comparative assessment of decentralization in africa: ethiopia desk ...

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UNUNRISDUSAIDUnited Nations Economic Commission for AfricaUnited Nations Research Institute for Social DevelopmentUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentivETHIOPIA DESK STUDY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYDecentralization in Ethiopia since 1991 has been dramatic. Despite several imperfections thatwill be examined in this report, the country serves as a crucial case study that pushes theenvelope of decentralization in Africa. Most notably, the country is a striking case of ―ethnicfederalism,‖ in which the major ethnicities (or ―nations, nationalities, and peoples‖ in theEthiopian context) have been allotted their own regional states, as seen in Figure 1 below.Emerging from out of civil conflict in the 1990s that toppled a Marxist-Leninist dictatorship, thisethnic federalism is a unique and striking experiment on the African continent. Regionaldecentralization was political, fiscal, and administrative—a ―big push‖ that devolved power andauthority to elected subnational officials.Yet decentralization in Ethiopia did not stop with the 1990s process of devolution to the regions.In the early 2000s, a second big phase of decentralization was undertaken with the transfer ofpower and resources to the woredas (districts) in the so-called District Level DecentralizationProgram. The result was a further devolution of authority, substantial fiscal transfers, and afurthering of electoral accountability to local populations. Despite these achievements, someconstraints remain, most notably in three areas: limited own-source revenues and tax bases forsubnational governments (SNGs); a degree of top-down partisan control by the dominant EPRDFparty; and low capacity at subnational levels. Together, these convey an image of adecentralization that is quite robust de jure and (while considerable in African comparativeperspective) somewhat more limited de facto.ETHIOPIA DESK STUDYv
Page 1: 1. Install batteryinto the lock. It
Page 6 and 7: Comparative Assessment of Decentral
Page 11: ACRONYMSANDMANRSCBDSDCIDACSOCUDDLDP
Page 15 and 16: 1.0 THE COUNTRY CONTEXT1.1 POLITICA
Page 17 and 18: sub-central levels of government—
Page 19: increasingly sidelined strong movem
Page 22 and 23: the EPRDF is the dominant party, ha
Page 24 and 25: Woreda fiscal authority is also def
Page 26 and 27: intergovernmental transfers (such a
Page 28 and 29: Decentralization Program (DLDP) in
Page 30 and 31: information on strategic plan of th
Page 32 and 33: about 22.5 percent while those who
Page 34 and 35: circumstances and a lack of capacit
Page 36 and 37: authorities devolved to such units
Page 38 and 39: Advocacy organizationsWhile NGOs ha
Page 40 and 41: (reportedly informing donors they w
Page 42 and 43: TABLE 3. ACHIEVEMENTS OF DECENTRALI
Page 44 and 45: autonomy and self-rule to the vario
Page 46 and 47: Political Economy: Conditions for l
Page 49 and 50: APPENDIX 1: BIBLIOGRAPHYAalen, Lovi
Page 51 and 52: International Research and Exchange
Page 53: APPENDIX 2: TIMELINE OFDECENTRALIZA
Page 56 and 57: FIGURE 2, STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT I
Page 59: APPENDIX 4: REGIONAL ANDDISTRICT EX

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