RFID - Elektor.pt

CONTENTS3.3 Card Antennas ....................................... 983.3.1 Standard Cards (ID-1) ............................ 983.3.2 Tokens with Smaller Inlays (Smaller than ID-1) ........... 1003.4 Impedance Measurements with the miniVNA .................. 1013.4.1 miniVNA User Software. ........................... 1023.4.2 Disadvantages and Limitations of the miniVNA ........... 1023.4.2.1 Lack of Sign for Imaginary Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023.4.2.2 Lack of Calibration and Compensation ........... 1023.4.3 How Do I Find the Correct Compensation? .............. 1033.4.4 Coil Inductance Measurement ....................... 1054 Security and Cryptography ................................ 1094.1 Protection Objectives .................................. 1094.1.1 Keeping Data Secure ............................. 1094.1.2 Data Integrity .................................. 1114.1.3 Privacy Protection ............................... 1124.2 Attacks on Smartcards ................................. 1124.2.1 Logical Attacks ................................. 1124.2.1.1 Unauthorized Reading of Data. ................ 1124.2.1.2 Unauthorized Manipulation of Data ............. 1134.2.1.3 ‘Replay’ Attack ........................... 1144.2.1.4 ‘Relay’ Attack ............................ 1144.2.1.5 ‘Man-in-the-Middle’ Attack ................... 1164.2.1.6 Denial-of-Service Attack .................... 1164.2.2 Physical Attacks. ................................ 1164.2.2.1 Side Channel Attacks and Power Analysis ........ 1164.2.2.2 Reverse Engineering ....................... 1184.2.2.3 Light and Laser Attacks ..................... 1194.2.2.4 Temperature and Frequency. ................. 1204.2.3 Combined Attacks ............................... 1204.3 Cryptography ........................................ 1204.3.1 Asymmetric Cryptography. ......................... 1204.3.2 Symmetric Cryptography .......................... 1224.3.3 Block and Stream Cipher .......................... 1234.3.4 Encryption Standards: DES and AES .................. 1244.3.5 DES Cascading. ................................. 1254.3.6 Operation mode ................................. 1274.3.6.1 Electronic Code Book (ECB) .................. 1274.3.6.2 Cipher Block Chaining (CBC). ................. 1274.4 Application of Cryptography .............................. 1294.4.1 Mutual Authentication ............................. 1294.4.2 Data Encryption ................................. 1314.4.3 Message Authentication Code (MAC) .................. 1314.4.4 Key Management ................................ 1324.4.4.1 Dynamic Keys ............................ 1324.4.4.2 Key Diversification. ........................ 1324.4.5 Secure Application Module (SAM). ..................... 1354.4.6 Security Assessment .............................. 135copyright Elektor5