The recognition of the importance of the Social Production of Housing for the development ofhuman settlements in Mexico was embodied in the Housing Law since 2006, which has beenone of the most significant achievements for the most disadvantaged groups and civil societyorganizations.The organized social production of housing, as defined in the law itself as, the one undercontrol of self-help groups and self- builders operating not for profit with the aim of meetingthe housing needs of low income population, places without doubts great potentialities andchallenges to become more efficient in the access and use of public resources towards ourcities transformations.In this work, a reflection from the local experiences of the social production of housingprograms that have been implemented in the State of Veracruz, México is essential,considering the outcomes, the new ways of partnership of the actors involved as well as thequalitative effects that these programs have had in the targeted population. Also it would bean exercise to place the challenge in a better perspective to strengthen the state policy in thefuture.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 179

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 318ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMICINTERACTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGESTATE OF THE ART APPLIED RESEARCH AND PRACTICEIN EGYPTProf. Dr. Alaa El-Dien A. El-AlfyDepartment of ArchitectureUniversity of Alexandria, EGYPTE-mail: alaaalfy@hotmail.comKey words: Environmental, Social and Economic Interaction, Cultural Heritage, State of the Artstrategy for sustainable use and protection of historic buildings, Egypt.AbstractSince the 19th Century public heritage policies have broken new ground by recognizing thevalue of old Century sites, and looking for ways to elevate them to the rank of heritage whileencompassing an urban sense of style. Regarding this new trend, major changes haveoccurred in many areas such as: the raising of awareness, law making, inventories, operationalprojects, re-use of ancient palaces, establishing diverse communities, and funding resources.Taken as a whole, such innovative developments in the field of heritage management andprotection mark a crucial stage in a long process of “heritagisation”. Historical objects,buildings and landscapes create a historical environment.They bring potential and a sense of uniqueness to the country, region and human settlements.If we would like to activate these potentials within the country we have to realize theregeneration of human settlements, land or particular objects, where it is needed. Thus we canthan remove environmental and social liabilities and to renew cultural, social, and historicalcontinuity.By doing this, we will significantly improve conditions for further sustainable development ofhuman settlements that have positive impact to the regions and whole country as well. Thispaper will attempt to highlight the importance of heritage conservation and the need to focusattention on the opportunities to share experiences and lessons among cities.The paper will highlight approaches for the heritage and the strategy for sustainable use andprotection of historic buildings, and the concept of acceptable technology.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 180

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 320SOCIAL HOUSING: ENVELOPE REHABILITATION COSTSDETERMINATION MODELF. Rodrigues 1 , J. Teixeira 2 , C. Cardoso 3 , A. Anjos 41,2,3 Department of Civil Engineering4 Department of Mathematic1,3,4 University of Aveiro, Portugal4 University of Minho, Portugal1 e-mail: mfrodrigues@ua.pt; 2 e-mail: jct@civil.uminho.pt; 3 e-mail: claudino@ua.pt; 4 e-mail: batel@ua.ptKey words: social housing, rehabilitation costs, envelope, determination modelAbstractAn evaluation methodology to estimate social housing envelope degradation level wasdeveloped and has been applied to a set of social housing. The degradation level of each ofthe main anomalies was determined as well as the evaluation index of the building envelope.Degradation evaluation results were obtained through visual survey and were aggregated by amethod developed for research. Levels of damage were established according to the extensionand the level of the anomalies’ severity. The rehabilitation works were defined to each levelof damage considering the type of interventions and the periodicity of its implementation.As in Portugal we do not have a data basis with the costs of a great number of rehabilitationworks that permits to quickly obtain the global cost of the works, a rehabilitation coefficientcosts was developed. This coefficient also can support the decisions of the building ownerwhen he has to decide among several solutions.To obtain these coefficients, firstly the type of rehabilitation actions were defined and werecollected, from enterprises and public owners of social housing, the unit cost of severalrehabilitation and conservation works previously defined. After obtaining differentcoefficients from different social buildings studied, models were developed in order to allowthe estimation of the costs of the envelope rehabilitation works.The aim of this paper is to present the models to obtain the cost of the envelope rehabilitationas a function of its evaluation index. This has been used in the scope of a research project onprioritising refurbishment interventions in the Portuguese social housing stock.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 181

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 321CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL HOUSING. ANALYSIS, CRITICEVALUATION, OPERATIONAL PROPOSAL.R. Marvali, E. Pani.Department of ArchitectureUniversity of the Cagliari, Italye-mail: rominamarvaldi@katamail.comKey words: social housing, demand-dwelling, experimentationAbstractThe last social, politics and economic transformations, suggested the development of aresearch programme on social housing which is aimed at proposing analysis and control tools,in order to produce models and guide lines for a quality, innovative and sustainable housingintervention in the Italian context.A new programme for social housing should involve that growing range of people who cannothave access both to current social policies and to the free market. In this sense, a deep studyon the emerging needs related to the new living models of the families is necessary, togetherwith the analysis of the relation between living habits, typology and distribution.The constant presence of contradictory requests is related to the insufficient correspondencebetween traditional dwelling types and the needs of a transforming society. Then, it isimportant to individuate the present user’s needs and their response to contemporaryexperimentation.The relationship between architectural space and social dealings demonstrate how design canaffect living habits.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 182

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 322MADRID SOCIAL HOUSINGElisabetta PaniDepartment of ArchitectureUniversity of the Cagliari, Italye-mail: elisabetta.pani@unica.itKey words: social housing, Madrid, EMVS, architecture, innovationAbstractThe program developed by the Empresa Municipal de la Vivienda y Suelo in Madrid is part ofthe transformation process experienced by the city in the last years. No less than 59.000 newdwellings will be realized by the government between 2003 and 2011, 32.500 of which areVPO (Vivienda de Protecion Official). The goal is represented by a wide program of urbanregeneration supported by the government, together with a new ground policy and thesustainable requalification of the existing heritage in the consolidated urban areas through taxincentives. The first target is to assure an easier access to quality dwellings for people withlow income, offering prices 30% lower than the market ones. This scheme is based onnational and international competitions, and on the participation to European programs I+D+Ifor the definition of innovative materials and new housing typology responding to the user’sneeds.As a result, Madrid gained a range of public housing for rent and sale, which not only is anexample of architectural quality, but also contributes to the balance of the territory and to thegrowth and transformation of the urban landscape. According to the effective urbanregeneration and to the importance of the contribution of social housing to the quality of lifeof its citizens, Madrid was chosen to participate to the Shanghai Expo 2010 “Better City,Better Life”.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 183

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 323SOCIAL HOUSING IN THE EMERGING COUNTRIESElisabetta PaniDepartment of ArchitectureUniversity of the Cagliari, Italye-mail: elisabetta.pani@unica.itKey words: emerging countries, social housing, informal city, favela upgrade, urban developmentAbstractIn Latin America the housing demand finds its most extreme expression, due to the failure ofthe removal policies and the government social programs. For many people, the solution tothe lack of accessible housing is represented by illegal occupation: the proposed alternativesto the informal habitat lack in terms of quality of life and opportunities, they do not have thesame dynamicity, functional mix and job accessibility which characterize the spontaneoussettlements.Two different cities can be described: the first one, formal, developed following conventionalrules. The second one, physically, politically and economically independent, is the informalcity. The informal city is generated by the formal one: it rises in the periphery as well as in thecenter of it.Nowadays, the local government are promoting different Favela Upgrading programmes, likeMutirão 50 in Fortaleza, based on technical and financing support to organized groups offuture inhabitants, and urbanization, infrastructure and service policies, as in the FavelaBarrio programme, developed in Rio de Janeiro by the GEAP. Another interesting case isrepresented by the requalification of the informal settlements known as Alagados, in theTodos Os Santos bay, in Salvador. One of the most interesting low cost social housingintervention has been promoted by the Housing Department of the Chilean Government, inthe program VSDsD (Vivienda Social Dinámica sin Deuda). This approach has beenexperimented in the project commissioned by the government for the Quinta Monroy area inIquique (Chile Barrio Program) and in the international competition Elemental in 2003.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 184

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 324A DESIGN TOOL FOR DOCUMENTING SOCIO CULTURALASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION IN URBAN AREAS ANDHOUSING PROJECTS.Sahar Hassan ImamDepartment of ArchitectureCairo University Faculty of Engineeringe-mail: saharimam@hotmail.comKey words: Research Methods, Visual Documentation, Non Physical Aspects, Qualitative Research.AbstractDevelopment in methods and techniques of data collection and analysis tools is needed toenable better understanding of the complexities of change in contemporary urban settings.Tools and methods evolved from basic analytical simplification to incorporating time layers,cultural aspects and contextual frameworks. The limitation of current tools and methods callsfor the development of new approaches in research methods and continuous evaluation andupgrading of existing ones. [4]The present work reviews means and methods used to monitor and document non physicalaspects of the built environment. It examines a tool developed by the author to document andclassify visual materials (photographs) in a way that helps identifying community and socialgroup characteristics, behavioral patterns and activity systems. The tool helps in definingintangible conceptions (non physical) through the deployment of tangible data (visualmaterial).The paper highlights the application of the proposed tool on a selected case study (a smallopen space in Al Darb Al Ahmar historic Cairo, Egypt), to test the structure and key entries,and to adjust them to secure better documentation and accurate interpretations of communitiesand settings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 185

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 325ART AND CULTURE: SOCIAL INTERACTION TOOLS FORURBAN TRANSFORMATIONJavier Moreno del OjoDepartment of Graphic Expression and Architectural ProjectsProject i+d BIA 2088-02753. Urban Recycling. E.T.S. of Architecture, Granada, Spainjavi.mdo@gmail.comKey words: social interaction, urban transformation, design toolsAbstractThe intervention is focused on the search of tools which will allow to foster and to channelthe existing social energy in the different areas of the city with the purpose of involving thecitizens actively in the processes of its configuration.The aim is to create an approach which will open up new channels in professional practicewhich consider the ‘social aspect’ as a tool of the project. Thus the inhabitants will beprovided with urban spaces, buildings, furniture, allowing them to change and to take part intheir own environment. The aim is to promote with all this a kind of active citizen involvedwith their reality, and try to change the trend of a passive consumer citizen promoted by themedia, the institutions and the forms of an urban growth as a generic city: homogenized andwithout identity.Communication is structured in three parts:1. New relationships with the environment: An analysis of the contemporary cityconfiguration in which the citizen is induced to produce and consume by simulatedenvironments.2. Contemporary art as an instrument of interpretation and participation: Study architectureprojects and art installations that are grouped according to two main features:Art as an interpretation of the environment: interventions can make visible a phenomenonwhich is usually barely perceptible, thereby they change the way we appreciate our city. Theinstallations look for the citizens’ awareness of their environment. People love what theyknow.Contemporary art as catalyst for social intervention: it shows interventions in which the mainthing is the social action and the relations generated in the public. Such interventions, if theyare focused in its context, involve citizens actively in creating and shaping their ownenvironment.3. Ways for participation: Examples of projects made by architects, universities and socialaction groups in which, citizens are involved as an active agent in different situations.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 186

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 326THE JEAN RENAUDIE AND RENÉE GAILHOUSTETCOLLECTIVE CONCEPTIONS: VALIDITY ANDRELEVANCE AT THE CONTEMPORARY DEBATESSánchez Cayuela, Carlos AdulfoDepartment of Graphic Expression in Architecture and EngineeringUniversity of the Granada, Spaine-mail: cascayuela@yahoo.comKey words: Topic III, Social Housing, community, identity, Jean Renaudie, Renée GailhoustetAbstractThis is the Self-service Period, one of the most emblematic devices of second half of XXCentury, and the dominant model in almost all vital sectors, such as family, politics, religionor consumer life. The intermediates disappear: finally, the consumer and the merchandise,face to face. The independent consumer has to choose, and that causes a competition forsearching product and the wrapping’s seduction. All the system, consequently, from themarketing to our own habitats, has produced a collective power’s weakening and its ownrules, confronting the private enjoyment to the public dissatisfaction, destroying theconception of society.Today, it’s necessary to give answers from architecture and urbanism trying to bond andstrengthen social relationships. The concepts of identity and sense of belonging, communityand collectivity, studied in the ’60-‘70s by Team X and their contemporaries, have to beactualized and revised for defining how we can understand them as collective experience inthe XXIst century, far from huxleymanians models, in the new relational context.The social housing development of almost forgotten french architects Atelier de Montrouge,Jean Renaudie and Renée Gailhoustet are full of validity and relevance, despite of their fallinto obscurity. Their works are based on the principles of social contact, complexity, nonhierarchicalstructure, mixed uses at different levels and a profound social commitment,which makes them real built utopias. The paper studies some of the projects of thesearchitects, focusing in their most interesting proposals attending to its potential contribution tothe contemporary debate.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 187

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 328CULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION TOHELP SUSTAINABILITY IN HOUSING DESIGN CASESTUDY: COURTYARD HOUSES IN YAZD, CENTRAL IRANDr. Iraj Etessam, AIAProfessor of Architecture & Urban DesignUniversity of Tehran, Irane-mail: ietessam@hotmail.comKeywords: Cultural, Environmental, Sustainability, Globalization, House DesignAbstract: In a globalizing world and computer age, where the information andcommunication technology has brought many similarities around the world in terms of socioeconomictrends, consumption habits, building materials, building technologies, house designand many more, there are still some ‘’pockets of resistance’’ in terms of local habits,economy and culture.In order to mitigate these contrasting issues and to reach a consensus, at least in the housedesign sector, we should carefully study and examine the successful examples ofenvironmentally sound and culturally suitable living spaces, such as courtyard houses in hot& arid climate of Yazd in central Iran, not of course to imitate them, but to figure out theirpositive aspects and try to apply them into the modern house design of today.The goal is to reach to a kind of house design which recognizes the facts & problems oftoday such as urban land scarcity and its high cost, higher urban densities, smaller livingspaces, expensive building materials and installation, etc, etc, but still could provide thecomfort, energy saving and sustainability of the old courtyard houses.We are all aware that the whole world is now facing the energy crisis and we do know thathouses are the major consumers of the valuable source of fossil fuel energy, and here is wherewe can learn from the energy saving facts of old courtyard houses. My intention is to figureout and expose the major sustainable elements of the Yazd courtyard houses and apply theminto modern housing design, as much as possible.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 188

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 330EFFECTS OF CULTURE, TRADITION AND LOCALARCHITECTURE ON HOUSING: A CASE OF BALAT(ISTANBUL) JEWISH HOUSINGSevim AteşDepartment of Interior ArchitectureUniversity of the Yeditepee-mail: sevim.ates@yeditepe.edu.trKey words: cultural variety, social structure, residential architecture, architectural interaction, JewishhousingAbstractIstanbul as a city, throughout history, has become an attractive land for various social groups to settle.As a result, different periods in city life have witnessed the arrival of settlers forming their ownsettlements, thus leading to a so called “mosaic of settlements” within the city.Social factors have played a big role in the formation and development of settlements in Istanbul. Thecultural variety arising from the different social structures has led to different architectural features inthe city. The different social structures have also had affects on site selection, on the quarter – districttissue, and also on the residential architecture. It is therefore, the general purpose of this article, toexplore the different features of quarters reflecting the interaction between the architectural formationand the cultural values of society.In the Historical Peninsula in Istanbul, one can easily observe the impact of cultural characteristics ofthe communities on their housing settlements. Together with environmental features such as climate,local building materials, building technologies, the culturel values of the social groups all have playeda role in determining the architectural environment and the formation of housing settlements.Among all others, Balat, wich still exists, is the oldest housing settlement of the Jewish Community inIstanbul, dating back to the Byzantine period. It reflects the full characteristics of a Jewish quarterstructure in the best possible manner. The synagogue, religious worship building, and the houseswhich both form and shape a typical Jewish quarter are subject to investigation and analysis in thispaper. Besides, the layouts of Jewish quarters in this settlement, the architectural character of housesand religious buildings are documented with “drawings”, “photographs”, “maps” and “sketches”.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 189

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 332DWELLING TODAY – A REFLECTION OF THE PLACEIDENTITYLj. Biondic, A. Delic and Lj. SepicUniversity of Zagreb, Croatiae-mail: ljerka.biondic@arhitekt.hrKey words: paper guidelines, instructions, format, paper size, maximum lengthAbstractThis document contains guidelines for preparation of full papers for the XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on Housing. It defines the layout and formatting of papers, dates forsubmission by authors and return dates from the Scientific Secretariat with comments. Thename and contact details of the author are to be clearly indicated in a covering letter. The firstpage includes the congress headline, the title, name and contact details of the author,keywords and abstract. The abstract must not go over into the 2nd page and must not be morethan 300 words. The abstract is to indicate the subject of the paper, how the author proposesto develop the subject and its overall objective, aim or outcome. Abstracts will be reviewed interms of relevance to the <strong>Congress</strong>, its purpose, scope and themes and the potentialcontribution to knowledge, design or transformation in housing environments. Authors are toindicate into which of the five themes their paper would best fit. The last date for submissionof abstracts is 28 February, 2010.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 190

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 335HERITAGE VALUE AND REFURBISHMENT INTRADITIONAL RURAL BUILDINGS. WATER MILLSCATALOGUE IN CANTABRIA (ESPAÑA)M. Ruiz BediaDpto. Ingeniería Geográfica y TEG. Grupo de Historia y Patrimonio de las Obras PúblicasUniversidad de Cantabriae-mail: maria.ruiz@unican.esKey words: water mills, restoration, refurbishment, rural areas, heritageAbstractAt present, the general public is estrict with inteventions in the built heritage. Designer andbuilders are observed and a broad knowledge demands them that helps to plan respectfulsolutions with the past, chords with demands of the present and sustainable towards thefuture. For this reason it must have resources that provide these interventions. The water millscatalogue has been thought, among others objectives, to compile all the information thatallows planning a refurbishment project, or renewal project, respectful with materials,constructive classifications and constructive techniques of these former industrial buildingsreconverted currently to new uses.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 191

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 336CAN DESIGN FACILITATE COMMUNITY? HOUSINGDESIGN AND A DESIRE FOR LIGHT SOCIALITY1Ritsuko Ozaki and 2 Anne Schram1Imperial College Business SchoolImperial College Londone-mail: r.ozaki@imperial.ac.uk2Department of Architecture, Building and PlanningEindhoven University of Technologye-mail: a.l.schram@bwk.tue.nlKey words: housing design, spatial features, sense of communityAbstractHousing developments consist of a variety of building elements, objects and open spaces.Design of such features can facilitate encounters among people and convey messages aboutthe behaviour appropriate to particular space. This paper investigates how design of blocks offlats can facilitate a sense of community among residents in urban housing developments,based on a small-scale exploratory study of two housing schemes in Canary Wharf, London,UK. Community has traditionally been characterised as being bound to place, holding sharedvalues and being tight-knitted, thus evoking a feeling of nostalgia in our modern societywhich is full of uncertainty and insecurity. Today, community takes new forms: it is based onpeople’s cultural attachments, rather than their innate social orders. Community is now moreheterogeneous and is ‘occasional’ in nature. Our conclusions are that the physical design ofthe building can promote the sense of community and communal activities among residents.We also emphasise that community is sought by most of our respondents ‘on selective terms’,and as such, design also needs to reflect residents’ diverse perceptions of community.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 192

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 337USER PARTICIPATION IN HOUSING SUPPLY FORSPATIAL COMFORT1M. Mohammadi, and 2 S. Agyefi-Mensah1Department of Architecture, Building and Planning,Eindhoven University of Technologym.mohammadi@tue.nl2Department of Architecture, Building and Planning,Eindhoven University of Technologys.agyefi.mensah@tue.nlKey words: spatial quality, user needs, supply, design criteria,AbstractA house is to all a basic human need. The mismatch between housing design attributes (e.g.space) and the requirements of users, however, continues to increase in the face of social andtechnological changes. The challenge for design rests in the effective deployment, translationand development of user requirements into desired attributes. The purpose of this paper is firstto present a framework for achieving this end. A case study application is then presented toshow how such a framework can be used. Findings of the case study of the bathroom spacefor senior citizens reveals that people are not asking for certain applications in their domesticenvironment, but for spatial and residential comfort.The paper contributes to greater insight into the methodologies for design programming andrealization.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 193

TOPIC IV – HEALTH, COMFORT AND SAFETYPOLICIES.TOPIC IVHEALTH, COMFORT AND SAFETYPOLICIES• THE QUALITY OF THE AIR IN THE INTERIOR.• INNER MICROCLIMATE.• SYSTEMS OF PROTECTION AGAINST FIRES.• TOXICITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS.• USE OF THE POWER NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE HOUSE.• CONTROL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINATION.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 194

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 402“EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF FIREBEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS”Pont P., Laura 1 , Yuste N., Javier, Martinez B., RafaelTechnical Unit of Research on Safety and Construction TechnologiesAIDICO-Construction Technology Institute (Valencia)1 e-mail: laura.pont@aidico.esKey Words: reinforced concrete, fire curve, numerical model, finite elements analysisAbstractThis paper deals with the work to study the fire behaviour of reinforced concrete beams, when themare exposed to a fire curve so-called FIRE (ISO 834). This behaviour is analysed by two parts, one in areal scale and the other one by a simulation with a software of finite elements. The results obtained byboth methods, are compared with the aim to validate the software and to obtain a real database tocompare it with the normative data, that it is, nowadays, the method most commonly used bydesigners in the calculation and design for structures protected to fire.. This comparison will allowquantifying the safety level by using the current standart. In the same way, it arises a comparativebetween different typologies beams, flat beam, represents an embedded beam on floor structure andedge beam, represent suspended beams of floor structure. First type with one side exposed and thesecond with three free faces exposed. It wants to be known which of the two typologies of beambehaves better to accidental action of a fire when both of them are calculated to the same use andloads.The results of this study will allow having better knowledge of the beam concrete response when it isaffected by a curve of fire, and we can justify, in the same way, the often used standard and thesimplify methods. It can be developed numerical models, that they were able to reproduce thesebehaviours without having the resource to performe real scale tests that implies high cost andinvestments.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 195

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 403DOMES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THERMALENVIRONMENT INSIDE BUILDINGS1Prof. Dr. Miqdad Haidar Al-Jawadi and 2 Jamal AbdulWahid Al-Sudany1Dept. of Architecture-University of TechnologyBaghdad, Iraqe-mail: miqdad@maljawadi.com2Institute of Technology – Zafaraniyahe-mail: Jamal_al_sudany@yahoo.comKey words: Domed roofs, climatic Design, sustainable designAbstractResearch and scientific studies over more than thirty years have concentrated on the subjectof less dependency on polluting power, realizing thermal comfort inside buildings, andinviting declaration for dependence on natural solutions and benefiting from previousexperiences.The impetus to the rising attention is the drive to adopt the domed roofs, which were previouslyused by pioneers in buildings as one of several environmental solutions for warm regions.These declarations raised questions, which could not find easy solutions. The questionsincluded:a- Doesn't the use of dome increases roof surface area for increased thermal exchange?b-Doesn't the use of dome means the increase the inner space volume, which requires more airconditioningappliances?c-Dose Part of the dome, exposure to direct solar energy, and the occurrence of differences intemperature will result in air movement around the dome, driving the heat further,consequently being better than flat roofs?.d-Which of the two techniques is better in realizing thermal comfort and cost-effectiveness,regarding power expenses?This paper is aimed at disclosing the dome's thermal performance and to provide answers to thequestions raised about it. It is also intended to concentrate on the dome's thermal behavior byadopting mathematical technique supported by experimental measurements on single domedbuilding and identical flat-roof building.Mathematically, the computer energy simulation package (Ecotect), special for thermalperformance evaluation of buildings was used. The results were compared with experimentalresults on single domed building and identical flat-roof building, tabulated, and diagrams.The final results arrived at the dome-system works to lower temperature by about (2 – 6) o C onaverage, and aids in reaching thermal balance summertime. In winter, however, thermal lossesfrom dome-roof are greater than those from flat-roof.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 196

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 404THERMAL COMFORT IN LOW ENERGY HOUSESTünde Kalmár 1 András Zöld 21 Department of Building Services and Building EngineeringUniversity of Debrecen1 e-mail: kalmar_tk@mk.unideb.hu2e-mail: profzold@mk.unideb.huKey words: low energy building, passive house, balance temperature of heating, transient comfortconditions.AbstractThe concepts of passive and low energy houses became fashionable in the last years;moreover the European Parliament initiated a proposal to build only near zero energy housesfrom 2019. It means that the overall heat loss coefficient of the building is decreased – oftenby order. Due to the solar and internal gains the balance point temperature (below whichheating system should be operated) decreases even below zero O C external temperature.Instead of consecutive months the heating season will consist of short periods of a fewconsecutive days as the “cool waves” occur in a random way in the winter months. Thestatistical data of these periods show that the length of cooling down periods is typically 3-4days, the daily mean temperatures can be well approximated with a linear function of time;the response of the building is delayed and decremented.Smaller random changes of indoor temperature occur in a random way. It would be waste ofenergy to start the back-up heating system in each case when the actual temperature fallsbelow the set point. Switching on the heating system is reasonable only if the cooling downperiod is definitive. It means that the habitants will be exposed to transitional conditions: aftersome decrease of the indoor temperature at a decision point the system is switched on and theheating up of the house starts.Omission false “alarms” results in energy saving, however it is questionable how the habitantsreact to this regime. Most of the comfort characteristics express the expected thermalsensation in steady state conditions. Nevertheless, in a transitional process the comfortsensation depends not only on the pure thermal conditions but on other – mostlypsychological – factors.A series of tests has been carried out in the comfort laboratory of the University of Debrecen:the starting temperature and the regime of the heating up have been varied. Subjective votesand calculated PMV values have been compared. The results support the hypothesis that therate of the change of the thermal environment is at least as important as the current thermalenvironment. Changes towards the neutral state are recognised and responded with a smalldelay. The worse the starting conditions are the most important and many times the faster isthis effect. The risk of thermal discomfort is small since after the start of the heating systemthe habitants’ subjective response will be fast and positive.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 197

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 406THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY PROFESSIONAL CARDIN SPAINLuis Rosel Ajamil i , David de Teresa Escolar i , and José A. Viejo Rodríguez iii Department of Health and Safetyii Department of TrainingFundación Laboral de la Construccióne-mail: lrosel@fundacionlaboral.org; ddeteresa@fundacionlaboral.org; jviejo@fundacionlaboral.orgKey words: TPC, professional card, health, safety, SpainAbstractThe accident rates in the construction industry in Spain are historically high compared to therates in the rest of industries in Spain. Consequently both the authorities and the social agentshave been looking for measures to decrease the number of accidents.Therefore the Collective Agreement of the Spanish Construction Sector for the period 2007 –2011 [1] meant the launch of the Construction Industry Professional Card (TPC). It is anambitious project focused on the professionalization of the sector and the improvement of theaccidents rates that will culminate on December 31st, 2011, when it will be mandatory for allthe employees working in construction companies affected by the above mentionedAgreement, independently of their nationality. Nowadays the request of TPC for the workersis voluntary, and it will gradually become extensive to the totality of the active population ofthe sector.In order to achieve these goals, it is mandatory to have passed at least an 8-hour minimumtraining in health and safety to obtain the TPC. Likewise a second cycle of health& safetytraining is compulsory in accordance with every position or trade, being its length about 20hours, although there are some exceptions. In addition to, the TPC is a card which allowsworkers to accredit all their training, their professional category and experience, their medicalexaminations, etc.The Collective Agreement establishes that Fundación Laboral de la Construcción (LabourFoundation of Construction), a paritarian institution belonging to employers’ association andtrade unions, will be in charge of the development and issue of the above mentioned card.From its beginning in September 2007, Fundación Laboral de la Construcción has alreadyissued over 230.000 TPC (April 2010).37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 198

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 407FIRE RISK ANALYSIS IN BUILDINGSAntónio Leça Coelho i , João Paulo Correia Rodrigues iiiLaboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa, PortugaliiFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbrae-mail: alcoelho@lnec.ptKey words: Buldings, models, fire risk, emergency, egress.AbstractThe Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil – LNEC has launched, about 12 years ago, thedevelopment of an overall model of analysis to the fire risk in buildings.The model was formed by 11 partial models (model describing the building, model of thebuilding evacuation, model of the probability of occurrence of fire in the building, model ofdevelopment of fire in the building, model of structural safety of the building, model of firewarning and detection, model of automatic fire extinction means, model of fire brigadesassociated with the building, model of reliability of the active protection systems, model ofcost-advantage analysis, model of data management produced by the partial models).This communication is a description of the evolution of the model over these 12 years.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 199

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 408DETACHMENT OF PLASTERS APPLIED ON CEILINGS ANDWALLS: A SAFETY PROBLEMVeiga, Maria do Rosário 1 ; Malanho, Sofia 21, 2Buildings DepartmentLaboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC)e-mail: 1 rveiga@lnec.pt; 2 smalanho@lnec.ptKey words: detachments, plasters, in situ testsAbstractThe loss of adhesion of plasters has as a consequence the separation between mortar andsupport, an anomaly designated as detachment; which may endanger the users’ safety.The loss of adhesion can appear due to different factors: problems related to the background(dust, demoulding oil, poor suction or excessive suction, etc.); problems related with theplaster composition, as the use of hydrophobic admixtures; problems related to application(high thickness of the plaster coat, absence of an adhesion coat, disrespect for drying periodsbetween coats, etc.).This problem is getting more and more important nowadays, because of short times forconstruction, untrained workmanship and the tendency to use hydrophobic materials andsmooth surfaces. The fall of a fragment of heavy mortar from the ceiling of a house or froman external high wall can seriously hurt the users, or even kill somebody, thus theunderstanding of causes and the specification of preventive measures is a safety issue.This paper presents an analysis of this problem, showing shortly some examples and theircauses and describing a case study about the detachment of a cement ceiling plaster.Concerning the case study, an experimental analysis was developed with the purpose todetermine adhesion degree in the remaining plasters and to identify the cause of the anomaly.In situ pull-off tests were carried out and compared with reference values and a set oflaboratory tests were accomplished to acknowledge the influence of each factor. The testsresults permitted the definition of the functional capacity of the plasters and the planning ofrepair actions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 200

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 409CHARACTERIZATION OF SUSPENDED PARTICULATEMATTER IN THE INDOOR AIR ENVIRONMENTLlinares J. 1 , Llinares C. 2 , Moreno V. 3 , Millán M.C. 31 Department of Architectural Constructions., 2 Higher Technical School of Building Management, 3 Department ofApplied PhysicsPolytechnic University of Valencia (Spain)e-mail: jllinares@csa.upv.esKey words: air quality, indoor air, aerosols, particulate matter, atmospheric particlesAbstractIt has been documented that the average person spends approximately the 85% of their timeindoors. Actually is recognized the importance of indoor air environment and associatedhealth risks. The harmful effects of aerosols are dependent on certain characteristics such asthe chemical composition and microphysical properties of individual particles, justifying theuse of single-particle analysis.Particle size is an important factor regarding the health problems by particulate matter as itdetermines the site of deposition in the respiratory tract. Adverse health effects of particulatematter are mostly attributed to finer fractions, only smaller particles reach the deepest regionof the lungs, however it has demonstrated that ambient coarse particles may also havenegative effects.In order to evaluate indoor air quality and to characterize the particles in terms of size,composition and morphology were done measurements of the suspended particulate matter inclassrooms of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). These measurements wereperformed using computed-controlled scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energydispersive microanalysis and image digital analysis.The results confirmed the hypothesis of others authors that concentrations of coarse particleswould be more associated with indoor activities while concentrations of smaller particleswould be more correlated with outdoor particulate pollution. Smaller particles penetrate moreeasily trough windows gaps than do large ones.Is very interesting to assess the toxic potential of indoor particles and to develop and teststrategies how to ensure improved indoor air quality. Understanding the particle sizedistribution, composition and morphology of the particles also will proportioned valuableinformation for the identification of the polluting sources and to show that outdoor levels ofparticles influence their indoor concentrations.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 201

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 411FIRE SAFETY VERIFICATION IN BUILDINGS THROUGHPERFORMANCE BASED TECHNIQUES AND NONDESTRUCTIVE CLEAN HOT SMOKEJesús de la Quintana 1 , Fernando Morente, Ramón Ugartetxe, and Jon Aurtenetxe1 Fire and Blast Safety Engineering1 Tecnalia1 e-mail: jq@labein.esKey words: fire safety, building, clean hot smoke test, evacuation, numerical models.AbstractTechnological progress in Fire Safety Engineering is being propelled by increasing publicawareness regarding safety factors and the need to respond to ever more stringent safetyregulations. The fire tests in construction allow to validate, by means of a “verification basedon benefits” the security in case of fire provided by the related building and its systems.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 202

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 412NEW APPROACH TO THE SCENARIO OF AIR POLLUTIONIMPACT ON IMMOVABLE AND MOVABLE CULTURALHERITAGE OBJECTS: THE EUROPEAN PROJECT TEACHBernardi A., García O., and Becherini F.Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Italye-mail: a.bernardi@cnr.isac.itKey words: prioritization, assessment, new instrumentation, air pollution, immovable, movable,cultural heritageAbstractWhen historic buildings and monuments are located in urban environments their exposure tosignificant harmful deterioration caused by different pollutants is inevitable. Industrial, civiland transport emissions produce the so-called multi-pollutants which constitute a majordanger for cultural heritage because of the corrosion and blackening phenomena they cause. Ithas been predicted that the chemical composition of the atmosphere will change and this willlead to new damage processes which will affect surfaces and materials of the historic objects.In this scenario, TeACH aims to identify the major critical pollutants and the best solutions toinvestigate the changing degradation processes, developing new instruments for monitoringand deliver guidelines for a sustainable protection of the cultural heritage. The project focuseson the immovable heritage, at the same time studying the effects on indoor movable heritagefrom a multidisciplinary point of view. The main objectives of the project can be summarizedas follows: to identify multi-pollutants which have a changing impact on the cultural heritageand prioritize the most important ones; to develop new devices and tools and provide acompact and economical kit of instruments for monitoring the outdoor environment and todevelop a tool to forecast damage; to perform field tests in six urban localities in Europe andthe Mediterranean area, with different climate and environmental conditions; to deliverguidelines for the future prioritization of air pollution monitoring for a sustainable protectionof cultural heritage; and to disseminate the project results. TeACH will deliver new andimproved non-destructive technologies for the overall damage assessment, diagnosis andmonitoring of cultural heritage. The final users of the project results will be architects andrestorers, conservators and cultural heritage professionals, public institutes for conservation;policy-makers and curators.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 203

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 414MATERIAL EMISSIONS OF BUILDINGS INTERIORIngrid Šenitková, Tomáš TomčíkDepartment of Indoor Engineering and Building ServicesTechnical University of Košice, Slovakiae-mail: tomas.tomcik@tuke.skKey words: Indoor quality, interior design, materials, TVOCsAbstractIndoor environment especially concerning to interior architecture affect us not only by theirmass, surfaces, color and shapes. Indoor surfaces mostly emit the compounds which havegreat impact on human beings. Growing attention is being paid to indoor air quality as one ofthe main health and well-being factors, also in Slovakia. The Building and EnvironmentalEngineering Institute is concerned to indoor sciences research work within indoorenvironmental engineering orientation of the structural architecture. Today, the buildings aredivided into: very low-polluting, low polluting and not low polluting. The classification ofbuildings is affected by the approach in selecting low emitting materials and restrictingactivities that emit pollutants into the environment of buildings. Therefore, the interiormaterial surfaces selection is important from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurrencepoint of view. The main subject of the last period interest is and the materials emissions.Several office interior surfaces emissions are compared in this study. Comparing performedby chemical analysis and sensory tests using the test chamber. Methodology of materialcomparison is based on the volume of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in the air. Ithas become evident that building materials are the major source of indoor volatile organiccompounds. The indoor air acceptability and indoor air quality concerning to several types ofinterior materials are presented in this case study. The impact of individual materials and theirinteraction effects to the indoor air quality will be discussed within the paper.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 204

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 415ABSORPTION COOLING IN THE ARCHITECTURE OFHUMID REGIONSTalía González Cacho a , Javier Neila González baDepartment of architectureUniversity of the Alcalataliagc@yahoo.combDepartment of constructionMadrid Politechnical Universityfjavier.neila@upm.esKey words: desiccant, dehumidification, reverse osmosis, thermal comfort.AbstractThe use of cooling and dehumidifying devices has become a necessity to provide comfortablespaces. Most of these devices require electrical energy supplied by fuel, as well asrefrigerants; therefore they highly impact global warming. Instead, the use of desiccants helpsto improve air quality and besides, it represents energetic and economical savings. Desiccantsare chemicals with a great affinity for humidity. Liquid desiccants have proved to have betterperformances than solids.It is possible to regenerate the weak solution by heating it; generally this is done with thermalenergy. However, in the present work, reverse osmosis is studied as a new alternative toregenerate the solution. It allows incorporating the system in any geographical zone incontrast with solar regeneration. The solution is passed through a semi-permeable membraneseparating the weak solution into concentrated solution and pure water.The water can be used for the evaporative cooling which works better while the drier is theair. This paper studies absorption cooling with liquid desiccants regenerated by reverseosmosis, as well as different architectonic arrangements, including the proposed coolingsystem, to improve the thermal comfort of internal spaces.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 205

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 416DEFINITION OF LOCAL GEODETIC NETWORKS FORURBAN DEVELOPMENTR. Pereda, E. Castillo, J. M. De Luis and M. L. RuizÁrea de Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad deCantabria. Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander.e-mail: peredar@unican.esKey words: surveying, urban development, GPS, topographic station, leveling, reference system.AbstractAn orderly urban development for planning strategic performances requires a georreferencedsupport. In this sense, in the last few years different municipal corporations have defined anetwork of points with coordinates referred to a reference system.This kind of network is used as support for public works in urban development and it must beupdated and completed periodically.The establishment of a new reference system in Spain for defining the new reference framesdirectly in ETRS89 makes necessary new observations of control points in order to calculatetheir coordinates. If it’s possible it would be appropriate to use GPS, levelling andtopographic stations measurements.This article explains the topographic processes, design criteria and accuracy which arenecessary for establish this kind of networks. We have applied the present methodology to theMunicipal Council of Torrelavega (Cantabria-Spain) with the aim of placing more controlpoints and recalculating the 1998 municipal network.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 206

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 417SMOKE MOVEMENT AND CONTROL FOR FIRES INATRIA: SCALE TESTS AND FIRE COMPUTER MODELING1Jorge A. Capote, 1 Daniel Alvear, 1 Haydee Blanco, 2 Pablo Espina1GIDAI Group, University of Cantabria, Spaincapotej@unican.es; alveard@unican.es; haydee.blanco@unican.es2MSC - Modelado y Simulación Computacional - MSC, S.L., Spainespinap@msc-sl.esKey words: smoke control, atrium, scale tests, fire computer modeling.AbstractFunded by the Spanish Housing Ministry, GIDAI Group (University of Cantabria, Spain) hasdeveloped a Research Project regarding “Scale Tests of Smoke Control for Fires in Atria”, trying tounderstand the involved parameters on Smoke Movement, and for evaluating the efficacy of differentsmoke control approaches - smoke filling, natural venting and mechanical exhaust -. The influence ofthe exterior temperature on natural venting systems has also been studied. Different tools have beenused for every smoke control system and atrium and fire sizes: scale tests - based on the Froude Model-, zone and field fire computer simulations (CFAST and FDS) and analytical methods -. The scale forthe Models was 1/9. Scale atria sizes were 3 m length, 3 m width and of different heights (1.8 m, 2.2 mand 2.7 m), in order to analyze the influence of the atrium height on Smoke Movement. Fire sizeswere 9 kW, 20 kW and 40 kW, corresponding to 2200 kW, 5000 kW and 10000 kW on real scale.Previous tests were developed to select the most adequate fuel (kerosene). To obtain the mass loss rateof fuel and to calculate the heat release rate of fires, load cells were used. To register the temperatures,and to define the smoke layer interface position during the experiments - based on the Emmonsmethod -, different thermocouples trees were installed in atria. This paper presents the obtainedresults. The results of the experimental data, fire computer simulations and analytical calculations arecompared, with the objective of establishing the predictive capacity of these different methods, as wellas establishing the most adequate smoke control approach for every atria size.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 207

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 418ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF ACOMPOSITE SLABFernando Viadero, Alfonso Fernandez-Rincon, Pablo Garcia, Ana de-Juan, Ramon Sancibrian,Miguel IglesiasDepartment of Structural and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Cantabria, Santander, Spaine-mail: iahshousing2010@unican.esKey words: Composite sandwich framework, vibratory response, modal analysisAbstractThe study of the vibratory behaviour of a composite sandwich slab is presented in this work.The interest in this kind of slabs has been widely increased in last years as an alternative tothe conventional solutions used in edification due to the construction time saving it providesamong other advantages. These slabs have low mass to stiffness ratio compared to traditionalsolutions, which causes significant differences in the dynamic behaviour. However, thisaspect has not been sufficiently developed in the building codes. This work mainly deals withthe optimal design of this composite slab in order to guarantee an acceptable response tovibrations induced by the users of the building, which can cause discomfort. With this aim, anexperimental modal analysis of the slab was set up. The most representative modalfrequencies were obtained from these responses. A finite element model of the slab was alsodeveloped in order to assess these results. Finally, sensitivity analyses were performed inorder to obtain an optimum solution.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 208

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 419FIRE REACTION CHARACTERIZATION OFCONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USING FIRE TESTS ANDFIRE MODELSJ. A. Capote, D. Alvear, O. V. Abreu, M. Lázaro and E. PuenteGrupo GIDAI – Seguridad contra Incendios – Investigación y TecnologíaUniversidad de Cantabria (España)Email: capotej@unican.es, alveard@unican.es, abreuo@unican.es, lazarom@unican.es, puentee@unican.esKey words: fire reaction, ignition properties, small scale fire test, fire computer modeling, geneticalgorithms.AbstractThe development of new Fire Safety Regulations in the EU aims to obtain a commonregulation between the country members. These regulations including new tests based on themeasure and the analysis of Heat Release Rate as useful parameter to characterize the ignitionof materials.Fire Computer Models have become an interesting tool to study the fire behavior of materials.With these models, and a suitable set of parameters that define the features of materials,modeling of the fire response of material with a known accuracy can be made. Further, thisprocedure allows establishing both the prediction of the results in simulated scenarios as theestablishment of the technical criteria to the material properties that will be include in thedesign phase of the material.This study is based on the development of a methodology that has got two milestones, thetheoretical analysis and the computational simulations. First, Cone Calorimeter [1] tests werecarried out at different irradiance levels in order to determine both the thermal inertia as theignition temperature of material by the Janssens’ procedure [2]. Next, the computationalmodel of the “Material System” which includes both the physical-chemical properties(density, conductivity and so on) as the fire reaction parameters (chemical chain scheme,activation energies and so on) was performed. There was used the model ‘Fire DynamicsSimulator (FDS)’ developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).The small scale test Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and computational parameteroptimization (evolutionary algorithms) was used to determine the parameters of the “MaterialSystem” characterization.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 209

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 421BUILDING DESIGN AND THERMAL INERTIA: WHEN,WHY, WHERERossano Albatici, Serena PenasaDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Trento, Trento (Italy)e-mail: rossano.albatici@unitn.itKey words: building envelope, thermal comfort, thermal inertia, parametric analysisAbstractIn the last years, building regulation and technical standard concerning energy efficient designand indoor comfort conditions addressed their attention most of all to the thermalcharacteristics of the envelope and to the energy systems. Other aspects of the design processare often underestimated and delegated to the experience and knowledge of single designersas, for example, the building shape (internal and external), the dimension and the materials ofthe building elements.In this context, at the Laboratory of Building Design of the University of Trento a researchhas been carried on whose object is to give useful indication for the design of energy efficientbuildings taking into account some specific parameters between which the position of thethermal mass of both the envelope and the inner horizontal partitions (floors), the windowspercentage on the south façade, the influence of inner heat gain, of shutters, of night passiveventilation.In particular, a single family house has been designed as prototype building to be studied bymeans of parametric analysis with dynamic state modeling. The influence of thermal inertia(in particular the superficial thermal capacity and the periodic thermal transmittance) has beenanalyzed in different configuration considering the users activity in the building (withparticular reference to the use of shutters) and the thermal transmittance of the buildingenvelope as invariant.The building presents a rectangular plant given by the sum of simple squared modules, themain axis has a east-west direction and, in the so called “base configuration”, the windowssurface of the south façade is the 30% of the overall surface.Comparing the hourly trend of indoor air temperature in the base configuration with the onesin the others configurations, the maximum, minimum and average deviation in different hoursof the day have been evaluated considering the dynamicity of the envelope and the influenceon inner comfort conditions using, during summer period, the adaptive comfort theory.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 210

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 422NURSING HOME FOR PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVEDISABILITIES: COMFORT AND SAFETY USING SMARTDEVICES.Chiogna M., Frattari A.Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of the Trento, Italye-mail: michela.chiogna@ing.unitn.itKey words: smart devices, cognitive disabilities, nursing homeAbstractNowadays using smart devices it is possible to optimize the indoor comfort in the buildings:temperature control, shading level, artificial lighting use can fit automatically the user needsand at the same time reduce the energy consumption. Many existing examples, alreadymonitored and analyzed, can demonstrate the efficiency of automation control system.One important new application of smart technology is its use in nursing home, especiallywhen specific cognitive problems of the user have to be considered. In order to design andrealize solutions able to improve the stay and the quality of life in health care institutions, theassistive and smart technologies have a fundamental role.The CUnEdI (University Center for Intelligent Building) of the University of Trento hasdeveloped a methodology of participated interdisciplinary design using smart devices fordisabled users, specifically people with cognitive disabilities. It involves directly and activelyin almost all phases of design delegates of different fields (health, social-aid, construction,technological) in order to share the specific competences to get a global and not partial result.In this paper will be described the case study of Villa Maria nursing home, where aninnovative supervision software has been used in order to guarantee an high safety level andbetter comfort conditions to the patients. Presence sensor in order to detect the patient’smovement twenty-four hours a day, local alarm and remote touch screen in order to helpnurses monitoring simultaneously in all the building are the main safety solutions introduced.Heating and cooling system are automatically controlled and the temperature color andintensity of artificial light has been regulated in order to optimized the natural feeling of thesun light differently in each room, respecting the personal user’s sensitivity. In additionspecific room for the lighting color therapy as been design as training room.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 211

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 425PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM SUPPORT FOR THE HEATPUMPM. Kušnír, P. Kapalo, Z. VranayováDepartment of building and environmental engineeringTechnical University in Košicee-mail: marek.kusnir@tuke.comKey words: photovoltaic system, heat pumpAbstractThe issue of dependence on fossil types of energies gradually forcing people to think aboutalternative energy sources. At some time, our energy sources will be exhausted and thereforemankind has a formidable task. This task is to find renewable energy sources that need to besufficiently transformed to other energies in the future that will replace the current types ofenergy.One alternative source of energy is energy derived directly from the Sun. Solar energy hasenormous potential for its use. Currently, we make full use of only a small fraction of theenergy that falls on Earth's surface. This solar energy can be transformed into various types ofenergy. The most common conversion of solar energy is to thermal energy or electricity.Electricity arises with conversion of solar energy through photovoltaic cells.Another alternative energy source is geothermal energy, energy of the earth. To use this typeof energy we are using heat pump. Heat pumps can increase the value of geothermal energy inthe intermediate input of electric power.This article will address the interaction with photovoltaic system and heat pump. Percentageutilization of the proposed photovoltaic system and heat pump.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 212

TOPIC V – DESIGN FOR HOUSE PROJECTS.TOPIC VDESIGN FOR HOUSE PROJECTS• CRITERIA OF DESIGN.• METHODS AND MATERIALS.• NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION.• EARTHQUAKES RESISTANT BUILDINGS.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 213

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 501THE DILEMMA OF HIGH INCOME RESIDENTIALCOMPOUNDS DESIGN IN EGYPT WITH RESPECT TOFINISHING MATERIALSNagwa H. Sherif*, Ahmed H. Sherif, Marwa M. Lamei*Professor of ArchitectureConstruction and Architectural Engineering Department, American University in Cairo, Egyptnsherif@aucegypt.edu.egKeywords: culture, housing, preferences, finishing material, new urban communities, CairoAbstractThis research addresses an important economic and social problem related to the large amount ofinvestment in the new communities around Cairo. Potential villa buyers in new developments are notgenerally satisfied with the finishes of their villas. Most users make substantial changes in finishes,resulting in a huge waste of resources. It was found that 68.5 % of the respondents made changes intheir homes at different stages and for different reasons.This paper aimed at identifying the needs and preferences of the new housing communities' users inregards to the finishing materials of their houses. In order to achieve this aim, two objectives weredefined:1) Identify the different finishing materials that were chosen for various house components.2) Identify the reasons for selecting finish materials for various house componentsThis study developed survey tools that assess the presence of a trend for finish materials’ choice. Theassessment performed was based on the following hypothesis:“Each socio-economic class in a certain culture has common requirements that form a trend in theirchoices of finishes”Relevant literature was reviewed. A brief account of the housing problem in Egypt was presentedalong with the different solutions that the government in cooperation with the private sector sought.The shape of the house and its development from simple shelters to apartments and luxurious villaswas discussed in addition to the interrelation between culture and environment and their effect onhuman behavior and different people's needs and wants. Since the society is divided into varioussocioeconomic sectors, the upper socioeconomic class was the target group for this research andconsequently a description of this category of the society was presented in terms of sociological ideas.In order to correctly analyze the different people's choices, characteristics and uses of different internalfinishing materials that are commonly used in housing projects were discussed and identified.The conclusions of this research were grouped into one main theme: 1) choice of finish materials andreasons. Several comparisons were performed to develop a form of a trend for the respondents'choices. The main comparisons were versus various age groups, income groups, educationalbackground groups, and gender.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 214

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 502A GENERATIVE TOOL FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOUSESBelinda Torus 1 , Sinan Mert Sener 21 Res. Assistant, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and DesignBahcesehir Universitye-mail: belindatorus@gmail.com2 Assoc. Prof., Department of Architecture, Faculty of ArchitectureIstanbul Technical Universitye-mail: smertsener@gmail.comKey words: design tool development, generative design, housing, mass customizationAbstractRecently generative tools have been one of the most interesting points in design. Rapidgenerations by these generative tools provide design optimized solutions and especially inbuildings with repetitive functions, it can be used efficiently. Housing projects are one ofthese types of projects that can be generated computationally. This way of generatingalternatives also supports mass customization.We use concepts of generative design and mass customization to develop a generative toolthat can help the designer to generate abstract plan alternatives for row-houses. In this paper,the chosen relations and parameters are introduced briefly. The spatial relations are centeredon the core of this tool. The sizes of the lot and the number of houses are the basicparameters. With these simple rules and basic parameters, the development of the tool isdescribed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 215

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 503INTERPRETING CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURETHROUGH FENG-SHUIA. CelikerDepartment of Interior ArchitectureCyprus International University, Nicosia, N. Cyprus e-mail: aceliker@ciu.edu.trKey words: architectural space, human-being, criteria of design, feng-shui, quality of lifeAbstractThe main task of architecture is to create relevant spaces for people for determined functions.Aspects like culture, social behavior patterns and lifestyle, as well as materials, productiontechniques and structural systems, are causes of the ever-changing nature of architecture, justlike life itself. Throughout this continuous evolution and change, architecture has had as itsprimary objective the creative organization of materials and forms. This creative process isultimately part of a mutual relationship with the aforementioned parameters. Feng-shui, on theother hand, is closely relative to the natural environment – a relationship based on theempirical observation of the land form consistent with the flow of chi (living energy) innature to achieve well being. This paper explains the role of feng-shui principles oncontemporary architecture and interprets the influence of feng-shui on human well being.Requisitioning architecture and various perspectives regarding the role of feng-shuiprinciples, considering creativity, design, and most of all ‘human well being’ is the mainconcern of this paper. It shows how feng-shui with its strictly set principles can be applied tothe buildings without limiting the creativity of designer, arguing that these principles are forwell being. One of the contemporary architecture examples of applied feng-shui buildingshas been analyzed with visual images; principles and concepts of feng-shui such as locationthat considers mountains/buildings and waterways/roads; direction; plot shape and buildingform; design layout that covers internal factors such as ceilings, columns and beams, stairs,corners, doors and windows; and other factors such as light, color and plants. Regarding theapplication of feng-shui principles, the effects on well being of human is recapitulated. Thisstudy will have a destination point to combine the issues of feng-shui with architecturaldesign.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 216

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 507EXPLORING NEW FORMS OF LIVING IN THE CITY OFISTANBULT. Oya Ekmekci, Pelin DursunDepartment of ArchitectureIstanbul Technical Universityekmekcit@itu.edu.tr, dursunpe@itu.edu.trKey words: urban life, hybrid housing environments, IstanbulAbstractFinding solutions for increasing housing needs and creating living environments that willsustain a comfortable quality of life remain major design tasks for architects. Quality, density,affordability, ecology, sustainability, technology, creativity and security appear as criticalissues in this process.Turkey is in a process of rapid development, a process that is resulting in an overwhelmingneed for additional housing. During the last decade, the most pervasive approach to solvingthis problem has been the introduction of new concepts of habitat into the urban fabrics.These new concepts are based on the creation of hybrid developments that include housing,shopping centers, offices and sports and entertainment facilities. These new forms of livingalso create a new urban culture by providing a medium in which social interaction betweenman and his urban life is redefined.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 217

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 508GLOBAL DYNAMICS AND NEW RESIDENTIALDEVELOPMENTS IN ISTANBUL: TRENDS ANDEXPECTATIONSHülya Turgut *, Neslihan Aydın Yönet** Belinda Torus**,* Bahcesehir University Faculty of Design and Architecture , Department of Architecture, Istanbul, Turkeye-mail: turguth1@gmail.com** Bahcesehir University Faculty of Design and Architecture , Department of Architecture, Istanbul, Turkeye-mail: naydin@bahcesehir.edu.tr** Bahcesehir University Faculty of Design and Architecture , Department of Architecture, Istanbul, Turkeye-mail: belindatorus@gmail.comKey words: city dynamics; urban housing; change; continuity; spatial transformations; gatedcommunitiesAbstractSince world is in a state of flux, nowadays urban environments become the most importantthing in the reflections of these changes. It is discussed that the globalization process haseffected and caused the major transformation of the cities. The problems emerging from thistransformation bring along many new needs in urban environments therefore the issue ofrestructuring of the urban environments has arisen. In recent decades, Istanbul’s socio-culturaland urban identities have been undergoing radical transformation. Since the beginning of the1980s, the city has been driven by the intricate effects of transformation includingglobalization, liberalizing economy, rapid urbanization and technological advances. Thedevelopment of housing areas and the creation of the environment are therefore being formedunder the effect of a confused interaction between globalization and the city’s own history.Within this context, the paper attempts to shed light on this important issue by, particularly,making reference to the dynamics, which are in interaction with the urban housing and howthey are shaped within today’s global restructuring process. And to study the concepts thatarise within this interaction in a conceptual framework. Based on an ongoing research on“new urban housing concepts”, the paper begins by conceptualizing the notion ofglobalization, which is regarded as the main concept triggering the change and its relationshipwith the city. Also the meaning of home has changed as a consequence of globalizationprocess. A conceptual framework is developed and explained schematically in an attempt toprovide explanations to the emerging new housing trends and preferences under the globalrestructuring process. Within the theoretical aspects of the framework the changes in globalrestructuring process, along with today’s urban dynamics presented and the new meaning, useof home, preferences are introduced as the effecting factors of the new housing trends andpreferences. By using evidence from the various cases from Istanbul, the connection ofcomponents laid in the framework is emphasized and their interactions assessed. Thisprovides a good platform upon which to discuss the issues of emerging residential patterns,dynamics of the city and the dialectics of home extent to which the emerging phenomenon ofgated communities poses a threat to the evolutionary pattern of the city.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 218

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 509THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF VENTILATEDFACADES UNDER REAL CONDITIONS USING PASLINKTEST CELLSErkoreka A. 1 , Flores I. 1 , Escudero C. 1 , Garcia C. 2 , Sala J.M. 11 Department of Thermal EngineeringUniversity of the Basque Country, Alda. Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao (Spain)e-mail: Aitor.Erkoreka@ehu.es2 Laboratory for the Quality Control in BuildingsBasque Government, C/ Aguirrelanda nº 10, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain)e-mail: termica@ej-gv.esKey words: ventilated façade, thermal behaviour, PASLINK test cellAbstractA ventilated façade might be a good option to improve the energy eficiency of a building.Thermal bridges and moisture problems can also be effectively avoided with this type ofsolution. These façades can be combined with the ventilation system; during the cold seasonthe air is heated through the ventilated chamber and then introduced into the building.However, in many cases the real thermal behaviour of this kind of constructive solution isunknown, especially if one considers that testing equipments like the guarded or calibratedhot boxes are based on steady state tests and do not take into consideration the effect of solarradiation. To correctly characterize these types of solutions is necessary to test them underreal conditions (considering the dynamic conditions and the solar radiation). One of the mostappropriate equipments for these purpose are the PASLINK test cells.This paper will describe the two PASLINK test cells of the “Laboratorio de Control deCalidad en la Edificación (LCCE)” (Laboratory for the Quality Control in Buildings) of theBasque Government for testing walls and roofs under real conditions. The methodology usedto test and characterize a specific ventilated façade will be also discussed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 219

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 510HEALING FACTOR IN HOUSING DESIGN FOR ELDERLY –SINGAPORE PARADIGM FOR THE FUTUREDr Ruzica Bozovic–StamenovicDepartment of ArchitectureNational University of Singaporee-mail: akibsr@nus.edu.sgKey words: healing, homelike, elderly, assisted living, hospiceAbstractWith global concerns over ageing population new paradigm for appropriate housing forelderly becomes paramount. <strong>World</strong>wide decline in average hospital stay led to the idea ofhousing the elderly in healing ambiences to allow ageing in place. The acclaimed sanitogenicapproach to design, as opposed to conventional pathogenic, generate design solutions thatreach beyond sanitation, safety and sick building syndrome. The primary purpose of thisstudy is to trace healing design properties in new housing developments and proposals, and todiscuss their relevance for elderly.Our main objective is to demonstrate how aged users could benefit from new, paradigmatichousing spaces planned for developed, tropical Singapore. We focus our investigation onthree typical new housing clusters. First topic is elderly living in new, high rise-high densityhousing developments characteristic for extensive presence of greenery. We argue thatenvironmental features boost social life of mature inhabitants and prevent isolation. Secondcluster are spaces for assisted living and hospices, notorious for social controversies regardinghomelike ambiences. We point that universal guidelines need adjustment to specific climaticand cultural circumstances of the local context. The third cluster is local social housing,current home for the majority of elderly population. Here, the necessary reconstruction andupgrading of older estates open possibilities for creating health promoting spaces. Way ofachieving this is engagement of all senses and psycho-physical abilities through application ofspecific materials, colors, plants and other space features meant to physically and mentallystimulate and activate the elderly thus improving their health.In conclusion we argue that housing design for elderly has to contribute to their wellbeing byresponding to social, economic and aesthetic demands. With engagement of bio–technologiesand new, nature driven design features and building systems, housing thus represents morethan just a safe shelter and turns into a motivating healing device for new generation ofelderly.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 220

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 512“THE GAP BETWEEN SCHOOL AND PRACTICE” (An essayon the difference between young architecture graduate’s skills andtheir future employers expectations)Fernando Silva PinheiroDepartamento de TecnologiasFaculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de LisboaKey words : School, practice, knowledge, theory, reality, first job.Abstract37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 221

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 513A SURVEY OF ISTANBUL: NEW HOUSİNG SETTLEMENTSAND MARKETİNG STRATEGİESEfsun Ekenyazıcı GüneyDepartment of Architecture and DesignUniversity of Bahçeşehir, İstanbule-mail: efsun.ekenyazici@bahcesehir.edu.trKey words: Istanbul, housing, gated community, media, marketing strategyAbstractSince 1980s, İstanbul is subject to a significant transformation process in several layers ofurban platform, related with global dynamics. It can be stated that the multiplicity occured inthe housing settlement types is one of these layers of urban platform. The housing whichappears to meet the demand of sheltering fundamentally, joined to the parameters which helpto create rentability, to determine social status, to define identity by relating a number ofdifferent contexts as economic, political and sociological with the effect of globalization andglobal city discourses. In this context, different housing settlements such as suburbanizations,gated communities, residences are started to be established in Istanbul as alternatives totraditional neighborhood configuration and also structures in the gentrification areas arestarted to be reconsidered with alternative life concepts. This study aims to examinemarketing strategies of some of these new housing settlements which are shown in media.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 222

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 514NEW OPENİNGS FOR ENERGY REGULATİONS TOWARDSTO OPTİMİZATİON OF BUİLDİNG PERFORMANCEM. Basciu, C. Loggia, V. TramontinDepartment of ArchitectureVia Corte d’Appello n.37University of Cagliarie-mail: mbasciu@unica.it, cloggia@unica.it, vtramontin@unica.itKey words: energy regulation, efficiency, renewable resources, energy certificate, greenhouseemissionsAbstractThe Energy Performance Building Directive (2002/91/EC) imposes on member State toachieve a specific aim of reducing energy consumption and eliminating wastage.The energy performance should be expressed in a transparent manner and may include notonly a CO2 emission indicator or, as the proposals for recast of the Directive remarks, anindicator for primary energy demand.The Italian regulation have already imposed since 2005 for new buildings a maximum level ofprimary energy for heating demand. However, envelope performance indicators, as energyuse for space heating demand or a maximum U-value, aren’t directly required for newbuildings. Consequently, the Italian energy certificate provides only information about theprimary energy consumption for space heating and hot water, without including anyspecification about performance of the building fabrics and envelope.Otherwise, the evaluation criteria for the Passivhaus standard require both a maximum levelof specific space heating demand and a maximum level of primary energy consumption. Theheating and cooling systems life time is shorter than the building elements one and buildingscan change his technical systems several times. It is important to remember that the newtechnical system can be more efficient or less efficient than the previous and also can usefossil fuel or renewable resources. Therefore, to achieve a overall quality control ofsustainable building design, it is fundamental to express clearly the performance of buildingfabrics compared to the variability of the HVAC systems.The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, comparing some cases study with different types ofclassification, that there is not always a direct relationship between low primary energyconsumption and good quality of construction and building fabrics. Consequently, energyclassification must include building components performance to ensure a real accurate controlof the sustainability in construction.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 223

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 516EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OF MASONRYSTRUCTURES WITH NATURAL FIBERSA. Emami 1 , E. Fehling 2 , and M. Schlimmer 31HOCHTIEF Consult Infrastructure, Essen, Germany2University of Kassel, Institute of Structural Engineering, Kassel, Germany3 WWV Consulting Forschung Klebtechnik GmbH, Baunatal, GermanyKey words: External strengthening, natural fibers, earthquakes, masonry structures, seismic retrofit,fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)AbstractMasonry construction has a very long tradition and is the most commonly used type ofconstruction. Because of its simple and economical production it will continue to be of majorimportance also in the future. In particular, its properties in terms of building physics ensurethat it remains economically relevant. Nevertheless, low tensile, flexible, and shear loadbearing capacity can be a great disadvantage of masonry. In countries with high earthquakerisk and social and economic problems, construction materials of poor quality are being usedquite often. Especially in rural areas, use is made of bricks and mortar of low tensile strengthclasses that are hardly used any longer in Europe. The masonry panels used as braces in oneand two storey constructions are hardly able to withstand earthquake loads and display a lowshear capacity. Since other types of construction are impossible to apply for economic andecological reasons, these constructions should be strengthened retrospectively after they havebeen erected. One method used in recent years is the retrospective strengthening using fibrecomposites applied adhesively to the masonry surface. The most commonly used fibres arecarbon fibres (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced synthetic materials (GFRP). These materialsin combination with synthetic resin systems are already common for example in Switzerlandand the USA, but because of their high cost and low availability are hardly used inearthquake regions with economic problems, such as in the Near and Middle East or LatinAmerica. In addition, modern reinforcement materials such as CFRP and GFRP are too rigidfor "weak" masonry and can lead to compatibility problems. For this reason, clearly lessexpensive materials that are adapted to properties of the masonry described are necessary.Natural fibres in combination with filler compound of an epoxy resin base or epoxy resinenriched fine filler on a cement base can, for both cost and compatibility reasons, provide avery attractive alternative. Test results on masonry strengthened with such natural fibretextiles and theoretical investigations as well as a pilot application to the <strong>World</strong> CulturalHeritage site Arg é Bam (Iran) will be presented. The research whose results are reported inthis contribution was conducted at the Institute for Materials Engineering (Professor M.Schlimmer) of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in cooperation with the Institute ofStructural Engineering (Professor E. Fehling) of the Faculty of Civil Engineering at theUniversity of Kassel. The pilot project at the world heritage site was implemented by the firstauthor in a period of self employment with the support of UNESCO and Sika Schweiz AG.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 224

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 517ITALIAN ANTI-SEISMIC LEGISLATION AND BUILDINGRESTORATIONA. BellicosoDepartment of Architecture and UrbanismUniversity of L’Aquila - Italye-mail: alessandra.bellicoso@univaq.itKey words: anti-seismic legislation, building restoration, historic and architectonic patrimony,evolution, operating meansAbstractThe study of the evolution of Italian anti-seismic legislation reveals the strategies and meansof operating that have influenced and characterized the restoration of historical buildings inItaly.This work looks at some of the most important steps in anti-seismic legislation from theunification of Italy to the present day, with the aim of highlighting how legislation reflects thetechnical culture of differing periods, influencing the work practices involved in therestoration of the historical building patrimony, and how legislation has slowly changed toincorporate a growing interest in the safeguarding and conservation of the historical andarchitectonic patrimony.Safety legislation, in fact has often led to the incorporation of invasive structural elements thatare out of place with respect to the original building tissue. In the first half of the last century,the impossibility of applying the models of modern science to stone buildings led to thetransformation into frame-schemes through the insertion of new resistant structures. The 1908Norms amended over time then led to the passing of Law 64/74.The Law and decrees that followed have focussed on new construction and only marginallyon the problems linked to work on existing structures although the most recent decrees issuedby the Ministry of Public Works have shown a growing awareness of this theme which isgaining more interest on a cultural and scientific level, introducing the concept of “upgrading”as an alternative to “anti-seismic retrofitting” and as natural means of acting on monumentalbuildings.The most recent legislation includes the Ordinance of the President of the Council ofMinisters n° 3274/03 and its amendments, and “Technical norms for construction” (Decree ofthe Ministry of Infra-structure and Transport n° 159 dated 14/9/2005), updated with theDecree of the Ministry of Infra-structure dated 14/1/12008.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 225

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 518BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING -EXAMPLES ANDARCHITECTURAL EFFECTS-Olcay ÇetinerDepartment of ArchitectureYıldız Technical Universitye-mail: cetinero@yahoo.co.ukKey words: Building Information Modeling, Applications of Architecture, BIM Software, Team ofBIM, Technology/Changing.AbstractBuilding Information Modeling are the building design solutions that are developed byapplying information technology in the construction sector and the systems generated withthese solutions. Building Information Modeling (BIM) enables higher quality designs to beperformed in less time and with lower cost. The systems provide architects and engineers towork simultaneously on the same building model which helps preventing errors caused by thelack of interdisciplinary coordination. Modeling usage provides benefits not only to thedesigner, but also to the contractors and customers.Also effects process changes, selection of the project team and distribution of skills andexperiences needed for design and project planning. BIM team should be organizedconsidering tasks such as; project management, content creation, building design anddocumentation. BIM can provide a large number of design and project related benefits.Transition to the Building Information Modeling is a change and that is why applicationplanning, personnel and training activities should be conducted carefully.In the study, are examined in terms of the effects of the Building Information Modeling toArchitecture with examples.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 226

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 519INFLUENCE OF BUILDING CODES AND SITE CONDITIONSON THE ALTERATION OF A TYPICAL LOW-COSTHOUSING DESIGN CONSEQUENT ALTERATION OFCRIME RISK LEVELSR. Montagna *, E. Pandolfi ,** R.M. Barboni ****Professor of Building Technology, Dep.t of DACS, Politechnical University of Marche Italye-mail: r.montagna@univpm.it;** E.R.A.P. (public houses Institute) of Province of Pesaro-Urbino e-mail ettopand@libero.it*** Professor of Criminology, Dep.t “Collegio Dottori 1506”, University ‘C.Bò’ Urbino Italye-mail: rita.barboni@uniurb.itKey words: standardized housing design, building codes, alterations; crime risk levels.AbstractAs a component of the process of rationalization, low-cost housing Institutions, as well asmajor investment companies, commonly reuse a typical design as a standard. The goal of thisprocedure is to obtain cheaper costs both in the construction and in the maintenance of anhomogeneous lot of buildings.The paper shows that, nevertheless an identical design being proposed in different towns, thefinal results are buildings with a different aspect. This is mainly due to the influence ofbuilding codes of the urban plan of the specific town, and to the site conditions, such as streetorientation, ground inclination and so on.As a result the paper offers the ability to manage the external factors on a standard design(with the afore said scale vantages) though the formal view looks different. This may beconsidered a further cheap vantage that aims to obtain a personalization in town design.A second, but not secondary result, comes from the evaluation of the different risk levels,under crime protection perspective, obtained by alteration of the original typical design.According to the type of alteration, crime risk levels may increase or decrease. 11 Chapters 1-4 are written by prof. Montagna & Pandolfi, chapters 5-7 are written by prof. Barboni37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 227

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 520FIRE RESISTANCE ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE BEAMSTRUCTURE WITH A NEW SIMPLIFIED METHODMiguel Chichorro GonçalvesDepartment of Civil EngineeringUniversity of the Porto, Portugale-mail: miguelcg@fe.up.ptKeywords: reinforced concrete sections, high temperatures, SimFIRb, bending capacity.AbstractThis paper describes a simplified calculation method named SimFIRb "Simplified Fire Resistance -Beam" developed for the determination of the bending capacity of reinforced concrete beam sectionssubjected to high temperatures [1]. The paper presents the results of several numerical simulationsperformed with the method on concrete beam sections similar to the ones used in common buildingconstruction. The features of this method are compared with the simplified methods presented in EC2part 1.2, [2]; the 500ºC isotherm method and the Zone method and the results commented.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 228

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 521GRACEFULNESS OF CONSTRUCTIVE MATTER WITHINCONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTONIC CONCEPTIONBárbara Rangel 1 , Vítor Abrantes 2 , Fernando Brandão Alves 31Assistente, 2Prof. Catedrático, 3Prof. AssociadoFEUP – DEC – SCCbrangel@fe.up.pt, abrantes@fe.up.pt, alves@fe.up.ptKey words: architecture, matter and form, construction designAbstractThe adoption of the building constructive matter as the expressive language in a project ofarchitecture is becoming increasingly common.Now that technological problems are ever more resolved it is possible to go back to theessence of the building feat through understanding how to 'draw' each constructive system.The aim is to reinforce the formal gracefulness of each architectonic object by looking intothe features of the building constructive matter, as if working in a lab of textures, forms andcolours.Through that identification of the constructive matter, and although within a recognisedcontemporary language, the buildings aim to restore a regional identity that was being lost tothe globalising trends of the 90s architecture.Each project researches for the indigenous materials and technologies, using traditionalconstructive technologies as architectural drawing tools.From timber, to stone, to concrete, the works of Peter Zumthor, Herzog & DeMeuron and ofEduardo Souto Moura, for example, show evidence of that constant search in projects all overthe world. Zumthor uses timber to build the ephemeral pavilion in the Hanover fair and uses amass of concrete in the Bruder klaus field chapel. Herzog& DeMeuron work with brick inChina, volcanic stone in Tenerife and gabion in the United States. And Souto Moura looks forthe plastic capacity of each matter in each house, i.e. in Alcanena works with bricks, inNevogilde learns from the stone masonry, and in Ponte de Lima thrusts the capacity limits ofconcrete.In opposite social contexts, the practice of Alejandro Aravena, in Chile, has been exploringthe capacity of the materials within economically deprived areas, in particular in the ongoingsocial housing project ‘ELEMENTAL’.This article aims to study and understand these new architectonic trends that look for thearchitectonic drawing drive within the constructive matter.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 229

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 523STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, WITH DIFFERENTINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, OF BUILDINGSSUBJECTED TO SEISMIC LOADSMª Carmen García, Carlos FernándezDepartment of Research & Development (CYPE Ingenieros)e-mail: imasd@cype.comKeywords: seismic standards, seismic action, modal spectral analysis, amount of earthquakereinforcement, seismic shearAbstractThis article provides an analysis of a software-modelled reinforced concrete residentialbuilding, which has characteristics that would allow it to be constructed in different countries.The model was subjected to a high level of earthquake loading with properties specific to itssite of construction. Using applicable and compatible earthquake and reinforced concretecodes, results were obtained and compared.The comparison results range from the consideration of seismic forces to the quantities ofsteel reinforcement required to strengthen the structural elements by examining their impactper square meter.In this study, CYPECAD, a software program from CYPE Ingenieros (http://www.cype.com),was used as a tool for calculating the seismic response of the structure according to theseismic codes from a selection of countries in Europe, Northern Africa, and South and CentralAmerica.It was concluded that the seismic action depends heavily on the definition of the spectrum andthe variability of the seismic factors considered according to each code, and that the Americancodes are more restrictive in terms of reinforcement requirements than the European codes.Furthermore, it was demonstrated that CYPECAD serves as an effective and powerful tool inobtaining results for the seismic analysis and design of structures.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 230

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 525THE AESTHETICS IN MASS HOUSINGDr. Vladimir BrezarFaculty of ArchitectureUniversity of LjubljanaSloveniaKey words: aesthetics, mass housing, tasteAbstractMass housing appears in two different forms: as organized, high-rise residential districts and as selfbuilt,suburban complexes of detached houses. The residents in high-rise blocks of flats maintain acritical attitude: they call their living environment “ugly, monotone, and dull” and yearn to acquire ahome of their own. The urban sprawl of detached houses is criticized constantly by architecturalprofessionals as being “ugly, self-imposing, and kitsch.” In both cases, the words they use to criticizeare words encapsulated within the simple term aesthetics. Aesthetics, a philosophy regarding beautyand good taste, is a human cultural invention. Classical styles of architecture were about designingbeautiful buildings, but the industrial revolution and the modern movements have put forward newdefinitions of beauty (similarly to other forms of art).In mass housing, there are several factors that contribute to the general aesthetic lack of appeal,described as ugliness:• The quantity and concentration of buildings;• The industrial construction methods;• The human needs being defined by measurable terms only;• The advanced technologies that allow for an “everything is possible” philosophy;• The worldwide media influence’s promotion of “globalization of taste.”37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 231

TOPIC VI – URBAN AND CITY PLANNING.TRANSPORT POLICIES.TOPIC VIURBAN AND CITY PLANNING.TRANSPORT POLICIES.• MOUNTAINOUS ZONES.• THE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE. WATER RESOURCESMANAGEMENT.• PLANNING OF THE SUSTAINABILITY.• TOPOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS.• ECOLOGICAL ESTABLISHMENTS.• POLICIES OF HOUSE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION.• POLICIES AND PROGRAMS OF HOUSE FOR CONSTRUCTION OFTHE NATION.• TRANSPORTS IN CITIES.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 232

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 601SEGREGATED COMMUNITIES AS A PRODUCT OF A NEWURBAN MODEL; THE CASE OF NEW CAIROMazin M. AbdulkarimDepartment of Architectural Engineering & Environmental DesignArab Academy for Science & Technology & Maritime Transporte-mail: mazin_abdulkarim@hotmail.comKey words: exclusive gated communities, socio-spatial segregation, housing typologies, new citymodel, urban territorialityAbstractUndergoing massive transformations, cities have been receiving an increasing interest andcriticism over their dynamics and formation for many years now. Fragmented housing, highluxurygated communities, extraterritorial spaces and practices, as well as the breakdown ofstate amenities and services, all break the geography of cities and dissect existing urban fabricall over the world. On the other hand, we continue to build ‘NEW’ models for urbanagglomerations like the growth in the gulf region or in China. These new cities, promising animproved lifestyle, are built on refuge and segregation as a paradigm, and pose a new kind ofurbanism. This ‘new’ model of urban environment can be defined as decentralized,heterogeneous, and radically different from traditional definitions of the city in its spatialorganization and patterns of growth.New models of urban typologies (gated communities / exclusive public spaces...etc.) are atthe core of the city ideology, seeking spatial control and financial incentives, aiming toexaggerate its exclusivity, it forms its identity, and its physicality through its spaces. Housingbecomes the most fundamentally challenged topic under this new model, where socioeconomic,spatial, or even ethnic minority segregation is manifested by new aesthetics ofwalls and barriers.This research will look at this rising model for urban agglomerations, its policies and growthprocess, and the failure of control regulations. It will engage the new models of housing inthese situations, their goals and their pitfalls focusing on the case study of New Cairo inEgypt. It will discuss the barrier/wall condition as an initiator for social interaction instead ofpreventer, and how it redefines our understanding of building typology itself. It will furtheraim to reveal the different meanings, potentials and dangers in this emerging urban model ofterritoriality37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 233

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 602INNOVATION VS. MIMICRY IS THE INTEGRATION OFNEW ARCHITECTURE IN HISTORICAL AREAS POSSIBLE?José María Páez Mañá, ArchitectCouncil of Culture, Tourism and SportGovernment of CantabriaE-mail: sanchez_mlui@gobcantabria.esKey words: Mimicry, CTE, building regulations, Heritage.AbstractIn this paper, the author raises the issue to <strong>Congress</strong> of the problems that exist in makinginterventions aimed at the restoration of historic buildings and monuments. On the one hand,he argues that any project, from the very beginning of the restoration process, must be basedupon the concept of maintaining use compatibility, while not producing architecture thatbecomes banal and meaningless. However, to achieve this, a contradiction exists, as a projectmust satisfy two contradictory sets of regulations: Firstly, regulations for the protection ofhistoric buildings and monuments, which always favor maintaining the original buildingwork. And secondly, Building Regulations applicable throughout Spain through theimplementation of the CTE Technical Code which will, without doubt, require a substantialalteration of the property.In other words, if the solution comes in the way to maintain the original building like amuseum’s piece the refurbishment should haven’t touch the structures, inside and outconfiguration, and all significants details that represent the historic development of themonument throughout its differents periods. Of course introducing the necessary repairs andreinforcements conducting to guarantee that building remain stable.But, it we pretend to introduce a new use, or the same it doesn’t matter, in orther to give backthe life into the monument (inherent condition to have the true arquitecture) then you must tocarry out one hundred of different Regulations not only about coefficients of the SecurityCodes but about Protection against Five, Emergency Exits, Health and Habitabilityconditions, Protection against noise. Disables access, etc., etc., etc. The necessaryrefurbishment will be so aggressive that perhaps nothing rest from the ancient monument.As a result, architects are faced with finding a seemingly impossible solution, or the authorityresponsible for the work must simply accept CTE non-compliance in order to meet theprotection criteria.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 234

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 605THE URBAN HOUSING MARKET: REVISITING INDIANMETROPOLITAN SCENARIOSubrata Chattopadhay a , Taraknath Mazumder b and Anand Patil caProfessor, Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurbAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurcProject Associate, Centre of Environmental Planning and Technology, AhmedabadKey words: Residential Choice, Housing typology, Location, Ownership patter, Correlation, TargetIncome GroupAbstractThis study investigates the correlation between the variables viz. geographical, social,economic and a hybrid of the three; on residential choice. Residential choice includes choiceof location, choice of type of dwelling unit and choice of ownership. The target groupconsidered for the study is a middle income group (MIG) with a range of monthly householdincome between 10,000 to 50,000 Indian Rupees (INR). The motivation of the study lies infinding an optimal and sustainable allocation of land and other resources for residentialfunctions according to the responsiveness of changing urban housing demand in metropolitancities – particularly for middle income groups.The other income brackets, namely economically weaker section (EWS), lower income group(LIG) and higher income group (HIG), have been deliberately kept outside the scope of thestudy as income groups are extremely elastic in India and merit completely differentapproaches. Thus, affordability and enabling strategies, is of uppermost importance for EWSand LIG, while non-priced items i.e. individual preferences, image of a locality etc. aresignificant for HIG. Whereas, the mid range with its increasing purchasing power, forms asignificant bandwidth in the 1.1 billion population of the country. It is increasingly targetedby the Multi-National-Companies (MNCs) of Fast-Moving-Consumer-Goods (FMCGs), aswell as, the housing-market players. The study would be relevant to various actors includingamong others - policy makers, real estate developers, planners and researchers. It will helppolicy makers formulate strategies to analyze future growth directions of a city, conditions ofurban sprawl and re-densification. It will enable the real estate developers to come up with theright mix of housing typologies as well as their appropriate pricing. It can also provide keyinputs to the planners for land use planning and zoning as well as re-evaluation ofdevelopment control guidelines. The study will also offer a scope to review the changingresponsiveness of housing demand to various parameters, over time. The study is based on theresearch findings carried across two metropolitan cities, Nagpur and Kolkata, over a period oftwo decades, 1990 -2008.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 235

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 606COMPARATIVE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONALMANSIONS AND MODERN VILLAS WITH RESPECT TOSUSTAINABILITYM.S. Yatagan (1) , M.O. Arioglu Salmona *(2) , N. Arioglu (3)(1) Research Asst., Department of Architecture, Architecture Faculty, Istanbul Technical University,Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim/Istanbul, TurkeyE-mail: yataganm@itu.edu.tr(2) Research Asst., Department of Industrial Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Marmara University,Goztepe Campus, 34722 Kadikoy/Istanbul, TurkeyE-mail: ovul@marmara.edu.tr* Corresponding Author(3) Prof. Dr., Department of Architecture, Architecture Faculty, Istanbul Technical University,Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim/Istanbul, TurkeyE-mail: arioglu@itu.edu.trKey words: traditional mansions, modern villas, comparison, sustainabilityAbstractIn Turkey, just like any other country in the world, housing has the biggest market share inthe building sector with its significant effects on the other markets. From a systemsperspective, the housing sector consists of certain sub-systems, and the definition of thesesub-systems is the key to its thorough analysis.The aim of this study is to investigate the historical change in housing in Turkey throughcomparison of the traditional mansions with their current counterparts, namely modern villaswith respect to sustainability. This comparison has been made from a systems perspective inthat the differences and similarities between the traditional mansions and modern villas havebeen evaluated and justified with application examples based on their sub-systems includingelements design, components and materials together with their constructive systems.This study has emphasized the superiorities of the traditional systems with certain suggestionson modern but also sustainable housing systems. Consequently, it has been concluded that thetraditional housing approaches should not just be considered from the historical aesthetics ordocumentation perspectives but rather guide and be combined with the modern housingmaterials and technologies to design and build sustainable structures.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 236

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 608URBAN PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION:THE SUSTAINABLE QUARTERLosco S.Department of Civil EngineeringSecond University of Naplese-mail: salvatore.losco@unina2.itKey words: urban planning, urban sustainability, metropolitan area, town, quarter, up-gradingAbstractOur contribution aims at thinking over the subject of the environmentally sustainable quarter,placing it within the wider scientific and technical background that links the impact of theenvironmental dimension in contemporary town planning to the emergency of the unsolvedquestion of urban suburbs, that is showing all its problematic nature and impossibility ofpostponement in the upgrading of the existing town, in the light of the more and more urgingthemes of environmental sustainability, that identify the precondition for a suitableintervention in the compact town. Town planning logics of these urban areas, that arequantitatively prevailing on the dimensions taken by the settlements built in Italy during thesecond postwar period, are strongly related to the research works of the modern movement inarchitecture and town planning, that assigned to the quarter a vital role in town planning andbuilding. It is for this reason that some features are proposed to debate, that sustainablequarters should have in order to address requalification planning choices of the existing townsand/or of the reconstruction/construction from the beginning.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 237

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 609LIVING THE HISTORIC CITY: UNIVERSALACCESSIBILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIESEgusquiza A., Gandini A.Department of Cultural Heritage. Tecnalia Constructione-mail: aegusquiza@labein.es, agandini@labein.esKey words: historic cities, energy efficiency, universal accessibilityAbstractIn order to protect our urban historic heritage we must focus on protecting not only thephysical fabric but also the social context, recognizing the right of local residents to continueliving in the area. Labein-Tecnalia develops a research line based on the belief thatfurthermore ensuring the maintenance of historic buildings, urban policies should aim atimproving quality of life in historic centres, facilitating the sustainable development andintegrating citizens’ participation into planning processes. Consistent with this ideal, thiswork points at recommending universal accessibility and energy efficiency strategies for thehistoric city. One of the projects related to energy efficiency is the SECHURBA projectwhich aims to demonstrate sustainable energy interventions in historic urban areas andbuildings, respecting culture, heritage and local character. The project addresses localcommunities with their barriers and potentialities by developing best-practice technicalmethods, innovative tools and bottom-up “Community Climate Change Strategies”, as atransferable technical toolkit and an innovative Intelligent Energy Application Tool forrelevant key actors. Furthermore, the E2CH project arises from the concept that historicalcities could be handled as a reference model for contemporary urban development. One of itsmain goals is to improve knowledge of energy performances within the historic centre as asystem, studying the efficiency and adaptability of traditional buildings to the environment.The project will develop a comprehensive methodology and different tools for the diagnosis,the decision making, the implementation of solutions and the subsequent management ofenergy at urban-scale. Another factor that influences the habitability of the historic city is thelack of universal accessibility. The main goal of the PATRAC project is to provide a decisionsupport system for planning improvements in accessibility ensuring that the optimal solutionis adopted according to criteria of universal access, respecting cultural values and economicviability.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 238

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 610TRANSIMSSIBLE TRADITIONAL VALUES IN THE HOUSEARCHITECTURE OF HISTORICAL MARAMURESAdriana Matei, Smaranda Todoran and Calin SpanuDepartment of Architectural TheoryUniversity of Architecture and Urbanisme-mail: amat@arch.utcluj.roKey words: traditional Romanian Architecture, house typology, MaramuresAbstractThe context of this paper was created by a contract with the Maramures Regional Councilwho, confronted with the wave of new constructions in areas with distinct traditional traits,wanted to have a study on the specificity of house buildings that could become a basis forfuture building regulations. The paper traces down the characteristics of the region and tries toestablish transmissible values of its architecture. The purpose of establishing thesecharacteristics is to determine the way in which new houses can be built in the fragileenvironment of traditional villages.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 239

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 611RAINWATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREASZ. Vranayova1, Z. Karelova2, D. Ocipova31 Institute of Building and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Slovakiazuzana.vranayova@tuke.sk2 Institute of Building and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Slovakiazuzana.karelova@tuke.sk3 Institute of Building and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Slovakiadaniela.ocipova@tuke.skKey words: rainwater harvesting, storm water, rainwater management, urban areasAbstractSubmitted article reflects a need for more effective handling with rainwater and storm waterin urban areas. Storm water in urban areas may cause many problems as a result of wrongrainwater management and increasing urbanization, for example overloading seweragesystems, floods and local decreasing of ground water table. At the same time there is anotherproblem which is enormous consumption of potable water for no potable purposes. Suchattitude is unsustainable. Given article is aimed for sustainable rainwater and storm watermanagement, its reuse and infiltration in urban areas. Nowadays when huge part of worldsuffers from the water scarcity, we cannot afford such wastage of water even though there aresufficient sources in our conditions. Contemporary potable water management is notsustainable whereas we use potable water for flushing toilets, irrigation or washing vehicles.The appropriate solution is to substitute potable water to rainwater for some purposes and thiswater source is considered to be sustainable. All approaches which lead to better watermanagement help not only us but especially next generations. That is the reason why this“water” topic should be discussed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 240

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 612AFRICA: TOWARDS A NEW TYPOLOGYGerald SteynDepartment of ArchitectureTshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africae-mail: steyngs@tut.ac.zaKey words: South Africa, low-cost housing design criteria, methods and materialsAbstractSouth Africa urgently needs new strategies to alleviate poverty and an associatedreassessment of its problematic housing policy. Its poorer citizens live in either statesponsoredhouses or in shacks, both types being seriously deficient, but in different ways. It isclaimed that only China and India have built more low-cost houses than South Africa hassince 1994 – an astonishing 2.8 million, identical, small, freestanding, box-like houses rolledoutas vast dormitory townships on the fringes of cities – cruel parodies of Western suburbia.They are given away for free, fostering a culture of entitlement, while their remoteness andlack of employment opportunities perpetuate social and economic marginalisation. Because ofthis factor, as well as boredom and low self-esteem, many young men turn to crime, obviouslyan untenable situation. Most of their occupants previously lived in shantytowns, whichgovernment promised to eradicate, equating shack-living with homelessness. These, however,continue to mushroom, some of which are particularly vibrant, socially cohesive and aninspiring testimony to resilience and innovativeness in spite of tenuous conditions, limitedresources and health hazards. A new typology needs new concepts. Conventional Westernurban and housing models have proved to be awkward settings for the urban poor of SA, andit will be argued that local and African vernacular patterns should be considered. A typologyis proposed that relies on four interdependent, constituent elements: (1) urban integration andaccess to engineering infrastructure; (2) strategically located market streets; (3) reinforcedconcrete frames defining attached shop-front buildings; and (4) assisted self-help, drawing onthe proven ability of deprived households to help themselves. The focus falls onconceptualising pertinent design criteria by re-interpreting the way shantytowns and villagesin East Africa respond to socio-economic and technological realities, as well as to appropriatemethods and materials of construction, while perhaps crucially, the emphasis is placed on theimportance of community and locality in improving quality of life and economic self-reliance.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 241

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 613BASED ON MBFR (MEMBRANE BIOFILM REACTOR) FORSEWAGE REUSER. Díez, L. Rodríguez, L. De Florio, A. L. Esteban, I. TejeroEnvironmental Engineering GroupDepartment of Water and Environment Science and TechnologyUniversity of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: tejeroi@unican.esKey words: ecological sanitation, sewer mining, water reuse, decentralized wastewater treatment,onsite treatment, membrane bioreactor, biofilm reactorAbstractEcological sanitation, also known as Ecosan, is a sanitation concept based on the systematicimplementation of reuse and recycling of nutrients and water as an alternative to conventionalsanitation solutions. The objective is to offer economically and ecologically sustainablesystems that aim at closing the natural nutrients and water cycle for the benefit of agriculture,helping to preserve soil fertility while minimizing water pollution. Ecosan offers a variety ofoptions, where centralized elements can be combined with decentralized ones ranging fromwaterborne to dry sanitation, from high-tech to low-tech, etc. By considering a much largerrange of options, optimal solutions can be developed for each particular situation. Sewermining has been described as the process of tapping into a sewer and extracting sewage,which is then treated and used as recycled water for urban, agricultural, industrial,recreational or environmental use. Onsite treatment and recycling of sewage can avoid theexpenses related to reuse facilities such as transport pipelines, storage tanks and recycledwater pumps when compared to centralized system. On the other hand such treatment must becompact and simple. The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), an innovative process patented[1] by the Environmental Engineering Group of the University of Cantabria, gathers thesuitable characteristics for the purposes indicated because it can treat simply pretreated rawwastewater without the need of previous settler, obtaining in a single process COD, BOD5and TN removal efficiencies of 90%, 96% and 75% respectively and meeting Spanish,European and EPA (USA) reuse legislations. This article describes ecological sanitation andsewer mining principles, as a decentralized sanitation alternative versus conventionalsanitation, and shows the MBfR as a treatment fit for the reuse of water and nutrientsaccording to such principles. Finally an example of practical application is shown.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 242

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 614VENEERS: HOW TO MINIMIZE BIOCOLONIZATIONLESIONSLópez Rivadulla. FJ 1 , Alonso Alonso. P 1 , Fernández Madrid. J 21 Department of Building ConstructionUniversity of Alicante, Spain.E-mail: javier.rivadulla@ua.es; patricia.alonso@ua.es2 Department of Building ConstructionUniversity of La Coruña, Spain.E-mail: jfmadrid@udc.esAbstractThe rain screen walls with stone veneers - a constructive system of recent use - has-been amajor advance in the construction world. However, with the use of granite slabs in this typeof façades, biological colonization have appeared that undermine the confidence of users andprescribers. Some of the related problems are the appearances of stains and soiling producedby living organisms called biotic agents, bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, etc.Provided that there are no studies on biological damage in rain screen walls with stoneveneers, a research project has-been developed to analyze a series of buildings in Galicia thatpresented these injuries.Obtained results in this research allow defining relevant factors that intervene on thebiological colonization and that are of the interest for all the architectural community linkedto pathology.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 243

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 615DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OFURBAN TREE BASES MADE FROM CRUSHED SANDSTONEGonzález Martín, J.M. 1* , González Moreno, S. 2 , Conde Vázquez, C. 2 , Barriganamentería Eguía,J. 21 Department of Architectural and Engineering Construction and Terrain, University of Burgos, C/ Villadiegos/n, 09001- Burgos, Spain2 Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Areniscas Stone, C/ Valdemoro nº 1bajo, 09001-Burgos, Spain(*) presidente@areniscas.comKey words: Tree base, sandstone, crushed stone, urban vegetation, biofunctionality.AbstractThis project aims to create a solution for tree bases to comply with current regulations.Firstly, a study of the existing systems to date is carried out to analyze their strengths andweaknesses in order to design an innovative system. The new model is based on the use ofnatural sandstone wastage originated during the extracting work at the quarry, which, oncecrushed to the right size, is mixed with appropriate binders to form a compound of optimumcharacteristics for the filling of tree bases. Once the right compounds are established, differentcolours will be developed by immersing the aggregates in an aqueous pigments suspension.The system developed is easy to apply as, once the mixture has been prepared; it is just amatter of placing the mixture at the tree base and compacting it appropriately.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 244

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 616URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL METABOLISM: TOWARDSSUSTAINABLE PLANNINGM. C. Ruiz, E. Romero, J. R. FernándezINGEPRO Research Group, Department of Transport and Technology of Projects and ProcessUniversity of Cantabria, Spaine-mail:ruizpm@unican.es ,romeroe@unican.es , fernandezjr@unican.esKey words: urban planning, urban metabolism, industrial ecology, industrial metabolism, sustainabledevelopment.AbstractNowadays, urban planning supposes a key issue to promote the sustainable cities’development. In the last decades, urban growth of the developed countries has caused severalenvironmental, social and economic problems, such as the inefficient use of resources andinfrastructures. A detailed analysis of population’s necessities allows decreasing thesedrawbacks and planning urban improvements. These enhancements can foster a more feasibledevelopment through technical sustainability criteria. Therefore, the urban metabolism studybecomes an essential tool to plan a suitable management of material and energy flows.On the other hand, the Industrial Ecology (IE) theory looks for the sustainable integration ofhuman activities on their natural environment. It seeks mimic natural systems performanceand their processes. About the productive system, the industrial metabolism area studies theprocesses’ collection which turns material and energy into products and wastes. According tothese analyses, the final goals of IE are geared to promote improvements in processefficiency, consumption decrease and waste generation reduction, through the flowsrecirculation on exchange networks of material and energy.This contribution proposes a new conceptual framework which integrates the urban andindustrial metabolisms as an opportunity to achieve a more efficient and sustainabledevelopment. The review of national and international experiences shows the improvement’sstrategies through the combination of both metabolisms. The networks’ formation for the useof residual energy and water streams is the main collaboration practice between industry andcity centres.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 245

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 620SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM IN MEDIUM-SIZED CITIESNogués, S., Victorero, P.Department of Geography, Urban and Regional PlanningUniversity of Cantabriae-mail: noguess@unican.es; victorerop@unican.esKey words: urban form, sustainability, planning policy, medium-sized cityAbstractNowadays, cities are zones where sustainable development is one of the main goals of publicpolicies, from the international to the local level. National Governments focus theireconomical, social and environmental development on cities, as several reports ofinternational institutions such as the United Nations or European Union emphasize. One ofthe most important characteristics of the current city that is considered to be the focus ofmany unsustainable problems is its physical and functional structure. Over the last decades,the spread across the landscape has outpaced population growth, changing city form fromcompact to sprawling. Low-density development, sprawl, rigidly restrictive zoning, networksof roads establishing infrastructure barriers between zones, etc. are the principalcharacteristics of this process, and many of these factors are considered challenges to urbansustainability. Specifically, medium-sized cities represent an important component within adeveloped country’s urban hierarchy. Even if they do not eventually become largemetropolitan areas, there is evidence that they might follow the same urban structuraldevelopment patterns as already developed metropolitan areas. Thus, proactive analysis andplanning in medium-sized cities may be necessary to orient their development towards moresustainable outcomes.The objective of this paper is to analyze the concept of sustainable urban form and thepolicies that should be proposed in medium-sized cities. First of all, we tackle current trendsof sustainable urban form and the way they have been arising in both research and policyenvironments. Then, we introduce the medium-sized city from its form perspective and wediscuss its specific characteristics. Finally, we evaluate the suitability of general policies andplanning actions to the possible specific needs of medium-sized cities.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 246

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 623WELDING PROBLEMS IN TALL COMMUNICATIONTOWERSP. VeronDepartment of Transportes, Proyectos y ProcesosUniversity of Cantabriae-mail: veronj@unican.esKey words: tall communication tower, welding, stress relief heat treatment, brittle fracture, toughness,critical flaw.AbstractSeveral decades ago a designer specified a stress relief heat treatment (about 600ºC) to thebottom welds of a tall communication tower because of their greater thickness of the steelplates. However this practice was not possible for the last bottom welds that were supportingthe tower weight and will distort and originate residual stresses. Our help was required todetermine if this post weld heat treatment could be avoided without compromising theintegrity of the construction. Our previous experiences with steel weldments together with thedetermination of the critical equivalent flaws of the tower according to BS PD6493.1980standard allowed us to assess that this stress relief heat treatment was not necessary.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 247

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 624THE POWER OF THE URBAN CORRIDOR AS AN URBANPLANNING TOOL, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TOSOUTH AFRICAD. DewarDepartment of Architecture, Planning & GeomaticsUniversity of Cape Towndavid.dewar@uct.ac.zaKey words: Urban Corridor, Intensification, RestructuringAbstractIt is now widely accepted (but not so widely practiced) that housing and transport areinextricably interrelated: that planning for one should not occur in isolation from the other.The form in which these most successfully come together is that of the urban corridor.‘Corridor’ in the sense used here is not primarily a transport-related concept, referring to athin band of higher density housing flanking a public transportation route in order to improvetransportation viability. Rather, it is an urban term. It refers to a thick band of higher density,mixed use development with public transportation at its core. Its primary purpose is toencourage the decentralisation of economic activity in order to increase convenience and thusreduce aggregate amounts of movement. It is argued here that it is a powerful tool to promoteurban intensification and restructuring. The argument is supported by a case study.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 248

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 626A STUDY APPROACH IN URBAN HOUSING RENEWAL ANDUPGRADING: A CASE STUDY OF OTAKuroshi A. Peter and Adenuga O. AdewaleDepartment of Building TechnologyCovenant UniversityOta, Ogun state Nigeriae-mail: drkuroshi@gmail.com, yomiadenuga@gmail.comKey words: study approach, Nigeria, urban renewal, housing, environment, communities, publicprivatepartnershipAbstractUrban renewal projects are generally complex because they are planned and executed bymultiple players whose goals and strategies are ever changing over time. Moreover, there arerecurrent changes in respect of housing market, residents’ wishes, government’s economic &political policies, all of which are factors that create a mixed bag of uncertainties andambiguities. Hence, it is difficult to predetermine the intentions, strategies, and possiblereactions of the players, in addition to determining whom, when, and where decisions are tobe made and what will inform such decisions. On the premise of the preceding, this researchadopts the Learning (study) approach to develop strategies for urban renewal & upgradingbased on knowledge of the implications of changes that urban renewal projects are bound togenerate. However, this was limited to appraising the reactions from dwellers to changes thata renewal project will bring to their communities. The intention is to give insights to certainuncertainties and ambiguities that can be associated with the renewal & upgrading of Ota, anurban centre characterized by inadequate town planning & poor development control,environmental pollution (mainly due to poor waste management, improper refuse handling &disposal), paucity of decent housing, etc. Physical examination of the houses confirms theneed for renewal and upgrading of Ota. Factors that could define the renewal project werepresented through questionnaires to dwellers for feelers with respect to implications of thefactors. The results indicate that about 60% of respondents will support the project, 10 to 20%of respondents are indecisive and at least 20% will not be in support.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 249

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 627UNDER PRIVILEGED HOUSING - THE JORDANIANEXPERIENCEAl-Zoubi, Y. Y., Al-Shehab, S. A.Department of ArchitectureUniversity of Jordane-mail: Yalzoubi@yahoo.comKey words: under privileged housing, types, requirements, population & housing status.AbstractThis paper studies, analysis, and discusses the housing for the poor: problems and solutionthat have spread in Jordan since 1970's. The paper contains Sex sections. It contains anintroduction. And the second section explains the understanding of the poor in Jordan. Thethird section studies the enumeration of the census, dwellings since (1922). The beginning ofeconomic and social plans and its relationship with housing projects. The fourth sectiondiscusses the instruction of king Abdullah II to concerned ministries, governmentaldepartments and foundations to create suitable single and separate houses for poor families.The fifth section concentrates on the analysis of the possibility to having suitable space,vertical extension and unit-cost factors. The sixth section and final section gives the negativeand positive results and analysis of the outcome.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 250

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 629HOUSING: ITS POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONSEVIDENCE FROM KHARTOUM STATEGamal M. Hamid i , Ahmed A. Mohamed Elhassan iii Dean Faculty of Architectureii Head Department of Housing and Development Studiesi,ii University of the Khartoum, Sudani gmhamid@uofk.edu, ii aamohamed@uofk.eduKey words: Incremental housing, core housing, site-and services, Khartoum, SudanAbstractWith about 80% of households in Greater Khartoum classified as being of low-income, thedemand for housing far exceeds the ability of the vast majority of households. This results ina wide gap between demand and supply manifested in over-crowding, doubling-up, as well asin massive growth of informal housing settlements. The predominant housing supplymechanism adopted in most of urban Sudan is site-and-services. Households are often left ontheir own to manage the construction of their dwellings. The cost of building a minimumhouse, however, is virtually beyond the ability of the vast majority of households. Thus, about56% of site-and-services plots allocated in Khartoum State have remained undeveloped.Because of its flexibility, initial low cost and economies of scale, incremental housing isviewed as a better alternative to site-and-services. However, there are several criticisms leviedon incremental housing projects. So far, they have contributed very little to the housingsupply in the State.The objectives of this paper are to assess the potentials and limitations of incremental housingin housing low-income groups; assess the strengths and weaknesses of the past examples ofagency-built incremental housing in Khartoum State with a view to drawing lessons fromthem that could inform future attempts at the same. The methodology applied in this paperincludes: desk review of the previous studies on housing in general and on incrementalhousing in particular; field survey of a sample of 230 households in site-and-services areas,squatter areas that have undergone re-planning and upgrading and in incremental housingprojects. Graphic and photographic documentation of the changes that took place in each ofthe selected case studies has been undertaken.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 251

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 631THE URBAN ENERGY PLANNING FOR SMALLMUNICIPALITIESPaolo Fabozzi (*), Flavia Fascia (**) and Renato Iovino (***)* Phd Student, e-mail: fabozzi_paolo@libero.it ,** Associate Professor, e-mail: fascia@unina.it,*** Full Professor, e-mail: renato.iovino@unina.it,Department of Urban and Regional Planning – www.dipist.unina.itUniversity of Study of Naples Federico II – Faculty of EngineeringKey words: The urban planning and the city, Energetic analysis and verification of existing residentialbuilding, 4 paragraphs, 8 pages.AbstractThe acquisition of a method of approach to energy planning for housing in a small townappears to be the tool that awards to the variable energy a 'strategic' peculiarity for theprogramming of the city. This testing instrument propose a new work organization energyplanning at three levels: the first phase of analysis, including urban analysis, technical andenergetic analysis of construction and size and power analysis. Urban analysis is a sharpclassification of the building for the construction typology and volumetric order. Thebuilding's energy performance are estimated through research of the materials used for theexternal covering’s achievement of the buildings and the last type of analysis executes anenergy balance about dwelling houses in the town through the comparison of the warmthdispersed from the buildings every year and the energy used. A second phase of planning,testing the limits imposed considering legislation and establishing an energy balance ofbuilding and the objectives and steps to achieve them. The results of these tests allow to get aclear picture about shortages of the area object of study, like the energetic efficiency ofbuildings and the lack of local energy production areas. The phase of design is constituted by“objective scenarios” of the plan that are the consumption’s reduction reached through theimplementation of performs direct towards improvement of systems and sub-systemsbuilding. The tool of planning proposes a series of restructuring measures construction, alongwith strategies for their realization, based on a logic of rewarding suggested by the Italianlegislation which have taken in the European Community Directive. It is also proposed therevision of urban and building communal regulations in force on the town object of planningto agree dispensation to urban prescriptions already existing to a reduction of heat loss andemission of carbon dioxide.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 252

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 633THE DEMAND MANAGEMENT: A TOOL FORSUSTAINABILITY AND MAINTENANCE OF URBANINFRASTRUCTUREMichele Di Sivo and Daniela LadianaDepartment of Technology for Built EnvironmentUniversity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti and Pescarae-mail: mdisivo@unich.it; d.ladiana@unich.itKey words: Sustainability, urban maintenance, technological culture, tools, citizenAbstractThe challenge of city care involves assuming urban development sustainability as the scenario withinwhich the adequate levels of care, maintenance-conservation and consumption have to comparethemselves with development aspirations, but at the same time the consumption/substitution ofcapitals made of urban resources should be coherent with the exigency of maintaining naturalresources as well as those resources generated by anthropic action; such a challenge will have to bewon by identifying new forms of urban policy, recognizing and enhancing the value of the role ofmaintenance for preserving the physical-natural-cultural heritage, by means of scientific processes ofplanning and control and by carrying out adequate action strategies.The Demand Management represents an important tool to achieve an urban infrastructure managementaiming at the optimization of the urban system life cycle and at the settlement sustainability.Such an approach is based on the assumption that infrastructure and urban service assets represent aresource whose use should be carefully planned and managed over time, avoiding a thoughtless usethat would accelerate the processes of degradation and resource depletion – because of an inefficientservice delivery or because of the construction of a number of structures excessive if compared to thereal community needs. The policies of demand management can affect the population’s perception andawareness of service need in order to give alternative answers which don’t require any increases,replacements, or interventions within the existing infrastructure assets. All the possible outcomes ofsuch an approach are relevant both in economical and environmental terms, since they don’t onlyallow considerable savings in investments in infrastructure re-qualification and/or replacement –whose need is postponed, but they also allow to significantly extend the system life cycles thanks tothe decrease in the use intensity and frequency. The demand management policies operate within thecurrent cultural passage from a city populated with objects to a city structured with services, allowingto reduce the distance between the present model of “city of quantity” and the desired “city ofquality” structured and organized into a mainly immaterial form of growth.In such a development scenario, the tools for urban management and maintenance are compared to thecategory of complexity, thanks to the adoption of a systemic-like approach permitting to recognize andidentify the several relationships among the quality, sustainability and urban efficiency factors.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 253

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 634URBAN RENEWAL IN COMPACT URBAN FABRICSJoão Granadeiro Cortesão i , F. Brandão Alves i , Joanne Patterson iiiCITTA – Research Centre for Territory, Transports and EnvironmentUniversity of Porto, Faculty of Engineeringe-mail: granadeirocortesao@gmail.com, alves@fe.up.ptiiiCardiff University, Welsh School of Architecturee-mail: patterson@cardiff.ac.ukKey words: urban heat island, microclimate, thermal comfort, urban renewal, urban designAbstractContemporary urban renewal is particularly aimed at promoting more pedestrian-focusedpublic spaces. Microclimate optimization is crucial to ensure the success of these actionsconsidering summer thermal conditions in temperate climates are increasingly stressed underthe urban heat island. Indeed, microclimate optimization will determine human thermalcomfort and, consequently, the usage of public spaces and buildings.Under these circumstances, bioclimatic urban design premises should be incorporated intourban renewal programmes.This article presents the basis for a bioclimatic intervention tool, illustrated by two casestudies in Porto (Portugal) and one in Bristol (United Kingdom). The three outdoor spaces arelocated within compact urban fabrics. The case studies illustrate the importance thatcorrelating facing materials and vegetation has on outdoors thermal comfort. Through thisrelationship, the combined effects of lower air and surface temperatures, higher air humidity,and lower levels of CO2 in the local atmosphere can be expected due to carbon sequestrationby vegetation. Additionally, CO2 emissions from buildings can be influenced. All of thechanges above promote more thermally comfortable outdoor spaces, therefore increasingpedestrian movements in urban spaces.The analysis of the Porto spaces, carried out through climatic measurements and inquiries toits users, was undertaken in order to assess their current microclimatic performance. A furthercomparison of these spaces with the urban renewal case in Bristol is presented.It was found that differences in paving solutions and vegetation levels between the first twospaces are causing a significantly different pattern of use from one space to the other. On itsturn, the comparison with the British space has shown the extent to which urban renewalprograms can be the opportunity to improve an outdoor space under a bioclimatic perspectiveand therefore increase its usage. The fundamentals of a simplified bioclimatic interventiontool are thereafter suggested.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 254

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 635PUBLIC HOUSING RENOVATION IN PORTO: TYPOLOGYVERSUS OCCUPANCY DENSITYJ. Restivo i , F. B. Alves i , P. Mendonça ii , J. A. Ferreira iiii Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Porto, Faculty of Engineeringjoana.restivo@fe.up.pt, alves@fe.up.ptii University of Minho, School of Architecturemendonca@arquitectura.uminho.ptiii Office of Studies and PlanningGestão de Obras Públicas da Câmara Municipal do Porto, E.E.M. / DomusSocial, E.E.M.jferreira@domussocial.ptKey words: public housing renovation, typological transformation, occupancy densityAbstractIn the 1950s a ten-year municipal plan (and its subsequent five-year extension) set off theconstruction of many public housing complexes in Porto to solve the need for housing, asindustrialization phenomena had caused relevant migration to cities. These housingsettlements (near half of the current total public housing in Porto), despite their careful urbandesign, do not present nowadays satisfactory quality level (constructive, but also architecturaland residential), failing to comply with some of the present regulations and living standardexpectations (e.g. dwellings reduced area). In the last few years, some of these residentialunits have been renovated.One reference case is presented, a 1953 municipal housing in Porto presently underrenovation, illustrating the urban regeneration that may result if deeper housing refurbishmentis contemplated on a municipal strategy, without necessarily a much higher investment.Original dwelling typologies (with very limited area) are merged to give place to new ones(now in accordance to present regulations), apparently reducing population density of therelated area. This paper also addresses the false impression that may occur when municipalhousing management policies and distribution are based on dwelling typology.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 255

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 638TRANSPORT IN CITIESNarcisa HadzicDepartment of ArchitectureInternational University of Sarajevoe-mail: nhadzic@ius.edu.baKey words: economy, ecology, social, urban, moving in the city, sustainability, bicyclingAbstractThis paper talks about changes in the city, making everyday’s life easier in terms of movingand transporting inside of the city.Case study: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;The society changed with the changes of economical system. The social and nationaldemographics changed with the war. The culture changed with ideology and values. The citychanged with destruction and urbanization. In my research I could clearly see that the centralcore of the city is vital for its urban and economical system. The biggest money income is inthis area also called “good will” of the city. Economy income is very important in this area soit must be well functioning in every aspect and especially in its connections to other parts ofthe city. There are several distinctive features of a change in the city itself. Huge inflow ofcapital and money into Sarajevo triggered the expansion of representation offices andfranchising operations of different brands and products not previously available. As theeconomy start to bloom, people purchasing power have increased and ability to own a carincreased. The last decade number of the cars increased steadily and will do so in comingyears. Sarajevo has a traffic problem. There are about 200 000 cars in the city daily. Trafficjams in the center and old city are common every day, however people must commute to thisarea daily due to their job locations.My aim is to research on transportation weakness. I would like to show current situationlooking into movement problems in the city through social, economical, ecological and urbanaspects of Sarajevo at the present time.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 256

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 640CONTEXT OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN THESOUTH-WEST REGION OF POLANDE. Trocka-Leszczynska and R. MasztalskiFaculty of ArchitectureWroclaw University of Technologye-mail: elzbieta.trocka-leszczynska@pwr.wroc.plKey words: regional architecture, modern housing,AbstractSouth-western areas of Poland – the Sudeten Mountains – are characterized by homogeneousvernacular architecture. In the post-war period these developments, due to the lack ofrenovation funds, quickly deteriorated and were vandalized. Since the political transformationin Poland in 1989, the dwellers have obtained ownership rights and have been able to acquirerenovation funds.This study was conducted at the Faculty of Architecture of Wroclaw University ofTechnology in the years 1997-2010. It outlines the characteristics of local developments andthe condition of buildings erected before 1945, as well as the characteristics of developmentsbuilt after 1945. The results of the study show two trends, both of which are unfavorable tothe preservation of spatial order and the spirit of the villages in the studied area. These trendshave emerged mainly because there is no rigorous legislation in local land use plans, andespecially no effective method of limiting them. The first trend are the inappropriate, lawlessand unsupervised renovations, which have caused the erasure and destruction of originalvernacular characteristics. The second trend is the erection of new houses whose architecturalstyle is inconsistent with the existing cultural context and based on “cheap” catalogue singlefamily homes, chosen without consulting the architects. The unfavorable trends in the areaconsidered a cultural area presented in this study are an attempt to point out to thearchitectural authorities the dangers of unclear legislation on renovations and construction ofnew buildings. The study was conducted in a couple dozen villages and its results will bemade public in order to raise the architectural awareness of the community, to underline thehistorical value of buildings as well as the need to protect the cultural spirit of these places.The latter can be achieved by properly executing renovation and maintenance works, and bychoosing buildings recommended by architects, which will help preserve the spatial order ofthese areas.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 257

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 641AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGESYSTEM IN AMRITSAR – CASE STUDY - FAIZPURGopal Kumar Johari 1 , Gursharan Jeet Kaur 21Senior LecturerGuru Ramdas School of PlanningGuru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (INDIA)E-mail: joharigk@yahoo.com2Research Scholar, Architect- Urban PlannerGuru Ramdas School of PlanningGuru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (INDIA)E-mail: ar_jimmy@yahoo.co.ukKey words: Geographic Information System, Sewerage system, Sewer, Urban Infrastructure, WaterSupplyAbstractSince urban population is increasing in India at an alarming rate, it is facing the problemsrelated to shortage of natural resources and various environmental problems. Hence, optimumuse of natural resources in urban settlement is the need of the hour. Nevertheless, the demandfor more and varied community facilities increases as population grows, urban area expands,old facilities become outdated, living standards and public expectations rises. This can onlybe managed by intelligent planning done by present day technology – GeographicalInformation System (GIS) and Remote Sensing. In this paper the case study of Faizpur, aresidential area in Amritsar city which got developed as an unauthorized area due to outspreadgrowth of Amritsar city. There is no comprehensive water supply system and waste watercollection system in the area. The streets and drains are developed in an ad-hoc manner andwater logging is common in normal days and becomes worst in rainy days. This paper focuseson the issues related to diseases caused by the contaminated water supplied to the residents ofFaizpur. With the help of GIS, the houses with more frequency of diseases and water supplypipes beneath the sewer lines or open drains have been correlated. It also address tomanagement & upgradation of sewerage system and updation, analysis, development,assessment, management and retrieval of data for this urban utility service. This case studyacted as framework for the augmentation of sewerage system for whole of the Amritsar City.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 258

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 642LOW-COST, HIGH-RISE URBAN HOUSING IN KUALALUMPUR, MALAYSIA: AVOIDING THE RISK OF FUTURESLUMSAMR AminuddinSchool of Architecture, Universiti MalayaMalaysia.asrulmahjuddin@um.edu.mySchool of Architecture, Universiti of NottinghamUnited Kingdom.laxamra@nottingham.ac.ukKey words: urban housing, low cost high rise, sustainability, environmental assessmentAbstractThe developments of low cost high-rise housing have been perceived as the best possibleanswer to provide immediate, affordable housing for urban residents in Malaysia. In KualaLumpur 32, 400 units of low cost were planned to be constructed between the year 2006-10and mostly in clusters of blocks within the urban area. With the vast number of unitsproposed, lay the risk of little attention or consideration given to future impacts, both sociallyand environmentally, this demonstrate little or no commitment of a high quality public realm.This paper will review the current development of low-cost high-rise residential buildings inthe Malaysia capital city of Kuala Lumpur. It will explore the theoretical aspects of buildinglow-cost high-rise housing exploring the relationship between theory and practice. Whilst theneed to build a large number of affordable housing units remain. This paper will suggest thatthe design and planning to address this need may require different approaches as KualaLumpur develops in the 21st century and beyond. Thus the paper will address a proposal andstrategic approach to this provision related policy.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 259

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 643THIRTY YEARS OF URBAN REGENERATION INROTTERDAMDr.ir. P.StoutenDepartment of Urbanism; Chair Spatial Planning and StrategieFaculty of ArchitectureDelft University of Technologyp.l.m.stouten@tudelft.nlKey words: urban regeneration, strategies, integrated approaches, sustainabilityAbstractThis paper explains how urban renewal plans have responded to new conditions andrequirements, caused by changes in the population and in social structure.It evaluates the urban renewal plans that the city of Rotterdam launched in the 1970s, andwhich drew international attention at the time. With this plan, Rotterdam addressed the decayof housing and facilities in urban areas. The policies combined social housing developmentand the modernization of building and living conditions with the participation of residents.The paper shows that human habitat and community building are important factors in urbanrenewal strategies, and that effective urban renewal projects should address two key issues: 1)they should take an integrated approach to the physical, environmental, social and economicprogrammes; and 2) they should provide sustainable solutions instead of quick fixinterventions that do not stand the test of time.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 260

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 644VALUES OF THE PEOPLE AND THE HOUSING PROCESSDr. Mayank MathuAssistant Professor of Physical Planninge-mail: matmayank@gmail.comAbstractThis study is an attempt to relate a socio-scientific phenomenon that is, values with that ofphysical development i.e., housing. The term `values’ may refer to interests, pleasures, likes,preferences, duties, moral obligations, desires, wants, needs, aversions and attractions andmany other modalities of selective orientations. Values, in other words, are found in the largeand diverse universe of selective behavior. However, it is very doubtful that any onedescription can do complete justice to the full range and diversity of recognizablephenomenon. One of the more widely accepted definitions in social science literatureconsiders values to be conceptions of the desirable, the latter being equated with what weought to desire, values regulate impulse satisfaction in accordance with the whole array ofhierarchical enduring goals of the personality, the requirements of both personality and socioculturalsystem of order, the need for respecting the interest of others and of the group as awhole in social living. Values arise out of human experience and hence may be affected byany conditions that affect experience. Although housing provides many needs at varyinglevels, people can weigh each need and category, differently. Values related to housing showwhat is desirable and worthwhile to the occupant. In designing housing policy, it is importantto know whether a value remains constant over time or changes with a household’s situationor community. In measuring values and interpreting the results, value type must beconsidered. Values may also be intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic value is the desirable andself sufficient quality of an experience, while an extrinsic value is the meaning or worthdesired from the relation of one thing to another. Thus intrinsic values are ends in themselves,while extrinsic values are designed for a purpose, this distinction may be applied to housingvalues. Recognizing the need to study housing values, this study, titled as `Values judgmentin housing’ a case study of self financing scheme in New Delhi was taken in which thefollowing factors were identified and taken into consideration: Anthropometrics relates tointernal spaces and private open spaces; Social includes Life style, privacy and security/safety whereas in Psychological aesthetics and prestige were taken. The findings of this studycould help in creating a feedback to the designers and help in preparing better designs for theuser’s satisfaction. This article is based on the thesis study `values judgment in housing’ thatwas undertaken by the author.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 261

TOPIC VII – ECONOMY AND FINANCING POLICIES.TOPIC VIIECONOMY AND FINANCING POLICIES• MEASURES OF SUPPORT TO THE PRIVATE ECONOMY• GOVERNMENTS SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY• PUBLIC AND DEPRIVED COMPANIES• INVESTMENT FUNDS37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 262

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 702COOPERATION AND INCENTIVES FOR THEINTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE PORTUGUESECONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYP.F. Luz 1 , P.G. Henriques 2 , J.C. Teixeira 31, 2 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Technical University of Lisbon3 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, GuimarãesE-mail: 1 pfluz.lda@gmail.com; 2 pgameiro@civil.ist.utl.pt; 3 jct@civil.uminho.ptKey words: construction, internationalization, competitiveness, support, incentivesAbstractUnderstand where, how and when to expand into foreign markets may be a crucial decisionfor the survival of many construction companies in Portugal. To analyze the process ofinternationalization of Portuguese construction companies and understand the critical factorsto its competitiveness is important to contextualize it, identifying the support and publicincentives, available or still needed. Another important contribution will be to gatherinformation to assist the ongoing internationalization processes and identifying some potentialobstacles.The introduction makes an approach to the issue, characterizing the recent developments inthe construction sector, noting, among other things, the main factors that differentiate it interms of competitiveness. In the following section addresses directly the issue from thestandpoint of construction companies, the views and needs of public support in the recentpast, and the recent developments in foreign markets activity in response to the needs ofinternationalization. In the third section, we analyzed the incentive programs that haveprevailed since the beginning of the century, objectives, measures and actions implemented,amounts involved and to what extent was allocated to the construction industry andinternationalization. The last section summarizes some of the possible conclusions obtainedfrom the work done.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 263

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 703WHY DID THE GOVERNMENT- SPONSORSHIPENTERPRISE MODEL FAIL IN THE U.S. RESIDENTIALMORTGAGE MARKETS?Prof. Dr. Belgin AKÇAYAnkara University, Law Faculty, Department of Economics and FinanceCebeci Kampusü, 06590 Ankara, Turkeye-mail: akcay@law.ankara.edu.trKey words: Government sponsored enterprises, residential mortgage markets, sub-prime morgagecrisisAbstractEfforts to expand access to mortgage credit and to increase homeownership have dominatedU.S. federal housing policy. To support of those objectives, many programs wereimplemented and many regulations were put into the effect during about 60 years. One ofthese practices was to be established a number of organizations falling between the categoriesof private sector and governmental entities. One type of these are the “government –sponsored enterprises” (GSEs) - quasi-governmental organizations.There are three GSEs in housing sector created by the <strong>Congress</strong> in the U.S. The objective wasto improve the efficiency of mortgage markets and to overcome statutory and other marketimperfections which otherwise prevent funds from moving easily from suppliers of funds toareas of high loan demand. Two of these GSEs, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are the giantsecondary-market institutions.Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which have many benefits from federal government, primarilyact as financial intermediaries to assist borrowers. They are involved in two principal lines ofbusiness: purchasing mortgages and issuing mortgage-backed securities. They purchaseresidential mortgages from the mortgage originators or lenders. Later, they package themortgages into mortgage-backed securities to resell to investors in the capital markets, or holdthe mortgages in their own portfolios.In terms of meeting their original congressional objective — to provide liquidity to creditmarkets on a national, rather than regional or state, basis — these GSEs have been remarkablysuccessful and become the dominant role in the U.S. mortgage markets. However, since theend of July, 2007, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been dramatically affected by theexperiencing subprime mortgage-related troubles in the U.S. mortgage markets. They haveincreasingly reported large loan losses throughout 2008. As a result, Fannie Mae and FreddieMac were placed into conservatorship on September, 2008, and the conservatorship has nospecified termination date.In this paper, it will firstly be examined the GSE model in the residendial mortgage marketsand secondly, evaluated why these giant firms became failure in sub-prime mortgage crisis.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 264

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 704BUILDING ENVELOPE REHABILITATION COSTS:DETERMINATION AND VARIABILITYCarina Isabel Pereira de Sousa (1); João Carlos Gonçalves Lanzinha (2)(1) Master Degree in Civil Engineering, C-Made Centre of Materials and Building Technologies, CivilEngineering and Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fontedo Lameiro, Covilhã, Portugal, Tel. +351 968259303e-mail: carinaipsousa@hotmail.com(2) Doctorate Degree, C-Made Centre of Materials and Building Technologies, Civil Engineering andArchitecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro,Covilhã, Portugal Tel. +351 275 329 722; fax: +351 275 329 969e-mail: joao.lanzinha@ubi.ptKeywords: Rehabilitation, building envelope, costs.AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a great deal of investment in Portugal in the construction ofnew buildings to the detriment of the rehabilitation of existing ones. As a result, the historiccentres of towns and cities are deteriorating, while their suburbs are spreading. One of themain problems affecting the rehabilitation of residential buildings is that it is extremelydifficult to accurately estimate the costs involved. Although there are established methods(and technical documents available) to aid the costing of new buildings, there is a lack ofofficial information about the costs of rehabilitation work, particularly as regards the externalenvelope of buildings.This article demonstrates how to determine rehabilitation costs (with particular emphasis onthe envelope of residential buildings) by gathering information from specialized companies,assessing price variability and consulting databases of rehabilitation costs from othercountries. It also presents some examples of costing for particular rehabilitation jobs.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 265

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 705OCRE - OBSERVATORY OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONAND REHABILITATION OF BEIRA INTERIOR, PORTUGAL,AS A FACTOR OF KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLEMENTATIONOF DEVELOPMENT POLICIESJoão Carlos Gonçalves LanzinhaC-Made – Centre of Materials and Building TechnologiesCivil Engineering and Architecture DepartamentUniversidade of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugale-mail: joao.lanzinha@ubi.ptKey words: Observatory, construction, rehabilitationAbstractThis article describes the opportunity and relevance of creation of the Observatory ofBuilding Construction and Rehabilitation of Beira Interior Region in Portugal, as well as itsframework, sustainability and structuring nature.It presents the main features of considered territory and describes the main objectives of theproject, areas of action and lines of studies development and partnerships to promote, toenable future definition and implementation of development policies, which should take intoparticular account the specificities and natural realities of the territory.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 266

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 706EVALUATING HOUSING FINANCING PERFORMANCE OFTHE FEDERAL MORTGAGE BANK OF NIGERIA IN POSTHOUSING SECTOR REFORM ERA*Dung-Gwom, J Y (PhD, Reader) and **Mallo, D. M. (M.Sc)*Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Nigeriae-mail: dungwom@yahoo.com**Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeriae-mail: mdmaren@yahoo.comKey words: Housing finance, Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria, Housing reforms, performanceevaluationAbstractThe Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) is the first operator in the Nigeria’s formalinstitutional mortgage lending sector. The Bank has a history of retail and wholesale activitiesin the country’s mortgage industry; however, its performance was insignificant until thehousing reforms of 2002. This paper evaluates the housing financing performance of the Bankin the post reform era. Data on fund mobilization, loan disbursement and housing productionindex are employed for the study. Findings revealed that between 2002 to 2005, the Bank wasable to mobilized N18.164 billion ($12.109m) compared to the pre-reform period (1992-2002) figure of N10.359 billion ($6.906m) representing a growth of 75%. From 2006 to 2009,the Bank recorded more collection amounting to N41.963 billion ($29.97m). Within theperiod, the Bank granted loan valued at N3.628 billion ($2.418m) to 3,915 National HousingFund contributors to either build or renovate their houses. This is against the value of N1.327billion ($0.884m) disbursed to 2,347 in the pre-reform period. From 2005 to 2008, the Bankthrough its concessionary lending window granted a loan of N10.743billion ($7.162) to 44estate developers who have constructed more than 7106 housing units. This is a significantimprovement on the pre-reform approved estate loan value at N406.500million ($0.271m),which achieved only 545 housing units. It was also discovered that as at 2009, 25 privatedevelopers owed the Bank varying sums of loan aggregating to N10.963billion ($7.308). Thishas caused a great hindrance to the Banks’ operation. The study concluded that the FMBN hasappreciably improved in terms of fund mobilization and loan disbursement, which hasincreased housing production quantitatively in Nigeria.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 267

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 707USER INFORMATION IN THE HOUSING MARKETJorge Moreira da Costa and Maria Francisca SampaioDepartment of Civil EngineeringFEUP - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugale-mail: jmfcosta@fe.up.pt, francisca.msampaio@gmail.comKeywords: Dwelling, Assessment Method, User-Oriented, Quality, Grading.AbstractIn some countries Design Quality Assessment has been applied to housing building projects,often providing a basis for financing decisions. Nevertheless, the usefulness of thesemethodologies for the improvement of user information has been limited as the outputs areusually rather technologically-oriented, therefore difficult to understand by the commondweller.This prevents the development of what is often referred as Client Education. It is observedthat the more efficient and competitive industries are the ones driven by consumerrequirements; to obtain this client knowledge in the construction industry, and in particular inhousing, procedures that are able to translate the technical topics relevant to dwellingefficiency into easier and more commonplace issues, must be used.In this paper we will present some Assessment methods and a proposal of user-orientedoutput that can be of help in buying or renting decisions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 268

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 708GOVERNMENT VERSUS CIVIL SOCIETY: AN APPROACHTO AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT INTHAILANDChaweewan Denpaiboon a , Vimolsiddhi Horayangkura b , Mitsuo Takada caUrban Environment Planning and Development, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University,(Rangsit Campus),Klong Luang, Patumthani Province12121,Thailand, e-mail: denpaiboon_c@yahoo.combGraduate School of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University, (Rangsit Campus),Klong Luang,Patumthani Province12121, Thailand, e-mail: hvimolsi@tu.ac.thcHousing and Environmental Design Division, Kyoto University, Japan, # 282 (C1-4), C-cluster, KatsuraCampus, e-mail: takada@archi.kyoto-u.ac.thKey words: Housing Policy, Governmental Subsidies, Civil Society, Affordable Housing, SocialStructure Change Policy, Social InnovationAbstractThe article focuses on the identification and illustration of the shift of low income housingpolicy and implementation in Thailand. Housing is one of the major sectors of nationaldevelopment; it plays a vital role in a developing country. Policy and housing mechanismshave witnessed major shifts toward affordable housing since 1973, mainly implemented bythe public sector. This article is concerned with the decentralization of the governmental rolein providing shelters for the low income group to the present-day civil society activity in thecreation of affordable housing. The role of civic social innovation in urban development wasa result of key social structure changes to strengthen a community based on social capital. Anaffordable house is not a spatial organization but rather a reflection of social movementplanning. The objectives of the study were (1) to analyze a comparative study ofgovernmental policy between public sector and civic society approaches to affordable housingdevelopment by NHA and CODI during 2003-2010; (2) to examine the governmental policydevelopment by many mechanisms for 30 years to identify any needed changes to policies toencourage low income housing development; and (3) to recommend the policy of affordablehousing development for the low income group. The research method comprised a fieldsurvey on the case study by observation, interviews, and questionnaires, which was conductedamong a random selection sample of 140 households in Baan Eua-Ahtorn Project and BaanMan Kong Project. These findings provide a framework of policy that brings together threeconcepts. First, the providing for low income group alone policy is not able to develophousing projects; it should mix income groups for sustainable housing development. Second,Baan Man Kong Project places more emphasis on process of development and on continuityof development than Baan Eua-Ahtorn projects. Third, both projects will support the housingshortage. In the final section, conclusions are drawn about social innovation in governmentalpolicy, focusing on the empowering experiments with decentralization and democracy ofgovernmental accessible to civil society and its interests.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 269

TOPIC VIII – MANAGEMENT SCHEMES ANDMAINTENANCE.TOPIC VIIIMANAGEMENT SCHEMES ANDMAINTENANCE• CRITERIA OF DESIGN• MANAGEMENT OF THE MAINTENANCE• MANAGEMENT OF FACILITIES• MANAGEMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS• QUALITY, ENVIRONMENT AND PREVENTION OF LABOR RISKS• TECHNIQUES, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS• RENOVATION AND NEW IDEAS OF MANAGEMENT37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 270

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 801HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR INTERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENTJuan Carlos Prieto VielbaGeneral DirectorSanta Maria la Real Foundatione-mail: jcprieto@santamarialareal.orgKey words: Historical heritage, territorial development, restoration, social economy, and culturalpromotionAbstractHistorical heritage is currently an important source of wealth for local development especiallyin underdeveloped regions. It can become an important factor for progress. Nevertheless, fordevelopment to take place, many factors must converge, namely, adequate management,integrated politics, and original proposals that are sustainable and socially responsible, wherethe basis of these proposals is the reversion to the local population of the benefits that aregenerated by heritage.The Santa Maria la Real Foundation, from it’s inception, foresaw that heritage, especiallyRomanesque heritage, can be a resource for rural areas to generate wealth and can be animportant source for development. The author will demonstrate that the management modeldeveloped by the Foundation is deeply rooted in the local environment and aims to foster theendogenous territorial capacities from a wide range of perspectives such as investigation,innovation, technology, conservation, promotion and professional development. This modelconverts heritage into an instrument that can help socio-economic development in a territory,which results in the creation of an industrial network and infrastructure for tourism thatcapitalizes on the potential of each rural area.In short, the application of sustainable heritage management models entails a regeneration andrevitalisation factor for the municipality, not only economically but also with everythingconcerning the natural environment, the preservation of historic heritage, the external andinternal image, and territorial structuring. This in turn results in a rebalance of activity and thedistribution of well being which will serve to attract new residents and to raise awareness ofthe importance of conserving local traditions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 271

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 803THE ROLE OF DURABILITY AND PLANNEDMAINTENANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTOF BUILDINGSMonica Lavagna, Cinzia TalamoDepartment of Building Environment Science and Technology - BESTPolitecnico di Milano, Italye-mail: monica.lavagna@polimi.it; cinzia.talamo@polimi.itKey words: life cycle assessment, green rating systems, planned maintenance, durabilityAbstractThe paper deals with a research that put in evidence the role of planned maintenance in thelife cycle assessment of buildings. The aim of the paper is to discover the relationshipbetween maintenance strategies, choices in design phase (durability) and environmentalimpacts.Environment and life cycle are strictly connected. "Sustainable" and "durable" are nearlysynonymous.A building with a long life can dilute the environmental impacts caused by its production andconstruction. Long life can be pursued through durability of building components or throughfrequent planned maintenance interventions characterized by low impacts (energy andmaterials) and able to extend the buildings life.But these important issues are often neglected in environmental assessment, with theconsequence of altered results of the assessment and therefore of erroneous design choices.The research analyses the different methods to assess the environmental profile of a building:multicriteria methods, with rating systems based on credits related to every criteria satisfied,and life cycle assessment methods, based on the quantification of environmental impactsduring all life cycle stages. The multicriteria methods (as BREEAM, LEED, SBtool,Protocollo Itaca, etc.) don't put in correct evidence the role of durability and of maintenancein their rating systems.Instead, a Life Cycle Assessment of a building must consider all these aspects. But there are alot of problems that restrain this goal: lack of data about durability of building componentsand of technical systems, lack of knowledge about cycle of maintenance, and so on. Theseproblems underline the necessity to assume the planned maintenance cycles inside theenvironmental assessment of buildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 272

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 804REAL ESTATE INVENTORY, INFORMATIONMANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES FOR ENERGYREHABILITATION: PROPOSAL OF A TOOL SUPPORTINGKNOWLEDGE AND DECISIONS IN PUBLIC REAL ESTATEMANAGEMENTTalamo C.*, Paganin G.*, Cipriano V.*, Parente S.*** Department of Building & Environment Science & Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Italy* ExitOne SpA, Pinerolo (TO) Italy* e-mail: cinzia.talamo@polimi.it, giancarlo.paganin@polimi.itKey words: real estate, public housing, knowledge management, energy rehabilitationAbstractThe paper deals with a research carried out in order to develop procedures and tools toimprove Public Real Estate management through the coordination of inventory activities,information management and energy rehabilitation strategies.The research starts from some observations in Real estate management:• Low efficiency in inventory processes due to the lack of a preliminary scheme ofknowledge needs;• Difficulties in information management due to the fact that various management areas(technical, energy, maintenance, etc.) produce and use in different mannersinformation on the same building elements;• The increasing interests and requests both for energy rehabilitation and formaintenance interventions for residential buildings, especially for the ones elder thanthirty years, at present characterized by very inefficient behaviours.Starting from these assumptions, the aim of the research is to propose procedures and toolswith the aim to support knowledge and decisions in order to gain energy rehabilitationstrategies, through the use of few key information related to buildings.The tool is adequate to the strategic analysis and decisions taken by owners at the scale ofgreat building stocks; strategic lines most appropriate to the specific characteristics ofbuildings can therefore be adopted.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 273

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 805USING OF THE NEWEST CAD/BIM TOOLS INCONSTRUCTION PROJECTMária Kozlovská, Lukáš SabolInstitute of Civil Engineering Technology, Economics and ManagementTechnical University of Košice, Civil Engineering Faculty, Slovak Republice-mail: maria.kozlovska@tuke.sk , lukas.sabol@tuke.skKey words: CAD, Virtual Building, construction processAbstractThe paper deals with new ways of using CAD and Virtual Building in construction projectby all participants. Another perspective of software products benefits will be analyzed. Thesesoftware products support a building projection following more complex information aboutconstruction elements. This way of projection allows a simulation of building costsparameters and building schedule parameters already in the stage of virtual building. Only thisapproach in project preparation provides minimization of needed projects actualization inbuilding course, improving success and effective building project completion, which allowsalso risk minimization of next project. The newest CAD/BIM tools allow to easily record andmonitor the progress of a project, compare actual progress to the schedule, and to react to anydeviations, which allow improving efficiency of constructive process management.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 274

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 807THE INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO SAFETY RISKPERCEPTION A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EUROPEANAND AMERICAN BUILDING SITE SAFETYMária Kozlovská, Zuzana StrukováInstitute of Civil Engineering Technology, Economics and ManagementTechnical University of Košice, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak Republice-mail: maria.kozlovska@tuke.sk, zuzana.strukova@tuke.skKey words: occupational safety and health, safety risk, construction safety, building site, injury, fatalinjuryAbstractThe construction is one of the most physically demanding and risky sectors. Despite recentefforts to improve site safety, construction still accounts for a disproportionate number ofoccupational-related fatalities what is supported by statistics. They do not tell the whole story,but are an essential part of any analysis of safety and health issues and reveal many uglytruths. In The European Union around 1300 building workers are killed each year, equivalentto 13 employees out of every 100 000, more than twice the average of other sectors. In newmember states, where Slovak Republic is, twenty percent of all injuries occur at the buildingsites. Even the numbers from The U.S. Bureau labor statistics show that the construction inthe USA is the third in number of the site fatalities. So the building site safety and health is amatter of global concern. However it is not easy to describe and define how to deport safely atsome actual site because the workers are exposed to many safety risks varying in connectionwith conditions of the construction realization and with technologies using. For all that theworkers have to be in time informed about all dangers and risks to which they could beexposed. The paper analyses, describes and systemizes the principal groups of constructionsafety dangers and risks; describes the interdependencies among safety risks, affecting byspatial, technological and time parameters of the building process, as well as by the siteconditions. There is also a brief knowledge from the study comparing the construction safetyin Europe, USA and Canada referencing to presented statistics.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 275

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 808AFTER THE ROT: IMPROVING THE DURABILITY OFBUILDING ENVELOPES IN DOMESTIC HOUSING, NEWZEALANDChris Murphy MArch ANZIADepartment of ArchitectureUnitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealande-mail: cmurphy@unitec.ac.nzKey words: Building technology, weathertightness, building controls.AbstractThe issue of weathertightness of the external building envelope in domestic scaled timberframes continues to be an issue in New Zealand, some ten years after the results of a majorcladding survey into the durability and weathertightness of the exterior cladding envelopecarried out by the writer in the year 2000. The fallout from leaking buildings has estimated tohave cost the country billions of dollars in lost production and expensive repair. The socialimpact on those caught up in the leaking home has been considerable, with often heartrending tales of stress and financial hardship the result.This paper will explore the initiatives taken by the building industry and the Governmentsince the issue became a major public concern. It will examine the influences, both positiveand negative, that resulting legislation and changed building practices brought in as a result ofthis crisis, have had on the sustainability and affordability of the domestic dwelling in NewZealand.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 276

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 809PRELIMINARY MODEL OF EXTERNAL DETERIORATIONOF BUILDINGS IN BOGOTÁ COLOMBIAOrlando Rincón ArangoDepartment of Civil EngineeringUniversity of La Salle Bogotá Colombiae-mail: orincona@unisalle.edu.coKey words: building deterioration, building maintenance, facades, urban developmentAbstractIn this stage of the project, 800 buildings located in different places of the city wereevaluated. They were chosen according to their locations at the historical edges of urbandevelopment. These edges now correspond with primary and secondary streets. The sampleincludes sectors constructed at different times, from 1950 to the present. Every building wasevaluated for common pathologies affecting facades, materials, interference with urbaninfrastructure and environmental conditions.To develop the evaluation guide, 50 buildings were chosen for qualitative evaluation to detectthe most important factors to register in the auditing process. In addition, a system to qualifydeterioration was developed using variables of time, building use and construction type. Then750 buildings were selected and evaluated on three principal north-south streets and twosecondary east-west streets.To predict the preliminary deterioration of facades, information was processed statistically tofind different functions with respect to the variables chosen and to time. The calibrationprocess of the model has begun. Detailed instrumentation is being used to fit the model to thedata for every period of time, use and construction type.In addition, the process of evaluation of the internal deterioration for selected buildings hasbegun. The objective is to formulate a detailed model and to connect it to the external modelto develop a simulation and management system for various kinds of buildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 277

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 810MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF METAL TIES FORSECURITY NETS AND IPE’sJavier García Barba, Ramón Irles Más, Juan Carlos Pomares TorresDepartment of Engineering of ConstructionUniversity of Alicante, Spaine-mail: javier.garciabarba@ua.esKey words: metal, tie, security, net, ipeAbstractCompliance with the current Spanish and European legislation on fall protection from heightsin the different phases of civil engineering or construction projects ensures that workers willperform their jobs in a safe environment. However, although the rules clearly regulate thefeatures of individual protective equipment (IPE) -such as fall arrest devices, fasteningsystems or harnesses-, they do not account for the elements that must yield the appropriatestatic and dynamic mechanical behaviour of different systems, i.e. the anchors of both netsand IPE. This study attempts to define the necessary conditions that must govern theimplementation of tests for the different types of anchoring, examining the material used insafety devices.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 278

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 813CERTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS INPORTUGAL – MOTIVATIONS VS. RESULTS ANDIMPLEMENTATION DIFFICULTIES OF THE QMS ISO 9001Liliana Pinto*, Caroline Dominguez*, João Varajão* , **, António Cunha** Departamento de Engenharias, ** Centro ALGORITMISchool of Sciences and TechnologiesUniversidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto DouroApartado 1013, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Reale-mail: lprpinto@hotmail.com; carold@utad.pt; jvarajao@utad.pt; acunha@utad.ptKey words: construction, management, system, quality, certification.AbstractConstruction companies decide to implement the Quality Management System ISO 9001 formany different reasons. However, the expected results are not always achieved as desired. Inorder to characterize the reality of the implementation of quality certification in the companiesof this sector, a survey was conducted within certified Portuguese construction firms. Thatmade possible to identify aspects like the main motives for certification, the results achieved,the difficulties encountered during the implementation, among others. Client’s satisfactionand the increase of product’s quality are pointed out as the main objectives of certification,being the main difficulties related with the time and inherent costs necessary for theimplementation of the process.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 279

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 814MANAGEMENT OF A LIGHTING SYSTEM OF A BUILDINGSUPPORTED ON INTERACTIVE MODELSAlcínia Z. Sampaio, Miguel M. Ferreira, and Daniel P. RosárioDepartment of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureTechnical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugale-mail: zita@civil.ist.utl.pt, m_mferreira@hotmail.com, derosario@gmail.comKey words: Interactive visual interface, data visualization, collaborative environments, virtual reality,building management.AbstractThe first component of a building implemented in a virtual prototype concerning themanagement of a building is a lighting system. It was applied in a study case. The interactiveapplication allows the examination of the physical model, visualizing, for each elementmodeled in 3D and linked to a database, the corresponding technical information concernedwith the use of the material, calculated for different points in time during their life. Thecontrol of a lamp stock, the constant updating of lifetime information and the planning ofperiodical local inspections are attended on the prototype. This is an important mean ofcooperation between collaborators involved in the building management.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 280

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 815CAD AND VR TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERINGEDUCATION, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, ANDREHABILITATIONAlcínia Z. Sampaio, Miguel M. Ferreira, Daniel P. Rosário and Octávio P. MartinsDep. Civil Engineering and ArchitectureTechnical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugale-mail: zita@civil.ist.utl.pt, m_mferreira@hotmail.com, derosario@gmail.com, octaviom@civil.ist.utl.ptKey words: Engineering education, construction, rehabilitation, management, CAD, virtual reality.AbstractWhere educational validity is concerned, a school of engineering can reasonably be expectedto constantly update computational resources in frequent use in the professions. VirtualReality (VR) technology could be applied as a complement to three-dimensional (3D)modelling, leading to better communication whether in vocational training, in education or inprofessional practice. Techniques of 3D modelling and VR were applied to the developmentof models related to the construction process. The 3D models created to support rehabilitationdesign emerge as an important tool for the monitoring of anomalies in structures and to assistdecisions based on the visual analyses of alternative solutions. The VR model created to helpthe management of lighting systems in buildings allows the visual and interactivetransmission of information related to the physical behaviour of the elements, defined as afunction of the time variable. Didactic interactive models showing construction works werealso developed. These applications allow the visual simulation of the physical progression ofeach type of work and also assist in the study of the necessary equipment needed and how itfunctions on site. The introduction of CAD and VR techniques in school is helpful to studentsin order to prepare them to consider these technologies as important supports, later in theirprofessional practice.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 281

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 816MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENTMichele Di Sivo and Daniela LadianaDepartment of Technology for Built EnvironmentUniversity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti and Pescarae-mail: mdisivo@unich.it; d.ladiana@unich.itKey words: quality, safety, maintenance, design, management.AbstractDependability represents a new approach to projecting, constructing and managing complexsystems, and its primary objective is to guarantee them a safe life cycle.It should be noted that the dependability approach to building system project and managementpermits to obtain results better than the individual implementation of its sub-requirements,since by implementing a building process, these sub-requirements influence each other: thesafety needs affect the building system dependability and maintainability levels, and at thesame time they determine any possible prevention and protection actions. On the other hand,the maintenance activity guarantees a controlled and permanent efficacy of the safetyassessment as well as of the predetermined dependability levels.The important contribution this requirement can provide results from projecting andmanaging building systems through the optimization not only of the technical availability butalso of the safety driving factor. Indeed, the integration of these two sub-requirements gives todependability a highly strategic value. Indeed, by recognizing hazards and risks, it is easier“to decide how to decide” under a field characterized by complexity.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 282

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 818A CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMETHOD FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF PROJECTSFOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSJoão Pedro Patrício Teixeira Júlio, Anabela Gonçalves Correia de Paiva, Caroline ElisabethDominguezDepartment of EngineeringSchool of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugale-mail: jpjulio@gmail.com; apaiva@utad.pt; carold@utad.ptKey words: quality, residential buildings, designAbstractThe work presented in this paper is inserted in the activities of the Trás-os-Montes e AltoDouro Construction Observatory (OC-TMAD) in Portugal and has the objective of improvingthe quality of residential buildings through the development of a method which evaluates thequality of the design of this type of buildings.A comparative analysis of a group of assessment methods for residential buildings projectsoften used in Japan, United States of America, Hong Kong and of existing proposalsdeveloped in Portugal will be presented. This analysis allows to highlight the parameters mostfrequently used to evaluate the quality of residential construction projects and constructionsthemselves.The critical opinion of experts is then added to the analysis leading to a hierarchical set ofgreat categories, areas of evaluation and criteria to be taken into account in the method to bedeveloped by the OC-TMAD in the future.The hierarchy of aspects, distributed in forty areas of evaluation, is set to cover variousaspects of building/housing, related to location, indoor environment, materials, energy, wateruse, constructive and economic aspects.Although the aspects relating to sustainable construction cover a large part of the futureevaluation method, the constructive ones are still important targets, construction still practicedin Portugal does not dismiss its inclusion.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 283

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 819THE MODERNITY EXHIBITED BY THE BUILDINGTECHNOLOGIES ADOPTED FOR NINETEENTH CENTURYTRENTINE FORTRESSESi Giorgio Cacciaguerra i , i Maria Paola Gatti iii Department of Civil and Environmental Engineeringi University of the Trento, Italye-mail: giorgio.cacciaguerra@ing.unitn.it; paola.gatti@ing.unitn.itKey words: fortifications, valorization, conservation, paper guidelines, instructions, format, papersize, maximum lengthAbstractNineteenth century Trentine fortifications offer the historian a rich vein of research. Albeit asad witness to the bellicosity of modern history, they nevertheless document developments inconstruction materials and technologies and the consequent spin-offs that were to benefit thecivil construction industry.The need to build a significant number of military engineering works led to the formalstandardisation of sites, sizes, construction methods, bureaucratic procedures andmaintenance. This standardisation was later to condition civilian construction practices.Consequently, uncovering the decision-making and operational coding prepared by themilitary bureaucracy in building the engineering works of the fortified garrison of Trentoseems a worthwhile research objective. Moreover, the code brings to light embryonic qualitycontrolconcepts in the construction and maintenance stages.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 284

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 820A BRIDGE INSPECTION SYSTEM WITH INTELLIGENTASSISTANCEMontserrat Sanchez and LLuis.GilDepartment of Strength of Materials and Enginnering EstructuresUniversitat Politécnica de Catalunyae-mail: montserrat.sanchez@upc.eduKeywords: bridge inspection, expert system, decision makingAbstractGovernments and private bridge managers are currently emphasising bridge maintenance andseeking to expand the life of existing bridges through sustainability. Bridge management is acomplex task in which costs, service quality, and safety must be balanced. Good decisionmakingdepends on good inspection data. Inspectors check for defects and propose repairs. Inextreme cases, the bridge must be demolished. At the Technical University of Catalonia(UPC) we have developed a web-based system for decision-making in bridge management.Our system provides a bridge inventory to facilitate organization of data, inspections andprocesses, and offers an expert knowledge database for diagnosing pathologies, performinginterventions, and making budget estimates. Maintenance planning can be applied to a singlebridge or applied globally to a group of bridges. The System enables more reliable, moreefficient and safer maintenance and restoration of bridges. These capabilities were integratedusing web-based technology, which is highly amenable to bridge management, as it allowsmulti-user access in real time during inspection. The System was tested by the companyATISAE in routine inspections of bridges in Spain. It should prove valuable to bridgemanagers, inspectors and designers.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 285

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 822THE NEED FOR LEGAL REGULATION IN SPAIN ABOUTTHE FIGURE OF PROJECT & CONSTRUCTION MANAGER(1) Jaime Rubio Landart (2)Manuel José Soler Severino(1)PhD Architecture. Full Professor, ETSAM-UPM(2)Architect. Associate Professor, ETSAM-UPMDepartment of Construction and Technology in ArchitectureTechnical School of Architecture of Madrid - ETSAMTechnical University of Madrid - UPMe-mail: manueljose.soler@upm.esKey words: Project Manager, Construction Manager, Integral Project DirectorAbstractThe figure of Project Manager in building has exponentially grown in Spain since 1990, whenit first was introduced by foreign Multinational Corporations due to their international clients’demands to be able to make buildings in the image and likeness of the steps followed in theirorigin countries, to present (2010). Legal regulation is nonexistent in spain. The Building Act(Ley de Ordenación de la Edificación) does not include the figure as an agent with a personalidentity, nor does it states its duties and obligations.If the main construction projects are carried out with the incorporation of a Project Manager,why is this not legally regulated?If the Public Administration incorporates the services of Project Manager in certain contracts,why is this not legally regulated?In this article we intend to give an approach and serve as a starting point for a possible debateover its incorporation in the Building Act (Ley Orgánica de Edificación - LOE), as anindependent agent, with its duties, obligations and responsibilities, which is why we intend togive it a name in Spanish, as well as attributions connected with its task in building.To this end we have analyzed the preliminary data provided by a joint research from theETSAM and the AEDIP, with the help of M. Pedro Dubié, secretary of the AEDIP (SpanishAssociation for Integrated Project Management), employer organisation composed of themain firms carrying out this activity in Spain, as well as a study commissioned by theprestigious English law firm CLIFFORD CHANCE, as a basis to raw conclusions that can beimplemented in the Spanish regulation based on the Building Act from 1999.The conlusion is to offer with this research a possible draft for its subsequent discussion andthat it facilitates the need to regulate this figure, so in demand in the Spanish market.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 286

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 824THE IMPACT OF THE DIRECTIVE YARD INREDUCINGACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTIONCristina Reis 1 , Victor Abrantes 2 , Carlos Oliveira 31Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Tràs-os_Montes e Alto Douro, Portugale-mail: crisreis@utad.pt2Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Porto, Faculty of Engineering, Portugale-mail: abrantes@fe.up.pt3School of Technology and ManagementPolytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugale-mail: carlosoli@estg.ipvc.ptKey words: Work Accidents in Construction, Safety and Health Plan, Security CoordinatorAbstractThis study was based on the analysis of work accidents at the Portuguese construction sectorand also on the implementation of Safety and Health Plans at construction works.The data/information achieved for this analysis was obtained from the accidents inquiries ofthe authorities for the working conditions in Portugal and from the analysis of theimplementation of Safety and Health Plans at construction works. This information was thestarting point of a database created to know and understand the cause of accidents.When knowing the cause of accidents, it is possible to deeply investigate the impact of thetransposition of the directive yards in our nation. This is crucial to reduce accidents at work.With the conclusion of this study we aim to check in which way Safety and Health Plans arebeing implemented and taken into consideration by the security coordinators.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 287

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 825MANAGER OF HOUSING CONDOMINIUM. ACONTRIBUTION TO MINIMIZE PROBLEMS ARISINGFROM MULTI-FAMILY BUILDINGSCalejo Rodrigues R., Brandão R.GUEQUALTEC, Department of Civil EngineeringPorto University, Faculty of Engineeringe-mail: calejo@fe.up.ptKey words: building maintenance, building management, residential condominiumsAbstractLike a human being, a building ages and develops physical and functional maladies. Unlike ahuman being, a building doesn't have a general practitioner, exerting its influence in aprophylactic and healing manner. Consequently, buildings develop a tendency to age in ahastily and "unhealthy" fashion. Though healing processes are aimed at solving technical andeconomical problems, in housing condominiums social problems are of central importance.Management systems currently developed generally forget the central role of the buildingmanager in addressing these social problems.This document will undertake a discussion over the recurring and quotidian problems inmulti-family residential buildings, identifying the need to institute its Manager - dubbed theHousing Condominiums Manager - HCM - as a specialized person responsible for handlingthe complexity generated by buildings of this type.Basic principles for guiding the manager's efforts are laid out and the conclusion that theexistence of this manager is crucial to an efficient operation of this type of buildingthroughout its useful life.Being a relatively new area, and in view of the numerous issues left unaddressed, somesuggestions for further study on the subject are given37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 288

TOPIC IX – BUILDING TECHNOLOGY ANDCONSTRUCTION: STRUCTURES, SERVICES ANDCLADDINGS.TOPIC IXBUILDING TECHNOLOGY ANDCONSTRUCTION: STRUCTURES,SERVICES AND CLADDINGS.• TECHNOLOGICAL BASES AND CONCEPTS.• EVOLUTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION.• INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PRECAST SOLUTIONS. INTELLIGENTBUILDINGS.• TECHNOLOGY OF STRUCTURES AND GEOTECHNIC.• SERVICES, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES: HEATING, AIRCONDITIONING, LIFTS, ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING, SEWAGE,TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ETC.• TECHNOLOGY OF CLADDINGS AND FINISHED CLOSINGS.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 289

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 901STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS INMADRID REGION AND PROPOSED RETROFITTINGTECHNIQUER. SenthivelResearch, Development and Innovation DepartmentAcciona Infrastructures, Madrid, Spain.Key words: masonry infill, soft story, silt column, seismic analysis, dynamics, earthquakeAbstractA large number of existing historical cultural heritage buildings in the world needsretrofitting. The April 6, 2009 morning L'Aquila (a historic city found in 13th century)earthquake in Italy caused significant damage to historical buildings. In general, most of thehistorical buildings are non-standard and do not meet the current level of desired structuralsafety. The authors have visited the different historical building sites located in and aroundMadrid region including Toledo, Segovia, Cuéllar, Samboal, Coca and Arévalo. The historicalholy city, Toledo is located in the South of Madrid and the other cities are locatedapproximately in the North of Madrid (Spain). From the on site visual inspection, observationand data collection, the historical buildings are classified into three types depends up on theconstruction materials used. An effective unobtrusive retrofitting technique using head andbed joint FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) rebar reinforcement is proposed for upgradingstrength of the historical buildings to meet the current structural safety code requirements.The retrofitting materials (such as primer, epoxy, and FRP rebars) in the proposed retrofittingtechnique is designed, developed and manufactured at the Acciona Infrastructures and testedat the laboratory. This paper presents outline of the historical building site visit and propose aFRP (GFRP) retrofitting techniques for historical buildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 290

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 903STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE IN HOUSINGAPPLICATIONSRené Pepin and Aitor Osa HorcajoSteel Fibre Profit CentreArcelorMittal Wire Solutions, Luxembourge-mail: aitor.osa-horcajo@arcelormittal.com; rene.pepin@arcelormittal.comKey words: housing, steel fibre reinforced concrete, refurbishment, foundationsAbstractSteel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) has been used for several decades in constructionwork. However its application has for a long time been limited to non-structural applicationslike industrial floors on grade and temporary work like shotcrete linings in tunneling. Sinceseveral years, SFRC has now as well been introduced in more structural concrete applications.The present paper shows the state of the art, how SFRC has been progressing over the lastyears in structural applications in different European countries. This covers:• Foundation plates and basement walls for housing units in Germany and Austria• General raft foundation for office and housing buildings in Belgium and Luxembourg• Waffle slab foundation for dwellings including pile support in the United Kingdom• Free spanning only fibre reinforced TAB-Slab floors in housing in numerousEuropean countriesThe presentation focuses mainly on realized projects showing advantages and benefits whenusing steel fibres instead of traditional reinforcement. The present document deals as wellwith the actual situation regarding certification, indications regarding design and realization.The paper closes with an outlook about what the authors believe will be possible to realize inSFRC over the next years and decades.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 291

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 910THE REINFORCED FOUNDATIONS AND THE NEWCELLARS BELOW THE HISTORIC BUILDINGSGómez-Hermoso, JesúsDepartment of Madrid Building IIFCC Construcción, S. A.e-mail: jgomezh@fcc.comKey words: historic building, brick wall, deep foundation, jet grouting, pile, micro-pileAbstractThis paper develops the analysis, the project and the construction of two ancient buildings:The National Ballet Headquarter and the Buen Retiro Palace. First was built at the beginningof 20 th century and second was built at the 18 th century.The Buen Retiro Palace had half cellar, ground floor, two usual floor and the roof. The objectof actuation was to complete the cellar situated immediately under ground floor and to buildother cellar below it. The method that it was used was to make micro-pile under the brickwall, to join both (micro-pile and wall), to excavate two floor, to reinforce the micro-pile withconcrete and to complete the pavement and the new light wall. In different areas it wasnecessary to use different methods that will describe in the paper.The National Ballet Headquarter had others problems. It was a building that was used likecowshed from its construction to 70´s years. It was without use for 20 years and after it wasrebuilt to this function. It was divided in 19 equal spaces separated with brick wall. To restorethe building it was necessary to fix important fissures in the walls and to consolidate thefoundation with jet grouting and micro-pile methods.This paper will describe how we can use both methods (jet grouting and micro-pile), to createnew cellars below the building and to reinforced the foundation without important buildingmovements and controlling them.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 292

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 911STABILISED LATERITE BRICKS AS AN APPROPRIATEWALLING MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASINGHOUSING STOCK IN SOME SELECTED AFRICANCOUNTRIES1Olatunde Arayela and 2 Abraham Taiwo1Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.e-mail:aratuns@yahoo.com2Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.e-mail:abraham_taiwo@yahoo.comKey words: Housing Shortage, Dwelling Units, Laterite BricksAbstractHousing shortage, is a worldwide phenomenon among developing and developed countries. Itwas against this background that the delegates at the 1976 United Nations Conference onHuman Settlement (Habitat) in Vancouver, Canada, demanded a completely new and radicalapproach to housing policy. The policy was expected to have a strong political and financialcommitment by governments especially in helping the poorest citizens of the world. In manyAfrican countries, this programme has not been effectively implemented since the 1976delegates conference. It was in recognition of the magnitude of housing needs in Africancountries that made the United Nations estimate an annual construction rate of between 8 and10 dwelling units per a thousand population for African and other developing countries asagainst the low level annual production of housing, estimated at between 2 and 4 dwellingunits per a thousand population in 1985 (UNDP, 1990).Many African countries, have not complied with the 1976 United Nations recommendation.This recommendation was largely not complied with, as a result of financial and technologicalincapability. It is believed that if importation of expensive construction materials could besubstantially reduced, especially in regions where there are acceptable locally availablealternatives that are based on appropriate construction technology, such a measure can reducecost of construction, increase housing stock and also increase foreign reserve of the economyof many African countries (Arayela, 2003).In contemporary times, there is a growing desire of many emerging economies of Africa toimitate the new technological innovations of developing countries, particularly in the area ofhousing development, without adequate consideration being paid to their ecological andcultural values, as well as their National Gross Domestic Product (NGDP), which in mostcases could not offer adequate financial support to such development.This paper focuses on some African countries housing development efforts and recommendsthe use of Stabilized Laterite Brick that is cheap, durable and readily available as anappropriate technology for walling for building construction works in Africa.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 293

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 915ABOUT THE SUBLIMATION OF STRUCTURESAPHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHDavid Montero BrizUniversity of San Pablo CEUstevemcqueen9@hotmail.comKey words:Abstract37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 294

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 917AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND GEOGRAPHY: ANINTRODUCTORY COMPARISONMiguel Cavique i and António Gonçalves-Coelho iii Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of TechnologyInstituto Politécnico de Setúbal,Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Setúbal,Portugale-mail: miguel.cavique@estsetubal.ips.pti UNIDEMI,i Department of Mechanical and IndustrialEngineering,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT),Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugale-mail:miguel.cavique@fct.unl.ptii UNIDEMI,ii Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT),Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugale-mail: goncalves.coelho@fct.unl.ptKey words: Air-conditioning systems, fan-coils, induction unitsAbstractAir conditioning systems (HVAC) play a main role in the indoor ambience and have importantrepercussions in the outdoor environment. In the indoor ambience, comfort and air quality (IAQ) arethe main components for that purpose. In addition, in what concerns to the outdoor environment, theenergy and the CO 2 emissions are the main issues. Anyway, the market tends to define a systemwithout taking into account the local climate conditions.This paper compares two air conditioning systems, applied to a building in Lisbon and subjected tothe common indoor air psychrometric and ventilation conditions: the fan-coil unit (FCU) airconditioning system, often used in the buildings of southerner countries of EU; and the induction unitsystem (IU), an old system recently reengineered in the Scandinavian countries.The evaluation of both systems employ the Energy Plus building thermal model, which allowsobtaining the heat loads of the different zones of the building. A post-processing program uses thesedata, in combination with the outdoor air psychrometric conditions and the ventilation air flow. Ateach hour of the year, the program calculates the Fanger PMV comfort index, the percentage ofdissatisfied with the indoor CO 2 concentration and the energy consumption of each system.One concludes that both systems are able to fulfil the requirements. Nevertheless, the VC systemperforms better than the IU system in what relates to the comfort indexes and to the consumption ofenergy. The opposite is valid in terms of IAQ indexes.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 295

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 919DETERMINATION OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF A MASONRYELEMENT AFFECTED BY HIGH TEMPERATURESREACHED IN A FIREMaciá Torregrosa, Mª Eugenia 1 and Rolando Ayuso, Antonio 21 Departamento de Ingeniería de EdificaciónEPS. Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madridmemacia@ceu.es2 Departamento de Construcción y Tecnología ArquitectónicasETSAM. Universidad Politécnica, Madridantonio.rolando@upm.esKey words: fire resistance, masonry, heat transmission, high temperatures, experimental testAbstractThe determination of fire resistance of a masonry element is a complex question that only canbe approached across numerical and experimental analysis. The masonry stress-strengthanalysis at high temperatures is a particular thermo mechanical problem.The main objective of this study is to provide information and criteria with theoreticalexperimentalbase to carry out the evaluation of a masonry element that has been affected bythe high temperatures reached in a fire.The process of heat transmission across a material, which carries the variation of the thermalproperties depending on the temperature, is directly related to the bearing capacity of themasonry element when it is subjected to service load as when the element comes to breakingload. In both cases, always in presence of high temperatures, the mechanical behaviour of anelement is the relation between its response or strain and stress on an applied load.This article shows an experimental investigation, carried on masonry elements subjected tothermo-mechanical actions, to obtain a stress-strength relation at high temperatures.For the work evolution the developed scientific methodology includes as much theexperimental tests programs as the mechanism and the test procedure. An experimental heattransference device that has been developed combines both thermal and mechanical actionsallowing submit the specimens to a stationary and uniform evolution of their field oftemperatures. In this way the influence in a stress-strength diagram of high temperatures in amasonry element subjected to compression under variable load has been analyzed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 296

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 920NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CLADDINGS: POLYMERICCURTAIN WALLSJ. Astudillo, M. Mateos, M. GarcíaDepartment of Architecture and Technologies for ConstructionCIDEMCO-TecnaliaE-mail: julen.astudillo@cidemco.esKey words: curtain wall, claddings, composites, polymerAbstractThis presentation summarizes the results obtained in the European research project“Polymeric nanocomposite profiles for curtain walls” under the FP7. Substitution of typicalaluminium profiles by polymeric composites can lead to several advantages like betterthermal behaviour, lower weight and absence of corrosion. First of all the requirements thatcomposites must fulfil to substitute aluminium profiles of curtain walls were analysed.Different composites based on both thermoplastic and thermoset polymers and various fibreswere studied. Mechanical analysis showed that thermoset-based composites were moreaccurate as metal replacement. Design analysis together with simulation studies of thecladding behaviour with the new materials indicate that a modification in the design of acurtain wall is needed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 297

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 921INFLUENCE OF THE CDW’S TREATMENT PROCESS ONTHE CHARACTERISTICS OF MIXED RECYCLEDAGGREGATES FOR NON-STRUCTURAL CONCRETEI. J. Vegas 1 , A. Lisbona 1 , M. Sanchez de Juan 2 , M.D. Carvajal 31Construction UnitLABEIN-TECNALIA, Spainijvegas@labein.es alisbona@labein.es2Structures and Materials LaboratoryCEDEX, SpainMarta.Sanchez@cedex.es3R&D DepartmentSACYR SAU, Spainmdcarvajal@gruposyv.comKey words: construction and demolition waste, mixed recycled aggregates, physical-chemicalcharacterization, treatment technologies, CDW treatment plantsAbstractConstruction and Demolition Waste (CDW) has dramatically increased in Spain over the pastfew years. Likewise, the production of recycled aggregates has prompted new pre-regulationdevelopment to encourage their use in non-structural concrete.The objective of this work is to study the relationship between production technology inCDW treatment plants and the properties of the final mixed recycled aggregate they produce.An experimental program has been carried out, including physical-mechanical and chemicalcharacterization of samples taken from several mixed recycled aggregates. Different Spanishplants and their treatment systems have been selected for analysis in this study.It is concluded that the production technology at the plant is related to the characteristics ofthe recycled aggregate. Thus, gypsum content depends on the number of manual sortingstages, whereas lightweight particle content depends on the number of pneumatic separators.Finally, the shape index depends on the number of crushing steps and the number of screeningpoints.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 298

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 922HOT WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTD. Ocipova, Z. VranayovaDepartment of Indoor Engineering and Building ServicesTechnical University of Košice, Slovakiae-mail: daniela.ocipova@tuke.skKey words: bacteria Legionella, hot water, water heater tank, simulation model, risk analysisAbstractWater is a global challenge of the 21st century, both in terms of available resourcesmanagement as well as the world's population access to drinking water and sanitation. We arefacing the need to ensure water quality by using technical systems, and thus a basicrequirement of life for today's civilization is becoming a treatment, transport, heating andwater purification. Taking into consideration all these facts we decided to extent our researchon hot water quality management. The presence of the bacteria Legionella in water systemsespecially in the hot water distribution system represents in terms of health protection ofinhabitants the crucial problem which is not possible to overlook. There are a lot of guidelinesand regulations developed in many individual countries for the design, operation andmaintenance for tap water systems to avoid the growth of bacteria Legionella. Controlmeasures have proved that the thermal disinfection is not a suitable system treatment. Newstrategies are tend to permanent disinfection due to the fact that spasmodic disinfection is notenough reliable to ensure required standard. It is on the designer to safeguard the maximumreliability not only for a startup operation but for the whole longevity of the design system.As the outcome the package of precautionary recommendations and technical measures wasprepared to reduce the risk of Legionella. In our experiment, using of Water QualityManagement methods, especially Risk analysis, the water heater tank was verified as a sourceof Legionellas. Water temperature is one of the risky factors so we simulated the layering oftemperature and water flow velocity in boiler by Fluent 6.3. One of the most significantoutcomes is a Simulation model that could be used for similar types of water heater tanks toshow the risky layers and stagnant water.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 299

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 926ADDITIONS IN GLASS REINFORCED CONCRETE FORMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND AESTHETICIMPROVEMENT IN PREFABRICATED FAÇADE PANELSJ.M. Pastor 1 , C. Corpas 2 , R. Zangróniz 1 , J. Martínez 1 , J. Peña 1,31E.U. Politécnica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (U.C.L.M.), Campus Universitario, 16071-Cuenca.2SEIS, Soluciones de Edificación Integrales y Sostenibles, S.A., Avda. de Manoteras, 44, Edificio Delta Norte28050 Madrid.3Dept. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Fac. Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (U.C.M.),28040-MadridKey words: Glass reinforced concrete (GRC), porosity, wettability, efflorescences, Prefabricatedfaçade panels, long-term weatherabilityAbstractGlassfibre Reinforced Concrete (GRC) is one of the most versatile building materialsavailable to architects and engineers. Mainly composed of cement, sand and special alkaliresistant glassfibres, GRC is a thin, high strength concrete with many applications inconstruction. In addition to the above-mentioned components GRC may contain additionalfiller materials, pozzolanic aditives and admixtures. In this sense, polymer emulsions havebeen included in GRC formulations in order to improve the fluidity of the slurry, the curingprocedure, the strain capacity of the hardened product, and, ultimately, the long-termweatherability of the composite.This work, in collaboration with SEIS (ACS group), has focused on the influence of differentadditives on the final performance of this material, including the arising of efflorescences thatdeteriorate its visual aspect. The porosity percentage, pore size distribution and density,determined by means of Hg intrusion porosimetry, has a critical role on the final performanceof this material affecting both its mechanical properties and its interaction with water. Thewater migration inside the material: liquid extraction during the drying process and waterintake/outtake due to humid/hot weather cycles, are responsible for the fixation of pollutantsin the materials as well as for the precipitation of the water dissolved salts onto the panel’ssurface in the form of efflorescences. In this sense, the so obtained panels are aged underdifferent conditions in order to simulate the behavior of these materials as a function of timeand climatic conditions and to envisage their possible ocurrence. The wettability of theprepared panels ranges from a highly hydrophilic behavior, i.e. a homogeneous and fastsoaking, to the formation of droplets onto the surface of the panels thus indicating a morehydrophobic performance. In addition, the consequences of these weatherability testprograms on the mechanical properties on these composites are reported.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 300

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 927INNOVATION BASED ON ALTERNATIVE USE OFMATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN BUILDINGINDUSTRYManuel Cabeza GonzálezDepartment of Industrial System Engineering and DesignUniversidad Jaume ICastellón de la Plana, Spaine-mail: cabeza@esid.uji.esKey words: technology, construction, aeronautical industry.AbstractThe main objective of this study is to observe how advances in building technology are notalways determined by the use of more innovative materials or highly technologicalconstruction techniques. Evolution in this field can be determined by an unusual use ofmaterials in construction, making it possible to develop new techniques for the application ofthese materials within the construction process.This unusual use of building materials was often resorted to in Spain during the first half ofthe twentieth century, as a result of the lack of resources and the need for quality production.Thus, the building industry found new and unexpected applications for materials, whichprompted the development of building techniques for the correct resolution of the innovativeplans proposed.On other occasions the introduction of materials and technologies from other similardisciplines, such as the aeronautical industry, further removed the building industry fromtraditional practices, although the lack of major technological achievements meant thattradition and innovation could be combined.An analysis of present-day construction processes has shown how, in addition to solvingspecific problems, many of these applications have also brought about advances inconstruction technology, even formalising new patents which are commercially available atpresent.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 301

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 928PUBLIC HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION INNOVATION INEUROPE.CURRENT SITUATION AND TENDENCIESJaume Avellaneda Díaz-Grande, José María González Barroso, Katarina Mrkonjic, ClaraGonzález ManichDepartment of Architectural Technology IBarcelona School of ArchitectureTechnical University of CataloniaKey words:AbstractIndustrialized housing construction in the last hundred years has been one of the main vectorsof the evolution in construction. Nowadays, housing by these systems has still a strong vitalitythat offers new possibilities to potential techniques and systems of various materials, shapesand even the hybridization between them. That is why it is a subject of this study with a hightechnical interest.Two years ago, the Department of Architectural Technology I at the Technical University ofCatalonia, and the Institut Català del Sol - main promoter of public housing construction inCatalonia- signed a collaboration agreement for research and technological development ofindustrialized construction housing. Specifically, the agreement is entitled "Research onprocesses, techniques and industrialized building systems in residential buildings." Part of theagreement is the exchange of information and achievements in the fields of research andapplication of technology in the construction of multifamily residential buildings. The studyof the significant experiences and buildings has been developed in countries of the EuropeanUnion in the field of industrialized building and constructive innovation. Specifically, wehave chosen some case studies in European countries with a large experience in buildinghouses with these techniques and systems.The systematic presentation of the cases and the completed analysis is beyond the scope ofthis document. However, we put a special interest in advancing the processes, techniques andsystems that we believe to have further growth potential and act as models for thedevelopment in the technical scope.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 302

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 929TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION FROM THE PUBLICHOUSING PROMOTION: TECHNICAL INNOVATIONCOMPETITION. INCASOLJaume Avellaneda Díaz-Grande*, José María González Barroso*, Gonçal Marques Sagnier**,Jordi Vidal de Puig*** Department of Architectural Technology I. School of architecture of Barcelona** Institut Català del Sòl (INCASOL)Key words:Abstract37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 303

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 930DETECTION, PLACEMENT AND TRACKING LOADS ONSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTSF.J. Baeza, S. Ivorra, E. Zornoza, L.Gª AndiónDepartment of Construction EngineeringUniversity of Alicante, Alicante, Spaine-mail: sivorra@ua.esKey words: load tracking, load detection, health monitoring, smart structuresAbstractThis paper presents an analytical, numerical and experimental approach to detect, measure,locate and track moving loads in a structural element using discrete strain measures. Ananalytical model considering an Euler-Bernoulli beam was first studied in simple supportedbeam. Then a computer algorithm was implemented by using numerical models toautomatically detect, locate and track different concentrated loads on this structural element.Finally, steel and reinforced concrete beams were tested in the experimental phase to validatethe algorithm. Nowadays we are developing more structural types, as slabs (buildingfoundations) or plates (frameworks), and considering random boundary conditions. Togetherwith multifunctional cement composites capable of sensing strain and damage (carbon fiberreinforced cement pastes or mortars), it could be a breakthrough in the field of preventivemaintenance, offering a real time structural health monitoring system.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 304

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 931DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS INBUILDINGS. A REFLECTION ON THE RECENT EUROPEANSTANDARDIZATIONArmando Silva-Afonso 1 , Carla Pimentel-Rodrigues 21Universidade de Aveiro/GEOBIOTEC Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiroe-mail: silva.afonso@ua.pt2ANQIP Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiroe-mail: anqip@civil.ua.ptKey words: drainage, water supply, building services.AbstractSeveral European Standards have recently been published regarding the design, layout andcalculation of water supply and drainage systems in buildings. European Standard EN 806-3:2006 - Specifications for Installations Inside Buildings Conveying Water for HumanConsumption - Part 3: Pipe Sizing, for example, proposes a simplified method for sizingwater installations for human consumption inside buildings and is appropriate for currentinstallations.This paper provides a detailed description and a critical analysis of this simplified method anddiscusses the potential benefits of the generalization of this European Standard.Parts 2 and 3 of European Standard EN 12056:2000 - Gravity drainage systems insidebuildings regulate the design and sizing of wastewater and rainwater drainage, respectively.EN 12056 covers a wider range than EN 806, regulating all types of buildings and systems inEurope; some of its limitations are highlighted.The implication of these new regulatory schemes for water efficiency in buildings, includingthe use of rainwater, as well as the reuse and recycling of greywater is also discussed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 305

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 932EXPLORATION OF EXIGENCIAL DIAGNOSISMETHODOLOGY APPLIED TO BUILDING ENVELOPEREHABILITATIONJoão Carlos Gonçalves LanzinhaC-Made Centre of Materials and Building Technologies, Civil Engineering and Architecture Department,Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, Covilhã, Portugale-mail: joao.lanzinha@ubi.ptKey words: Rehabilitation of buildings, Diagnostic methods; Performance-based assessmentAbstractA lack of investment in maintenance and conservation has resulted in the decay of thehousing stock in Portugal, a situation exacerbated by failure to define and implement publicpolicies designed to encourage landlords to preserve the constructed heritage in our cities(which is of incalculable economic and cultural value). When the decision is taken tointervene in a building that shows significant signs of pathology, rehabilitation work shouldnot go ahead until a detailed diagnostic study has been performed. The resulting report shouldclearly identify problems encountered, establish their causes and suggest an interventionmethod designed to ensure that certain basic requirements are met. This paper aims tocontribute to the preparation of such diagnoses by presenting the outline of a new methodknown as Exigential Diagnosis Applied to the Rehabilitation of Buildings, supported by acomputer application called MEXREB. It also analyses the results of a validation study inwhich this methodology was applied to a series of 39 buildings (498 individual householdscontaining a total of 1086 residents).37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 306

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 933CORRELATIONS BETWEEN NON-DESTRUCTIVE ANDDESTRUCTIVE TESTS OF LOW STRENGTH CONCRETEKhodja Ali-Benyahia 1 , Said Kenai 2 , Mohamed Ghrici 11Civil Engineering Department, University of Chlef, Algeriae-mail: ali_bat2005@yahoo.fr, m_ghrici@yahoo.fr2Civil Engineering Department, University of Blida, Algeriae-mail: sdkenai@yahoo.comKey words: Construction sites, concrete, quality control, non-destructive tests, Schmidt hammer andultrasound testing.AbstractThe quality of concrete in the Algerian construction sites is often low. In the case of lowcompressive strength results, non-destructive tests such as impact rebound hammer andultrasonic pulse velocity are performed to check these results. Correlations curves from eitherequipment manufacturers or from the literature are used by quality control laboratories toestimate concrete strength. The estimation of strength based on these correlations is oftensubject to confusion and contradictory results when compared with the core test results. Thisclearly shows the need for appropriate correlations for concrete made with local materials andunder local environmental conditions. The main objective of this paper is to proposeappropriate simplified correlations for concretes made by local materials and for compressivestrength levels reflecting the conditions and current practices on building sites in Algeria. Thisstudy presents some correlations established between destructive and individual or combinednon destructive tests (Schmidt hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity) for better estimation ofpotential strength of concrete on site.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 307

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 934PROTECTION IN THE BUILDING TO THE LIGHTNINGF. J. Balbás, A. Ortiz, A. Madrazo, J.R. ArandaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and EnergyUniversity of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: balbasfj@unican.esKey words: surges, Faraday cage, Franklin rods, collecting rods.AbstractThis article aims to show to the designer the importance of protecting buildings beforelightning could damage them, not only from the point of view of the construction but alsoregarding its content and functionality. Once considered the low investment required andobtained the level of protection required by legislation, different security systems, theircharacteristics and a comparison between them are presented. This should serve the designerto decide on their choice and integration into their new projects.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 308

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 935ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE SPACE CONDITIONINGOF BUILDINGS IN SPAIN. IMPACT ON THE GLOBALCONSUMPTION, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND LINES OFACTIONJuan Carcedo, Carlos J. Renedo, Severiano Pérez, Inmaculada FernándezDepartment of Electric and Energy EngineeringUniversity of Cantabriae-mail: renedoc@unican.esKey words: Energy efficiency, energy rating, performance, Technical Building Code, carbon dioxideAbstractIn this paper, the authors analyze the evolution of the legal framework in Spain with regard tolimiting the consumption of energy for air conditioning of buildings. This analysis highlightsmainly the change of approach to the problem, from economic to ecological criteria, replacingthe concept of “thermal insulation of the building" by "building energy efficiency”. From thisnew approach raises the action lines aimed at achieving the objective: the reduction of energyconsumption in air conditioning.The starting point of the main priorities is the relationship established between the buildingdesign and layout of their facilities, so that only by acting together on both aspects can bereached satisfactory results as far as energy efficiency is concerns. This approach implies theneed for the architectural and engineering work coordinately pursuing the same goal.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 309

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 936ANALYSIS OF THE MOISTURE RELEASE MECHANISMSOF CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURESCapote J. A., Alvear D., Crespo J.Department of Transportation and Technology of Projects and Processes University of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: jorge.crespo@unican.esKey words: concrete, elevated temperatures, heat flux, moisture release, experimental program.AbstractPermeability of concrete depends on concrete microstructure and porosity, determines the rateof moisture release at normal and elevated temperatures, and has strong influence on thedevelopment of pore pressure within concrete at high temperatures.In the present work, an experimental methodology inspired in thermogravimetric methodswas developed. The proposed methodology permits the analysis of the mass loss rate of smallconcrete samples exposed to a fast unidirectional heating, to evaluate the rate of moisturerelease.Three types of normal strength concretes under two different heat exposures have beenanalyzed. Cylindrical concrete samples of 150 x 300 mm were mould and cast according toUNE-EN 12390-2:2009. After 60 days, cylindrical cores of 95 millimeters in diameter wereextracted. Samples were shaped to 48 ± 2 mm in height and were stored until the execution ofthe experiments at a minimum age of 90 days. Experimental works were conducted using ahigh precision load cell. The samples were exposed to two different heat fluxes (35kW/m 2and 75kW/m 2 ) for 30 or 60 minutes. Mass loss rate and temperatures in the exposed face andat 25 mm from the exposed face were measured. The temperatures in the lateral face of thesamples were also monitored using infrared thermography. A simple heat transfer analysisusing a FEM code was developed to estimate the temperatures at different depths in theconcrete samples.Results show that temperatures inside the samples were slightly affected by the moisturecontent. Samples with the higher moisture contents have lower temperatures. The moisturerelease rate depends on the water content. For the same exposure conditions, samples withhigher moisture content have higher mass loss rate. The moisture release rate was 40 % to 65% higher for the 75kW/m 2 heat flux.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 310

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 938A PROCEDURE TO ASSESS BUILDING STRUCTURALSAFETY BASED ON CONCRETE MATURITY METHODC. Vázquez-Herrero, I. Martínez-Lage, J. Eiras-López, G. Vázquez-HerreroDepartment of Construction TechnologyUniversity of La Coruñae-mail: cvazquezh@udc.esKey words: concrete maturity method, building, monitoring, nondestructive testingAbstractThe reduction of deadlines in building construction implies loading structures at early stages:mould and formwork removal, shoring, shoring-reshoring, transfer of prestress to concrete,among others, are carried out a few hours or days after concrete casting in slabs. To ensurethat structural safety requirements are met it is necessary to check that concrete has gotsufficient strength.Testing standard concrete specimens, although these are conserved “in situ” until their testingdoes not take into account the real thermal conditions in the structure, which are stronglyinfluenced by the element thickness, the type of formwork, the curing system, etc.Consequently this experimental technique is not representative to determine the mechanicalproperties of concrete at early ages (Malhotra, 2004).Concrete maturity method estimates accurately concrete strength at early age. This techniqueis based on registering the temperature history of a structure made from a previouslycalibrated concrete mix, and has been applied successfully to many structures worldwide.A research program has been developed in order to adapt the concrete maturity method to theSpanish concrete standard EHE-08. As a result a new procedure to estimate concrete maturityon the safe side has been developed. Also technical criteria to set appropriate deadlines forbuilding critical operations have been established: mould and formwork removal, shoring,shoring-reshoring, transfer of prestress to concrete, etc.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 311

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 939INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION, COMMUNICATIONAND AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HOUSINGREHABILITATIONSara Eloy i , Isabel Plácido ii , and José Duarte iii(i,iii) Technical University Lisbon, Portugal / (i,ii) National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, Lisbon, Portugale-mail: sara.eloy@iscte.pt, iplacido@lnec.pt, jduarte@fa.utl.ptKey words: information and communication technologies, home automation, domotic, rehabilitationAbstractThis paper addresses the integration of Information, Communication and AutomationTechnologies (ICAT) in the dwelling space so as to meet the needs of users. ICAT systemscan have a very important role in contemporary dwellings because of the benefits they bringto residents both from the ecological and social perspectives. The paper describes an ongoingPhD research that is concerned with the rehabilitation of the existing housing stock to fulfillthe new needs of dwellers in the current Information Society and with the consequences of theintegration of ICAT in dwellings. The research aims at the development of a rehabilitationmethodology devised to enable architects to take user needs and requirements in homeautomation matters into account from the beginning of the architectural design process.Ultimately, the proposed methodology will enable a compatible and properly integration ofICAT in architectural spaces and in their built envelope. The incorporation of new housingfunctions calls for a new approach to the design of domestic space, in which the diversity ofconventional spaces must interact with the inclusion of new multifunctional areas thataccommodate activities such as telework and telehealth in order to respond to the growingdemand of information access and of comfort at home. After a brief description of the generalmethodology, this paper focuses on the ecological and social benefits that ICAT brings to theenvironment, the construction industry, and the dwellers. Then it describes the impact ofICAT integration on the functional organization of the dwelling and on construction elementsand it lays down the strategies for an adequate integration from these two viewpoints.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 312

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 940EVALUATION OF CORROSION EFFECT IN REINFORCEDCONCRETE BY CHLORIDE EXPOSURE – FIRST RESULTSGiovanni Loreto *, Renato Iovino *** Phd student, Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy;giovanni.loreto@unina.it** Full professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italye-mail: reiovino@unina.itKey words: corrosion, concrete, accelerated test, rebar, service lifeAbstractDurability is generally described as the ability of a material to maintain its physical and mechanicalproperties over time. In reinforce concrete (RC) structures, concrete is the ideal material to protect(cover) the steel reinforcement, given its high alkalinity. In environments subjected to highlyaggressive conditions (mostly due to the presence of chlorides) concrete may lose its protectivecharacteristics causing then the corrosion of the steel reinforcement and accelerating the ageing.Concrete degradation and steel reinforcement corrosion are phenomena closely connected.The aim of this work is the characterization of the relationship between corrosion of the steelreinforcement and concrete degradation, subjected to ageing by means of accelerate test in salt(chloride) environmental. The accelerated corrosion test is developed by the method of linearpolarization, used for identification of corrosion rate of the steel rebar. In this feature the values ofresidual strength characteristics of the material can be obtained, in relation with both the corrosion rateand width of cracks. If the time to reach a certain concentration and the corrosion speed of the rebarsare known, it is possible to draw a graph to predict the work life of the concrete cover.This paper shows the results these tests.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 313

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 941EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CONCRETEDURABILITYGiovanni Loreto *, Ciro Varriale**, Renato Iovino **** Phd student, Department of Urban and Regional PlanningUniversity of Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy; giovanni.loreto@unina.it** Phd, Department of Urban and Regional PlanningUniversity of Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy*** Full professor, Department of Urban and Regional PlanningUniversity of Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italye-mail: reiovino@unina.itKey words: durability, concrete, accelerated test, carbonationAbstractDurability is the ability of a material to last over time, which means to resist the variousfactors to which it is exposed and can cause degradation.The research herein described aimed at quantifying the relationship between the structureaging of cement conglomerates (or decay resistance) and the action of corrosive agents. Forthis reason, aging accelerated tests were carried out on three mix designs that allowed valuingthe effects of degradation induced by aggression agents. The three mixes are different fromeach other only because of the type of cement and resistance characteristic. This allows tostudy the mixtures with similar characteristics and to assess experimentally various behaviorsdue to induced aggression.The main objective of this study was to investigate the durability of concrete, specificallyrelated to the action of carbonation and aggression of sodium chloride. A mathematical modelwas developed to calculate the residual mechanical strength of the material in function of thepenetration depth of the agent aggressive.This article shows the results of the tests.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 314

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 942PROTOTYPE THERMOELECTRIC CLIMATE SYSTEM FORITS USE IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSCésar Martín Gómez a , María Eguaras a , Natalia Mambrilla a , Joaquín Torres a , Juan CarlosRamos b , and Alejandro Rivas ba Department of Construction Science – Installations and EnergyUniversidad de Navarrae-mail: instetsaun@unav.esb Department of Mech. Engineering, Thermal and Fluids Engineering DivTECNUN (Universidad de Navarra)e-mail: jcramos@tecnun.es / arivas@tecnun.esKey words: Architecture, HVAC, thermoeletric, residential, efficiency.AbstractThe School of Architecture of the University of Navarra has begun a project which consists inconstructing a prefabricated module, consisting of a simplified inhabited housing unit, andmonitoring over the course of one year the behavior of a thermoelectric installation thatprovides service to this module.The principal objective of the project is to quantify the response capacity of a thermoelectricclimate control system applied to a prototype, and evaluate its energy and economic costs inthe case that the system were applied in an apartment building.The development of this project represents the application in the field of construction of atechnology that already is in use in other areas, fundamentally the military and aerospace.Therefore, we do not seek to demonstrate the performance of Peltier cells per se, but rather toevaluate how they function when applied to the residential area, and to analyze both thepositive and negative aspects of their use.In this regard, it must not be forgotten that Spanish regulations also require the evaluation ofthe maintenance needs of climate control equipment, and, in this regard, Peltier cells offer animportant advantage: Despite the fact that the initial investment is greater than with aconventional method of climate control, the maintenance costs are nearly zero.For these reasons, an objective of the project is to estimate the construction and amortizationcosts of the application of this technology in the residential area.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 315

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 9433D FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF A HISTORICMASONRY BRIDGE: VOUSSOIRS AND ARCH-FILLMATERIAL INTERACTION*MA. Barrera (1) , *P. Morer (2) , **MA. Serna (3) , *I. de Arteaga (4)*Institute of Civil Engineering. School of Engineers of San Sebastian.University of Navarra. San Sebastian Campus, Spain.**Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros De Caminos, Canales y PuertosUniversity of Cantabria. Santander. Spain.mabarrera@tecnun.es (1) , pmorer@tecnun.es (2) , miguelangel.serna@unican.es (3) , idearteaga@tecnun.es (4)Keywords: Masonry Arches; FEM; Modelling; Numerical Simulation; Interactions; Friction.AbstractThis paper deals with the applicability of the Finite Element Method (FEM) on two threedimensionalnon-linear models for the analysis of a historic masonry arch bridge, by means ofthe commercial software package Abaqus®. In the first model the arch is considered as the setof voussoirs that work by being supported one on top of another (micromodelling), while inthe second model, the arch is considered as a homogenised element (macromodelling). Thecontact interaction between the voussoirs themselves and between the vault with the spandrelwalls and the fill material is characterised as a frictional contact surface allowing sliding andopening between the parts. A point load through the fill material for both models is alsoimproved to observe the structural response and to identify the collapse mechanisms as aresult of this. This research reflects the influence of the interaction between voussoirs, thestructural role caused by the spandrel walls and filling material. The bearing capacity of eachmodel and the maximum values of the horizontal and vertical reactions at the abutments arefounded; the influence of the characterization of Young’s modulus is also studied, amongothers. The obtained results are analysed, and the capacities and limitations between modelsare compared.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 316

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 944A COMPARISON COMPARATION OF TRADITIONALTECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING THE STRUCTURALBEHAVIOR OF MASONRY ARCHES*I. de Arteaga (1) , * P. Morer (2) , ** MA. Serna (3) , * MA. Barrera (4)*Institute of Civil Engineering. University of Navarra. San Sebastian Campus, Spain.**ETS de Ingenieros De Caminos, Canales y Puertos. University of Cantabria. Santander. Spain.idearteaga@tecnun.es (1) , pmorer@tecnun.es (2) , miguelangel.serna@unican.es (3) , mabarrera@tecnun.es (4)Keywords: Masonry Arches; Modelling; Limit Analysis.AbstractThe objective of this paper is to describe a methodology which allows the connection of thegeometry acquired using TLS techniques with the study of the structural capacity of amasonry arch bridge when applying the Limit Analysis Theory, to know the importance of theuse of the real geometry. With this aim in mind, a software tool called ANPAF has beendeveloped in a Matlab environment to automate stability analyses from data obtained with theTLS methodology. Ultimate load, the mechanism of collapse and the values of the reactionsare obtained. Two methods are used: one based on the collapse mechanism and the other on agraphic method. A case study of a mediaeval masonry bridge is presented. TLS techniques areused to acquire clouds of points and generate the geometry of the 3D surface. The resultingmeasurements allow for the construction of 2D models. This geometric information isimported by the developed tool that, together with the properties of the material obtained byGPR, makes it possible to determine its structural capacity37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 317

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 945A THOROUGH PROTOCOL TO STUDY AND DEVELOPCONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEMS OF FAÇADESM. Vidaurre-Arbizu, G. Ramos-Ruiz, J. Torres-Ramo, I. Esteban Valencia, M.A. Gutiérrez-FernándezDepartment of Construction Science, School of Architecture University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spaine-mail: mvidaurre@unav.es , gramrui@unav.es, jtorram@unav.es , iesteban@alumni.unav.esmgutierrez@unav.esKey words: façades, innovation, systematized process, design, buildingAbstractIn the Department of Construction Science, we have developed and documented a specificmodel of systematized process in order to carry out activities of R&D&I oriented to a detaileddesign of constructive systems of innovative façades. This specific model will be used as aguide for the study, analysis, design and evaluation of the proposed solutions for façades.This model of systematized process of research provides a general idea of the set of stagesand activities in the processes of R&D&I, with a graphical map and a documentary structurethat describes how all the process works, step by step, facilitating its comprehension andapplication. The protocol details the key procedures within the global process.This protocol allows elaborating the programme of necessities derived from the conditionings,requirements and demands related to every specific façade, assisting with the definition of thetechnical characteristics of its parts and components to approach the conceptual and graphicaldesign of constructive solutions, in successive stages.This protocol provides the means to analyze and evaluate every particular design of façadeand the process of R&D&I that has been followed, so that it allows to justify and demonstratethe fulfilment of the requirements and demands that concern every stage of the complete lifecycle of façades, and to identify fields that could be improved in the R&D&I process, in orderto apply corrective actions.This protocol is complemented by some Supporting Technical Documents, where thescientific and technical criteria and the information from compulsory regulations that arenecessary to take decisions in the design progress, are developed.On the whole, it is a useful tool that allows rapid availability of knowledge and rigorousinformation related to the process of R&D&I, to the constructive systems of façades and tothe activity of the diverse agents involved in the building process.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 318

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 948AUTOMATED CODE-CHECKING AS A DRIVER OF BIMADOPTIONPoças Martins J. P., Abrantes V.Department of Civil Engineering i Porto University, Portugale-mails: jppm@fe.up.pt; abrantes@fe.up.ptKey words: information, construction, automated, code-checking, designAbstractInformation management in the construction industry is inefficient when compared with otherindustrial activities. Unlike other productive activities, the construction industry is yet todevelop standard formats for the representation of its products, which would allow itsparticipants to communicate efficiently and, in some cases, automatically.Several different information models (BIM) that represent building products partially or as awhole have been developed over the last decades. Their adoption by the community of usershas been, however, scarce.It is believed that the dissemination and adoption of these models throughout the constructionindustry is hindered by a cooperation problem: the cumulative benefits derived fromwidespread BIM adoption are clearly larger than those that can be achieved throughindividual adoption, while the initial direct and indirect costs are considerable. The incentivesfor single users to change work their processes are therefore modest.In this context, automated code checking performed upon designs that follow standardrepresentation formats is regarded not as an end in itself, but rather as a demonstration of theimmediate benefits that can be obtained by the users who voluntarily adopt this kind ofinformation technology.In this paper, an information model and an application developed at FEUP are brieflypresented. These tools perform automated code-checking of domestic water systems forcompliance with the main national regulations.Automated code-checking should not only provide advantages due to simplified workprocesses, but it should also motivate users to adopt building information models, especiallyin the early stages of the construction process.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 319

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 949HUMIVENT – NEW SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OFRISING DAMPVasco Peixoto de Freitas and Ana Sofia GuimarãesBuilding Physics LaboratoryDepartment of of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Porto, Faculty of Engineeringe-mail: vpfreita@fe.up.pt; anasofia@fe.up.ptKey words: rising damp, treatment, HUMIVENTAbstractThe rising damp is one of the most important factors in the degradation of the masonry andstone walls in historic buildings. The level reached by the dampness and the degradation thatit produces, especially by the phenomenon of the dissolution and crystallization of salts,depends on multiple factors [1]: the hygric properties of the materials, the permeability tosteam of the layers, the inner and exterior climatic conditions, etc.Traditional methods of dealing with this problem [2] are not effective in the resolution of allthe problems, which is the reason for proposing a new technique based on ventilation of thewalls bases using the device “HUMIVENT”. It is a system that uses air as a transportmechanism of the moisture, which controls the level reached by the damp front and requireschannels being placed at the base of the walls, below ground level. The circulation of air inthe interior is controlled by the device.The sizing of the treatment system is based on knowledge of the characteristics of the wall, ofthe geometry of the ventilation system and of the building being dealt with. The system isessentially composed by a ventilator (variable speed) activated by a set of temperature andrelative humidity probes that transmit information to the ventilator depending thehigrothermal conditions of the incoming and the outgoing air.This paper describes the validation of the idea and the description of the system.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 320

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 952EARLY AGE CONCRETE TEMPERATURE ANDSHRINKAGE MONITORING BY USING FIBER BRAGGGRATTINGS1Benjamín Torres*, 1 Ignacio Payá-Zaforteza, 2 Antonio Bueno, 2 Salvador Sales, 1 Jose M.Adam, 1 Pedro A. Calderón1ICITECH, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia.2iTEAM, Universidad Politénica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia*email: bentorgo@upvnet.upv.esKey words: Monitoring, fiber optic sensor, Shrinkage, temperature, early age concrete.AbstractBehaviour and durability of structural concrete is heavily influenced by its reology at veryearlyages and, specially, by the evolution of concrete temperatures and shrinkage. Therefore,it is ofoutermost importance to monitor both parameters.This paper introduces the technologies developed by the research institutes ICITECH(Institutoy Ciencia de Tecnología del Hormigón) and ITEAM (Instituto deTelecomunicaciones y Aplicaciones Multimedia) of the Universidad Politécnica de Valenciain Spain for the measurement of temperature and shrinkage strain in early age concrete. Thetechnology is based on the use of Fiber Bragg Gratings and both experimental works andapplications on real structures will be presented. Specifically, the paper will explain the use ofthe sensors for the monitoring of the pile cap of a bridge foundation of 264 m of volumethat was poured in one phase.The paper compares the measurements obtained by the fiber optic sensors with those given bya conventional electrical sensor and with values found in the literature for similar foundationworks. The analysis of the results confirms the reliability of the developed fiber optic sensorsand their advantages when compared to more traditional technologies.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 321

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 953EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY DURINGCONSTRUCTION OF MULTISTORY BUILDINGS USINGCLEARING OR PARTIAL STRIKINGAlvarado Vargas Y.A. * , Calderón García P.A., Gasch Molina I., and Adam Martínez J.M.Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH)Universidad Politécnica de Valencia*e-mail: yealvar@upvnet.upv.esKey words: shoring, finite element modelling, formwork, multistory buildings, construction, partialstriking.AbstractThis paper shows the results obtained in an experimental study where the transmission ofloads between shores and floor slabs during the construction of a cast-in-place concretebuilding is analysed. The experimental model consisted of a full-scale 3-storey building withslabs made up of reinforced concrete. In addition, the construction process included anintermediate stage during striking, known as clearing (partial striking). The technique consistsof removing the formwork and 50% of the shores which hold up the slab, a few days after thepouring of concrete. From the experimental study, it has been demonstrated that afterclearing, a significant part of the loads (self weight) are transferred to slabs. Additionally afinite model has been developed to simulate construction process of the experimentalstructure. The finite element model has been calibrated by comparing experimental andnumerical results.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 322

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 954WIND BEHAVIOUR TESTS ON LIGHTWEIGHTVENTILATED FAÇADESLuiz M. Vefago, Jaume Avellaneda, José M. González y Maria P. GiraldoDepartment of Architecture - ETSABPolytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona Spain e-mail: luizvefago@gmail.comKey words: wind load, static pressure, dynamic pressure, field test, façadeAbstractWind load of structural glass curtain walls have been studied for many years. Researches oflightweight ventilated façades have been made in aspects such as structural, thermal andacoustic performances, but little have been made in the wind field of this kind of façades. Thispaper intends to establish the behaviour of two different systems of lightweight ventilatedfaçade used in housing construction with respect to 3 test methods. The first one is wind loadand deformations by uniform static air pressure difference; the second one is waterpenetration using dynamic pressure and the last one intends to analyze the structural stabilityand vibrations of the façade, in a subjective way, using wind dynamic pressure. The testspecimen was built in real scale and has 6630mm height and 4000mm wide which are themaximum dimensions of the test chamber and simulates 2 floors. The pressures used werecalculated for Barcelona region and for a twenty-storey building. The results showed thefailure of one system under the maximum static air pressure test and the failure was amongfasteners and the cement boards interface. Because of an airtight failure, the water penetrationtest was not possible to carry out. The maximum deflection of the structure observed in thestatic pressure does not comply with the standards. However, the systems analyzed did notpresent any structural failure. The vibrations and integrity of the system under dynamicpressure was acceptable.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 323

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 955PROPOSAL FOR OPTICAL METHOD OF QUALITYCONTROL OF THE SURFACE OF THE SLABS OF NATURALSTONE FOR CLADDING FACADESZamora-Mestre, Joan-Lluís, Mesalles-Ruiz, Jaume, Soriano-Gabarró, XavierLiTA Laboratori d’innovació i tecnología a l’arquitecturaDepartament de Construccions Arquitectòniques IUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunyae-mail: joan.lluis.zamora@upc.eduKey words: building technology, natural stone, claddings, finished closings, surface quality controlAbstractThe purpose of this communication is to make a contribution to knowledge about thetechnical quality assessment of the apparent facade cladding made with slabs of natural stone.Using natural stone as facade cladding has expanded remarkably with the spread of modernmethods of stone cutting. The material is presented commercially as natural stone slabsthickness

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 957RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ABOUT DETERMININGCONSTRUCTIVE AND PROJECT FACTORS IN DOMOTICHOUSINGS. Millán Anglés * , A. García Santos ** , F.J. Jiménez Leube ****Arquitecto por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid**Doctor Arquitecto Catedrático de Universidad de la UPM***Doctor Ingeniero de Telecomunicación, Profesor Titular de Universidad, ETSI de Telecomunicación-UPMe-mail: susana.millan@gmail.comKey words: Housing, building, edification, automation, domotic, home, ICT, constructive factorsAbstractThe research explains the definition and systematization of the main project and constructivefactors which should be considered in domotic housing. These factors should be structured ina "handbook" for architects and designers involved in the building process to develop thiskind of project properly. Similarly, there is also the need to ensure the update of these toolswhich may guarantee an adequate renewal of the technologies that take part in the edificationactivity.It seems that home automation should have a key role in the architecture of the future, fromeither the point of view of energetic efficiency and sustainability or the comparativeimprovement on the real estate market. Nevertheless, domestic automation hasn’t beenconsidered a condition yet from within the architectural project, and this fact is preventingdomotic from spreading as a discipline to redefine the future of new constructions.In this respect it’s being researched the possible determining constructive and project factorsthat housing automation has got. These factors ought to be taken into the project account topromote the establishment of new technologies in buildings, all this in conformity with thenew normative requirements and especially, with the Common TelecommunicationInfrastructures (ICT).Therefore, the present article, enumerates the main determining constructive and projectfactors which are detected in the study of the influence of home automation on how anarchitectural project is conceived.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 325

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 960A STUDY ON DIFFERENT TYPOLOGIES OF WINDCATCHERS (BAUD GEER)Ayatollahi, S.M. Hossein, Poorahmadi, Mahboubeh and Ayatollahi, S. EhsanYazd university school of art and architecturehayatollahi@yazduni.ac.irm.pourahmadi63@yahoo.comehsan255@gmail.comKey words: wind catcher, typology, summer side, traditional houseAbstract:City of "Yazd" is well known as city of "Baud “ Geers" (Wind catcher or wind towers). Baud“ Geers have become part of the identity of "Yazd", an exemplar of a desert city in copingwith natural forces for many centuries. During the past decades, the living patterns of thetraditional people have changed. People have been leaving the old city fabric to move tonewly developed sections and the families that have chosen to live in the traditional houses ,have mostly been forced or chosen to follow the modern ways of living to have a morecomfortable environment. Traditional ways of living in traditional courtyard house has notfulfilled the need of today's families and summer section of the houses has not been used orhas been used differently than before. Relatively cheap and mechanically logical watercoolers have replaced the use of the Baud “ Geers, so, these magnificent elements oftraditional Iranian architecture are exposed to wear and probable destruction. There are manydifferent types of the ways that"Baud-Geers" function and relate to the summer side of thetraditional houses and understanding different typologies of the "Baud-Geers" will help theways to preserve them.This paper presents the results of the study on Yazd traditional "Baud-Geers" to understanddifferent typologies and how they function as a passive cooling element during hot and drymonths of the year. The results of the study showed at least three different types that"Baud-Geer" relates to its surrounding spaces. In order to bring back the Baud-Geers" back to lifeand make them work again; different strategies are given to make the summer side of thetraditional houses become functional again. After explaining the design, construction andclimatic characteristics of the case studies, the selected design strategies and their componentswill be presented and finally some guides for action will conclude the paper.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 326

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 962THE MODIFICATIONS OF THE MAIN FAÇADE OF THESPANISH SENATE PALACER. Bustamante, J. Monjo and M. Alonso de la CalleDepartment of Construction and Technology in ArchitectureUniversidad Politécnica de Madride-mail: rosa.bustamante@upm.esKey words: façade, artificial stone cladding, white Portland ciment, Senate PalaceAbstractWe were recently commissioned to perform a diagnosis of the façades of the main building ofthe Spanish Senate. Consequently, we can confirm that the current Senate Palace façades arethe result of a series of interventions throughout its history. After the Spanish Civil War(1936-1939), refurbishment began around 1951, led by the architect Ambrós Escanellas, whojustified the reconstruction of the façades by demonstrating that the plaster and render were indire condition, and broken stone areas were also affected by frost. According to thephotographic documents and the studies conducted, the south façade (Plaza de la Marina)cladding was removed completely, as were all its ornamental elements. The refurbishmentinvolved a new cladding of artificial stone (Butsems polished arkosite) made with whitePortland cement, according to a recent XRD analysis. In addition, a second floor was addedbetween 1969 and 1974. The current façades are the result of a process to adapt the buildingto new uses and modernization trends. The changes in the South façade in particular are themost documented, since the first transformation of the church of the former Augustinemonastery (1581-1601) into the legislative chamber in 1814.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 327

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 963SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF MASONRY INFILLED RC FRAMEDSTRUCTURESA. Madan and R. SenthivelDepartment of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology-DelhiNew Delhi, India.Key words: masonry infill, soft story, silt column, seismic analysis, dynamics, earthquakeAbstractThe past year has witnessed an increasing rise in the frequency of strong earthquakes. Sincethe beginning of 2010, there have been four major earthquakes around the world; i) 7.0 inHaiti on January 12, ii) 8.8 in Chile on February 27, iii) 7.2 in Mexico on April 4, and iv) 6.9in China on April 13. A particular configuration of engineered masonry infilled reinforcedconcrete (RC) framed structures that have been observed to suffer severe damage and in somecases complete collapse during earthquake was the one in which the masonry infill panels arediscontinued at the base for reasons of functionality thus resulting in a structural configurationwherein the columns at the base act as stilts (stilt columns) and the entire building mass issupported on these stilt columns. A three bay ten-story reinforced concrete building framewas analyzed under strong ground motion to quantitatively evaluate the effects of distributionof masonry infill panels in elevation on the seismic performance of the frame. Two practicallyrelevant cases of distribution of masonry infill panels in the structural elevation wereconsidered for the dynamic analysis. The peak ground acceleration that was consideredcorresponds to Richter scale magnitudes of 7.6. The study quantitatively shows thatdistribution of infill panels in the elevation of a framed building structure may be a crucialfactor in deciding the survival or collapse of the structure in the event of a severe earthquake.This paper presents details of theoretical analysis and reports the analysis results andconclusions.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 328

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 964INSTALLATION OF SECURITY AND PROTECTION OFRESIDENTS AGAINST VIOLENT INTRUSION1F. J. Balbás, A. Ortiz, A. Madrazo, 2 J.R. Aranda Sierra, 3 J. Gutiérrez-Colomer1Department of Electrical Engineering and EnergyUniversity of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: balbasfj@unican.es2Dr. Ingeniero de Caminos Canales y PuertosUniversity of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: arandaj@unican.es3Técnico Especialista de Salud AmbientalUniversity of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: gutierju@gestion.unican.esKey words: Edge control, security room, detector, infrared.AbstractBased on the latest facts in crime and robberies have occurred, the protection of the userwithin their own homes are taking a significant relevance. In the next paper, we illustrate theneed for a security system and some effective ways of developing it, referring mainly to theprotection of residents, with emphasis or detailing some characteristics of buildings andinstallation, encouraging the designer to keep them in mind them in mind during the designstage.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 329

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 966URBAN SEWERAGE SOLUTIONS IN CASE OF CLOUDBURST1J.R. Aranda, 1 F.J. Balbás and 2 H. Anguren1Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy University of Cantabria, Spaine-mail: arandaj@unican.es2Ingeniería IAC4, S.L. Santander, Spaine-mail: estudio@ingenieriaiac4.comKey words: sewerage system, discharge box, maintenance, cloud burst, drainage, discharge casket,storm attenuation tank.AbstractThis paper presents a complementary solution for the maintenance system of the sewagenetwork. By providing a cleaning box in the headwaters of the sewage system, the cleaningprocess will be easier and it will ensure the hydraulic capacity of the network in the event ofstrong rainfalls. In addition, more intermediate elements are proposed for regulation of stormwater in case of cloud burst.Traditionally it has been used the discharge chamber as a general infrastructure built inaccordance with requirements such as the length of the sewerage systems and the topographyof the areas chosen.Due to economic factor the urbanizations are small; therefore, this type of infrastructure is notconsidered to be used implying that sewerage systems do not work correctly when rainfallshappen.The exhibition, rightly, part of the most unfavorable situation for the sewage flows are rain.The measurement of rainfall intensities is made according to the weather conditions in thearea.The parameters used to define the discharge casket or casket clean, depending on the surface,the use of the plot (built, facilities, open spaces or green areas) and location of its connectionto the sewerage system.In this paper, it is used as an example the most unfavorable situation for the sewer system,which is a heavy rainfall.Finally, the measurement of the rainfall intensities is doneaccordingly to the weather conditions in the area.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 330

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 967FOUR FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FORSTRUCTURAL BUILDING MONITORING.JM López-Higuera,F. Madruga, A.Quintela, Luis Rodriguez Cobo, Olga Conde, M. Lomer, MAQuintela, J.Mirapeix and A.Cobo.Photonic Engineering Group of the University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.e-mail contact: lopezhjm@unican.esKey words: Optical Fibre Sensors, Fibre Optic, Optical Transducers, Optoelectronic Units, Structuralhealth building monitoring.AbstractInside the Photonics field Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS) are currently being used and will stillbe used in the future in a wide number of applications because its properties present technicaladvantages over traditional techniques or, sometimes, is practically the only feasible solution.Structural health monitoring (SHM) of structures has assumed a significant role in assessingtheir safety and integrity. Fibre Bragg grating (FBG), The punctual strain, the integralelongation using long fiber gauges, the quasi-distributed strain and temperatures and thedistributed strain and temperatures of building structures using fiber sensing technologiesduring the construction, the current life and during the rehabilitation of building structures canbe measured. The four more successfully fiber sensing technologies for these mentionedpurposes will be presented and discussed in this paper. Several examples will be described.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 331

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 972TEN OF THE MOST COMMON SOURCES OF DAMAGE INCONCRETE BUILDINGSCalderón Bello, Enrique†, Díaz-Pavón Cuaresma, Eduardo‡ and Rodríguez Escribano, Raúl*† Rehabilitation and Pathology Division of INTEMACe-mail: ecalderon@intemac.es‡ Rehabilitation and Pathology Division of INTEMACe-mail: ediazpavon@intemac.es*Rehabilitation and Pathology Division Manager of INTEMACe-mail: rrodriguez@intemac.esKey words: pathology, damage in buildingsAbstractINTEMAC is reviewing more than one thousand expedients of pathologies of spanishbuildings which have been studied during the last ten years, in order to find out the morefrequent sources of damage in buildings of any type. As a first preliminary report, on thiswork we will try to expose the most common cases related to pathologies on reinforced andprestressed concrete structures of buildings in Spain.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 332

TOPIC X – PATHOLOGY AND REHABILITATION.TOPIC XPATHOLOGY AND REHABILITATION• HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THEPATRIMONY.• PATHOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION• TECHNOLOGIES IN THE REFURBISHMENT.• INVESTIGATION AND DIAGNOSE OF DAMAGEDCONSTRUCTIONS.• NON DESTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BUILDINGSINVESTIGATION37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 333

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1001FUTURE OF AN UNUSUAL FEATURE OF NINETEENCENTURY: THE ORBO´S UNDERGROUND WATERLINEJosé Luis Ruiz Diego Manuel Martínez LorenzoAcrón Technical SchoolIncoa and Técnicas Reunidas engineeringe-mail: acron@ono.commanu_dundee@hotmail.comKey words: underground waterline, industrial patrimony, mining, Vallejo de Orbó.AbstractThe coalfield of Rubagón, at the Northern area of Palencia province started to work around1849, going through a great technological development placing itself on second position inregards to production, very close to works in Mieres in Asturias.The Rafael vertical pit owned by mining society “La Esperanza” faces all the most usualproblems of carbon works those days [2] [5].In 1879, the mining engineer Mariano Zuaznávar takes on the works and having knownunderground waterlines in England, Austria and Germany decides to build up one at theRafael pit, to sew and drain water, and to ventilate and transport of carbon by boat.The line starts on the -112 meter elevation and after 1800 meter length comes out to surface,being its level controlled by lock gates placed at the outside. In December 1883, four yearsafter it started, twenty two people perform a first trip on the boat.The line was navigable by the interior of the mine, the only one in the spanish mining history,using by the very first time dynamite instead of gunpowder for building, had the firsttelephone in Castilla La Vieja and the first wide train track at the outside. Nowadays the lockgate is totally unusable and the line flooded.This project intends to search the current pathology of the line and the pit, its restoration andfuture use of interpretation center of mining, romanic art, wildlife of the region, and “Fuero deBrañosera” (origin of municipality in Spain).It also intends it is a key piece of the industrial spanish patrimony, being navigable betweenthe mining well and the external lake, with complementary facilities as a replica of the steamtrain, museum, cafeteria, etc.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 334

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1003NEW ACOUSTIC ABSORBENT MATERIAL MADE WITHFIBRES OBTAINED FROM BOTTLES PET RESIDUESSanchís V. 1 ; Alba J. 2 ; Del Rey R. 2 ; Sabater J.V. 31PIEL S.A. TEXTIL COMPANYInstituto para la Gestión Integral de las Zonas Costeras I-GIC.2Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaDepartamento de Física Aplicada; Escuela Politécnica Superior de CandiaTechnical Unit of Security and Construction Technologies Research3AIDICO-Construction Technology Institute (Valencia)e-mail: direccion@pielsa.es 1 ; jesalba@fis.upv.es 2 ; roderey@doctor.upv.es 2 ; juanvicente.sabater@aidico.es 3Key words: thermoplastic recycled materials, absorptive materials, building acoustics, recycled,polymeric fibresAbstractIn building acoustics the use of textile absorbents is common for solutions related to isolationand acoustic arrangement. Standard building solutions in which this type of material isapplied are: double walls, heavy or light, in which materials are placed in the middle of them,single or combined with other elements and also other applications such as solutions related toabsorption process, in which acoustic wool is combined with perforated panels in front it.One of the problems presented by materials manufactured using polyester fibers is that theyare obtained from petroleum, which is a limited resource and whose price will only increasein the coming years. For this reason, we are trying to develop new absorbent wool using wastepolymeric materials, like fibres obtained from PET recycled bottles, Along with the economicand environmental, advantages, this allow us to use the same thermo-fusion techniquecurrently employed to join raw polyester fibers.In this work we will present a brief explanation of manufacturing processes and after that, apreliminary acoustic study focused on the quantification of absorptive and isolationparameters of different material composition.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 335

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1004“LIKE A SHIP SURPRISED BY THE STORM...” SAINTMARY’S CHURCH IN CASTRO URDIALESL. Alberto Alonso Ortiz 1 and Enrique Campuzano Ruiz 21Architect2Doctor of History of Arte-mail: alonsoybarrientos@telefonica.netKey words:Abstract37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 336

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1005ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF REPAIR AND THERESISTANCE STATUS, AND REPAIR PROCESS OF THETIMBER ROOF OF THE NATIONAL CATTLE MARKET INPOLA DE SIERO, ASTURIASVanessa Baño 1 , Alfonso Lozano 2 , Soledad Rodríguez 11Timber Construction AreaCETEMAS. Asturian Wood and Forestry Technology Centree-mail:vbanho@cetemas.es , srodriguez@cetemas.es2Construction Engineering AreaUniversity of Oviedoe-mail: alozano@uniovi.esKey words: timber, repair, NDT, resistograph.AbstractThis paper presents a description of the intervention process on the main timber structure ofthe roof in the National Cattle Market in Pola de Siero, Asturias. The facilities were builtbetween 1989 and 1991. The roof’s main timber structure is comprised of thirteen tri-hingedtimber arches. The arches themselves are made of glued laminated timber of Picea abies anddesigned to meet service class 2 requirements. In 2009 the existence of a leak in the roof thatwas affecting the main structure created the need for an assessment of damage in the differentelements and repair action on the structure. The assessment of the condition of the structurewas carried out using the resistographic method.A visual inspection of the roof revealed the existence of processes of degradation in severalcomponents. The damaged section of the affected elements was determined by using theresistograph. Through the use of the resistograph the repair work could be planned at the sametime. The structural strength of the elements was checked using the Technical Building Codeof Spain: timber structural safety.The repair process presented in this paper was able to be performed quickly and accuratelythanks to the results of the structural calculations and the processed data of the resistograph.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 337

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1006Demolition in Europe; volume, motives and research approach(1) André Thomsen and (2) Kees van der Flier(1)OTB Research Institute, Delft University of Technology, NLA.F.Thomsen@tudelft.nl(2) Faculty of Architecture, Dept. Real Estate & Housing, Delft University of Technology, NLC.L.vanderFlier@tudelft.nlKeywords: demolition, dwellings, life cycle, life span, housing management, decision making,motives, comparative research, Netherlands, EuropeAbstractWhat determines the life span of dwellings?Much is known about the initial phase ofbuildings. The vast majority of scientific knowledge is concentrated on the building initiative,the programming, design and in particular the construction. Knowledge about the utilizationphase, including management, transformation and redesign is growing. But applicableknowledge about the end of life is still scarce.As the housing is ageing and the deliberation between life cycle extension or demolition isgetting more and more important, knowledge about demolition, the decisive motives, the proand cons and the consequences is getting just as necessary as the initial phase.In the last decade we did a series of surveys on demolition in the Netherlands, directed at thesocial rented as well as the private stock. Based on these surveys we developed a conceptualmodel of demolition and underlying decisive motives. In search to what extend our findingsare also viable in a broader area, we also looked at demolition data in other EU countries andfound similarities as well as differences.Underlying an emerging European research cooperation, the paper explains the relevancy of aEurope wide survey, defines the research objectives, problem definition and main researchquestions, and proposes a conceptual model and an outline for a broad comparative research.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 338

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1008SUSTAINABLE BUILDING RETROFITTINGFrancisco Esteban Lefler and Maria José Conde LazaDirectorate of Innovation and TechnologyFCC CONSTRUCCION, S.A.e-mail: FEsteban@fcc.es; MConde@fcc.esAbstractThe “Sustainable Building Retrofitting” (RS) project has been approved as an IntegratedProject by CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial) and the Contract wassigned last 01-07-2010. It will last 4 years and its Budget is close to 7 million Euros. Themain objective is the development of an integrated system for management of sustainableretrofitting of existing buildings, in order to improve their energy efficiency. Themethodology and computer tools are developed in the project framework, according withcurrent Spanish legislation and Building Energy related classification.This will make possible its standardization and its future use as a support tool for decision. Aresearch on the potential use of renewable energy sources and the best use of conventionalenergies in existing buildings will be performed. A software model for definition of theirintegration and analysis of building response will be developed and assessed for realbuildings. Finally, a real retrofitting experience will be implemented and analyzed as ademonstrator for the Project.. Besides the main objective of the project, additional derivedtargets have been detected and will also be addressed. Among these are: reduction ofconventional energy consumption during the use and operation, decrease of CO2 and otherpollutant emissions and improvement of residential living indoor environmental conditionsand workplace health conditions in office buildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 339

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1009MONITORING HERITAGE SYSTEMMarian Chiriac, Carlos J. Prieto, Jesús O. CastilloDepartment of HeritageFundación Santa María la Real, Aguilar de Campooe-mail: mchiriac@santamarialareal.orgKey words: heritage, monitoring system, conservationAbstractThe paper will focus on the monitoring system that constitutes an integral part of theMonitoring Heritage System Project (MHS) developed by the Santa Maria la Real Foundation(FSMLR). This project falls under the heading of preventive conservation which aims toprevent deterioration and alterations in heritage buildings, works of art and furnishings.What gives this project its innovative edge is that it aims to change the focus of heritagerestoration by taking advantage of new technologies. The current trend in cultural heritagerestoration is corrective maintenance which is based on intervention once deterioration hasbeen identified. Many times due to the advanced state of deterioration, it is impossible torestore the pieces because of irreparable damage and loss is inevitable.The MHS system is integral, modular and configurable and has been created to monitor inreal time a series of environmental, structural and security conditions. Its objective is toimprove the conservation of cultural heritage buildings and the artwork housed within.This paper will describe the problems and solutions the Santa Maria la Real Foundation hasencountered while monitoring various heritage sites in Spain and it will raise the issue of theneed for new fields of investigation within the area of preventive conservation.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 340

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1010OPERHA – FIBRE REINFORCEMENT INREHABILTITATION (CASE STUDY)Jesus Castillo Oli, Maria SortinoHeritage DepartmentFundación Santa María la RealE-mail: operha@santamarialareal.orgKey words: heritage, Romanesque, strengthening system, basalt fiber.AbstractThe Foundation Santa Maria la Real participated, between 2006 and 2008, in a Europeanproject named “Open and fully compatible next generation of strengthening system for therehabilitation of Mediterranean building heritage” (OPERHA).This project had two principal objectives, the study and the application of strengtheningsystems for rehabilitation and to promote the collaboration between Mediterranean countries.The role of the Foundation in the project is to apply the fibre reinforced technique in a realcase study.After a first general analysis of the building’s typological and structural characteristics, westarted working on the intervention of the Romanesque church.The case study focuses on the sacristy of the church of Renedo de la Inera. A map of cracksappeared due to movements in the foundation and walls. Presently the church is stable;however previous movement has left some scars.The first step was measuring and surveying the actual state of the church then the followinginterventions took place:• To guarantee the stability of the mural paintings during the reparation of the vault, atemporary protective covering was placed over the paintings.• To reinforce the vault during the restoration process, a support system was placedconsisting of three rows of seven braces which made a total of 21 braces thatsupported wood planks.• After the roof structure was removed and the dirt was cleaned away, we started toapply the fibre reinforced system. Two windows that were buried under inertmaterial were discovered.• Reinforcing the outside of the vault produced a self supporting body which retainedthe weight of ashlars in the case of movement; also by working on the exterior of thevault, you avoid touching any mural paintings found on the interior which was thecase here.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 341

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1011NEW METHODOLOGIES AND POSSIBILITIES IN ACTIVEPHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR RIGOROUS DOCUMENTATIONOF BUILDINGSV. Bayarri 1 y E. Castillo 21 GIM Geomatics S.L. C/ Poeta José Luís Hidalgo nº5 (con frente a C/ Jesús Cancio). 39300 Torrelavega –Cantabria. www.gim-geomatics.com. vicente.bayarri@gim-geomatics.com2 Área de Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidadde Cantabria. Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander. castille@unican.esKey words: building, heritage, active photogrammetry, passive photogrametry, digitalphotogrammetry, 3D terrestrial laser scanning, orthoimagery, point clouds, 3D modelling, pathologies,decision makingAbstractThe main factor for transmitting cultural heritage for the future is a rigorous and exhaustivedocumentation. Over time there have been many developments in relation with buildingdocumentation. Nowadays, modern (new active photogrammetric sensors such as 3DTerrestrial Laser Scanners) have become much better than conventional methods (analogueand digital passive sensors) for purposes such as measure of the deformations, pathologiesand representation of the current state. This technology is easier, precise and time-saving incomparison with the traditional methods.This article presents a comparison between traditional and newer active methods in order toestablish the efficiency of the data and establish which is the most appropriate technology forthe purpose we have.Furthermore this article presents a complete review of possibilities of building documentation,from 2D until 4D will be shown, and give some indications of how to manage them as awhole in order to exploit all the potential of information and support decision making onbuildings.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 342

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1012RENDERS FOR ANCIENT BUILDINGS:COMPATIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL MORTARS FOR USE INCURRENT OLD BUILDINGSVeiga, M.R, and Santos, A.R.Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Portugal.e-mail: rveiga@lnec.pt, arsantos@lnec.ptKey words: Conservation, Lime Mortar, Industrial renders, Experimental Results.AbstractThe study of renderings within conservation practice has acquired in recent years majortechnical and methodological advances. These are important elements of structures: as well ashaving a protective function, they have a decorative function of great relevance to the imageof monuments, representing a value for the history of materials and technology used in eachperiod.Exterior coatings are particularly exposed to climatic actions and environmental andmechanical impact so they are usually the first elements to suffer damage.The indiscriminate removal of old renders during the restoration works is still a commonpractice, however, whenever possible, the conservation and repair should be the first option,for ethical, historic and scientific reasons.If conservation of renders is not possible, for instance due to the extent and intensity ofdamage, it is important to use substitution products compatible with the substrate and withpre-existent mortars.When monuments and classified buildings are concerned, a study of the building should becarried out and the substitution render composition must be selected as similar as possible tothe original. On the other hand, for current old buildings, compatibility (physical, chemicaland esthetic compatibility) is the most important issue and industrial mortars, speciallyconceived for old buildings, may be a good option.In this paper some industrial mortars based on lime, conceived for old buildings’ renders, arestudied. Their basic composition is described; test results are presented, compared with valuesobtained for traditional mortars based on air lime and discussed considering compatibilityrequirements. The influence of conditioning during tests is considered and compared withpossible conditions on site. Conclusions are drawn for the application field of this kind ofmortars.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 343

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1013NON DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THECONSERVATION OF STONE STAIRCASES IN HISTORICALBUILDINGSM. De Fino, G. De Tommasi, F. FatigusoDepartment of Architecture and Town PlanningTechnical University of Bari, Italye-mail: m.defino@poliba.itKey words: Historical buildings, Stone staircases, Non destructive techniques, Ultrasonic pulsevelocity testAbstractThe transition of buildings over the first decades of the 20 th century from traditional materialsto industrial techniques was quite crucial. In fact, such a change meant to overcome a wellestablished technical culture toward a new design and construction approach. As aconsequence, it has led to several relevant problems, which should be carefully evaluated inorder to ensure the conservation and safety of such buildings.The present paper is going to focus on staircases, which are among the most criticalconstructional elements, for variety and complexity of mixed technical solutions and forstructural vulnerability. Specifically, it will provide with an overview on the investigation ofstone cantilever staircases and iron/brick landings in a representative case study, the publichousing complex “Duca degli Abruzzi” (Bari, Italy), consisting of 11 residential buildings,dating back to 1908-1931, and 34 stairways. The investigation will involve the classificationof construction materials and techniques, the identification of decay and damage and theapplication of ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, in order to assess the state of conservation.The results analysis will address pros and cons of the investigation technique for the specificpurposes, as well as a qualitative performance evaluation of the structures.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 344

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1015A WIRELESS MONITORING SYSTEM FOR STRUCTURES,BUILDING WORK AND REHABILITATION OF THECONSTRUCTIONIbáñez Díaz, J.Mª; Alonso Domínguez, M.; Murat Moreno, J.A.SAYME, Wireless Sensor Networks, Santander, Spaine-mail: {jesus.ibanez, marta.alonso, alfonso}@sayme.esKey words: wireless monitoring system, structure monitoring, structural health monitoring,rehabilitation of the construction, prevention of risks.AbstractIn this paper, we present the SENSbee remote monitoring system, which consists onproprietary wireless technology based on ultra-low-power standards IEEE 802.15.4 andZigBee. SENSbee system has as features its easy installation and low maintenance, in markedcontrast to traditional wiring systems that normally involved high costs for their implantationand maintenance. In addition to this, SENSbee is a barely intrusive solution and can beinstalled in any environment as a consequence. For this reason, SENSbee is considered a greatutility tool in building work. Firstly, the wireless technology performed by SAYME isintroduced. After that, the system and its components are explained in order to understandtheir operation. Finally, there is a review of the main cases in which SENSbee is successfullyapplied to the building sector.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 345

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1016ENVELOPE DEGRADATION ANALYSIS OF A MODERNBUILDING WITH UNINORMALSTANDARD: THE CASE OFTHE EX “CASA DEL FASCIO” INCASERTALuigi MolloDepartment of Civil EngineeringSecond University of Naplese-mail: luigi.mollo@unina2.itKey words: deterioration, diagnosis, modern architecture, local building technologiesAbstractExterior signs of deterioration are telltale of the physiological and pathological decay of abuilding and can orient further investigations leading to a correct diagnosis of the actualproblems.In this paper the vocabulary and methodology of building decay analysis as provided for byUNINormal standards [1] have been applied to former Casa del Fascio in Caserta, aRationalist-style building that dates back to the Fascist period in Italy.Some very significant results have been obtained showing that also in modern buildings thesemethods, if properly applied, can identify the signs of deterioration to be used for a thoroughinvestigation campaign and – at least for some elements – for a precise diagnosis of theunderlying problems and their causes so that proper rehabilitation initiatives can be taken.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 346

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1018EXAMINATION OF TENEMENT HOUSES IN RESPECT OFTHE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND THE CONSTRUCTIONTECHNOLOGY FEATURING THE TIME OF THECONSTRUCTION THEREOFAdam BukovicsDepartment of Structural EngineeringSzéchenyi István University Győr, Hungarye-mail: bukovics@sze.huKey words: building pathology, building diagnostics, social environment, structural deteriorationAbstractFlats in the inner district of Budapest were decisively built at the end of the 19th century, and thebeginning of the 20th century. Mainly multi-flat tenement houses were built during this time period,with the typical structural features. Social and economic environment of that given time ofconstruction brings about typical problems in case of a significant part of the buildings. Maintenance,modernization and refurbishment of such buildings are largely influenced by the construction methodof the given time, and the existence of that type of flats built in similar manner. Knowledge of thedemographic and social features, as well as the construction conditions of that given time period helpbetter diagnose the structures and the structural deterioration of the existing buildings, and implementnecessary and possible modernization, as well as refurbishments in the most practical manner..37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 347

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1019BASALT TEXTILE REINFORCED MORTAR ASSTRENGTHENING MATERIAL FOR MASONRYSTRUCTURESD. García 1 , L. Garmendia 1 , J.T. San-José 1,2 , P. Larrinaga 1 and J. Díez 11TECNALIA Construccióne-mail: dgarcia@labein.es2UPV-EHUDept. of Engineering of Materials, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao (Bizkaia), Spaine-mail: tomas@labein.esKey words: TRM, textile, basalt, mortar, masonry, strengthening, TRCAbstractMany masonry structures are deteriorated because of ageing effects, load increments,movements at their foundations, etc. In order to address this problem, different methods ofreinforcement have been developed. Advanced composite materials made of fibres in apolymeric matrix, also known as Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP), have emerged as analternative to traditional materials and techniques. Epoxy resins are the most commonpolymer matrices used in FRP, but they are not at all recommendable in heritage buildingsand monuments, because they are incompatible with the existing substrate and materials. Onepossible solution to the above problems would be the replacement of organic binders byinorganic ones. Another issue is that with mortar as a matrix of the composite, the fibbersshould be arranged in a grid format instead of fabric. This new structural material has beennamed Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM). This paper aims to present an experimentalcampaign on basalt TRM as strengthening material. It includes the characterisation of a basaltfibre textile, the TRM itself and the substrate materials: masonry and traditional mortar. Inaddition, several stone walls and arches have been constructed, strengthened and tested.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 348

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1020APPLICATION OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIESFOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND REFURBISHMENT OF A WOODSTRUCTURE BUILDINGIvan Araquistain, José Miguel Abascal, Oriol MunneWood-Biotek DepartmentTecnalia Research and Innovatione-mail: ivan.arakistain@cidemco.esKey words: wood, NDT, refurbishment, diagnosis, monitoring.AbstractNowadays, one would think that after years of massive concrete and steel construction inSpain, there are not many wood structure buildings left to be refurbished except for somepalaces or cathedrals. However, if we go for a walk and have a look at the old part of any city,we will realize that still most of the buildings have a wood structure.In spite of the fact that the majority of urban regulations forbid their demolition, other badpractices such as casting and overloading the wood structure are very common. Consideringthat we want to reach a standard of sustainable construction, the economical andenvironmental costs, which are implied by the deficient refurbishment makes it well worth aprevious study of the structure, which in most cases represents less than a 1% of the totalbudget.The main goal of this paper is to present most relevant parts of the whole process of diagnosisof a wood structure building by means of Non-Destructive Testing Techniques. Among theones to be considered, we could mention the analysis of the building and its surroundings, onsiteinspection of the building, structural diagnosis, definition of the corrective actions to betaken, definition of treatments, quality control and a maintenance plan.For the on-site inspection of the building, in the paper we will highlight the use of Non-Destructive methods such as resistograph drilling, X-ray imaging, ultrasound-based testing ormoisture measurement. We will provide practical examples of all this.The aim of this paper is to give the audience an overall idea on how a pre-assessment workcan enhance the refurbishment of a wood structure building while reducing costs andenvironmental impact.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 349

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1021CONCEPTION AND DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETESTRUCTURES IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY:CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANALYSIS1 Ignacio Marcos 2 R. San Mateos. 2 Natalia Lasarte,1 University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU2 LABEIN-Tecnalia -Department of Constructione-mail: 1 ignacio.marcos@ehu.es; 2 rosas@labein.es; 3 nlasarte@labein.esKeywords: concrete, material, structuralAbstractIn the early twentieth century, reinforced concrete started to become a widely-used structuralmaterial, especially in civil engineering and industrial and residential construction. Thesestructures were designed and built on the basis of patented systems, such as those of Monier,Hennebique and Blanc. Many of these buildings are still in service, although their uses mayhave changed.As rehabilitation projects for these structures have to guarantee compliance with currentsafety standards, the application of structural assessment techniques is essential. Identificationof construction systems, material properties and rebar layout plans is necessary in order toevaluate structural performance. In addition, knowledge of the structural systems and theconstruction industry of the early twentieth century is conducive to better characterization andmore logical connections between data obtained in situ and the initial hypothesis of thepatented structural systems. This means that criteria for design and validation can beestimated from the amounts of reinforcement and the structural schemes used in the past.This paper presents a real application of these criteria in which data from the patented systemis compared with values obtained in situ from the results of a study on the Alhondiga buildingin Bilbao.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 350

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1022BUILDING DIGITAL PEEL: EMBEDDED SENSOR SYSTEMFOR EARLY PATHOLOGY DETECTION IN BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION1López L., 1 López A., 1 Seoane J., 2 Rabuñal J.R., 2 Martínez F., 3 Escudero C.J., 3 Barro S1Galician Technological InstitutePO.CO.MA.CO, Sector I - Portal 5, 15190 A Coruña, Spaine-mail: lgonzalez@itg.es; afidalgo@itg.es; jseoane@itg.es2Centre of Technological Innovations in Construction and Civil Engineering (CITEEC)Campus de Eviña S/N, 15192 A Coruña, Spaine-mail: juanra@udc.es; fmartinez@udc.es3University of La Coruña, Facultad de InformáticaCampus de Elviña s/n, 15192 A Coruña, Spainemail: escudero@udc.es; sbarro@udc.esKey words: Pathology Detection, Embedded Sensors, ZigBee, Wireless Sensor Networks, WebServices.AbstractPathology detection is an important quality and safety issue in building construction. Thetraditional techniques used in structures maintenance and inspection are very basic. They areperformed by an operator by looking manually for damages on the materials and the structureis usually impossible or very difficult to reach. In some particular cases, sensors are used withcontinuous measurement equipment, but the use of wiring and instrumentation equipment isnot feasible on a large scale of use.A solution to this problem lies on the development of proactive systems that use wirelesssensors embedded in the building structure to monitor those parameters concerning to peoplesafety and building health and quality. This article explains how to deal with the design anddeployment of a wireless sensor network that allows performing an active monitoring of theevolution of the main structure pathologies in construction, meeting the requirements of lowconsumption, ease of maintenance and installation flexibility.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 351

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1026GENERATING A 3D TOOL TO REPRESENT GRAPHICALLYTHE DAMAGES OF SANTA BARBARA CASTLE(ALICANTE)V. Echarri a, b , A. Priego b , J. Garabito c , M. I. Pérez Millán ba Department of Building Construction, University of Alicante, SpainbResearch Group "Technology and Sustainability in Architecture", University of Alicantec Department of Building Construction, University of Burgos, Spaine-mail: Victor.Echarri@ua.esKey words: laser-scanner, Santa Barbara Castle, graphic representation of damages, HeritageManagementAbstractSanta Barbara castle is one of the largest fortified complexes of the Spanish Mediterraneancoast. Set in a strategic enclave in the city of Alicante. It has been transformed over thecenturies since its origin, so that nowadays includes numerous buildings inside its area. Thefortified area contains several lines bastioned and some medieval and Muslim fronts,composed of quadrangular towers.During the years 2007 and 2008, a research team composed of members from the Universityof Alicante, the University of Burgos and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia hasdeveloped a study on the conservation status of the Castle. This study has been fundedthrough research grants from the Generalitat Valenciana (Project GV reference 2007/150),and an agreement with Manuel Peláez Foundation.We have generated a 3D object of the whole, composed by clouds of millions points, throughlaser-scanner in order to manage the analysis of the architectural element’s conservationstatus that make up the huge fortified complex. This tool reduced greatly the architecturalsurvey work, providing an extremely accurate. They were developed through the programPointools View, generating JPEG files, which were imported from Autocad. Later weundertook a comprehensive making of photos -some 7,000 photographs, which we linked tothe 3D object. Thus we have immediate access to the photographs of each element of theCastle from the program Pointools View with a simple click on each 3D element. The graphicrepresentation of damages was done on screen with programs Pointools View and Autocadopen simultaneously.This technique has meant better accuracy in the study of conservation status and has greatlyreduced the time commitment.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 352

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1027THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CONDOMINIUM RESERVEFUND FOR THE REHABILITATION OF EXISTINGBUILDINGS IN PORTUGALJoão Carlos Gonçalves LanzinhaC-Made Centre of Materials and Building Technologies, Civil Engineering and Architecture Department,Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, Covilhã, Portugalmail:joao.lanzinha@ubi.ptKey words: Condominium, Maintenance, RehabilitationAbstractThis article reflects on the importance of the Condominium Reserve Fund for therehabilitation of buildings in Portugal. It presents the results of research into theadministration of condominiums in multi-family buildings, emphasising the need to increasecontributions to that fund.The contributions made by unit owners to the condominium budget are analysed, with specialattention given to the constitution of the legally-stipulated reserve funds, the distribution ofgeneral condominium current expenses, the monthly payments made and the prediction of theoverall funds involved in the economic management of condominiums. It was found that themonthly payments are not always adequately reflected in the constitution of reserve funds,which means that condominiums are often unprepared for the expenses needed to maintainthe buildings in good state of conservation, a fact that may generate conflicts and contribute tothe degradation of the housing stock.A series of measures are therefore proposed to alter this situation, namely highercontributions, technical studies into the reserve fund, increased guarantees from propertybuyers and the formal accreditation of the individuals or companies responsible for theadministration of condominiums.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 353

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1028REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS IN RURAL AREAS AS ACONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTIONJoão Carlos Gonçalves Lanzinha, João Paulo de Castro GomesC-Made - Centre of Materials and Building Technologies,Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Engineering Faculty, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugale-mail: joao.lanzinha@ubi.pt, castro.gomes@ubi.ptKey words: Building Rehabilitation, Rural Architecture, Sustainable ConstructionAbstractRelevant data about Portuguese housing stock are presented in this paper, according to Census2001 and the 4 th General Housing Census, particularly in Beira Interior and Cova da Beiraregions. These data show that the percentage of single family housing in Portugal is veryhigh. In addition, the index of building ageing indicates the situation is worrying if there is noinvestment in maintenance and rehabilitation.The characteristics and materials of buildings situated in rural areas are described, as well asthe results obtained in some inspection studies, reflecting the need to further study the globalsituation of the rural type of houses. Besides natural degradation of the constructive elements,great deficiencies in the use of the houses were verified, above all for lack of the residents´information. It will be opportune to develop some activities that would complement thesimple actions of constructive rehabilitation.Some rehabilitation proposals for rural houses are presented, jointly with some ideas ofresearch, so that the interventions may aim the promotion of Sustainable Construction.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 354

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1029ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, AUTHENTICITY ANDACCESSIBILITY: THE BRAZILIAN CASEOscar Luís Ferreira, Andrey Rosenthal SchleeDepartment of Technology of Architecture and Urbanism – TEC/FAUUniversity of the Brasília – UnB, Brazile-mail: oscar@unb.brKey words: Authenticity, Accessibility, Built Heritage, Architectural HeritageAbstractThe Brazilian Constitution commands that access to education and cultural rights beguaranteed to all. But official data say that 80% of the Brazilian population departs from thedefining characteristics of standard human abilities (the elderly, obese, people with reducedphysical ability, the very tall, short or with any special need), thus being excluded from thefull exercise of citizenship. But how are we to allow access to all to the built heritage,guarantee its full understanding and, at the same time, ensure its authenticity? This is thechallenge posed to architects. The aim of this paper is to initiate a discussion based onexperiences taken place during the “Monumenta” program for the conservation of the builtheritage. The program involves architectural and urban interventions in twenty-six differentcities. To understand the paradox of accessibility one needs to understand the concepts ofAuthenticity and Accessibility, and to investigate how they have been interpreted byarchitects. This research will leverage analysis of the ‘Project Profiles’ submitted by thecandidate cities to obtain program funds. Although authenticity is one of the chief concepts ofthe intervention in the built heritage, sometimes it is perceived to be linked solely to the lossof historical value. To what extent the modifications and additions necessary to ensureaccessibility might interfere in ‘the ability of a property to convey its significance’? We usethe concept of Authenticity as presented by Herb Stovel. Although accessibility has beenmandatory since 2004, none of the ‘project profiles’ submitted after that date containmentions to it. There is also no mention in the rules on how to evaluate and/or qualify theinterventions to ensure accessibility. This paper intends to contribute to the broaderappreciation of the concept of accessibility to the built heritage and its link to authenticity.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 355

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1030NATIONAL MONUMENTS WITH TRADITIONAL TIMBERROOFS: RESTORATION VERSUS RECONSTRUCTION.COLLEGIATE CHURCH OF ROA DE DUERO AND SANESTEBAN OF LOS BALBASES.Javier Garabito a b , José Carlos Garabito c , Víctor Echarri da Department of Building Construction, University of Burgos, Spainb Architect Director of the Holy Cathedral Basilica Church of Burgos. SPAINc G.L. Arquitectos S.L.P., Spaind Department of Building Construction, University of Alicante, Spainjgarabito@ubu.esKey words: Restoration, roof, timber structure, heritage, laminated woodAbstractWe prioritize interventions in the roof structure in order to prevent subsequent deterioration ofthe monument. This presentation refers to interventions in two buildings, both of themclassified as national monument: the Collegiate Church of Roa de Duero and San Esteban'schurch of Los Balbases.The Collegiate Church is located at the Major Square of Roa, and it was built during the 16thcentury. It is considered the jewel of the villa. It is a “hallenkirche” (hall church) model withthree big naves of the same height covered by beautiful starry vaults. It belongs to “Gil deOntañón's School”. The intervention consisted of restoring the wooden roof structure,preserving the original 16th century structure, by replacing the damaged elements andreconstructing the apse’s roof, which was erroneously rebuilt after the fire of the 19th century.It was restored according to archaeological criteria.San Esteban´s church is a 13 century Gothic style church with a Latin cross plan. It has threenaves with a transept of great slenderness; it’s notable for the height of its Gothic vaults andthe large dimensions of its naves and transept. It preserves Romanesque remains. Opposite tothe previous intervention we decided to rebuild a new roof made of laminated wood becausethe former roof was totally distorted due to bad executed works during the past Century. Inthis way we regain the original shape of the church as well as we recover the crenellatedtower image.These interventions aim to improve constructive and structural conditions as well as retrievethe image of both monuments. We have studied the visual impact of interventions throughvirtual recreations.The intervention criteria are very different, restoration versus structural reconstruction.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 356

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1031ARCHITECTONIC STUDY OF SMALL HYDROPOWERPLANTS ON THE UPPER EBRO RIVER: QUINTANILLAESCALADA AND MEDINA DE POMAR, BURGOS (SPAIN)S. Gutiérrez, J. Gadea, C. Junco, A. RodríguezDepartment of Construction Engineering, High Polytechnic School University of Burgos, Spaine-mail: sggonzalez@ubu.esKey words: small hydropower plants, rehabilitation, industrial heritage.AbstractSmall hydropower plants for electricity generation were first built in Spain in the early 1880s.The Spanish peninsula is characterized by its rugged landscape, fast flowing rivers and steepgradients. A clear example of this is the remarkable area of the upper Ebro river basin wherepowerful water flows are found that are ideal for electricity generation. Between 1900 and1930, the river Ebro was a major source of energy for industrial areas such as Álava, Vizcaya,Vitoria, Miranda de Ebro, Burgos and La Rioja. Between 1951-1965, the use of these smallhydropower plants declined due to the construction of alternatives by industrialists in theBasque Country, which in most cases led to their deterioration. They were rescued in the latetwentieth century, thanks to private sector initiatives which funded their rehabilitation. Thisstudy examines two small-scale hydraulic power plants in the province of Burgos at Medinade Pomar and at Quintanilla Escalada; both buildings were used for generating electricity andhad living quarters for the workers and now represent historic architectonic and industrialheritage. The study documents their architectonic features and the restoration processes thathave permitted one of them to remain in operation up until the present day.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 357

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1032NEW PROCESSING ALGORITHMS AND TRENDS FOREXPLOITING AND ASSESSING IMPLICIT DATA.V. Bayarri 1 y E. Castillo 21 GIM Geomatics S.L. C/ Poeta José Luís Hidalgo nº5 (con frente a C/ Jesús Cancio). 39300 Torrelavega –Cantabria. www.gim-geomatics.com. vicente.bayarri@gim-geomatics.com2 Área de Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidadde Cantabria. Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander. castille@unican.esKey words: building, heritage, active photogrammetry, 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning, point clouds,3D Topology, 3D modelling, pathologies, heritage decision making, heritage problem solving.AbstractHeritage documentation for conservation has been in continuous progress upon the time. Theanalogue tools such as sketches or 2D plans has been replaced by other efficient techniqueswhen computer aided design (CAD) arose. This led one of the first major changes in referenceto documentation of buildings.Nowadays there are available several technologies, such as 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanners,which permit to collect high detailed information of the heritage. The traditionaldocumentation based on 2D and 3D representations of cultural heritage started to becomeobsolete since the techniques which are used to obtain these products don’t profit of theamount of information obtained. On the other side, a new branch is available in relation withexploiting that data volume and different research projects of 3D topology of data emerges.Data processing and interpretation involves extracting relationships and meanings that areimplicit in a set of data and expressing these in explicit form. A basic example would bederiving collapses or calculate the curvature or roughness from a map of elevation of a wall,in a continuous way. This transformation of data must be processed carefully and associatedwith specific locations.In this paper we present several types and results of exploiting 3D information of a building.Such new information can be very useful and support heritage problem solving and decisionmaking.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 358

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1039ROCK THIN-SECTIONS STUDIES: A GEOLOGIC TOOLUSEFUL FOR BUILDING AND MONUMENTREHABILITATIONSánchez, M.A. 1 , Iriarte. E. 2 and Gutiérrez-Medina, M. 11 Department of Science and Ground Engineering and Materials1 University of Cantabria, Spain2 Department of Archaeology and Anthropology2 Institución Milà i Fontanals-CSICe-mail: miguelangel.sanchez@unican.esKey words: thin-sections, microscopic studies, rock analysis, building and monument rehabilitationAbstractThe analysis of minerals and rocks under a polarizing petrographic microscope is a commonand an important source of information for any geological work. The identification ofdifferent rock-forming constituents, their spatial relationship and their physical and chemicalalteration degree, can be achieved by the study of thin-sections.For any petrophysical characterization of a rock, soil or concrete sample, we need to studytheir basic components, which are: minerals, voids (pores and micro-fissures) and theirconnectivity, grain interlocking, grain boundaries, anisotropies, grain size, texturalheterogeneities, etc. and for this petrographic study, thin-sections are absolutely required. Onthe other hand, the effect caused by compression tests over the rock micro-structure also canbe studied so thin-section provides a good method for materials strength characterization.Thin-sections could be obtained from sediments, soils and regolith, so they also have a greatinterest to environmental and archaeological studies. Petrographic studies of soils are a goodalternative to study archaeological settings or materials such as soil caves fillings and potteryremains.In the same way, petrographic studies based on thin-sections, are useful for building andmonument rehabilitation and preservation works, because any rock material used on housingcan be studied under a polarizing microscope. Petrographic studies have also a great interestfor characterization of rock materials used for building in order to localize zones to supplyrocks of similar petrographic features suitable for the building or monument rehabilitation.Here we present, as an example of a petrographical study, the results obtained in the workcarried out in the Isla de la Horadada in Santander (Spain). At present, the Applied GeologyGroup is working on the development of a complete laboratory for thin-section fabrication.The laboratory will be able to elaborate thin-sections from any material: rock, soils,sediments, building stones, concrete, etc.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 359

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1040A CONTRIBUTION TO TECHNICAL INSPECTIONPROCESSES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DIAGNOSISCésar Díaz, Còssima Cornadó, Leiris SimancasDepartment of Building Construction I Technical University of Catalonia (UPC)AbstractDuring the process of building assessment and diagnosis, the interpretation of spots and theway in which building damage appears constitutes an action that is sometimes enough todetermine the causes that provoked the damage. However, sometimes it is not possible tomake this interpretation due to problems of access to specific parts of the building, becausesome damage is hidden or because it is not visible before its effects are seen.The systematic inspection tasks controlled by the public administration to check the adequacyof safety and maintenance measures in buildings (called ITE in Spain) require a vast anddetailed knowledge of both the relationship between visible symptoms and their causes and ofthe way to tackle the different problems of in-situ checking processes where there arepossibly very limited tools available for the carrying out of such inspections, given the limitedfinancial resources allotted to such tasks.From the experience in buildings diagnosis gathered by the DITEC research group from theUPC, a study has been made collecting and presenting a summary of the issues considered tobe transferable to the inspection process protocols, which are specifically applicable to themost usual residential building typologies. The aim of this is to increase the efficiency ofbuilding inspections and to homogenize the criteria assessment from the information obtained.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 360

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1041REHABILITATION OF THE HERITAGE – CASE STUDY:“JESUS’ COLLEGE” IN COIMBRATorres, Isabel (1); Silva, J. Mendes (2); Carvalhal, Mário (3); Cordeiro, Pedro (4)Department of Civil Engineer (1,2) Building Maintenance Technical Office (3,4)University of Coimbra, Portugalitorres@dec.uc.pt; raimundo@dec.uc.pt; mjtc@dgeei.uc.pt; pcordeiro@ci.uc.ptKey words: Rehabilitation, historical heritage, rising dampAbstractThe conservation of the national architectural heritage assumes nowadays a great importanceand it has had a great development in the last years.Any physical intervention in older buildings increasingly requires extensive and objectiveknowledge of what one will be working with. Moisture transfer in walls of old buildings,which are in direct contact with the ground, leads to a migration of soluble salts responsiblefor many building pathologies.In this paper we will present the rehabilitation work that has been developed in the facades of“Colégio de Jesus”. “Colégio de Jesus” was founded at 1542 as a Jesuit College to promotethe academic education of the younger members of the religious order. Actually, the buildingis part of Coimbra University heritage where several departments, museums and otherinstitutions were accommodated in the past. Recently, the University of Coimbra decided togive a new use to this magnificent building and accommodate the Science Museum there.With this aim, its facades have been object of a deep rehabilitation intervention with the aimof eliminating the existing pathologies, where one of main causes is related with rising damp.This paper in focused on the description of the existing anomalies before the intervention dueto rising damp and the presence of salts, the description of the repair techniques and the theirconditions and, finally, on the description and interpretation of the obtained results after theintervention.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 361

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1042ZINC ROOFS: ANOMALIES AND REHABILITATIONSilva, J. Mendes; Torres, Isabel; Mauricio, CarlaDepartment of Civil Engineer University of Coimbra, Portugalraimundo@dec.uc.pt, itorres@dec.uc.pt, carla.mauricio@netcabo.ptKey words: Zinc roofs, rehabilitationAbstractZinc roofs are characterized by their durability, and their use has been increasing either innew buildings or in rehabilitation of old buildings.The application of this kind of roofs requires some knowledge of its application, whether bythe designers or by the applicators. The detailing of the zinc roofs is fundamental, both interms of the adopted solution and its layers and in terms of the singular spots.The anomalies observed on the zinc roofs are normally due to an inadequate geometry anddetailing, humidity and corrosion. Nowadays, the main concern is the humidity caused by thecondensations on the outer side of the zinc sheet, namely in Portuguese climate.The ventilated roof solutions have already given proof of effectiveness, nevertheless thecompact roof solutions are part of the construction reality.When the chosen solution is a zinc roof without a ventilation layer we have to undertake amore careful study of its remaining layers.The proposal of this paper is to present a study that has been carried out about anomalies andrehabilitation solutions of zinc roofs and two case studies of rehabilitation are presented.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 362

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1044VALUES OF RESTORATION OF HISTORICALRESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE. EL PALACIO DEEQUÍSOAIN: INTERVENTION FOR SUSTAINABILITYJoaquín Torres-Ramo, Verónica P. Quintanilla-CrespoDepartment of Construction Science, School of Architecture University of Navarra, Spaine-mail: jtorram@unav.esKey words: heritage, sustainability, 15th century architecture, restorationAbstractSeveral factors and favorable circumstances have allowed the undertaking of the restorationof el Palacio de Equísoain, a medieval building located in the Ibargoiti Valley, Navarra(Spain).Two ideas have made this restoration particularly interesting. On the one hand, the object ofthe intervention: the historical importance of the Palace and its constructive configuration, itsunique location in an isolated zone on the slopes of one of the most significant mountainssurrounding the Pamplona basin, and continued residential use from its construction in the15 th century until the 1960s. On the other hand, the owners’ concern to preserve the historicalvalues of the building and recover residential use, together with a clear environmentalinterest, which has allowed the project to be carried out from a perspective of sustainabilityboth in the building process and in the later use of the building.The restoration of this Palace is approached on a strictly methodological scientific basis. Aseries of techniques of historical and archaeological research were used, which are appropriateto the object of intervention: historical studies, dendrochronological dating, archaeology ofthe architecture, etc. All this has allowed us to obtain remarkable information and to settle onthe architectural criteria for action.A series of interdisciplinary synergies are been generated around this restoration (historians,architects, engineers, artists, etc.), together with a painstaking method which has allowed usnot only to preserve the values of the monument (historical, landscape, documentary,architectural, cultural, sentimental, etc.) but also to find new historical information, newknowledge and new values that give it contemporary cultural relevance.The above actions permitted the establishment of a series of guidelines and criteria which canbe extrapolated to other interventions, and which ratify the maintenance of the historicalvalues of the building as a guarantee of environmental sustainability37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 363

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1045LOGISTIC ISSUES AND PRACTICAL ANDORGANIZATIONAL SUGGESTIONS FOR WORK OUT ANDINTERPRETATION OF IMPACT-ECHO TESTS.García-Lengomín Pieiga, A. 1 , Fernández Álvarez, J.P. 21Ingeniero de Minas. Unidad de Modelizacion Geofisica, Universidad de Oviedo.Spain.alejandrolengo80@hotmail.com2Dr. Ingeniero de Minas. Unidad de Modelizacion Geofisica, Universidad de Oviedo. Spain. pauli@uniovi.esKey words: Impact-Echo, logistics, field-work, suggestions.AbstractDuring the last times, Impact-Echo measurements have been made by the authors in order toevaluate the internal condition of various elements, like masonry walls or blast furnacelinings. To achieve the final step of frequency-peak location and interpretation many practicalaspects have to be scheduled and solved, from those which pertain to the fieldwork to thoseregarding results presentation. This paper highlights those steps and the relative weights thatthe authors assign to them.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 364

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1050FACILITIES LAYOUT IN THE BUILDINGREHABILITATION OF THE “LABORAL CITY OFCULTURE” OF GIJÓN.Martín Rodríguez, Ángel*. Suárez Domínguez, Francisco*. Coz Díaz, Juan José del*. PréndesGero, María Belén**Department of Construcción e Ingeniería de Fabricación University of the Oviedoe-mail: martinangel@uniovi.esKey words: Layout, facilities, utility tunnels, building automation.AbstractIn 2001, the Government of the Principality of Asturias assumed control of the old buildingknown as “Universidad Laboral” (Technical College), which primarily had been used as avocational training school, and decided to renovate the enormous space to consolidate itseducational function and create diverse new centres: the Art Centre, Vocational TrainingCentre, Library, Theatre, School of Art, Television Centre, Tower, Conservatory, Hotel, etc.One of the most significant aspects of this rehabilitation process was the installation offacilities needed to serve this singular structure, a building complex having common areasmixed with independent centres responsible for their own utilities consumption.Thus, facilities were installed for water supply, sanitation, gas, electricity,telecommunications networks, surveillance, fire systems, etc. Some of these were forcommon use by the entire building, and others were for specific centres. A major challengewas to install these facilities in the building’s interior while preserving its architectural andstructural features.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 365

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1052PATHOLOGY AND REHABILITATION OF THECONSTRUCTNON DESTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THEBUILDING INVESTIGATION.QUALITY IN NON-DESTRUCTIVE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESSFOR ANALYZING BUILDING SEISMIC VULNERABILITYMassimo PitoccoDiTAC – Dipartimento di Tecnologie per l’Ambiente Costruito Facoltà di Architettura di Pescarae-mail: labqsm@unich.itKey words: procedure quality, building safety, innovative technologies, tools.AbstractBuilding safety in the event of natural calamities, for instance earthquakes, can be analyzedfor vulnerability. This kind of analysis will include a prediction evaluation of damage thatwould be caused to a building by a potential earthquake of a pre-established force. In order toachieve this, a calculation model referred to structural and typological characteristics isrequired to define a cause-effect relationship. In addition to the calculation model, seismicvulnerability is also compared to parameters of improvement and deterioration, which dependon material quality, maintenance conditions, dimensions and building geometry. To acquire acomplete knowledge of buildings to establish a proper correspondence between the model andreality, as well as to have attainable parameters, knowledge of the quality of buildingconditions is needed.The data acquired from destructive evaluation have closer relationships with structuralbehaviour quantity parameters, while data acquired by non-destructive evaluations, i.e.through advanced technological equipment, are not directly comparable to the aforesaidparameters.Moreover, the extensive amount of data acquired with these technologies often lacks usefuland appropriate interpretation. In order to use the diagnostic technologies necessary foranalysing the seismic vulnerability evaluation, it is then crucial to adopt quality systemswithin non-destructive diagnostic processes, so that acquired data can be usefully managedand interpreted.Quality, intended as compliance with requirements, within a diagnostic campaign, can bedefined through the set of data meeting expressed needs. In other words, the seismicvulnerability analysis diagnostic process has to be defined at every step: organizationstructure, responsibility, processes and resources used.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 366

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1053REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS AND KNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENT: PROJECT HKNOWA. Soeiro and A. SáDepartment of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Portoe-mail: avsoeiro@fe.up.pt; vazsa@fe.up.ptKey words: building rehabilitation, knowledge management, SME, network, learning, ICT,university-industryAbstractThe project HKNOW was the first project of 7th Framework Program to be approved in2008.The title is "Advanced Infrastructure for Knowledge Based Services for RestoringBuildings". It makes part of the Theme 4 - NMP - "Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies,Materials and new Production Technologies". Is it in sub-program Project CollaborationAimed at Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It has a total funding of the EuropeanCommission about 1.9 M € and a cost of about 2.6 M €. Has fifteen partners from fivecountries: Portugal, Italy, Germany, France and Spain. The partners in Portugal are 3M2P,INESC, FEUP, STB and Vortal. The project is due to the increasing number of complexworks of rehabilitation of buildings that require rapid and systematic access to specificknowledge of such operations. A promising approach to facilitate such access is by providingSMEs in building rehabilitation the proper knowledge through collaborative businessnetworks formed by these companies and partners to research and development (R&D). Theseinnovative solutions for these communities SME-R&D is intended to create and reuseknowledge across a common work and ensure a bi-directional flow between the two sectors.This work provides: (a) provision for community learning the fundamental knowledge and theorganization of tacit knowledge of SMEs and (b) closer business collaboration between SMEsand R&D. The intention is also to ensure greater efficiency in the dissemination offundamental knowledge to create a delivery service with an added value to potentialusers. The project plans to develop solutions based on information technology andcommunication that are satisfactory for SMEs which include (1) knowledge that is innovativeand competitive and related training through the provision of services and (2) support forimplementation of new forms of collaboration SME-R&D through networking.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 367

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1054CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: SYMPTOMS,INVESTIGATION AND DIAGNOSIS. CASE STUDY IN A 16THCENTURY BUILDING.C. Galán-Marín, C. Rivera-GómezBuilding Construction Department. Faculty of Architecture.University of Seville.e-mail: cgalan@us.es; crivera@us.esKey words: historic buildings, housing, rehabilitation, structural safety, heritage, historical structures.AbstractConservation of historical buildings is a major issue for modern societies, both fromeconomical and cultural viewpoints. Information about the built heritage, its conditions ofcurrent conservation and the record of previous actions, is vital to plan an adequate strategyfor intervention and remedial measures. This research examines the intervention in culturalheritage from the fund and the philosophy of the urban densification of the RenaissanceSeville in the sixteenth century through a housing example of a special Muslim-origintypology: a large apartment building named “corral”. The building presented as a case study,the “Corral del Conde”, is a 16th century building, located in the city centre of Seville. It wasdeclared National Monument of Historical Artistic Cultural Interest (BIC) in 1979 and theapartments suffered a full rehabilitation in 1993 but present nowadays a much deterioratedstate due to inadequate construction systems used in the refurbishment works. The restorationof an historical building requires technical and historical investigation in order to assess itsmain architectural features and the effects superimposed by its history. The study of thestructure and construction details through historical and bibliographical documentation isuseful to characterise, analyse and record the origin of the structure and the vicissitudesduring its history. Geometrical and material surveys and destructive and non destructive testswere performed in situ to evaluate the level of damage. The research is based on a review ofthe modifications and previous actions and of the constructive characteristics, typology,materials and damages on the building at present, in order to determine the best solutions andto guarantee both the habitability and the preservation of the historical and cultural identity ofthe building. All the activities were focused under the directives of preservation of thearchitectural patrimony gathered for ICOMOS, the “<strong>World</strong> Heritage Program” (UNESCO),and the “International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of CulturalProperty” (ICCROM).37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 368

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1055ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS IN THE RESTORATION OFARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE. SPATIAL ANASTYLOSIS INTHE REFURBISHMENT OF HACIENDA LOS MOLINOS DEMAESTRE, IN THE OLIVE GROVES OF SEVILLA.Aguilar, María de la Cruz; Gómez-Stern, BernardoDepartment of Expresión Gráfica ArquitectónicaUniversity of the Sevilla, Spaine-mail: mca@us.esKey words: Architectural heritage, refurbishment, spatial design process, haciendas de olivarAbstractFrom XVI to XVIII century, in an agricultural landscape situated not too many kilometres farfrom Seville Harbor, the social and economical circumstances were given well enough toprovoke the development of haciendas de olivar, great constructions which were built byinvesting the excess of capital earned from the trade with the Indies.These buildings, well above the cortijos in their architectural qualities but less known, arevaluable samples of the Sevillian baroque, which is a late variation of the central Europeanbaroque, where constructive and decorative techniques were improved during the Muslimoccupation.The hacienda Los Molinos de Maestre is one of the most interesting and complete example onrecord, and maintains accurately the constructive, spatial, decorative and even functionalfeatures for which it was built. It represents a masterpiece of human creative genius.This study describes the spatial recuperation, within the monument refurbishment process,carried by virtual restitution systems of architecture, space, light, and physicalcharacterization of materials and decorative coating techniques in historic walls.This study attempts to explain why the spatial recuperation is very important within themonument refurbishment process, by means of the virtual image of original architecturalspace: geometry, light, and physical characterization of materials and decorative coating in hishistorical walls.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 369

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1058HOUSING REHABILITATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITYOF LIFE FOR PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE:ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS IN SUPPORT OF FAMILYMEMBERS.M. Dalprà, M. Chiogna, A. FrattariDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Trento, Italye-mail: michela.dalpra@unitn.it , michela.chiogna@ing.unitn.it , antonio.frattari@unitn.itKey words: home environment, Alzheimer’s Disease, rehabilitation, perceptive and physical barriersAbstractThe home environment, if designed properly in order to achieve an high standard of safety forindividual affected by cognitive diseases, can be therapeutic. The space becomes prosthetic toincrease as long as possible their autonomy, to reduce stress and to promote well-being. Inparticular, for persons affected by Alzheimer’s Disease, the environment where they live is avaluable therapeutic resource for the maintenance of remaining autonomy in the everyday lifeactions, the management of behavioural disturbances and the improvement of the quality oflife.In this work we present the results of a research project carried out at the Laboratory ofBuilding Design of the University of Trento (Italy) in which we planned and realized a tool toadapt the home environment to specific needs of people with Alzheimer's Disease.This tool, based on housing rehabilitation as a primary form of support, is an aid to familymembers of Alzheimer’s patients. It is the result of an active collaboration with hospitals,nursing homes, Alzheimer day-care centres and family members.Firstly, the tool allows detecting systematically the perceptive and physical barriers in thehousing using an appropriate checklist for motor, sensory and cognitive impairments relatedto Alzheimer's Disease. Applying this checklist, we can highlight the environmentalcriticalities of the home. We can then identify measures to remove them or to improve thequality of the spaces. Subsequently, the tool provides information on how we can remove thedetected obstacles through a collection of analytical and proposal sheets closely related to thestructure of the checklist.The paper describes in detail the process of elaboration and verification of this tool.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 370

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1060X-RAY DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE FOR ON SITESTRESSES MEASUREMENTS IN METALLIC STRUCTURESS. Sánchez-BeitiaApplied Physics Department, Fac. of Architecture of San Sebastián (Spain)University of the Basque Countrysantiago.sanchez@ehu.esKey words: X-Ray Diffraction, residual stresses, stresses measurementsAbstractThe paper deals about the application of X-Ray Diffraction Technique (NDT procedure) foron site measurements of the stresses states in metallic structures. Since some decades X-RayDiffraction Technique for residual stresses measurements in metallic components (weldedjoints, forming processes, shot peening treatments, etc.) in many industrial sectors has beenwidely applied. The paper presents the application of the technique for the measurement ofthe structural stresses (not residual) by using standard portable equipments.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 371

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1061NUMERICAL MODELING FOR THE PREDICTION OF THEBUCKLING FAILURE OF MASONRY WALLSErnest Bernat 1 , Cristian Sandoval 2 , Lluís Gil 3 and Pere Roca 4Universitat Politècnica de Catalunyae-mail: 1 ernest.bernat@upc.edu; 2 cristian.sandoval@upc.edu; 3 lluis.gil@upc.edu, 4 pere.roca.fabregat@upc.eduKey words: masonry wall, buckling failure, eccentric load, micro-modeling, interface elementAbstractThe load-bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane concentric andeccentric vertical loading is examined. The aim of this research is to analyze and compareagainst available experimental results two alternative numerical approaches and theformulations proposed by two current masonry standards, namely Eurocode-6 (EC-6) andACI-530.For that purpose, two experimental campaigns adequately documented in the scientificliterature have been considered. These campaigns, including masonry walls of differentslenderness subjected to different loading eccentricity, and have been used to calibrate andvalidate the two numerical models considered. The models consists of 2D plane stress micromodelsusing interface elements to simulate the behavior of joints under tension. Given thenature of the problem, the analyses are performed taking into account both material andgeometric non-linearity.The comparison with experimental data shows that both models utilized produce verysatisfactory results. Conversely, the methods proposed by the masonry standards do notprovide a good estimation of the experimental results, with Eurocode-6 yielding the mostconservative results in most cases analyzed.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 372

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1062Limit in-plane analysis of masonry shear walls by simpleequilibrium models1Álvaro Viviescas and 2 Pere Roca1School of Civil Engineering Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombiae-mail:alvaro.viviescas@uis.edu.co2Department of Construction Engineering ,Technical University of Catalonia, Spaine-mail:pere.roca.fabregat@upc.eduKey words: masonry shear wall, in-plane loading, simple equilibrium model, strut-and-tie modelAbstractA simplified method for the analysis of the ultimate capacity of walls subjected to in-planeforces is presented. The method is based on simple equilibrium models representing thecombination of compression or tension stress fields mobilized at the ultimate condition. Thepaper presents tentative rules for the construction of the models with some specific proposalsfor walls subjected to different loading conditions. The performance of the proposed modelsis analyzed by comparison with numerical results generated by means of a well-known micromodelingtechnique for the analysis of masonry structures.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 373

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1063STUDY OF TEMPORARY EDGE PROTECTION SYSTEMSUSING DIFFERENT STANDARDSCobo Escamilla. Alfonso 1 ; González García, M. Nieves 21 Department of Building Tecnology2 Department of Architectonic Constructions and its ControlPolytechnic University of Madride-mail: alfonso.cobo@upm.esKey words: safety, guardrails, evaluation methods, fall protection, construction sitesAbstractThe risk of fall in height represents the major cause of accidents in the construction sector,both nationally and internationally. One of the most effective measures to prevent this risk isthe use of Temporary Edge Protection Systems (TEPS).Nevertheless, it results significant that the regulations governing this type of protection differsconsiderably from country to country both in the geometric and mechanical requirements.In this paper, after a review of international standards relating to TEPS have been obtainedanalytically the dimensions of TEPS using the most significant standards comparing theobtained results.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 374

XXXVII <strong>IAHS</strong><strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> on HousingOctober 26 – 29, 2010, Santander, SpainCODE: 1065INNOVATIVE MASONRY BLOCKS FOR PARTITIONWALLSG. Vasconcelos1, Elisa Poletti1, , P. Medeiros1, Paulo Mendonça2, P. Carvalho2, S. Cunha1,Aires Camões2, P. Lourenço11 ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugale-mail: graca@civil.uminho.pt2 C-TAC, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, PortugalKey words: partition walls, blocks, composite materials, experimental validationAbstractThis paper intends to propose a non structural system of partition walls with monolithicblocks based on a composite material resulting from an admixture of cork and textile fiberscombined with a non cement binder, gypsum. These blocks consist of two half blocks whichhave to be connected during laying process. The developed blocks were first tested undercompressive and flexural loading in order to derive their mechanical behaviour. Differentcuring conditions were applied to the blocks during their production in order to evaluate theeffect on eth behaviour. The variables analyzed included curing temperature and period ofcuring, ambient humidity in which the blocks were prepared. This study aims at obtaininginsight on the influence of these parameters on the mechanical behaviour of the blocks and atproviding guidelines for their use in construction sites.37º <strong>IAHS</strong> <strong>World</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> On Housing Science 375