Signature Verification

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Feature Extraction• Local features– Spatial: static features extracted from the shape of thesignature• Change of the distance between two consecutive points (δx,δy)• Absolute y coordinate (y)• Sine and cosine of the angle with the x axis (sin α and cos α)• Curvature (β)• Grey values in a 9x9 pixel neighborhood– Temporal: features using the ordering (timing) of thesignature• Absolute and relative speed at each re-sampled point• Absolute and relative speed between two critical points– Pressure value
Local Features• δx and δy for point p i are thechanges with respect to thesubsequent point p i+1• y is the y-coordinate of eachre-sampled point afterpreprocessing• α is the angle between the x-axis and the line throughpoints p i and p i+1– α is not used (ex. 1 and 359)– sin and cos are both used fordirectional information• β is the angle between thestraight lines p i -p i-2 and p i -p i+2
Page 5: • On-Line:Azimuth (0°-359°)Alti
Page 8: • Disadvantages:- High intra-clas
Page 11: • Acquisition devices:AlAzPYX0 10
Page 14 and 15: • Position Normalization:10008006
Page 16 and 17: Resampling• Ensures that the sign
Page 18 and 19: Stroke Concatenation• A stroke is
Page 20 and 21: Critical Points• Re-sampling or s
Page 22 and 23: Preprocessing Steps• Fine re-samp
Page 24 and 25: Pattern Recognition Process
Page 28 and 29: Local Features• The 9x9 pixel nei
Page 30 and 31: Global Features
Page 32 and 33: String Matching• To compute this
Page 34 and 35: String Matching• Each point is re
Page 36 and 37: Dimension Reduction• PCA- Transfo
Page 38 and 39: Validation Set• PCA needs samples
Page 40 and 41: • M is the squared Mahalanobis di
Page 42 and 43: Score Fusion
Page 44 and 45: Weighted Sum Rule• Assign a test

Signature Verification

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