1934-1935 - Department of Education and Skills

I ,SAORSTAT EIREANN.AN ROINNOIDEACHAISTUARASGABHAIL1934-35.epartmentREPORT01' TBof Education1934-35.(Pr""". 10Ihe E",",ifJI Couneil by the M imfUt' for E,,",,"ulIf "lidlaid befor. the Oi,eilClIlas.)BAILE ATHA CLIATH;DUBLIN:FOILLSITHE AG OIFIG AN TSOLATHAIR.PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE.Le cea,nnach direach 6'OlPIG DtOL1A FOILLSEACHAIN RIALTAIS, 5, SRAID THOBAIR PHADRAIGBAILE ATHA CLIATH, C.2.DO tr6 aon dfolt6ir leabhar.To be purchased directly from theGoVERNll:ENT PUBLICATIONS SALE OFFICE,S NASSAU STREBT.DUBLIN, Co2.or through any BookeeDer •.PrU:.: Two Shillinga aDd Sixpence.

AN ROINNOIDEACHAIS,Meitheamh, 1936.DO'N AIRE OIDEACHAIS,Ta se d'onoir agam an Tuarasgabhail ar an mBliain Scoile a1ar an mBliain Airgeadais agus Riarachain 1934-35, a chur faoibhraghaid.SEOSAMH6 NEILLRunal.

CONTENTS:PARTI.-REPORT,CHAl'.PAGEGENERALINTRODUGTlONI. PRIMARY EDUCATION:Section 1. School Attendance 22. School Buildings 63. Amalgamation of Schools 74. Van and Boat Services, &c. 75. Recruitment of Primary Teachers 8" (a) Preparatory Colleges 10" (b) Appointment of Pupil Teachers.. 15" (c) Training College Entrance Examination. . 18" (d) The Training Colleges 206 . Appeal Board 217. An Obair ins na Scoileanna 218. Primary School Certificate Examination 289. Scholarships in Secondary and VocationalSchools 2810. 5"C,,1'One, t)ae'C)1tse maR sn"t teansa-taoaRtaSan nt)aeueat"Cac"C a5US Sa mbReac-$aeueat"CaC"C301[. SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE 32Ill. PROVISION OF SCHOOL MEALS 44IV.SECONDARY EDUCATION:Section 1. General Administration 502. o,n ObaIR m s na 5sot"Caca 523. Curriculum and Examinations 564. The Staff in the Schools 575. Secondary Teachers' Superannuation Scheme 596. Scholarships 59V. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION:Section 1. Present Position of Vocational Education 602. Continuation Education 623. Technical Education 654. Examinations 725. Efficiency of Instruction 746. The Position of Irish in Vocational Education 767. School Buildings 788. Special Courses for the Training of Teachers 819. Summer Courses for Teachers 8310. Training Schools for Domestic EconomyTeachers 8711. Residential Schools of Domestic Economy 8R12. Killarney School of Housewifery 8~13. Scientific and Industrial Research .• 8_!f14. Apprenticeship Committees 8915. Raising of the School-Leaving Age ; , 90VI. METROPOLITAN SCHOOL OF ART 92VII. NATIONAL MusBuu 95

PARTI.-REPORT-cotJlinuedPAGBVIII.IX.X.XI.I.II.JlJ.NATIONAL LIBRARY ••REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLSENDOWED SCHOOLS ••BRAINNSE NA bhFOILLsnl'cHANPARTn.-APPENDICES.GENERAL EDUCATION STATISTICS ••PRIMAE.Y EDUCATION;General Statistics (Number of Schools, Pupils and Teachers.Salaries of Teachers, etc.)School Houses and Teachers' Residences ..Building GrantsSummary of Operative, Building, and Inoperative SchoolsNumber of Schools and Pupils and Average AttendanceClassification of Schools According to Average DailyAttendanceNumbers of Schools, Pupils on Rolls, and ReligiousDenominations of PupilsAverage number of pupils on Rolls and average attendanceNumbers and Attendance of Pupils over 6 and under 14years of ageAges and Sex of PupilsPupils arranged according to StandardsPromotions of Pupils to various StandardsScolte.o-nn.o-'no, mlllm:e.o-nS

REPORTPart IThe Statistics contained in the present Report are those for theschool year 1934-35 and the Report deals mainly with the educationaldevelopments of that year, but the general information given in thebody of the Report is brought up to the latest possible date beforepublication.B

PRIMARYCHAPTER I.EDUCATION.The chief development in Primary Education since the publicationof the last report has been the operation of the revised curriculum fornational schools. In the Autumn of 1935 the programme was lightenedthrough the omission of Rural Science (or Nature Study) as a compulsorysubject in all schools and of Mathematics in many schools.The programme in English was made less ambitious in scope andEnglish was made an optional subject in standard1. These alterations,it is expected, will secure more rapid progress and more effectivework in the teaching of Irish and in the development of teachingthrough Irish.It will not be possible to estimate the effect of the changefor some years, but the Inspectors are of opinion that a decided advancein the progressof Irish will result.Another development of importance has been the success of thescheme, to which reference has been made in previous reports,which a paymentunderof a bonus of £2 per annum may be made to theparent or guardian of each child in attendance at a primary schoolin the Gaedhealtacht or Breac-Ghaedhealtacht between the ages of sixand fourteen years of age where the Departmentis satisfied that Irishis the language of the child's home and that the child in consequencespeaks Irish naturally and fluently. The results of this scheme, asstated in the previous report, were satisfactory for the school year1933-4. It is pleasing to record that the results of the scheme for theschool year 1934-5 are still more satisfactory.Bonuses were paid forthat school year in respect of 10,182 children, an increase of 1,248children, and reports which have been received indicate that, as a resultof the scheme, Irish is now used exclusively in the Fior-Ghaedhealtacht,as the language of the home, and, in districts on the borders of theFior-Ghaedhealtacht,where the use of Irish has been declining, Irishis again becoming the language of every day life in a considerablenumber of homes.The increase in the number of pupils in the higher standardsof theNational Schools, to which reference has been made in previous reports,continues. There were 742 more pupils in the higher standards thanin 1933-34 and 31,917 more than there were in these standardsyears ago.I.SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.eightThe School.Attendance Act came into operation generally throughoutthe Saorstat as from the 1st January, 1927. The following tableshews the statisticsfor each year since 1926-7 inclusive :-of all children on rolls and in average attendanceAverage No. Average Percen tage ofYear ended on Rolls Attendance Attendance30th June, 1927 518,355 413,159 79.7The corresponding1928 512,333 423,974 82.71929 507,840 419,780 82.61930 504,427 420,941 83.41931 502,393 416,723 82.91932 503,017 417,017 82.91933 504,521 422,489 83.71934 502,661 422,266 84.01935 492,893 413,262 83.8figures for children to whom the School AttendanceAct applies were as follows :-*Average No. Average Percentage ofYear ended on Rolls Attendance attendance30th June, 1929 422,073 353,582 83.71930 421,142 355,607 84.41931 420,311 353,819 84.11932 421,783 354,742 84.11933 422,739 358,074 84.71934 420,494 357,918 85.11935 416,252 353,107 84.8* Statistics for children between 6 and 14 years of age are not availablefor any year prior to 1928/9.BZ

4The statistics of attendance for the school year 1934-5 indicatethat,on the whole, the Act has operated effectively throughout theyear. There was a slight decrease-0.2 in the percentage attendanceof all pupils and 0.3 in the percentage attendance of pupils (6-14years of age) to whom the Act applies-as compared with the correspondingfigures for the previous year. It will be observed, however>that the percentages of attendance for all pupils and for pupils (6-14 years of age) to whom the Act applied for the year 1933/4 werethe highest on record.For 1934-35 Waterford City attained the highest percentageattendance (88.1) of children, to whom the Act applied, in any Countyor County borough. The next places were occupied, in descendingorder, by Cork City (which attained the highest percentage in 1932-33and 1933-34) with 87.9, County Cork with 86.2, County Kerry with86.1, County Louth with 86 and Counties Carlow and Laoighis, eachwith85.9. In eight Counties or County Boroughs there was anincrease in the percentage attendance, in nineteen, a slight decreaseas compared with the previous year, and, in three, the figures remainedunchanged.The increase in the number of pupils in the fifth and higher standardswhich is a result of the operation of the School Attendance Act wascontinued during the past year. The number of pupils in thesestandards on the 30th June, 1935, was 115,570, as compared with114,828, on the 30th June, 1934.The following table shows the ~progressive increase in the numberof pupils enrolled in the higber standards since the School AttendanceAct came into operation :-

Statement showing Number of Pupils on the Rolls arranged according to Standards.Date Infants 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th Total- -- -"30th June, 1926 ·. 171,431 74,832 68,660' 67,362 56,142 45,499 24,502 10,237 3,415 522,08030th30th""30th••1930 ·.1928 ·. 155,509 76,830 69,171 66,971 58,730 48,333 27,551 10,745 2,826 516,6661929 ·. 153,101 73,586 69,789 67,077 59,309 48,716 29,196 11,468 2,850 515,092150,777 71,379 67,548 67,965 59,825 49,319 29,658 11,939 3,139 511,54930th30th30th30th:~Oth••1931 .. 147,634 69,848 66,677 66,820 61,267 50,642 31,208 12,060 3,240 509,396""""1932 ·.139,261 69,726 65,537 65,939 62,406 52,787 34,509 14,192 4,063 508,4201933·. 139,917 68,156 66,076 65,159 62,045 54,209 36,939 16,049 4,799 513,3491934 ·. 130,925 68,353 64,558 64,643 61,283 53,874 37,954 17,245 5,755 504,5901935 ·. 123,309 66,105 65,457 63,622 61,766 53,828 38,124 17,296 6,322 495,829~ ,

6IT.SCHOOL BUILDINGS.During the financial year 1934-35, grants amounting to £153,181were made for the building, enlargement and reconstruction of nationalschools. These grants were apportioned as follows :_£69,467 for the provision of 35 new schools to accommodate4,550 children.£2,458 Supplementary grants for new schools erected or in courseof erection.£37,776 for the enlargement of 36 existing schools to affordadditional accommodation for 2,140 children.£43,480 for structural improvements, furnishing, etc., of 294 schools.In the present year, it is the intention to increase to £200,000 thegrant for the building and reconstruction of schools; and, in addition,new plans have been adopted providing for increased floor space forthe pupils in classrooms of standardised design and for better cloakroom accommodation. A separate classroom, as heretofore, is providedfor each teacher on the normal staff. Better provision is madefor ventilation and lighting. In general, the plans have been designedto conform to modern educational and public health requirements.In the case of the larger schools grants will be allowed in future forthe erection of halls in which the pupils may be assembled for combinedinstruction and for other special purposes such as lectures,dramatic work and physical drill.In the rural areas the replacement of defective buildings is proceedingas rapidly as circumstances permit, but it must necessarilytake some considerable time before the arrears in the building work,which had accumulated prior to 1922, can be overtaken. In theurban centres on the whole, school accommodation is now reasonablysatisfactory, but there are some few provincial towns in which childrenare still being taught in overcrowded and unsuitable buildings.Effective steps are being taken with a view to the construction, atan early date, of new schools in these localities. It should be mentioned,however, that in the County Borough of Dublin the problemis of a very special character. The effect of the various housingschemes financed by the Corporation and other bodies will be tolessen the number of units of accommodation required in schoolsin the central portions of the city. Some of these buildings willrequire to be reconstructed so as to provide better classroom accommodation,but in view of the general trend of population outwardscare must be exercised to ensure that expenditure, which might noteventually be justified, be not incurred for the provision of newschools or for extensive sCh.emes of improvement of eXisting schoolsin the inner areas of the CIty.I:,"m.AMALGAMATION OF SCHOOLS.During the year under review 54 schools were amalgamated resultingin the elimination of 27 schools as separate institutions. Theestimated ultimate savings of teaching staff resulting from the discontinuanceof these schools will be 1 master, 16 mistresses and 28junior assistant mistresses.IV.VAN AND BOAT SERVICES AND GRANTS TOWARDS' THEMAINTENANCE OF ISLAND CmLDREN ON THE MAINLAND.As explained in previous annual reports grants are made by thisDepartment towards the cost of the conveyance of children to ~chool(a) by means of van services in certain rural areas where the childrenlive far from school and (b) by means of boat services from islandswhere the number of children is too small to maintain schools.The following table shews the number of van and boat services inoperation on the 31st March, 1935:-No. of No. ofCOUNTYVan Services Boat ServicesCarlowCavan ..Clare ..CorkDonegalDublinGalwayKerryKildareLaoighiseLeitrimLimerickLongfordLouthMayoMeathMonaghanOffalySligoTipperaryWaterfordWestmeathWexfordWicklow73221251332251216511TOTAL 7371224733

8 9Under the School Attendance Act, Section 4 (2) (c), it is a reasonable'excuse for failure on the part of a parent to cause his child to attendschool, as required by the Act, that there is not a National or othersuitable school accessible to the child (i.e., which the child can berequired to attend under the provisions of the Act) and to which theparent does not object on religious grounds to send the child. Inthis connexion a scheme for the conveyance of Protestant childrento suitable schools under Protestant management was sanctionedfrom the Ist July, 1934. Under this scheme, a grant-in-aid of aservice of conveyance at the rate of £5 per child per annum, payablequarterly, is made by this Department on the average daily number ofeligible children conveyed to school during the quarter, providedthat an average daily number of five eligible children conveyedquarterly by the service is secured and maintained. The Representati veChurch Body contributes annually, apart from the State Grants, notless than £1,500 towards the cost of the scheme. The increasednumber of Van Services in operation on the 31st March, 1935 (73)as compared with that in operation on the 31st March, 1934 (37)is explained by the introduction of this scheme.The net expenditure on van and boat services during the year ended31st March, 1935, was £3,771 7s., as compared with £3,513 15s. 3d.during the year ended 31st March, 1934. The increase in expenditurewas slight-£257 lIs. 9d.Grants are also made, in a few exceptional cases, towards the costof maintaining necessitous island children on the mainland for thepurpose of enabling them to attend school. The number of suchchildren in respect of whom grants were being paid on 31st March,1935, was 15. The cost of the maintenance of such children duringthe financial year ended on that date was £98 7s. 4d.v.RECRUITMENT OF PRIMARY TEACHERS.The decision announced recently in regard to the discontinuanceof the Pupil Teacher system is an important modification in thearrangements for the recruitment of teachers; more detailed informationon this point is given later.Reference was made in the previous report to the manner in whichthe supply of the different categories of students entering the trainingcolleges is regulated and to the fact that, as the Preparatory Collegesdid not come into operation simultaneously, the number of admissionsto training from this group varies annually, with consequentialalterations in the number of admissions of students from the othergroups. Apart from this, however, the existence of a surplus of trainedmen teachers is responsible for a limitation of the number of men~dergoing the training course which, in turn, entails a reductionm the number of serving boy Pupil Teachers and in the number ofmen candidates recruited from the open competition examination.The students called to training in 1934 and 1935 were divided in thefollowing proportions, the different categories being mentioned in the.order of preference in which they were admitted to training :-1934 1935(a) Preparatory College Students .. 42.3% 49.6%(b) Pupil Teachers19.8% 14.7%(c) Open Competition Candidates 22.8% 22.8%(d) University Graduates, Untrd.Assistants, etc. 15.1% 12.9%The last group-(d)-includes members of religious communitiesadmitted to the places which are specially reserved for them.Before proceeding to deal in a more detailed manner with thedifferent categories of candidates for the teaching profession, orwith the Training Colleges themselves, it is desired to comment onsome matters of a general nature.The number of men trained in recent years who are still withoutpermanent employment in National Schools continues to give seriousconcern, and further reductions in the numbers in residence in themen's colleges were effected in 1935, to be followed, if necessary, bya still more drastic curtailment until the position has been remedied.In this connection, it has to be borne in mind that the commitmentsin regard to admission to training commence, in the case of groups(a) and (b) above, with the beginning of their Preparatory College courseand their appointment as Pupil Teacher; were it not for this complication,it would be possible to readjust the supply to the demand ina shorter time. The matter is, however, being closely watched, andthe steps already taken, together with a further curtailment, for which,arrangements have been made, are calculated to bring about a rapid'improvement in the position.The lack of facilities for the training of nuns has been a cause,of anxiety for a considerable time past, but the Department has:pleasure in announcing that, through the good offices of their Lordships"the Bishops, and with the willing co-operation of the authorities ofOur Lady of Mercy Training College, Carysfort Park, Blackrock, 8.solution of the problem has been found, The hostel for nuns at thatCollege will be extended so as to admit more than double the prese~tnumber annually, and it is hoped that the enlarged College will be IIIfull operation in the near future. This information will be welcomed bythe many teaching communities throughout the country who ha ~e;hitherto experienced difficulty in securing training facilities for theirmembers..The Department's Regulations allow of the recogmTion. oncertainconditions, of teachers trained in Great Britain or Northern Ireland,

12and Leaving Certificate Examinations from 1929 to 1934 was maintainedin 1935.The following tables show the results of the Lea ving Certificate andIntermediate Certificate Examinations, 1935:-LeavingCertificate.No. PassedCollege No. with No.Examined Honours PassedColaiste Caoimhin (Boys) 48 45 47Einne (Boys) 30 25 28Moibhi (Mixed) 14 14 14Brighde (Girls) 40 40 40Muire (Girls) 47 47 47IntermediateCertificate.No. PassedCollege No. with No.Examined Honours PassedColaiste na Mumhan (Boys) 39 37 39Colaiste Moibhi (Mixed) 13 8 9Colaiste Brighde 23 22 23The students presented for the Leaving Certificate Examination,1935,are the sixth group of students who completed their course in theCollege, the first group being those who attended the Leaving CertificateExamination in 1930. The results of the Leaving CertificateExaminations for the six years, 1930 to 1935 are summarised in thefollowing table :-No. No. passed No.Year Examined with Honours Passed1930 106 104 1061931 159 142 1571932 147 142 1461933 113 107 1131934 149 144 1481935 179 171 176853 810 846..13Subjects of Instruction.The subjects of the Preparatory College Course are : Irish, English,Mathematics, History, Geography, Science, Drawing, Music, Domestic.Science (Girls), Manual Instruction (Boys).A Course of instruction in Latin is also provided.Recreation and Games.Special attention is given to Physical Culture in all the Colleges.In the Boys' Colleges instruction is given by qualified Army Instructors,and in the Girls' Colleges by members of the staff. An extern teacheris employed to give instruction in this branch to the students ofColaiste Moibhi.Irish figure dancing is regularly practised by the students in allColleges under the supervision of members of the staff. Externteachers give instruction in Irish dancing to the students of the three·Colleges situated in Dublin.Facilities for outdoor games are available in all Colleges. Theseinclude Hurling, Football and Handball in the Colleges for boys, andCarnoguidheacht, Basket Ball and Tennis in the Girls' Colleges.Plays 'are periodically staged by the students in the Colleges andother activities in the social life of the Colleges include the holding ofconcerts, ceilidh the , lectures' and debates.With a view to keeping the students in close contact with thetraditional lore preserved by native Irish speakers of the locality,facilities are provided for the introduction of local seanachaidhthe tothe Colleges situated in the Gaedhealtacht. These facilities are regularlya vailed of in these Colleges.Health of the Students.Particular care is given to the Health of the students and weeklyreports are furnished there on by the Medical Officers of the Colleges.The health of the students resident in the Colleges during the schoolyear under review has been very good, as evidenced by the MedicalOfficers' reports.As a precautionary measure against danger of infection beingbrought to the Colleges by students on their first admission to Collegeor on their return to the College after vacation, each student is requiredto furnish to the College Principal on entrance to the College andon return after each period of vacation a certificate showing that thestudent has not been exposed to any infectious disease during thevacation and that he/she has not entered any house where such.disease existed.Entrance Examination, 1935.The number of candidates who attended the 1935 Entrance Examin-.ation .was 1,446 (499boys and 947 girls). The corresponding numbers.for the 1934 examination \vv..er~_59~99YS and 994 girls. Approximately

50 per cent. of the candidates-260 boys and 452 girls-reached thequalifying standard as compared with 43 per cent.-216 boys and425 girls- at the 1934 Entrance Examination. There were 175 places(81 for boys and 94 for girls) available for new entrants to the Collegesin 1935.14Special Scheme for the Fior Ghaedhealtacht.The main features of these Schemes, which were adopted in 1931to meet the dearth of suitable candidates from the Fior Ghaedhealtacht,have been set forth in the Annual Reports for the last threeschool years. These schemes provide for the extension to 161 yearsof the upper age limit for the entrance examination in the case ofFior Ghaedhealtacht candidates; reservation for such candidates of40 per cent. of the total number of vacancies; the establishment of aspecial preliminary course in preparation for the next followingexamination; grants towards cost of outfit, where considered necessary,in the case of these students admitted to the Colleges, or selected forthe Special Preliminary Course; the award of prizes of £5 to a limitednumber of candidates who, while qualifying at the entrance examination,were not successful in securing either places in the Colleges orthe Special Fior-Ghaedhealtacht Scholarships; the provision of smallgrants in certain cases towards the expenses of attending the entranceexamination; and the advance of the Training College fees where theDepartment is satisfied that the circumstances of the parents warrantsuch advance. Provision is also made by the Scheme for the paymentof gratuities to the Principal Teachers of schools in the Fior-Ghaedhealtachtin respect of pupils of theirs who were successful at theentrance examination.As a result of these Schemes the number of candidates from theseareas attending the examination in the last few years has considerablyincreased. The number of Fior-Ghaedhealtacht candidates whopresentedthemselves for the I9S5 Entrance Examination was 360,as compared with 100 who attended the 1931 Examination. Thenumber of boy candidates from the Connacht Fior-Ghaedhealtacht,especially from County Galway, presented for the examination is,however, disappointing in view of the extensive Fior-Ghaedhealtachtarea in that county, and it is hoped that Managers and Teachers willuse every effort to encourage young persons in that area to presentthemsel ves at the Preparatory Colllege Entrance Examinations henceforth.The average standard (!),f the answering of candidates from the~ior-Ghaedhealtacht areas at the entrance Examination was higherm 1~35.than at any previous year, 55 per cent. having reached thequahfymg standard as, compared with 51 per cent. in 1934 and 42:per cent. in 1933.15The figures in regard to the candidates from the Fior-Ghaedhealtachtareas who attended the Entrance Examination in 1935 are shownin the following table :-Munster Connacht Tir Conaill-- -- -- -- -- -- --Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Total-- -- -- -- -- --{I) Number examined .56 59 17 60 66 102 360{2) Number who reachedpass standard underPreparatory Collegeregulations .. :32 32 8 25 46 55 198.(3)Number passed underSpecial Scholarshipregulations, but failedunder PreparatoryCollegeregulations ' .. 5 5 10 3 13 36·(4) Number securedplaces in PreparatoryColleges 19 15 8 14 17 30 103.(5) Number securedSecondary Scholarships(Fior-Ghaedhealtacht) 2 2 - 7 4 3 IS.(6)Remainder of these ineludedunder(2)and (3) 16 20 - 14 28 35 113It will be observed that, of the 234 students (198 plus 36) whopassed the examination either on the Preparatory College standardor the special standard laid down for the Fior-Ghaedhealtacht scholarshipsto Secondary Schools, 121, i.e., approximately 52 per cent.,obtained places in the Colleges or Scholarships to Secondary Schools .Of the remainder 3 boys from Connacht were selected for the specialpreliminary course in preparation for the 1936 examination.Preliminary Course 1934-35.Nine students from the Connacht Fior-Ghaedhealtacht (3 boys and.6 girls) attended this Course, which was very successful, the threeboys and four of the girls obtaining places in the Pneparatory Colleges.and one girl securing a scholarship in a Secondary School.(b)IAppointment of Pupil Teachers.The reasons underlying the decision to abolish the Pupil Teacher'system, mentioned at an earlier stage in this Chapter, are given in the-circular letter which was issued to Secondary Schools in December,1935, and which reads as follows ;-"The Department has had under review the (existing arrangementsfor the recruitment of candidates for the profession ofPrimary Teacher which were intr.oduoed in 1.926.

16 17"As explained in the Department's report of 1924-25, themethodsof recruitment which had been previously in existence;viz., the Monitorial and Pupil Teacher (old) systems and the opencompetition (Easter Scholarship) Examination, had failed to providethenecessary number of candidates with the required standard ofeducation. To remedy this position the Preparatory College systemand a revised Pupil Teacher scheme were introduced, which ensuredthat all the candidates recruited through those two avenues receivedprior to entering on a course of training, a sound secondary educationup to and including the full programme for the Leaving CertificateExamination for Secondary Schools. In 1931 further changes weremade requiring that all candidates reaching the Colleges throughopen competition would also have completed successfully the-Leaving Certificate Course for Secondary Schools." There has been a very steady improvement in recent years in thenumbers and in the quality of the candidates entering by opencompetition, and it is now found that this examination, togetherwith the Preparatory College scheme, will provide without difficultythe number of candidates required annually to fill the places notreserved for Graduates, Untrained Assistant Teachers, etc. Inthe circumstances, the need for the Pupil Teacher system, which,prior to the adoption of the Leaving Certificate Examination as thegeneral basis for admission to Training, was a valuable aid to therecruitment of candidates with the desired standard of education"has now passed and it has accordingly been decided- to discontinuethe system." In order, however, that due notice to the schools and the pupils.may be given, a limited number of appointments of Pupil Teachers,not exceeding 10 boys and 20 girls, will be sanctioned for the-1936--38 Course, but after that date no further appointmentswillbe made."Pupil Teachers appointed in 1934 or 1935 and those to beappointed in 1936, will complete their course in accordance withthe terms of the regulations under which they were appointed."No alteration of material import was made in the regulations.governing the appointment of Pupil Teachers for the 1935-37 course,but, having regard to the fact that the discontinuance of the systemwas under contemplation, the number of appointments made in1935 was reduced; and in view of the general relation between thenumbersf . b .0 serving oy Pupil Teachers and the output of trained men.teachers of wh th . t. ' om ere is a p~esent a surplus a further limitationin the numberf b' '0 oys appointed was made. Although the total!riumber of applican+g showed a sli~ht fallin/? off and the proportion-of girls who passed with honours in Irish and with honours in theexamination generally fell rather considerably lower than in 1934-factors of themselves to which no special importance is to be attached-there was, nevertheless, exceedingly keen competition for theseplaces, less than one-seventh of the fully qualified girls and less thanone-fourth of the fully qualified boys securing appointment. Thefollowing table gives particulars as to the entrance competition,which is based on the result of the Secondary Schools IntermediateCertificate Examination, applicants being appointed in the order ofmerit' of their answering there at :-Number ofApplicantsNumber who Number of thosepassed the in precedingexamination column whoand obtained obtained HonoursHonours in in the entireIrishExaminationNumber ofAppointments.made----Boys:1933 175 78 74 301934 157 103 96 311935 152 93 92 20GIRLS:1933 418 261 227 40193. 419 313 280 411935- -410 235 224 33Pupil Teachers are required at the completion of their two years'course to sit for the Leaving Certificate Examination, and those whopassat that examination, obtain Honours in Irish, pass in Englishand answer satisfactorily in History, Geography and Mathematics,are summoned to the Training Colleges. It is to be expected ofcandidates for whom, in the first instance, such a high standard ofeducation is necessary in order to secure appointment, that the results;at the termination of their course will be very satisfactory, and this.expectation was fully realised in the case of those completing theircoursein 1935. It had been necessary in 1934 to refuse summons totrainingto five Pupil Teachers who had not secured honours in Irish,but last year all Pupil Teachers complied with the specified conditionsand were declared eligible for training. It is not so satisfactory tohave to report that a number of them abandoned. their preparationfor the teaching profession at that stage.

18-'Statistics in regard·to the results of the Leaving Certi~cate Examin-.ation in the case of pupil teachers in recent years are gIven under :-Boys:'Girls.PassedExamined with Honours Passed1933 7i621934 41 411935 19 191933 67 651934 55 551935 48 48There were, on the 30th June, 1935, 138 Pupil Teachers serving.67 of these (19 boys and 48 girls) were then completing their course,and the remaining.71 (30 boys and 41 girls) were appointed in August,1934.(c) Open Competitive Examination for Entrance to the TrainingColleges,and Examination for Qualification as UntrainedTeacher and Junior Assistant Mistress.92AssistantThe tests, which are now known as the Training College EntranceExamination, comprising an oral examination (and, for women, anexamination in Needlework) at Easter, for those who pass the LeavingCertificate Examination, form the basis for both the Open Competitionfor admission to training and also for obtaining qualificationsas Untrained Assistant Teacher or as Junior Assistant Mistress.The numbers and quality of the candidates attending this examinationcontinue to be satisfactory; the reduction in the number ofmen in 1935 is, no doubt, due to the limitations which, on accountof the unemployment problem, have been necessarily imposed inrecent years on the number of men admitted to training. Notice hasbeen given in this connection that the number of vacancies for men inthe Training Colleges in September, 1936, as a result of the OpenL

20 21to become a National School Teacher" are given in the pamphletpublished annually by the Government Publications Sale Office, 5NassauStreet, Dublin.*(d) The Training Colleges.The curriculum of the Training Colleges continues to follow the1ines laid down in the new Programme which was introduced at thebeginning of the 1932-33 session. With the exception of one or twosubjects in one College, where the circumstances are exceptionaland it is hoped of a temporary nature, Irish is the mediumof instruction generally, and to an increasing extent the spokenlanguage of the Colleges.Last year's report pointed out the radical difference effected in thefirst and final year examinations by the new conditions, and, whilstrecording that the results fell short, to an extent, of the standardexpected, it was mentioned that this position was regarded as onlytemporary. It is a matter for regret that there was no improvementin this respect at the examinations of 1935, and it was necessary toallow relaxations similar to those of 1934 in the "pass" conditions,but care was taken to ensure that the students, who benefitted bythese concessions, should be generally suitable. The causes under-1ying the failures at these examinations are directly traceable to defectswhich measures have already been taken to remedy, and it is anticipatedthat the results of the Training College examinations next yearwill show a material improvement.The number of students in preparation for the teaching professionwho failed to carry out their undertakings and abandoned theircourse was again large. This matter is a cause of serious dislocationto the working of the Colleges. 'fhe report for 1933-34 dealt in detailwith the Department's attitude towards this question, but, althoughthe position does not yet shew any marked improvement, there aregrounds for hoping that future defections will not be of such seriousproportions.Early in the 1935-36 session number of professors of the DublinTraining Colleges found it Pos~ible to avail themselves of a 'specialcourse of lectures in the National Museum conducted by theDirector; this course ,:as inal.jgurated with a view to enabling theparticipants to conduct m futuri, classes of their own students throughthe Irish Antiquities Division "nd its connected Collections, so thatthe students in training may be stimulated to a greater interest in thesubject and be enabled in tU~n to impart that interest to theirpupi'1S on thei eir bel ing appointed ' m. due course as teachers of Nation . alSchools.'*.Price 3d. net.VI.APPEAL BOARD.During the school year 1934-35 there were 65 appeals against reportsof general inspection of the work of individual teachers. For con--sideration of these the Board held 9 meetings.In each appeal case, the report against which the appeal is lodged,the detailed reasons submitted by the appellant and the observations-of the inspector thereon are examined and discussed by the Board ofAppeal, which investigates whether there exists a prima facie caseand whether the regulations as regards the making of appeals havebeen observed. The Board, if satisfied on these points, suggests to theMinister the name of an inspector of rank not less than that of-divisional inspector for dealing with the appeal, generally by holding.a re-inspection of the teacher's work. When the report of the secondinspector has been received, the Board makes a recommendation tothe Minister in regard to the action to be taken on that report.In the school year ended 30th June, 1935, re-inspections wereallowed in sixty-two cases. In respect of twelve of these, the ratingsawarded to the teachers at the first inspections were raised as theresult of re-inspection; in forty-two cases, the reports which hadbeen appealed against were confirmed as a whole; in six instancesreports were confirmed with modifications, and in two others, whichpresented exceptional features, it was decided to regard the reports-as incidental reports only, subject to the understanding that newgeneral inspections would be made later.vn.An ObA1ft 1115 no, scon.ecnnx..UA I::ISt;e ScolLe.1 n-

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28each containing about thirty different species of seeds, etc., weregiven to those schools in which the Rural Science course proper wastaught.VIII.PRIMARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION.The figures regarding attendance, and answering, of pupils at this.examination since its inception in 1929, are as follows :-Year1929193019311932193319341935No. Examined9,32710,0079,19810,31111,14511,21510,998No. Qualified7,4277,3977,0427,1358,3307,6777,753The satisfactory features of the examination of 1935 were that thenumber of pupils who passed was, despite a somewhat reduced attendance,higher than in 1934, and that only in a comparativelysmall number of cases could any objection be taken to the mannerin which the marking was carried out. The general attendance figures.are, however, again disappointing. The Central Joint Committee,which is composed of inspectors and teachers, and which exercises ageneral check over the standard of marking, was not as representativeas in former years.The need for the existence of a certificate testifying to the successfulcompletion of a full course of primary education is, in theopinion of the Department, one which is likely to grow with time.It is, however, realised, as mentioned in previous reports, that underexisting arrangements, the examination does not carry a wide appeal,and it is hoped that it will be possible to make proposals which willenlist a more general support from managers and teachers. Meanwhile,in order to maintain the continuity of the scheme, arrangements for theholding of the forthcoming examination are being made on the linesof previous years.IX.SCHOLARSIDPS IN SECONDARY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS.Whilst the number of Councils operating schemes of scholarshipsunde: the Local Government {Temporary Provisions) Act, 1923,remamed t ti . 1935 .B s a ion ary m , s.e., 24 County Councils and County,...,..orough C'1OunC1s, an advance 1S.being made in 1936 f Counties.aildare and W' Id . t d . •lC ow are ill ro Ucmg schemes this year, bringing29the total to 26 out of a possible 31. The five- Councils- whichwill not have schemes in operation are: County Carlow, CountyClare, County Limerick, County Meath and County Waterford.1,590 candidates, as compared with 1,371 in 1934, attended theexamination of 1935 ; but the number who qualified for Scholarships.by passing at the examination fell from 597 to 496. It is to be observedin this connection, that the National School Programme was revisedin the Autumn of 1934. Rural Science, Algebra and Geometrysubjectswhich were amongst those on the Secondary ScholarshipExamination Programme from which the candidates had to make achoice-became, under the revision, optional subjects for the greatmajority of National Schools. The examination, was, therefore, heldin a time of transition and this fact possibly explains to some extentthe reduction in the proportion of candidates who passed the examinationas compared with the previous year.290 scholarships in all were awarded under the terms of the publishedschemes in 1935, this being an increase of 24 on the number given in1934. It is a regrettable, though a remarkable, fact that the scheme forspecial scholarships in Domestic Economy offered by the Mayo CountyCouncil has not been a success. The number of candidates competinghas been very small and, in 1935, it was only found possible to awardone of the two scholarships offered, owing to the low standard ofanswering generally.The arrangements initiated in 1935 for the marking of the answerbooksof the candidates by extern examiners under the supervisionof the Department's Inspectors, were found to work very satisfactorily.Particulars regarding the operation of the scheme in each countyare given at page 169.Following on the receipt of representations that the amendmentsin the Examination Programme and "pass" conditions, which hadbeen introduced for the 1935 examination, were not sufficient tomeet the changed circumstances of the new school programme, theDepartment decided to make further alterations for 1936, so as toremove the obligation hitherto imposed on candidates of taking, andof passing in, two additional subjects as well as in Irish, English,Arithmetic and History and Geography.The subjects Algebra, Geometry, Drawing, Rural Science andNature Study, and (for girls) Needlework, will, henceforward, beoptional; should a candidate so desire, he may take anyone or twobut not more than two, of these subjects, and he will receive creditfer ~he total marks obtained in each optional subject presented,provided that he secures at least 20 per cent. of the maximum marksassigned to such subject.Opportunity was also taken to modify somewhat the regulationsin regard to the obligatory subjects, and the condition requiringcandidates to "secure not less than 40 per cent ..of the aggregate marksassigned to Irish and English " has been removed.

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34the various city hopsitals for the treatment of school children, andthe following is a summary of the more important defects treatedduring the year :-DentalDefects:In General HospitalsIn Dental HospitalIn Dental Clinic, Lord Edward StreetIn Dental Clinic, Terenure1,9971,3213,8937782,551 children received treatment for defective vision and/or squint, and45 were treated by private practitioners. Orders for 18 artificial eyeswere issued in necessitous cases. 544 cases of external eye disease;240 cases of defective hearing, otorrhoea, etc., 1,460 cases of diseasedtonsils and adenoids received operative treatment; and 540 cases ofskin disease (including ringworm of scalp).There were 21 cases of deformities in the orthopaedic wards andorthopaedic appliances were supplied and repaired.The number of visits paid by nurses to the homes of the childrenwas 10,784. All of the nurses were engaged for a month at antidiphtheriaimmunisation.County Borough of Cork.-During the year 1935 the thirty-nineschools in the Borough were visited and 8,439 children were inspected.The number of particular inspections was 4,645. Of these, 3,963were routine and 682 were special inspections.Among the defects found by particular inspection were thefollowing :-Routine SpecialInspections InspectionsSkin Disease94 6Eye: Defective Vision (Squint not ineluded)460 195Squint107 43External Eye Disease134 61Ear: Defective Hearing27 8Otorrhoea, etc.66 89Nose and Throat: Enlarged Tonsils andAdenoids.. 714 306Other Conditions 27 45Heart and Circulation 93 65Lungs: Bronchitis, etc. 72 42The percentage of children found to require dental treatment58.0.The percentage of malnourished children was 14.2.was35The following is a summary of the defects treated under theScheme :-Disease or DefectNumberTreated Where TreatedDental Caries 1,485Eye: Defective Vision 704Other Diseases and Defects 82Minor Diseases 163Ear Diseases 126Nose and Throat:Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 434Other Diseases and Defects 57Skin Diseases, Minor Injuries andSeptic Sores .. 975Glasses were suppliedfree of charge to 527 children.Cork Dental Hospital.City HospitalsSpecialistsThe percentage of children who availed themselves of treatment hasimproved except for that of enlarged tonsils and adenoids, which is low-48.1 per cent.-and shows a decrease of 5.6 on last year's percentage.The results of treatment are, generally speaking, very satisfactory,but the failure of many children to wear their glasses regularly persistsdespite repeated "following up" by the Staff and the help given bymany teachers.Attendances at the Clinic continue to increase, the number forthe year-8,735-being the highest yet recorded.The number of home visits paid by the Nurses was 3,669.do.School ClinicCity HospitalsSpecialistsdo.do.School ClinicCounty Borough of Limerick.-Routine medical inspections in theschools were inoperative during the greater portion of the year. Thenumber of children examined was 779, consisting of 168 routine and611 special inspections.The numbers of children who received treatmentwere as follows :_Tonsils and AdenoidsDefective VisionExternal Eye DiseaseDental defects ..bybyunder the Scheme6816734565C2

37County Borough of Waterford.-No. of pupils examinedAge Groups:o to 5 years67891011121314Eye: Defective Vision ..SquintOther eye defectsEar: Defective Hearing ..Otorrhoea, etc.Skin: ImpetigoRickets1,259299201130116-106-117819965-39-Total 1,259Amongst defects found requiring treatment or observation were thefollowing :-Teeth: Dental defects .. 413Nose and Throat: Tonsils 50Tonsils and Adenoids 32Adenoids 4242S1725-15104On November l st, 1935, an agreement was entered into by theCorporation with the Authorities of the City and County Infirmaryfor the treatment of dental defects, defective vision and other eyedefects, and diseased tonsils and adenoids referred for treatment bythe School Medical Officer, but the number so referred to the end ofthe year 1935 was necessarily small.County Carlour , -A summary of the work carried out under theSchool Medical Inspection Scheme in County Carlow during theyear 1935 is as follows :-Schools examinedNumber of children examinedParents present at examination ..18 (all Rural).95274 per cent.Summary of Main Defects in percentages:-Cleanliness:HeadBodyClothing and FootgearMalnutritionNot vaccinatedTeeth ..Eyes:Defective VisionStrabismusOther eye conditions56341742637Nose and Throat :Tonsils 39Adenoids .. 73Enlarged Cervical Glands 78Heart Disease .. 7Anaemia 8Suspected Tuberculosis of Lungs.. 28School Children treated at Special Clinics during the year :- ,Eye Clinic 577Dental Clinic 349Tuberculosis: 1County Cavan.-No. of Schools medically inspected, 108; No. ofchildren inspected, 5,295.No. ofPer Cent.Principal Defects children 1935 1934 1933 1932Defective Clothing andFootgear 163 3.0 2.3 3.9 5.0Uncleanliness 296 5.6 17.4 16.9 26.75Not Vaccinated 349 6.6 7.5 4.6 16.05Undernourished 248 4.7 7.9 9.28 7.38Eyes:13.7 18.9Defective Sight 624 11.8 10.7Defective Teeth 2,608 49.2 35.4 34.6 34.48..Throat and Nose:Enlarged Tonsils andAdenOids 582 10.9 14.09 15.618,4Operative Tonsils andAdenoids 305 5.6 3.6 5.37 13.6Rhinitis 220 4.1Enlarged Cervical' Gland~' 409 7.7 9.5 8.943727

38Treatment.-177 children received operative treatment for tonsilsand adenoids during the year; 56 dental clinics and 28 eye clinicswere held.County Cork.-The records of work for the year 1935 include :_(a)NorthernAreaRoutine Medical Examinationof children at schools 5,960(b) Examination by Refraction ofcases of Defective Vision .. 328No. of pairs of glasses provided318(c) Operative Treatment at Hospitalsof cases of diseasedTonsils and Adenoids 180No. dealt with by PrivatePractitioners 29(d) Examination by SchoolNurses of children for cleanliness13,467(e) Home Visits and visits toschools by School Nurses forthe purpose of investigatingillness or "following-up" casesreferred for treatment 1,219No. of visits by the part-timeJubilee Nurses 149SouthernArea1,8253743371463015,6551,314653WesternArea1,6131731621182618,346The total number of children examined was 9,398, and of thisnumber 4,173 or 44.4 per cent. suffered from defects. A total of 5,909defects was discovered, of which 3,055 required treatment and 2,854required to be kept under observation; 1,415 children or 15.5 percent. of the total number examined suffered from more than onedefect.County Donegal.-1. Number of Schools Inspected2. Number of Children on Rolls3. Number of Children Inspected:Primary ..Secondary14923215818381636378PrincipalDefects:39Carious TeethDiseased Tonsils and AdenoidsDefective VisionSuspected Pulmonary TuberculosisUncleanlinessTreatment:18120792101154Operations for the removal of Enlarged orDiseased Tonsils and Adenoids . . 52Children treated at School Dental Clinics .. 335Children for whom Glasses were prescribed atSchool Eye Clinics . . . . 48Children treated at Eye and Ear Hospital,Derry:Extern Department59Intern Department11Children who had Glasses prescribed at Eyeand Ear Hospital, Derry54County Galway.-The second inspection of schools in County Galwaywas started at the beginning of the year 1935.The numbers examined during that year were 5,827, and thenumber of Schools inspected was 62(h) The most common defect s found requiring treatment orobservation were as follows :-Per cent.Dental Caries .. . . 3,071 52.7Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 749 12.8Slightly enlarged do. 963 16.5Defective Vision 466 7.9Bronchitis 137 2.3Malnutrition 312 5.3Uncleanliness 489 8.3Absence of Vaccination Marks 680 11.6Note-Re-examinations are included in the above figures.TREATMENT:Dental.-Dental Clinics were held in Galway city and in sc~o~lsor dispensaries throughout the county. The total number of ~hmcsheld Was 163, at which there was a total attendance of 3,363 children-Eyes.-Ophthalmic Clinics were held throughout the County, anda total of 456 children examined. In addition, operative treatmentfor Squint Was rendered in seven cases.

40Tonsils.-Operations for enlarged tonsils and adenoids were doneon 217 children, and one child was operated on for Polypi.County Limerick.-Boys.Girls.No.Examined Group 1 1,000 Group 1 1,0562 1,901 2,898 2 2,095 3,2523 88 3 101Tonsils 1 40 1 52and 2 67 110 2 109 167Adenoids 3 3 3 61 39 1 52Dental 2 328 393 2 428 5043 26 3 241.37 1 49Vision 2 186 243 2 266 3403 20 3 25Squint and 1 32 1 40External Eye 2 61 99 2 78 122Disease 3 6 3 4Treatment.Dental Cases treated460Cases of Defective Vision, Squint and ExternalEye Disease .. 512Cases of Tonsils and Adenoids Treated 186County Louth.-1. Total number of children examined :_Boys GirlsEntrants (age, 6-7 years)460 404Intermediates (age, 9-10 " ) 369 343Leavers (age, 12-14" )149 178Cases specially presented411 402Total .. 1,389 1,3272 Grand Total . . 2716. Number of children notified to parents as suffering from defectsand number receiving attention :_ 'Number No. receivedE Defects Notified Attentionnlarged Tonsils and Ad id1\,f' S enoi s 224 113E llnor urgical Operationsyes 23 23Dental Caries 270 227The above table only i~~ludes " 1,44? 618merit, and 1 152 private ti cases entItled to free medical treat-. ' no Ices ha b .private treatment. Ve een Issued recommending41Of the 227 eye cases, 133 have received spectacles, one received anartificial eye, and three cases were recommended for hospital treatment.County Mayo.-In 1935, 35 schools were visited for the purpose ofroutine Medical Inspection and the number of children inspectedtherein was 3,093. Of these, 1,615 children were found to be defectivein some way or other. 2,049 visits were paid to Dental Clinics fortreatment of defective teeth and 823 children were treated for defectivevision; the number of clinics in each of these two cases being198 and 117 respectively. 15 children were referred for treatmentunder the Tuberculosis scheme, and a considerable number werereferred for specific ailments to their own private practitioners. ".Offaly.-During the year all the schools (115) were medically inspected,and a total of 3,694 children presented for examination,The principal defects found were as follows :-Dental DefectsEnlarged Tonsils and Ads.Defective VisionSuspected Pulmonary T.B.Uncleanliness ..MalnutritionChildren having some defect2,1991,348516901,0901133,11259%36%14%2.4%29%3%84%31 dental clinics were held at various centres, in dentists' surgeries,dispensaries, schools and parochial halls. 823 children were treated.43 eye clinics were held at which 254 children were. treated. 10children were sent to the Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, for eyeoperations. 183 children were operated on for enlarged tonsils andadenoids.County Roscommon.-Schools InspectedNo. of children on rollNo. of children presentNo. of children inspectedNo. of children referred for treatmentAnalysis of defects among above:DentalOcularTonsils and/or AdenoidsReferred to T.B. SchemeReferred to Special School ClinicOther Defects . . . .533,3132,9792,9191,4988775973656765

42Treatment carried out during the year:Tonsils and/or AdenoidsDentalOcularT. B. SchemeSpecial School Clinic220518550676County Westmeath.-There are 122 National Schools in CountyWestmeath, with a total roll of 9,473. School Medical Inspectionwas begun in September, 1930, and all the schools had been examinedonce by September, 1935, the complete tour of the National Schoolsthus taking five years. Needless to say, this interval between visits ofinspection is too long, and, with assistance in the work, it is hoped toreduce the period considerably.The following is a short summary of the work carried out during theyear 1935:-Number of schools medically inspected 27Number of children examined Boys, 787Girls, 652 1,439Number of children during whose examinationparents were present 817Number and Percentage of Principal Defects Discovered:Number PercentageDefective Vision (including squint 137 9.5External eye disease 78 5.4Dental disease 763 53.0Malnutrition 199 13.8Enlarged Tonsils and (or) Adenoids 337 23.4Attendances for Treatment at the various Clinics were as follows :-Oculist Clinics 358Dental Clinics 515Throat Clinics 29County Wexford.-During the year 1935 there were 95 schools inspected,and in addition to the children examined who came intoroutine or special groups, a separate inspection was made of childrenwho had previously been examined in detail, with a view to ascertainingif defects noted had been fully corrected and treated.Th~ total number of children inspected was 3,510. The total numberof chIldren re-inspected was 1,466.The number of special school clinics for the treatmentdefects was as follows :_Tonsils and AdenoidsEye ClinicsDental Clinicsof various1096210643Special clinics for the treatment of eyes and teeth we~e arrangedfor outlying schools where children would have long distances .totravel to the nearest town. These clinics were usually held at dISpensariesconvenient to a group of outlying s~hools and broughtthe various services within easy reach of all children.The total numbers of defective children referred and treated at thevarious clinics during the year were :-Tonsils andEyes Teeth AdenoidsRe- Re- ReferredTreated ferred Treated ferred TreatedWexford Urban 141 96 181 111 150 S9Enniscorthy 83 71 93 74 37 23" · .New Ross 61 51 107 62 91 77" · .Wexford Rural 144 107 94 50 106 79New Ross 114 93 "216 166 96 53" · . 52Enniscorthy .. 24 16 82 55 68" 8S 63Gorey 45 39 53 25" · .Total 612 473 826 543 636 436..Children of tuberculous parents, or children who had otherwisebeen in contact with tuberculosis and who showed signs of undernutritionwere referred to the various tuberculosis dispensaries forspecial examination and treatment. The total number of such childrenreferred during the year was 200.During the year also 20 children were referred to the VenerealDiseases clinic for special treatment.County Wicklow.-1932 1933 1934 1935Number Inspected .. 3,400 3,373 3,477 1,773Percentage free from defects requiringtreatment 26.90 35.39 27.18 36.06Percentage vaccinated 50.40 64.33 38.33 50.28Percentage with defective teeth 59.30 47.85 63.07 47.06Percentage wi.th eye defects .. 14.10 10.43 9.03 7.73Percentage with enlarged tonsilsand/or adenoids .. 11.80 10.08 6.41 5.86

44CHAPTERIll.PROVISION OF SCHOOL MEALS.The Education (Provision of Meals) (Ireland) Acts, 1914 to 1930,form the legislative basis of the system for the provision of schoolmeals. The Acts are administered by the Department of LocalGovernment and Public Health, and information in regard to theoperation of the service is contained in the Annual Report of thatDepartment. In view of the importance of the subject it is, however,considered desirable to give in the Report of the Department ofEducation a brief account of the general working of the scheme.The local authority in any borough or urban district or municipaltown may be empowered, under the provisions of the Acts, to incurexpenditure from the rates for the supply of food in school meals if thelocal authority is satisfied that there are children attending NationalSchools in the district who are unable, by reason of lack of food, totake full advantage of the education provided, and if there are noother funds available to defray the cost of such meals. Recoupmentof the cost is made from a State Grant, to an extent not exceedingone-half of the net expenditure incurred from the rates for the actualprovision of meals, apart from the cost of administration and equipment,provided that the arrangements are in accordance withregulations made under Section 1 (2) of the Education (Provisionof Meals) (Ireland) Act, 1917.A summary of the provisions of the Schools Meals (Gaeltacht) Act,1930, was included in the Report of this Department for the year1929-30.For the purposes of the Act the Gaedhealtacht comprises only certaindistrict electoral divisions set out in the Schedule to the Act. Theyare situated in the County Health Divisions of Cork, Donegal, Galway,Kerry and Mayo.Recoupment from the State Grant, which is payable to boards ofhealth to the extent of one-half of the approved expenditure from therates on the actual provision of food in school meals for childrenattending national schools in the above districts, is limited under theAct to a sum n t '. .th 10e esser :exceedmg whichever of the following amounts is(a) one-half of such expe nses;(b) a sum of £10,000.The cost of administration anot rank for recoupm t f ' pparatus, equipment and staff doesen rorn the GrantA statement showing the a .'maximum of £10 000 PPOrtlOnment of the over-riding, amongst the boards of health concerned for the45year ended 31st March, 1935, together with particul~rs of the actu~lamounts of recoupment paid from the Grant, Will be found mAppendix IV.The following extracts from the Reports of the School MedicalOfficers for the County Boroughs of Cork, Limerick and Waterford,and Counties Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Mayo, Offaly, W~stmeath,Wexford and Wicklow, will give an idea of the ~orkmgof the Schools Meals Scheme in the country generally during theyear 1935:-County Borough of Cork.-A mid-day meal is given in twentysevenschools and consists, in the majority of cases, of a cup of cocoawith bread and butter or jam or a currant bun. Milk, instead of cocoa,is given in nine schools and to the junior infants in two schools .. Itappears the grant of £1,750 is inadequate to cover the cost of milkfor the number catered for-3,426-and for this reason milk is stoppedfor varying periods in the majority of schools where it ~s given.The meal is prepared and consumed on the school pre.m~ses exc~ptin the case of the South Presentation Monastery, where It IS suppliedat a nearby shop. A new luncheon room has been built ~lose t? theschool building at Christian Bros., Blarney Street. It IS equippedwith the necessary appliances for preparing the meal and affordsseating accommodation for 100 children. .At St Vincent's Convent N.S. breakfast is given to ten children,and at 'the North Presentation Convent N.S. to ninety chil~ren.Dinner, consisting of meat, soup and bread, is also .given to ninetychildren at the latter school. These meals are supplied at the Communities'expense.County Borough of Limerick.-The average daily number 0: mealssupplied is 1,286, distributed among the Schools as follows .-St. Mary's Convent Schools 200Presentation Convent Schools.. 156St. John's Convent Schools 300St. Vincent de Paul's Schools.. 140'" St. John Christian Bros.' School 70Leamy's National School 84'" St. Mary's Christian Bros.' School 90• St. Michael's Christian Bros.' Schools 50St. Michael's Infants' School .. 60* St. John's Boys' National School 70.• Thomondgate Christian Bros.' School 36St. Munchin's Infants' School.. 30The meals at schools marked with asterisk (*) are supplied at nearbyshops.The meal consists of a half-pintof Grade A milk and a 4-oz. bun

46containing specified quantities of flour butter milktT' ,1 , sugar, andcurran s. he total yearly number of meals is approximately 270,000.iz: Borough of Waterford.-Free meals are supplied at eleven~ oos. '. The n: eal , c~nsisting of t-pint of milk and a currant bun or breadIS supplied dally to necessitous children in these school >The amount allotted by the Council for this service equals a Idrate, ~~ the administration of the Scheme is left to the SchoolAuthorities, under supervision. 'is :The average daily consumption whilst the scheme is in operationMilk.23t gals.Bread.188 lbs.19f:~;~~7 Corkd-The Educa~ion (Provision of Meals) Ireland Acts,h b' an . t.he Education (School Meals) Regulations 1927ave een administered by the following Urban D' t . t c 'during 1935, namely:-Fermoy, Cobh, Kinsale, Mi~e~~~ pOa~:~il:West, and Yough.al. No steps have been taken by the Skibberee~Mallow or Clonakllty areas towards adopting a School Meals Scheme:The following are parti ul. lC ars as to the operation of the S hdunng the past year:- c erneNo. of Average TotalAREA SchoolsAverageDaily No. No. of TotalinCost ofof child- Meals Cost ofSchemeFood peTren fed Supplied Food Meal inPenceFermoy £..s. d.1 86Cobh 17,671 71..2 020.96d.134Kinsale 26.750 128..1 7 l.I3d.3 39Midleton9.625 51 14.. 8 1.30d.2 150Passage w.15.600..34 15 320.75d.Youghal91 11,390 71.. 3 921.5d.220 11,660 61 8 8 1.26d.T he School Meals (G 1applied to five h ~e tacht) Act, 1930, has continued to beand Kilcaskin. s~hoOls situate in the Electoral Divisions of Adrigolee average d ·1meals in these areas Was 254 a~y number of children who receivedThe ~eal supplied in the ~WIth a total of 46,849 meals supplied.COcoaWith one or more bu chools consisted generally of a cup ofof I the Gae~ealtacht area, j~r bread and butter, and in the casen the Kmsale Urban area th \\-as also supplied.the Christmas and Easter hOlid:;u~~Z of ~eals was continued duringds, In the case of two schools.Where the School Meals Schemes are in operation they appear tohave been generally appreciated and to have been of benefit to childrenwhose parents are in poor financial circumstances.County Donegal.-The pupils of 116 schools in the DonegalGaedhealtacht are provided with a mid-day meal during the winterperiod, which approximates from 1st October to 31st May. The averagedaily attendance at the schools comprised in the scheme is 6,043.The quantity of food required for each school is estimated on thefollowing basis :-1. Bread, white, brown or buns, at the rate of 4 to 6 ounces perchild, per day.2. Butter at the rate of half-an-ounce per child, per day, wherebuns are not provided.3. Sugar at the rate of half-an-ounce per child, per day.4. Pure New Milk (plain) at the rate of half to one pint per child,per day.(A favourable report by the Board's Veterinary Inspector is acondition precedent to the supply of milk by a Contractor.)In almost all cases the meals are prepared on the school premisesand it is the exception rather than the rule to have the work of preparationentail any cost to the Board.The Board of Health is expending a sum of £3,354 2s. 5d. in connectionwith the provision of School Meals, for the year ending 31stMarch, 1936.County Dublin.-During the year 1935 the provision of schoolmeals was carried out in the Borough of Dun Laoghaire. Here thereare three centres, one at The Hall, Eblana Avenue, Dun Laoghaire,which serves two large schools-the Christian Brothers' School (Boys)and the Dominican Convent (Girls). The second is at Glasthule, andthe third at Blackrock Town Hall, which serves schools in theirrespective areas. At the inauguration of the scheme, a meal of beefstew and vegetables was suppled each day except Friday, when ameal of boiled rice on milk was supplied. It was deemed unwise tomake a radical change in this dietary, and so a gradual change overto a meal of cocoa made on milk, with brown bread and butter, wassuggested. This meal is now served three days a week, the stew stillbeing served on only two days, and the rice meal abolished. A completechange over to the cocoa on milk will be effected this year, asthis type of meal has been definitely proved to be superior in fooda.nd vitamin values to meals of the stew type, but it has taken a littlebme to educate parents to accept this.14~he total number of meals served in 1935 was 35,084, of which, 97 Were served at the Dun Laoghaire Centre, 14,677 at Glasthule,and 5,510 at Blackrock.

48 49County Galway.-Under this Act, a mid-day meal is provided forchildren attending 97 schools in the Gaedhealtacht areas. The teachersare responsible for supervising the general arrangements, and theirefforts in this respect are commendable.The scale provided for children during the winter months consistsof:-(1) 6 ounces of white or brown bread per school child per day-(2) Butter at the rate of half-an-ounce per school child per day.(3) Sugar at the rate of one pound to each gallon of cocoa made.(4) Jam at the rate of half-an-ounce per child per day.(5) Ground cocoa at the rate of one pound for 80 children.(6) Condensed milk (plain) at the rate of one pound to each gallonof cocoa made.Jam is used only as an alternative when butter is not requiredor is not available.During the summer months items 3, 5 and 6 are discontinued ..County Mayo.-As regards the provision of School Meals under theSchool Meals (Gaeltacht) Act, 1930, the Act applied to 54 schools inMayo. Since the operation of this Act, the school in the Island ofInnishkea North has been abandoned and the pupils have been transferredto Aughleam School, leaving only 53 schools to which the Actapplies; in three of these the Act is not in operation so there remainedonly 50 schools during the year, at a total cost of £4,340 18s. 7d..The Meals consisted of white or brown bread at 4 ozs. per child perday. Butter or jam at i-ox. per child per day, ground cocoa at l-Ib,per 100 children per day.Offaly.-The following are particulars of school meals supplied inTullamore and Birr Urban Districts:-TULLAMORE.No. of children who received meals 230Average number of children receiving meals 192Number of days on which meals were supplied 200Cost of scheme.. £156 18s. Id.Rate struck for same 2d. in £.Nature of food given Buns and Hot Milk.Amount of Voluntary contributions .. NiLBIRR.Average daily number of children in receipt of meals im:(a) Birr Con ent N .S. 190M (b) Birr Boy' N.S. " .. ... •. 92Th etals Were provided in (a) on 208 days, and in (lJ) em 198 days,e otal expendi-ture out of the rates on the pfovisi0n of meals for'Ithe year was £111 8s. 8d., fifty per cent. of which is recoupable fromthe School Meals Grant. Meals supplied consisted of brown bread,butter, cocoa and milk. 0 voluntary contributions were received.Rate struck, 2d. in £.County Westmeath.-The scheme for provision of school meals tonecessitous children, operated by the Mullingar Town Commissioners,continued to function efficiently during 1935. Milk, when a sufficientquantity is available, otherwise cocoa, with bread and butter, formsthe basis of the meal. During 1935 meals were supplied to childrenattending the Presentation Convent Schools on every school day ofthe year, and the average number of children in receipt of meals was165.£ s. d.Expenditure on foodstuffs amounted to 124 18 1Wages and administration11 15 10Total .. £136 13 11There is no official scheme in operation in Athlone Urban District,School meals, provided out of private charitable funds, are suppliedto necessitous children attending the Christian Brothers' ationalSchool, Mullingar, and a number of Convent National Schools in thecounty.County Wexford.--During 1935 the Wexford Corporation and theUrban Councils of Enniscorthy and New Ross spent the followingsums on school meals in their respective areas :-Expenditure No. of£ s. d. schools(1) Wexford 210 19 10 6(2) Enniscorthy 275 8 4 3(3) New Ross .. 167 7 10 4The usual meal given was bread with margarine, jam or syrup'with cocoa. In Enniscorthy milk is supplied instead of cocoa duringthe summer months.County Wicklow.-In the Bray Urban District, meals, consisting ofSavoy cocoa, freshly churned butter from Lucan Dairy, and bread,were distributed to children in Loreto Convent School, RavenswellConvent School, St. Peter's School, and St. Cronan's School. In all.104,756 meals were given during the year.In Wicklow Urban District, meals are only provided during sixmonths in the year, beginning on a suitable date in October andending at the Easter holidays. 126 necessitous children were passedfor meals under the scheme, for the period October, 1934, to April,u1935. Suitable premises were rented in The Mall, WickloW, rent

50including attendance and cooking. From this centre meals were distributeddaily, excluding Saturdays and Sundays. The meals consistedof meat stew on Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays; onWednesdays and Fridays, cocoa, bread and jam. The meals were.supervised by a Voluntary Ladies' Committee. The expenditure onthe scheme for the six months, October, 1934, to April, 1935, was£80 17s. 9d.No school meals were given in Arklow Urban Area during 1935, buta scheme is being formulated, and will come into operation, it ishoped, during the present year.CHAPTER IV.SECONDARY EDUCATION.I.GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.Increase in Numbers.In the school year 1934-35 there were 319 recognised secondary:schools in operation with a total enrolment of 33,499 pupils. These"figuresshow an increase of 5 schools and 1,115 pupils on the numbersfor 1933-34 ; the corresponding increases for that year on the previousyear were 3 and 1,418 respectively. These figures are important asindicating the continued progress and extension in SecondaryEducation so notable in recent years.Instruction Through Irish.It is gratifying to record that there is a further substantial increasein the number of schools in which full or partial instruction is giventhrough the medium of Irish. The following are the figures for1934-35, as compared with the corresponding figures for 1933-34 :-1934-35 1933-34No. of schools in which Irish was the ordinarymedium of instruction (Class A) 67 61No. of schools in which partial instruction wasgiven through Irish (Class B.1 and B.2) 113 101Totals 180 162Thus, in 1934-35, 56.4 per cent. of the total number of recognisedsecondary schools provided instruction through Irish whereas thefigure for 1933-34 was 51.5 per cent.Of t~e ~7 schools admitted to Class A, 23 were boys' schools, 43.wer~ girls schools, and one was a mixed school for boys and girls.Irish was also used as the medium of instruction in a considerablenumber of the classes recognised in Primary Schools as followingapprOved secondary courses.51Special Prizes for Irish.(a) Shields for Irish-speaking Schools.The competition for the shields held in connection with the schoolsin which Irish is used as the ordinary medium of intercourse inrecreation and social activities as well as in school work continues toevolve keen rivalry among the schools referred to and the excellentstandard attained by a number of the schools fully justifies the purposeof the competition. In the year under review-the second yearof the competition-the shields changed hands and it is evident thatthe distinction of having their names engraved on the trophies is.stimulating the competitors to strenuous efforts to qualify for theiraward.(b) Medals.Eight medals-four gold and four silver-were awarded for excellencein Irish composition at the Leaving and Intermediate CertificateExaminations. Similar medals will be offered for competition eachyear.Plays in Irish.The production of plays in Irish has been an invaluable help tostudents of the language and school authorities have not been slow inrecognising the extent to which the staging of plays can be used inmaking instruction efficient and interesting. Participation in plays.in Irish imparts a fluency and diction that cannot be achieved byordinary class work.In recent years several schools have adopted the practice of havingIrish plays studied and produced by their pupils and the success·attending these efforts induced the Department to appoint a temporaryinspector and organiser to assist managers and teachers in thework.The Inspector has been at work during the school year 1934--35,and it is manifest that much good has been accomplished as a resultof his services. He was able to assist in the selection of suitable plays.and to help in surmounting the obstacles attending their production.Reports to hand show that school authorities fully appreciate thevalue of the help he was able to give them. His services are beingretained by the Department for the school year 1935-36.Large Classes in Secondary Schools.In recent years it has been a matter of concern to the Departmentthat in a number of schools there was a tendency to enrol an excessivenumber of pupils in certain classes especially the Junior classes. E~o~tshave been made to correct this tendency by inspection and adml.mstrativeaction and a new rule was introduced into the RegulatIOns

52 58'for 1934-35 providing that the staff of a school will not be consideredsufficient if, in the opinion of the Department, the number of pupilsin any class is too large to permit of efficient instruction.Standardising Committees.Standardising Committees were appointed for the purpose ofadvising the Department regarding the standard and suitability ofthe papers set in Latin and Geography at the Certificate Examinations,1935.Additional Statistics.A new table is included in Appendix V showing the areas in whichthe residences of the pupils attending recognised Secondary Schools:are situated. A statement regarding the position of the SecondaryTeachers' Superannuation Fund, as on July 31st, 1935, is also indudedin that Appendix.fOl1t5nlte."Cd rURmoR mon l1a 'OC1$te sgorte 50 bRe

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58previous year. The number of registe.red teachers employed was1 513 an increase of 33, as compared WIth the school year 1933-34.Particulars of the numbers of registered and unregistered teachers ineach school are given in Table XVIII, Appendix V.The proportion of registered to unregistered teachers employed,.as compared with the previous year, was as follows t+-Registered: 1933-34 1934-35Men 56.5 54.8Women 49.7 51.1Total 52.8 52.9Unregistered:Men 43.5 45.2'Women .. SO.3 48.9Total 47.2 47.1The number of teachers in receipt of Incremental Salary was 1,298;.being an increase of 30 on the figure for the previous year, andirepresents 85.8 per cent. of the total number of registered teachersemployed,as compared with 85.7 per cent. in 193~34, and 8~.~ percent. in 1932-33. The number of teachers who received an additionalincrement or increments in respect of Honours degrees or equivalents:was 389.The number of teachers who received a special increment for teaching.through the medium of Irish under the terms of the regulations.originally introduced in 1931-32, and revised in 1932-33, was 206·(119 men and 87 women), as compared with 173 (99 men and 74women)-in the previous year.In addition to those who received Incremental Salary, 34 teachers.would have received payment but for the fact that they were employedin schools in which the staff of recognised teachers was greater thanthe" authorised quota," i.e., the proportion of teachers to pupils was.in excess of that sanctioned in the rules. The corresponding figurefor the previous year was 38. There Were five recognised teacherswho came within the authorised quotas in their respective schoolsbut were not paid Increme~tal Salary, three of these having had no.previous approved teaching service to place them on the scale ofpayments and two others having failed to submit claims. .The number of schools in which the number of eligible teachers.employed was less than the quota of teachers entitled to receiveIncremental Salary was 213, and the number of schools in which thenumber of recognised teachers exceeded the authorised quota was.29. The corresponding figures for the previous school year were 198·and 35, respectively.There was an increase in the number of teachers admitted to the59Register of Secondary Teachers in 1934-35, as compared with themumber admitted in the school year 1933-34-the total admissionsbeing 167 (of whom 99 teachers Were definitively registered), as comparedwith 104 in the previous year (of whom 68 were definitivelyregistered) .v.:SECONDARY TEACHERS' SUPERANNUATION SCHEME.'Of the total of 1,337 recognised teachers serving in Secondarychools in the school year 1934-35, 426 were members of the SuperannuationScheme, and of these, 374 or 87.8 per cent. of the total'were lay teachers. Applications for admission to the scheme were.accepted from six teachers during that year. The total number of:persons to whom pensions have been awarded from the inception ofthe scheme to the 31st July, 1935, is 81.Of the total of 51 Preparatory College teachers serving during the.school year 1934-35, 31 (22 lay teachers and 9 religious) were members

6Q 61(b) Scholarships awarded by the Department on the resultsof the Intermediate Certificate Examination (in,-eluding Scholarships held by 56 students who were also'in receipt of Scholarships under (a) mut! who are excludedfrom the figure given thereat)211l(c) Scholarships awarded by the Department under theScheme for students from the Fior-Ghaedhealtacht . . 60'LOtal 1,184With regard to (b), it is to be noted that students may hold Scholanshipsfrom the Department and from a County Council or otherpublic fund or endowment in the same year, but the total extentto which a student may benefit from these Scholarships must notexceed £50 in an year.University Scholarships for Fior-Ghaedhealiacht Students:.The Minister for Education awarded four new University Scholarshipsin 1935 under the Scheme for students from the- Fior-Ghaedhealtacht.There are in all 18 such scholarships now being: heM-14 by boys and4 by girls. Six of the students are following courses in Arts, fourcourses in Science, three courses in Medicine, one a course in Commerce.and four post-graduate courses. All these scholarships are held atUniversity College; Galway.CHAPTER V.VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.I.-PRESENT POSITION OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.Continuation and Technical Education continued to developsteadily during the session 1934-35. In several centres new schoolswere opened and extensions to existing schools were completed.Teaching staffs were increased to meet the growing demand for instruction.Additional equipment was acquired. Despite the rapiderection of new schools, Vocational Education Committees were confrontedwith requests for more schools in areas yet untouched. Therehas now developed a realisation of the value which a sound system ofCon~inuation and Technical Education confers alike upon thoseseekmg employment and those already in occupations. It is notedthat the demand from the rural areas is increasing. Faced with thetask not only of administering an existing scheme but also of meeting:hese urgent rural demands, Vocational Education Committees have.as a rule, displayed sound judgment and initiative. Tile Committees~re generally very active bodies; they take a most intelligent interestm the schemes under their control and are prepared to spend freelyon sound proposals for development.The Committees, as a rule, make a generous.allocation of Scholarshipsto the Gaedhealtacht, and many offer Scholarships to the ResidentialSchools of Domestic Economy. In County Galway and CountyLimerick scholarships were awarded to enable students to attend abetter equipped urban technical schooL This co-operation betweenCommittees is very valuable and its extension should be encouraged.In Co~nty Kildare and the South Riding of Tipperary scholarshipswere gIVen to enable students from outlying centres to go 1iotechnical!schools where more advanced instruction could be afforded. FromCounty Mayo a proposal has come forward recently to award fourscholarships which would help students of the schools to be apprenticedto the motor engineering trade. A special scholarship of £50 was:awarded to a boy by the County Clare Vocational Education Committeeto enable him to secure training in the trades' section of theDublin Technical Schools and inspectors state that there have beernseveral inquiries from Committees as to the possibility of awardingsimilar scholarships tenable either in Cork or Dublin.The Committees and their Chief Executive Officers are now realisingthe value of directing public attention to the work that is being donein their schools. In many cases, prospectuses are issued in advance·giving full particulars of the courses of study, the syllabuses of thesubjectsand the time-tables of the various classes, In a few instances,there is an introductory note giving a brief history of the developmentof the scheme. This is sound educational propaganda and everyscheme should have such a prospectus. Valuable assistance is alsorenderedby members of the Committees who participate in the annualdistribution of prizes and certificates. Such functions present anotheruseful method of informing the people of the nature of the workgoing on in their midst. Many schools utilise the Christmas exhibitionof students' work for the same purpose. Most valuable of all, however,are the results secured from displays of technical school work inconnection with local Feiseanna and agricultural and art and craftshows. Here the exhibits of metalwork woodwork leatherworkne:dlework and cookery command wide at~ention. AS'one Inspecto~p~mts out: "The work of the technical schools is still vague in themIndsti of man Y peop1 e m.both urban and rural areas and these exhibi-Ions are thethe aim d most effective means of demonstrating the methods,factory ~o~ecothdetahchievements of vocational education." It is satisrat su h dithe schemes. Sp ial c isplays are becoming a general feature ofeCI me t·under the County Cork V n l~n may be made of the display workSummer Show which ttocatlOnal Education Committee at the Cork• a racted much favourable attention, and of

64to develop, it is due in the main to inexperience on the part of theteacher. In many parts of the Gaedhealtacht another difficulty arises.Owing to the poverty of the area the pupils are generally unable tobring any materials of their own to the cookery classes and so remainaway from them. This difficulty could be met by Committees allowingdomestic economy teachers in such areas a limited sum to be spenteach session on the purchase of the requisite class materials. Butabsence from these classes in Gaedhealtacht areas may be due to yet.another cause."The fact that so many scholarships tenable in SecondarySchools, Preparatory Colleges and the University are now withinthe grasp of native Irish speakers," writes an Inspector, "has atendency to make girls direct their attention to the subjects necessaryfor these scholarships. Domestic Science is not a subject of examinationfor this purpose and so girls with ambition remain at theschools which can train them for such scholarships."In well-organised schemes, innovations of a useful nature are nowmaking an appearance. During the Easter term, in the session underreview, students in the advanced Commerce continuation classes atRathmines Technical Institute were conducted by their teachers-over a number of important industrial and commercial undertakingsThe places of business visited were :-" Irish Press," Messrs. Willwood,Messrs. Jacob and Co., "The Irish Independent," Messrs. WillsTobacco Factory, and Messrs. Lever Bros., Ltd., Soapworks. Suchvisits, constituting, as they do, a valuable addition to the training ofthe students, should be paid wherever circumstances permit, particularlyin centres where any important industrial activity is beingcarried on." By arrangement with the Principal of the Municipal School ofCommerce, groups of students from the school paid visits to theLibrary. Each visit lasted about an hour, and, during its course, abrief explanation of the classification, cataloguing and general workingof the Library was given. The students were brought around thevarious departments and were given a demonstration of the way inwhich books were located by means of the catalogues, and finallyquestions were invited and answered." This extract from the AnnualReport of the Cork Public Library for 1934-35 indicates anotherimportant addition to continuation education. A similar practice isin operation during the current session amongst the students of theParnell Square Technical School, Dublin, and an extension of it toother suitable areas is to be recommended.Employment bureaus should constitute an important feature insome. of the larger urban schemes and reports indicate that an increasmgnumber of positions are being thus secured for qualified~,tudents. "Amongst the County schemes," states one Inspector,very valuable work was done in this direction in County Cork."65In many areas Chief Executive Officers and headmasters have takena prominent part in assisting any local industrial movement. Thegood effect of this action was very noticeable, so far as the schoolswere concerned, in districts where factories were started.A considerable amount of attention has been given by the variousCommittees to the development of the social activities of day schools.Many schools have now their own playing fields; some have lecturingand debating societies; some produce school magazines. Students'concerts and dramatic performances are given from time to time andfulfil a useful function in the life of the schools.m.-TECHNICALEDUCATION.The general progress of Continuation Education for the three sessionsduring which it has been in operation began to have an importanteffect on Technical Education during 1934-35. Reports from inspectorsrefer to the steady attendance in evening technical classes as a generalfeature of the work of the year and add that, in several schools, notonly was there an increased enrolment at these classes but also thatpupils who had been at the day continuation schools and had obtainedemployment, formed a considerable percentage of those in attendance.This is a welcome development. It means that a good connecting linkis. being formed and that the schools can give properly specialisedinstruction to students who have had the requisite fundamentaltraining. It is pleasing to know that this development, whilst naturallymost marked in the large urban centres, was also in evidence in somesmaller urban centres whose students were for the most part from thesurrounding rural areas.There was yet another force tending to increase the enrolment inevening technical classes, namely, the extension of industrial activitythroughout the country as a whole. The demand for workers withknowledge of a particular process or with technical skill in a papticular operation was an incentive to young tradesmen and apprenticesto take full advantage of the facilities provided in the schools. S6also was the demand for workers with wider outlook and better fundamentaltraining, who could take more responsible posts. The schoolsmust keep these two view points constantly in mind. It is the primaryduty of a school to ensure that its students secure a thorough grasp?f the basic principles underlying their trade or craft, but it is alsoits duty to have regard to the ever changing nature of manufacturing.p~ocesses and to ensure that its students will have as far as possiblet ~:dvan~age of instruction in the most recent developments. .~ mdam part of the work of technical classes is concerned withsueh tn ustries B'Motor Car E . as . uildirig, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Such classesnra~ermg, ~nd the various branches of these industries.work which the e been m active operation for many years and they do has been commented on from year to year. TheD

66instruction is well organised but in the coming year .the programmes ofstudy will be considerably altered to fal~into li~e with the new systemof Technical School Examinations. It IS pleasing to report, however,that the Vocational Education Committees are generally pro~pt torespond to the needs of any industry, potential or actual, and It m~ybe of interest to refer to a few schemes of training that . have been IIIoperation in 1934-35 and are somewhat exceptional m type.Sugar Beet Industry.-The scheme, out~ined. in t~e ~nnual Reportfor 1933-34, for the training of apprentices m this industry, cameinto operation in the session under review. At the termination of the1 .sugar campaign in February, 1935, 50 pe~ cent. of t~e appr~nttces ",:erereleased from the factories to undergo a SIXmonths course m technicalschools while the remainder were retained in the factories for generalmaintenance work. The course for the apprentices from the Mallowand Thurles factories was provided at the local technical schoolsand that for the apprentices from the Carlow and Tuam factories atthe Technical School, Ringsend.In the course at Ringsend-and the courses in the other centreswere closely similar-instruction was provided for a period Of. 32hours per week. The subjects of the course for each group of apprenticesand the weekly allocation of hours to the subjects were as follows:SUbject Fitters Electricians Sugar Cooks· . · .Metalworking 9 6 6O/Acetylene Welding · . 2 2 2Woodworking ·. · . 3 3 6Electricity 2 5 2· . · .Workshop Science ·. 5 5 5Mathematics ·. · . 2t 2t 2tFreehand and MechanicalDrawing ·. · . 2 2 2Workshop Drawing · . It It ItIrish .. ·. ·. 2 2 2English . . ·. ·. 2 2 2Physical Training ·. 1 1 1Total · . 32 32 32With regard to the sugar cook apprentices, it was necessary to takeinto account the fact that they should have an alternative trade.By providing them with a composite course in their first year, itWas believed that they would be subsequently in a better position todetermine the alternative trade for which they were suited.Special evening classes were conducted in the Technical SchoolsI67at Carlow, Mallow and Thurles for the apprentices retained in thefactories. These were in woodwork, metalwork, science, electricalengineering, mathematics and technical drawing.It was the general opinion of those in control of the courses that theapprentices, who worked most earnestly, made very satisfactory progressand returned to the factories in a position to perform theirduties more efficiently in the next campaign. It is understood that,on the conclusion of this campaign, the apprentices retained on theprevious occasion will be liberated for attendance at the special daycourse.Printing Trade.-As pointed out in the Annual Report for 1933--34,a special Course for the training of the apprentices in this Trade inDublin was inaugurated in the Bolton Street Technical School duringsession 1934-35. This Course, which has the approval of both employersand trade unions, requires the attendance of the apprentices for aperiod of 22t hours' instruction per week, half of which is devoted tospecialised trade instruction and the remainder to instruction intheoretical and cultural subjects. The apprentices attend the schoolfrom 8.30 a.m. to 1 p.m. each day except Saturday and return for theafternoon to their employers. During the session under review, thecourse was followed by 36 apprentices, representing all the first andsecond year apprentices engaged in the trade in Dublin. They weredivided into two main groups, 20 on Compositors' Work and 16 onLetterpress Machine Work. In the Compositors' section 11 were firstyear apprentices and 9 were second year apprentices. In the otherdivision there were 7 first year and 9 second year. .The attendance at the Course was very regular. Instruction wasdistinctly efficient in all sections and the students displayed a keeninterest in their work. This was reflected in an admirable pamphletwhich they produced, and which from the point of view of lay-outand general printing technique disclosed a high degree of proficiency.It is understood that the number of apprentices for the course in1935-36 will be fifty-four.Boot M anufacture.- There has been an extension of the centres inwhich instruction in connection with the bootmaking industry hasbeen afforded through the co-operation of Vocational EducationCommittees. The classes established in Drogheda, Dundalk, Kilkennyand Limerick, to which attention was directed in the previous AnnualReport, have been continued during the Session under review. InDrogheda, preference was given to students of the Technical Schoolwhen new workers were being employed in the factory. In Kilkenny87 o.peratives and 48 boys in attendance at the day Technical Schoolreceived training during the session 1934-35, and 23 of the lattergroup secured employment in the factory before the close of the session.A further development is expected in 1935-36.D2

68In Clonmel shortly after the new factory had opened, arrangementswere made to provide suitable training for those seeking employmentas well as for those already working in the factory. For the formergroup whole-time day courses were organised in the Technical School,the boys following a junior technical course, and the girls a juniordomestic economy course. Both boys and girls attended also specialclasses in Art Craft. For factory employees there were evening classesin Art Craft, Needlework and Dressmaking (for girls) and ManualInstruction in wood and in metal (for boys). All groups receivedspecial instruction in the technical aspects of boot-making throughthe medium of evening classes conducted in the factory.Steps are also being taken by the County Kerry Vocational EducationCommittee to provide training for operatives in the KillarneyBoot Factory.Manufactureof Aluminium Ware.-As the result of a conferencebetween the Manager of the Aluminium Factory at Nenagh and theChief Executive Officer of the Vocational Education Committee, aspecial day course was formed in the Technical School to train boysfor employment in the factory. It was considered advisable that theboys should not be taken into the factory until they had spent twoyears in the school. From June, 1936, the factory will begin to absorbthe boys trained in this manner. In view of the growing importanceof the industry the Vocational Education Committee is now consideringproposals to secure a plating-set, a welding-set, a head for spinningand a small furnace to be able to give a more specialised training topotential and actual operatives.Tanning Industry.-As soon as the proposal to start a tanningindustry at Carrick-on-Suir had become definite, the Chief ExecutiveOfficer of the Vocational Education Committee arranged a conferenceWith the respresentatives of the tannery. At this conference it wasagreed that the selection of boys and girls for employment should beplaced in the hands of the Committee and of the manager of the tannery.It was decided to submit all applicants for employment to a writtenexamination and an interview. The subjects of examination wereIrish, English, Drawing, Manual Instruction (Boys) and eedlework(Girls). Over 130 candidates were examined, and as a result of theexamination and interview, 10 boys and 5 girls were selected foremployment at the outset. The tannery began operations in November,1935, but will not be in full operation until ovember, 1936, when itis expected to find work for 100 boys and 25 girls. As other workersare required, they will be drawn from the list of candidates in orderof merit.All employees are required to attend evening classes in the technical3chool.Forthi " . .IS purpose provisron IS made for classes in Engineeringand Metalwork, Woodwork and Plane and Solid Geometry for boys69and in Domestic Economy and Commerce for girls. In addition thereis a special class in Tannery Technology attended by 16 employees.This class, which is conducted by the Manager, comprises lecturesand demonstrations on the various machines and on the chemicalprocesses involved in the different stages of tanning. At a later stagethis class will be held in the tannery.Pottery.-On the establishment of the Pottery Works at Arklow,steps were taken to form classes at the Technical School with a viewnot merely to train students for entry into employment in the technicaldepartments of the industry, but also to improve the skill of thosealready employed. During two evenings per week a factory expertwas engaged to teach classes in Pottery Decoration. After preliminaryinstruction in the drawing of simple outlines by pencil and by pen,the students were instructed in brush work with water colours, andsubsequently in painting on pottery. At this stage the technicalprocesses of lithography, gilding, banding and gold stamping weretaught.During the session under review 48 students were enrolled in theseclasses, of whom 40 were taken into employment in the industry.As students became expert they were drafted into the factory butcontinued, as a rule, their attendance at the classes.Arrangements are to be made for instruction in Clay Modelling,suitable for boys employed or seeking employment in the mouldingdepartment of the factory.Toy Making.-During the Session under review an expert wasemployed by the Tralee Vocational Education Committee to train20 boys and 20 girls in the processes of toy-making. This expertwas subsequently employed as the manager of the Irish Toys andUtilities Company, Ltd., Tralee, and 28 of the trained students weretaken on as toymakers at the factory. At the statutory meeting ofthe Company the Chairman thanked the Tralee Committee and itsChief Executive Officer for the valuable work they had done in connectionwith the formation of the Company. Another applicationhas been received from the factory requesting the Committee to traina further group of students for employment, and steps are beingtaken to make the necessary provision.Gas Engineering.-By co-operation between the City Manager andthe City of Limerick Vocational Education Committee, a scheme hasbeen drawn up for the training of Gas Engineers. The purpose ofthe scheme is to provide such training as will enable the traineeseventually to gain admission to the Institution 'of Gas Engineers,first as students and then as Associate Members. The Course ofStudy to be followed is that prescribed by the Institution of GasEngineers in connection with the examinations for its ordinary and

70hig . her gra des . The training will . extend over a period . . of 6 years. .The theoretical training will be gIven at the local ~u~IcIpal TechnicalInstitute and the practical training at the Municipal Gas Works.The first nine months are to be spent in whole-time attendance at theDay Engineering Course at the Technical .Institu:e. and the remain.derof the time is to be divided between theoretical training at the TechnicalInstitute and practical training at the Gas Works. Not more thantwo trainees can be accepted in anyone year. It is understood thatthe City Manager may, from time to time, make payments by way ofscholarships or otherwise to trainees in respect of the time spent atthe Gas Works.The scheme came into operation for the first time during the currentsession. The two successful candidates were selected by interview fromapplicants from the local Secondary and Technical Schools. One candidatehad secured, with honours, the Leaving Certificate of the SecondarySchool Programme, and is at present a student in the DayEngineering Course as required. The other candidate had alreadycompleted a two years' course in the Day Engineering department.He attends the Day Engineering course for one day per week andevening classes in Chemistry for three nights per week. The remainderof the time he is engaged in receiving practical training at the GasWorks.Gas Fitting.-Classes were held in this subject in the TechnicalSchool, Bolton Street, Dublin, at the request of the Dublin GasCompany. Instruction includes both practical and theoretical workand students are prepared for the various grades of the Examinationsin this Course prescribed by the City and Guilds of the LondonInstitute. There were 115 students enrolled during the session, ofwhom 70 are in the First Year classes, 19 in the Second Year classes,and 26 in the Third Year classes.Flour Milling.-Enniscorthy is an important centre of the FlourMilling industry, the local mills employing some 70 people. With theextension of the cultivation of wheat, it is probable that there willbe an increasing demand for labour in this industry in the near future.To provide the requisite technical training, the County Wexfordf ,Vocational Education Committee have appointed a lecturer in FlourMilling Technology for the coming session. The class will be held inthe laboratory attached to the mills in Enniscorthy and will be underthe charge of the fully qualified chemist employed in the industry.Eleven students have enrolled, all of whom are employed in the mills.The class will follow the syllabus laid down by the City and Guilds ofLondon Institute for its intermediate and final Certificates in Flour:\lilling Technology.71Trawl Fishing.-An application was received from the fishermenof Achill by the County Mayo Vocational Education Committee forinstruction in the making, mending and use of trawl nets. The Committeewere able to secure the services of an expert in this work.His classes in Achill dealing with the making and repairing of the netswere well attended by the local fishermen, who proved apt pupils.When the men had completed their nets the instructor who has goodknowledge of the trawl fishing grounds in Clew Bay, divided his classinto crews and brought them over the best grounds in the bay. Heshowed them how to cast, arrange and haul the nets, and pointed outthe good and the foul grounds. Despite unfavourable weather, therewas a reasonable attendance at these fishing operations and goodresults were secured.Hotel Cooking.-The training course begun in 1933 was completedduring the session under review. Of the nine students originallyselected, one resigned. The remaining eight have all secured employmentin first class hotels. Scholarships for the new course wereadvertised and 47 applications were received. As a result of the writtenexamination and interview ten candidates were selected and haveentered on their two year's training in the Technical School, ParnellSquare, Dublin.Building Science.-A special advance Day Course in BuildingScience was formed in the Technical School, Bolton Street, Dublin,during the session under review. The course was of a definite technolozicalcharacter and included instruction in Building Constructionand Quantities, Mechanics, Mathematics, Practical Geometry, Scienceand Book-keeping and Business Methods. It attracted students of avery good type who were seeking executive positions in architects'offices and with large building firms. Of the nineteen enrolled, two hadsecured employment under the Dublin Corporation and six others inarchitects' or builders' offices before the close of the session.Building Trades.-The City of Cork Vocational Education Committeeinaugurated during the session special evening classes in Brickwork,Masonry and Handrailing. These classes were established atthe request of the trades concerned, and were well attended through-Qut the session by the local tradesmen.Advertising.-A small but highly technical class in Advertising washeld in Rathmines Technical Institute, Dublin, during the session.It was attended by six students, all of whom were engaged in theoffices of the leading advertising agents in the city. The curriculum,included Advertising Administration, Marketing, Psychology, MediaLayout and Commercial Art.Clothing Trade.-Provision continues to be made in the TechnicalSchool, Parnell Square, Dublin, for instruction in the use of power

72machines, as applied to Shirtmaking and the Readymade Clothingindustry. It is understood that there is always a long waiting list foradmission to these classes. Representatives of the workshops aretaken into conference when a selection is being made from the applicants.During 1934-35, there were 86 girls enrolled for Shirtmaking.Of these, six left for other occupations and the remainder wereabsorbed into the trade. For Readymade Clothing, 90 were enrolled,but 15 girls proved unsuitable. The remaining 75 have found employmentin the principal factories.TradeDressmaking.-As pointed out in the previous Annual Report,this is a free Course of training for one year provided by the City ofDublin Committee. Girls are admitted through competitive examinationand interview. During the session 1934-35, 40 girls were admitted,two left for other occupations and 38 were placed in the variousdressmaking warerooms in the city.Tailors' Cutting.-Through the initiative of the Vocational EducationCommittee of the South Riding of Tipperary, a class in Tailors'Cutting was formed in Clonmel on Saturdays. A special expert wasbrought down from Dublin for this purpose. The class was attendedby 34 tailors from the locality and is being continued during thecurrent session. The class has been so successful that it is now proposedto organise a similar class in Tipperary.Metal Plate Work.-Instruction in Metal Plate Work is given inevening classes in the Technical School, Bolton Street, Dublin. Itcan be claimed that all those now employed at the various branchesof the trade in the city area have passed through these classes. Thusthe instruction provided in this subject in the City of Dublin TechnicalSchools is mainly responsible for the fact that so many competenttradesmen are now available for the operations involved in the preparationof motor car and omnibus panels and other sheet metalfittings. With the growth in industrial activity, the demand forinstruction in Metal Plate Work has been very great and has taxedthe accommodation and equipment of the school to the very limit.IV.-EXAMINATIONS.The following table shows the number of exercises worked at theTechnical School Examinations of the Department for the last threeyears :-First Second Third FourthYear Year Year Year Year Honours TotalGroup--Group Group Group1933 4,941 1,630 456 197 19 7,2431934 4,914 1,660 492 260 14 7,340- 1935 4,948 1,496 482 272 16 7,21473A competition for the award of medals for excellence in craftsmanshipon lines similar to that held in 1934 attracted an entry of98. The crafts in which competitions were held and the numberof competitors in each were as follows:Carpentry and .Joinery 29Painting and Decorating .. 7Electrical Installation Work 18Cabinetmaking 11Leatherwork 8Farriery 25The standard reached by the competitors was on the whole satisfactory.Four silver and six bronze medals were awarded in additionto forty-four certificates of proficiency.Special examinations in Magnetism and Electricity, Telegraphyand Telephony, for the employees of the Department of Posts andTelegraphs were held as usual. There were 21 candidates.The examinations in Geometrical Drawing, Perspective and Methodsof Teaching Drawing for students who are working for one of theDepartment's teaching certificates in Art were attended by 183candidates.The new system of Technical School Examinations to which referencewas made in the last Annual Report comes into operationduring Sessions 1935-36. The programmes of these examinationswere placed before the Technical Education Congress at Wexfordin June, 1935, and received the unanimous support of the delegates.Subsequently the following Memoranda were issued by the Departmentgiving detailed information with regard to the regulations andsyllabuses :--.Memo. V. l6.-General Regulations for Examinations in Technicaland Commercial Subjects, Domestic Economy and Art.Memo. V. l7.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Building.Memo. V. 18.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Electrical Engineering.Memo. V. 19.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Mechanical Engineering.Memo. V. 20.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Motor CarE11gineering.Memo. V. 2l.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Applied Chemistry.Memo V. 22.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Magnetism andElectricity, Telegraphy and Telephony (for Post Office Employees).Memo. V. 23.- S yllabuses of ExamIllatlOns . . . F .III arriery.::Vlemoy . . 2' ..•.- S yllabuses oJ. Exarmnatlons . . . C merceIII om .Memo. V. 25.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Domestic Economy.~~m~ V. 26.-Syllabuses of Examinations in Art.-"1 e rst examinations under the new system will take place in1. ay, 1936.

V.-EFFICIENCY74OF INSTRUCTION.Inspectors' reports are agreed that there has been a raising of thestandard of the instruction during the Session 1934-35, particularlyin the day continuation classes. This is variously attributed to theappointment of better qualified and better trained teachers, to theimprovement in school accommodation and school facilities generally,to the more careful preparation of work by the teachers and to moreregular attendance on the part of the students. This last factor iscommented on by all of the inspectors. Not only in the large urbancentres but in the smaller centres, such as are to be found in thecounties of Cork, Mayo and Sligo, a full attendance of students wasnot unusual on the occasion of the visit of the inspector, and in manycases an average attendance of 90 per cent. and over has been attainedthroughout the Session. Regular attendance spurs even the averageteacher to greater efforts.Local sessional examinations, which have been advocated recentlyas a test of the value of the work done in the various day coursesthroughout the Session, have also had a valuable effect on the instruction.These examinations help to establish sound standardsand act as a useful check on what is done. They tend to encouragegeneral class teaching and teachers who tended towards coaching afew good students for public examinations are realising that thelocal examinations are a better test of the efficiency of the instructionas a whole. The effect of the examination on the students themselvesis also valuable. At first students were inclined to ignore the schoolexaminations, but now that they know that promotion to a higherclass or perhaps a recommendation for an appointment depends onthe result, they accept the sessional examinations as part of theordinary school procedure.In handicraft subjects there is a general report of good and efficientteaching both in day and evening classes. Better results couldfrequently be obtained if teachers provided for the illustration ofthese lessons with suitable models. There is still too great a tendencyto neglect instruction in drawing in evening Woodwork lessons, withthe result, that students embark on the construction of articles withoutunderstanding clearly what they have to do. Undoubtedly it is notan easy matter to get adult students, who are ignorant of the use ofdrawing instruments, to take an interest in drawing, but some teachershave faced the difficulty and secured excellent results. The arrangementand lay-out of the school workshops is said to be satisfactoryin the majority of centres, but cases have been observed where teachers,Whose work from the very nature of it ts concerned with system andneatness, allow their workshops to drift into the most unsystematicand untidy condition.Engineering teachers have made the mistake in some cases ofallowing amateurs and those connected with the trade to attend the75same class. In motor car engineering classes this is particularlyharmful, as the tradesman fears to be regarded as backward before apotential customer and the conditions under which the instruction isgiyen become difficult and artificial. Where separate classes have beenheld the attendance and progress have been most encouraging.The efficiency of the instruction in Domestic Economy was again.distinctly good. It is pointed out, however, that in most of the schools,as at present constituted, there is no provision for instruction andpractice in the ordinary daily routine work of a house. This is a difficultproblem and one that would involve much expenditure to solve.In some of the new schools, c.g., at Dun Laoghaire and Galway, aflat is being incorporated with the domestic economy section. Theflat will include a sitting-room, one or two bedrooms, kitchenette,bathroom, hall, etc., and will be used for the instruction of the studentsin the general art of housekeeping. There is, of course, no bettersolution of this problem than attendance at residential schools, butthis is feasible for only a very restricted number.With regard to evening classes in Domestic Economy, which continueto command as much support as ever, there appears to be oneoutstanding complaint. It is that the work is more recreational thaneducational in many cases and that it would seem to be useless to tryto impose a set series of progressive exercises on an assorted group ofadults of varying ability. The situation, while difficult, should not,however, be devoid of solution. Where the teacher has a strongpersonality, she is able to carry her class with her and to make themrealise that the method in which she proposes to treat the subjectwill meet all they require and in a more satisfactory manner.In schools in rural areas, adequate attention is not being paid tocooking on turf fires. Every effort should be made to encourage theuse of turf as a fuel for cooking purposes, more particularly in thosedistricts in which the home cooking is done for the most part onturf fires.In the limited number of schools where qualified rural science teachersare available, the teaching of this subject maintained a high standard.The necessity for an adequate area of ground to be used for cultivationpurposes is clearly seen in the contrast between the workthat is done in the different centres. Elsewhere in this report, thevaiue of such plots as are attached to the Ardee and DunshaughlinSchools has been stressed. On the other hand in the rural coursesat Hacketstown and Glynn in County Carlow whilst the initiative andenergy of th t h 'e eac er are to be praised, the most valuable part of theirworkhas to re .Th t . main undone owing to the absence of a school garden.e eachmg of A t d .Limerick d HT r an Art Crafts in the Art Schools of Cork,an vv aterfordlast centre owi t Was on sound progressive lines, but in the, mg 0 the r econstruction of the school, work did not

76begin until late in the Session. An outstanding feature of the instructionin Cork, was the production of some beautiful and welldesignedworks in Lace, Crochet and Embroidery for ecclesiasticalpurposes. The silver medal offered in the Department's CraftsmanshipCompetition for Art Leatherwork was won by a student of this School.Instruction in the various Commercial subjects was generallyefficient and especially ~oin the larger urban centres, where the eveningclasses now attract a large number of business students and retainthem in attendance until the close of the session.As a result of the Summer Courses conducted by the Department,Physical Training is now included in the curriculum of the majorityof day continuation schools, and in some of the larger urban centres,adult evening classes in this subject have been formed. The reportsof the Inspectors indicate that the subject is being fairly efficientlytaught. Public displays of Physical training constitute a regularpart of the programme of the schools under the control of the Cityof Dublin Vocational Education Committee. The Physical TrainingTeam of the Bolton Street School won the competition at the FatherMathew Feis for 1935, for the third year in succession, the cup thusbecoming the property of the School.VI.-THEPOSITION OF IRISH IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.The position of Irish in schemes of Vocational Education is slowlybut definitely improving. Many signs of healthy progress were inevidence during the session 1934-35.The difficulty of securing teachers with adequate qualificationsfor the teaching of Irish is becoming less acute. This can be seen fromthe results of the examination for the Teastas Muinteora Gaedhilgeas under:-Year1932193319341935No.of'Candidates.76825796No. of successes41261746The regulation in force requiring teachers of Commerce, Science,Domestic Economy and Art to have a competent knowledge of oralIrish before they can be appointed in a permanent capacity is producingvery definite results. The following table shows the marked~ncrease in the number of applicants for the Ceard Teastas GaedhilgeIII 1935:-Year1932193319341935No. of Candidates1650105271No. of successes71452.120,77In continuance of the policy of facilitating those desirous of securingqualifications in Irish, the Department has agreed to make thefollowing concessions to University Graduates taking their degreesin 1935 and thereafter :-(1) that possession of an honours degree in Modern Irish or CelticStudies shall exempt graduates from taking the written portionof the Teastas Muinteora Gaedhilge or of the Ceard TeastasGaedhilge;(2) that possession of a pass degree in Arts or Commerce, in whichIrish has formed either a major or subsidiary subject, shallexempt graduates from taking the written portion of the CeardTeastas Gaedhilge.During 1935, six University graduates availed themselves of theseconcessions and secured the Ceard Teastas Gaedhilge on submittingthemselves to the oral test only. There was also a further concessionallowing undergraduates to sit for the complete examination foreither certificate, which helps to explain the very large number ofentries for the Ceard Teastas during 1935. University graduateswho intend to start teaching in the autumn of any year can under thenew arrangements sit for the Ceard Teastas in the last term of theirUniversity course and thereby obtain the full qualifications requiredby the Department before they are employed as teachers.According to the reports of the Department's Inspectors the teachingof Irish in the majority of the day continuation schools was efficient.Where the teacher has himself a good knowledge of Irish-and thisis now usually so-the opportunity is provided for children who havelearnt a fair amount of Irish in the primary schools to continue theirstudies and acquire oral fluency in the language. In many centresthe second year students had acquired a solid foundation: theycould read and write Irish with reasonable accuracy and could speakit with commendable fluency.The Inspectors also report that there is a definite tendency to useIrish more generally in the day schools outside of formal teaching.In some schools in non-Gaedhealtacht areas the students speak nothingbut Irish when playing during the mid-day interval. The generaluse of' Irish in games and social events is a notable feature of theschemes in operation in the counties of Cork, Leitrim, Longford,Meath and Mayo. This valuable work has been rendered possible bythe initiative and enthusiasm of the teachers. There are many otherteachers whose knowledge of Irish would enable them to participatein this movement, but who have failed to realise the rapid progressthat can be achieved by this valuable and incidental method of teachinga language.There appears to have been a satisfactory improvement in theenrolment in evening Irish classes as well as an improvement in the

78efficiency of the teaching. This is attributed in the main to moresystematic methods of class control. Discussion on "live topics" andthe memorising of plays are now well established features of theschemes of work for evening classes and serve a useful purpose. Manyteachers, however, are still inclined to rely too much on pedagogyand to talk too much themselves.There are now few Vocational Education Schemes in which Irishdoes not play a part as far as their social activities are concerned.The production of Irish plays is very general and schools compete indramatic competitions. In a number of centres, students were preparedfor Feis competitions with a view to improving their oral proficiency.At the Dublin Feis there were numerous entries from the dayvocational schools and the standard of the entrants was high in mostcases. In Roscommon the medal for the best individual performance inthe Gaelic League Branch Cup for Irish Drama Was secured by astudent of the Rural Vocational School at Farragher. In CountyGalway, a special Aeridheacht was held by the students of the MountbellewSchool. An Irish debating society was formed in the CorkBorough Schools and a school Feis was held towards the close of thesession. The Cumann Liteardha in Limerick, which was commentedon in the last Annual Report, Was continued with marked success.The Comhar Dramuiochta, which was formed publicly this session, isclo ely linked up with the school Cumann.Gaedhealtacht scholarships are given to a generous extent by themajority of Vocational Education Committees. Over 450 studentsWere able to spend a valuable month in the Gaedhealtacht during thesummer of 1935 as a result of these scholarships. The GaedhealtachtScholarships are a satisfactory feature of the Scheme , as they supplythe rising generation with a considerable proportion of Irish speakers,who have a marked influence in their respective neigh bouriioodsregarding the use of Irish in everyday life.VII.-BCHOOLBUILDINGS.Further progress has been made in the provision of improved schoolaccommodation, as indicated by the following notes dealing with theposition under the different Schemes:-Dublin City.-The school at Marino is nearing completion and willbe ready for occupation in September, 1936. The plans of the newCentral Institute for Domestic Economy have been approved by theDepartment.Cork CitY.-The foundation stone of the new School of Commercean~ Domestic Science was laid by the Minister in June, 1935, andbUIlding operations have been going on steadily. An architect hasbeen appointed by the Committee to plan an extension to the CrawfordMunicipal Technical Institute.79Limerick City.-A suitable site is being purchased for the proposedauxiliary School of Domestic Economy and sketch plans are beingprepared. A gymnasium has been fitted up and a dressing room builtin the existing Technical Institute.Drogheda.-The new school is nearing completion and will be readyfor occupation early in 1936.Dun Laoghaire.- The extension of the existing school is in progressand will be available for use in the Session 1936-37.Galway City.-The necessary financial provision for the erection ofthe new school has been made. A tender has been accepted andbuilding operations have begun. It is unlikely that the new schoolwill be ready for occupation before the Session 1938-39.Tralee=sX physical drill and recreation hall, a garage, a cycle shedand stores have been erected.Wexford.- The extension was completed and was opened by theMinister at the Technical Instruction Congress in June, 1935.Carlow.-The extension of the Carlow school has been finished andthe remodelled school was opened officially by the Minister in January,1936. The County Council has given a grant of £2,000 under Section51 of the Vocational Education Act for the erection of a Rural Schoolat Hacketstown and has under consideration a proposal for a similargrant for a school at Borris. A site has been secured for the RuralSchool at Hacketstown and plans are being prepared.Cavan.-The new school at Cavan was opened during the session.Tenders have been accepted for the new schools at Belturbet, Cootehill,Kilnaleck and Glangevlin, and building is about to commence.Clare.-The foundation stone of the Technical School at Kilrushhas been laid and the building will be ready for occupation in September,1936. A tender has been accepted for the new school at Ennis.The Committee are now considering a proposal to erect two ruralschools-one in East Clare and the other in North Clare.Cork.-The school at Castletownbere has been completed. Thenew school at Cobh is nearing completion and will be ready for occupationin September, 1936. Plans are being ~ade for schools in B~ntryand Kanturk. The County Council has gIven a grant to acquire asite for a school in Kinsale.Donegal.-The County Council has given a g~ant of £6,500 underSection 51 of the Act for the erection of schools III the Stranorlar andAnnagry districts. Sites are being acquired.Galway.-The Technical School at Mountbellew has been extended.

8QThe County Council has given a grant of £15,000 for the erection ofschools at Ballinasloe, Portumna, Gort and Tuam. Sites have beenacquired and plans are being prepared.Kerry.-The school at Castleisland has been completed and is nowin occupation. A tender for Killorglin school has been accepted andthe transfer of the site is being completed. The County Council hasgiven a grant for the schools at Murreigh and Waterville, and plansare being prepared. Sites for schools have been acquired at Murreigh,Waterville and Dingle.Kildare.-The new school at Naas is now in occupation. A tenderhas been accepted for the school at Castledermot and work is in progress.Revised plans are being prepared for the school at Newbridge.Full working drawings and specifications are being prepared for theschool at Athy.Kilkenny.-The school at Listerlin was opened during the session1934-35. The school at Mooncoin has been completed and has beenoccupied. Tenders have been invited for the new school at Coan.Working drawings and plans for the school at Kilkenny are underconsidera ti on.Leitrim.-The schools at Manorhamilton, Keshcarrigan and Drumkeeringwere completed and were occupied at the beginning of thecurrent session. The County Council has given an extra grant of£1,000 for the extension of the school at Carrick-on-Shannon and theschool is nearing completion.Leix.-The extension to Portlaoighise Technical School has beencompleted. Tenders are being invited for new schools at Arless andClonaslee. A site has been secured for a school at Rathdowney andplans are being prepared.Limerick.-Tenders have been accepted for the erection of schoolsat Croom and Kilfinane. A revised plan has been submitted for aschool at Cappamore. Sites are being acquired for schools at Abbeyfealeand Drumcollogher.Longford.-The new engineering workshop has been completed.Louth.-Plans for the extension of Dundalk Technical School havebeen approved and tenders have been invited. The plans for theschool at Bush have been approved. Plans for the extension of ArdeeTechnical School are being considered.M ayo.- The schools at Belmullet and Cashel (Achill) are beingerected. Sites are being acquired for schools at Ballycastle andLouisburgh.Meath.-Proposals are being considered to adapt Athboy House asa rural continuation school, to extend KeUs Technical School, and toerect a new school at Nobber.Offaly.-A tender has been accepted for the school at Birr andwork is in progress. Working plans and specifications are beingprepared for schools at Ferbane and Shinrone and plans for TullamoreTechnical School are under consideration. There is now a proposalbefore the Committee to erect a school at Banagher.Roscommon.-Tenders have been accepted for schools at Castlereaand Roscommon and work is in progress. The final plans have beenapproved for the school in Boyle for which the County Council gave.a grant of £4,500.Sligo.-Sites·curry.are being acquired for schools at Easkey and Tubber-Tipperary (North Riding).-The extensions to Thurles and RoscreaTechnical Schools have been completed.Tipperary (South Riding).-The new school at Tipperary has been·officially opened. The school at Killenaule is nearing completion.Working plans and specifications are being prepared for schools at·Clogheen and Newcastle. Arrangements are being made for the pur-.chase of the existing school at Cappawhite.Waterford.-BuildingSchool at Dungarvan.Westmeath.-Plans81M onaghan.- The Rural School at Rockcorry was opened by theMinister during the Session. A site has been acquired for the newschool at Castleblayney. Extensions to the schools at Carrickmacross.and Clones are under consideration.operations are in progress on the new Technicalare being prepared for a school at Castlepollard.Wexjord.-Tenders for schools at Adamstown and Kilmuckridgehave been accepted and work is in progress. The County Council.has given a grant of £7,000 for the erection of a new school at Enniscorthy.A suitable site has been purchased and plans are beingprepared. A site is being secured for a school at Sheilbaggin.Wicklow.-The extension to Arklow Technical School has beencompleted. The new school at Baltinglass has been opened. Theschool at Carnew is nearing completion.vm.-SPECIAL COURSES FOR THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS.For the last two years the attention of the Department has been.directed to the difficulty experienced by Vocational Education Committeesin securing qualified teachers of Rural Science, Manual Instructionand Metalwork and Motor Car Engineering. The developmentof rural schools has been held up in many Schemes owing to the lackof such practical teachers, particularly teachers of Rural Science.With a view to iD.creasing the available supply of such teachers, theDepartment decided to conduct three special courses. Advertisements

88were inserted in the daily press inviting applications for training andgiving particulars of the examinations-practical as well as written-which applicants would be required to take. So many applicationswere received that it was necessary to hold the proposed examinationsin seven different centres-Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford,Dundalk, Athlone and Tralee. The candidates, highest in order ofmerit as a result of this examination, were subsequently summonedto Dublin, where they were submitted to oral tests, and those whosemarks at the oral tests, in addition to those already secured at thepreliminary examination, qualified them for the award of a Scholarshipwere duly called to training.Rural Science Scholarships.The Course for the training of teachers of Rural Science is to extendover two years. The first part of the course is being held at theCrawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork, commencing in Octoberand terminating in July, 1936. The second part will be held at theAgricultural College, Glasnevin, from October, 1936, to July, 1937.The scholarships entitle the holders to free instruction during thecourse, to a maintenance allowance of £1 15s. Od. per week whileunder instruction, and to third class railway fare for one journeyto and from the centre of instruction. They were open to competitionamong candidates of good general education between the ages of18 and 25 years. The subjects of the examination Were based uponthe standard of the Leaving Certificate of the Secondary EducationBranch of the Department, except in Science, which was based uponthe Intermediate Certificate, Full Course, Syllabus B. In the finalselection of the candidates, preference was given to those with themost intimate experience of the conditions of rural life.For this course there were 110 applicantsof whom 33 were interviewed,and 16'were called to training.Manual InstructionScholarships.The Course for the training of teachers of Woodwork began inOctober in the Metropolitan School of Art, Kildare Street, Dublin,and will continue until July, 1936.The Scholarships entitled. the holders to free instruction duringthe Course, to a maintenance allowance of £2 lOs. Od. per week whileunder instruction, and to third class railway fare for one journeyto and from Dublin. The Scholarships were offered for competitionamong joiners, carpenters, patternmakers, cabinet-makers and others,such as architects' and surveyors' assistants.For this Course 146 candidates sat for examination 42 were interviewedand 19 were called to training.'Metalwork .scholarships.The Course for the training of teachers of Metalwork and MotorCar ~ngineerin? began. in October in the Technical School, Ringsend,Dublin, and WIll continue until July, 1936.The Scholarships entitled the holders to free instruction during theCourse, to a maintenance allowance of £2 lOs. Od. per week while underinstr~ction and to third class railway fare for one journey to and from?ubhn. They wen~ offe~ed for competition among mechanics engaged111 Motor Car Engmeenng or in other branches of Engineering andother suitable persons.The number of candidates examined was 91, of whom 30 wereinterviewed and 17 called to training.IX.-SUMMERCOURSES FOR TEACHERS.Five Courses were conducted by the Department in the summerof 1935.. These were ~ttended ~y upwards of 250 teachers employedby Vocational Education Committees and achieved very good results.The Department has discontinued the practice of paying travelling-expenses and maintenance allowances to the teachers selected toattend these Courses, but practically all of the teachers who attendedhad their expenses and allowances paid by their Committees.Course in Furniture Making, Drawing and Design.~hile it was the original intention to hold only one course in thissubject, the number of applicants was so large that it was decidedto form them into two groups and conduct two separate courses forthem.. One course was held in the Metropolitan School of Art under thednect. control of the Headmaster. It was attended by 28 of the moreexpenenced teachers .. Tl:c primary aim of the course was to imparta kn~wledge of the principles and characteristics of modern design inFurni ture, as well as to provide practice in actual design and in methodsof representation in drawing. This was attained through the displayof a large collection of illustrations of selected examples of modernwork and of older preceding styles, by general lectures and by instructionin connection with a series of individual exercises in design.Useful lectures were also given on draughtsmanship, perspective,colouring and lettering, which taught the teachers the most suitabletypes of drawings to make for special subjects and also how to useand manipulate water colour. The subjects studied covered a widerange and included cupboards, shelving, stools, beds, wardrobes,ki tchen dressers, bookcases and lounge seats.The other course was held at Bolton Street Technical School underthe charge of an expert cra~tsman. It was ~ttended by 16 recentlytrained teachers and dealt WIth the more practical aspects of Furnituremaking and design. After a sound course of exercises illustrative of the

'84 85various difficulties in furniture construction, the teachers' were set toworkon selected articles, such as cabinets, and tables, involvingpractice in veneering and inlaying. The course was instrumental insecuring for the teachers greatly improved technique.Domestic Electrical Science.Through the enterprise and active co-operation of the ElectricitySupply Board, the Department was able to offer a valuable coursein this subject to the teachers of Domestic Economy employed byVocational Education Committees. The purpose of the course, whichwas held at the Technical Institute, Rathmines, was to familiarise theteachers with the various forms of modern domestic electrical appliancesand to explain the scientific principles underlying their constructionand use. That the time was opportune for such a course was·evident from the fact that it was attended by no fewer than 50 teachersfrom all parts of the country.Technical experts and lecturers specially qualified in the applications.of electricity to domestic service were provided by the ElectricitySupply Board. The instruction was for the most part by means oflecture and demonstration, but arrangements were made for individualpractical work as far as possible. Visits were paid to hospitals andother institutions in which electrical appliances were widely used.Towards the end of the course, time was provided for general discussions.and for dealing with particular questions raised by the teachers. This.proved a valuable adjunct to the course and was instrumental inremoving many of the doubts and difficulties in the minds of theteachers.The inaugural lecture of the course was delivered by Dr. T.MacLoughlin, who dealt with the general service of electricity and the'part played by the Shannon Scheme in the economic welfare of thecountry. The other lectures of the course were concerned with the'following main topics :-General Electrical Principles and Units-sources of electric supply--controlling electric current-Effects produced by electric current-electrical resistance and pressure-voltage rating of electricalappliances-rate of supply of electrical energy.House wiring, conductors, insulation, mechancial protection, distributionwires, fuses, outlets, earthing, meter and distribution board,current limi ters, tracing faults.Light and Illumination--measurement of light, control of light,.adequacy and uniformity of lighting, absence of glare, direct and.indirect lighting, maintenance of a lighting installation.Electrical appliances-vacuum cleaners, floor polishers, fans;sewing machines, immersion heaters, hot plates, waffle irons, clocks,.connecting of electrical appliances.Principles of applying electrical energy to the cooking of foods,heat transfer, temperature of heat source, temperature control,efficiency, cooking times, ovens, hot plates, cooking utensils.Construction of cooking appliances-boiling plates, kettles, ovens,position of elements, oven heat insulation, thermostatic and othercontrols, switches, fuses, safety devices, faults.Domestic Hot Water-requirements of a hot water system, flow andreturn system, storage system, electrical heaters, sizes of storageheaters, cost.. Electric washing machines-construction and capacity, wringers,irons, the care of laundry appliances, labour saving aspects.Domestic refrigeration-food storage and deterioration, refrigerationtemperatures, types of refrigerating machinery, maintenance andrunning costs.The methods of charging for electricity-the economies of electriccooking, cost of running electric appliances and heaters.After the course had terminated, notes on the various lectures wereprinted in attractive pamphlet form and issued by the ElectricitySupply Board to the teachers who had attended.Retail Practice. Teaching Methods and Class Organisation.This course was organised in consequence of the report of theDepartmental Committee on Technical School Examinations, whichadvocated the adoption of examinations based on the more importantretail trades. The course was given at the Technical Institute, Rathmines,and comprised three principal sections :_(1) Lectures on the chief grocery commodities, their sources oforigin, preparation and methods of marketing and storing.These were given by a lecturer with practical experience ofthe Grocery and Provision Trade. Among the subjects dealtwith were the preparation of beet sugar, the cutting and pricingof bacons and hams, the handling and storing of butter andcheese, the grading and packing of eggs and the canning andstoring of meat and fish. A special lecture was given on theValues of Staple Foods and the teachers were supplied withnotes on the chemical analysis of the main foods.(2) Lectures on the chief drapery commodities, the examinationand identification of cottons, woollens and worsteds, the processesof spinning, weaving, dyeing, bleaching and mercerising.These were given by a practical expert, who made extensiveuse of lantern slides to illustrate the various manufacturingprocesses. Visits were paid to prominent retail houses and alsoto the factory of the Greenmount Linen Company, where theprocesses of weaving and bleaching were seen in operation.(3) Lectures on retail practice, the principles underlying the

86organisation and conduct of the various retail shops from thatof the single trader to the co-operative society and the modernstore, Among the many problems treated were the new salemanship,the importance of the equipment and lay-out ofpremises, departmental display, despatch and counting houses,the values of scientific stocktaking, the keeping of sellingrecords and the analysis of expenses, The lecturer was thePrincipal of the London School of Retail Distribution, HorseferryRoad, whose valuable services were obtained by theDepartment through the courtesy of the Education Committeeof the London County Council. A visit was paid to the storesof Messrs. Clery and Co. where the teachers were in a positionto see the value of the important points emphasised by thelecturer. The firm very kindly placed two of their experts atthe disposal of the class and thus greatly enhanced the advantagesderived from the visit, At the conclusion of the coursea series of teaching notes prepared by the lecturer was givento each student.The course had to be held in the month of August, which is usuallythe holiday period for teachers, Despite this drawback, there wereno fewer than 63 senior commercial teachers in attendance, Thespirit w hich animated such a response to this course and the assiduousattention paid by the teachers to the lectures promise well for thesuccess of the classes in Retail Distribution, which it is hoped thatmany teachers will be able to start in the session 1935-36,Teaching Methods, Phonetics, Irish Poetry and Beal-Oideas.This course was held 'in the Gaedhealtacht. One of its purposes wasto increase the fluency of speech of Irish teachers who are not nativespeakers. By courtesy of the County Galway Vocational EducationCommittee the new school at Carraroe was made available for thecourse which was attended by 50 teachers from all parts of the country.The instruction in Irish Poetry, Beal-Oideas and Phonetics waswell devised. Special attention was given to the methods of teachingthe language not only in day schools but in evening classes, whichpresent a much more difficult problem to the teacher. The course wasmuch appreciated by the teachers in attendance, who appear to havederived considerable benefit from instruction that was peculiarlysuited to their needs.PhysicalTraining.The success which attended the first Summer Course in PhysicalTraining in 1934 encouraged the Department to offer similar coursesin 1935 to men and women teachers employed by Vocational EducationCommittees. The course for women was held at the Technical School,Ballsbridge, and was taken by 19 teachers, whilst that for men was87held at Bolton Street Technical School and was taken by twenty-six.Both of these courses had as their aim the provision of a restrictedcourse of training which would enable teachers in small centres togive instruction in Physical Culture in addition to their ordinaryduties, Obviously not every teacher would be suitable for such training,but if a sui table teacher is obtained and receives even a restrictedtraining, he forms a very useful addition to the staff of a small school.The programme of the Summer Course included Swedish exercisesand gymnastics, organisation of school games and athletics, swimmingand lectures on anatomy and physiology. Advice was given to thoseattending to enable them to draw up and carry out a graded series ofexercises and games suited to the needs of young students. With thatend in view also, the teachers in attendance were frequently calledupon during the course to give instruction to the class under thesupervision of the instructor-in-charge.Good progress was made in both courses. In the men's courseadvantage was taken of a display of the Sokol system of PhysicalCulture at the Curragh to enable the teachers to get an insight intoother methods, Towards the end of the course the men teachers gavea display in which very creditable work was observed.X.-TRAININGSCHOOLS FOR DOMESTIC ECONOMY TEACHERS,The Irish Training School of Domestic Economy at Kilmacud,Still organ , which is under the direct control of the Department, wasattended by 31 residential students, of Whom 15 were in their firstyear, 8 in their second year and 8 in their third year of training. Atthe final examination held in June, 1935, six students qualified forthe award of the Teacher's Diploma,The facilities for practice in teaching, which were initiated in1928, were continued, Each student in both the second and thirdyears is required to attend an evening Technical School at least oncea week, where she assists the responsible teacher in the conduct ofpractical classes and gives instruction under her guidance. Whenthe Central School of Domestic Economy, which the City of DublinVocational Education Committee propose to build in Cathal BrughaStreet, is erected, it is the intention of the Department to transferthe present Training School of Domestic Economy to this centre.Not only will much better accommodation and equipment be availablefor the purposes of instruction, but there will be closer contactwith the City Schools generally and more opportunity for effective,teaching practice,There were 231 candidates for entrance to the school in 1935. Preliminaryqualifying tests (Part I of the Examination) were held atDublin, Cork, Limerick, 'Waterford and Galway. The CompetitiveExamination (Part H, Practical and Oral) was conducted at theTechnical School, Rathrnines, Dublin, and was attended by 139

88As pointed out in previous Reports, these Residential Schools arecandidates. As a result of this examination twelve candidates werewell equipped to provide all the necessary training which an expertadmitted to the school, three securing free places under the Department'sScheme of Scholarships for students from the Fior-Ghaedheal-housewife would require. Furthermore, in many cases up-to-datedairying and poultry equipment has been acquired for instruction intacht. Of the remaining nine, two also came from the Fior-Ghaedhealtachtwhilst the seven others reached a high standard in Oral Irish.those branches of farm work which are usually under the charge ofwomen.Th~ Training School of Domestic Economy at Saint Catherine's,The erection of a new Residential School has been completed atBlackrock, which is under the control of the Dominican Order, andMoate and the equipment and accommodation are on the most modernwhich is assisted by State grants, was attended by 49 students oflines.whom 26 were in the teachers' course proper.In both Moate and Coolarne the students are taught to cook onAt both Training Schools facilities are provided for the students toturf fires. In view of the increasing tendency to use turf as a fuel,enable them, at the conclusion of their Course of training to be qualifiedas well as of its use as the only fuel in many country areas, thisto give instruction through the medium of Irish. At Kilmacud, thepractice should be followed in all Residential Schools of DomesticDepartment is gradually extending the giving of instruction th~o~ghEconomy.the medium of Irish. As a result, most of the students now receivingtheir Diplomas in these institutions are recognised to teach throughthe medium of Irish as well as of English. XII.-KILLARNEY SCHOOL OF HOUSEWIFERY.XI.-RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS OF DOMESTIC ECONOMY.The following return shows the number of students in attendanceat Residential Schools of Domestic Economy on whom grants werepaid by the Department in respect of the Session 1934-35 ;-Nameof SchoolAthenry : St. Vincent's Residential School ofDomestic Training (Coolarne)Blackrock: Residential School of HousecraftCarrick-on-Suir : St. Joseph's Residential Schoolof Domestic TrainingDundrum: St. Michael's Residential School ofDomestic TrainingDunmanway : Residential School of DomesticTrainingGoresbridge; Residential School of DomesticTrainingMillstreet; Residential School of HousecraftMoate ; Residential School of Domestic TrainingStradbally; Residential School of DomesticEconomyWaterford; St. Ursula's School of DomesticScience "Number ofStudents Paid On3873145432441151413Total 271XIV.-APPRENTICESHIPCOMMITTEES.Under the powers conferred upon him by Section 2 of the ApprenticeshipAct of 1931, special orders have been made by the Minister forIndustry and Commerce declaring the following trades, " designatedtrades" for purposes of the Act ;-Furniture Trade,Hairdressing Trade,Brush and Broom Trade,House Painting and Decorating Trade.In the case of the Furniture and Hairdressing Trades, the area ofjUrisdiction in each case is the administrative County of Dublin and89The object of this School is to provide a systematic training ill'cookery, housemaids' and parlourmaids' work, needlework and laundrywork,such as to fit the students for domestic service or the care of ahome. Certificates of a satisfactory standard of attainment areissued on the completion of the full course of training, which occupiestwelve months. In the Session 1934-35 twenty such certificates wereawarded.There is accommodation for 20 students. In the filling of vacanciesspecial preference is given to native speakers of Irish.xm.--SCIENTIFIC AND . INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH.The award of allowances to enable University Graduates to receivea year's training in Scientific Research, which was hitherto under thecontrol of the Department of Education, is now transferred to theIndustrial Research Council under the control of the Department ofIndustry and Commerce.

90the County Borough of Dublin. In the case of the Brush and Broom,and House Painting and Decorating Trades, the area of jurisdictionis the Saorstat.Apprenticeship Committees have been constituted in respect ofeach of these trades consisting of representatives of employers andemployees and of a number of appointed members nominated by theMinister for Industry and Commerce. These Committees have hadseveral meetings and the rules for the regulation of apprenticeshipare being prepared in each case. An Inspector of the Technical InstructionBranch of the Department of Education has been attached to.each Committee for the purpose of advising in connection with theeducation of apprentices. It is understood that co-operation with theCity of Dublin Vocational Education Committee will be established inrespect of any rules or orders made with regard to technical training.XV.-RAISING OF THE SCHOOL-LEAVING AGE.The Inter-Departmental Committee engaged upon the study ofthis problem presented a unanimous report to the Minister.The Committee investigated the conditions laid down in othercountries for compulsory attendance at school. After a survey of theconditions prescribed in sixteen countries including France, Germany,Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark and Switzerland, it was pointed outthat the attendance required between the ages of six and fourteen.in the Saorstat compared very favourably with that in force elsewhere,-except in the case of Sweden, where continuation education is compulsoryfor young persons from fourteen to eighteen.The effect of raising the school-leaving age on employment in agriculturewas then considered. The 1926 Census figures showed that ofa total of 672,129 persons engaged in agricultural occupations, thetotal number of juveniles was only 16,502, the big majority beingboys. Of these, farms under 30 acres employed 7,867 juveniles, whilst2,403 others were at work on farms of 30-50 acres. This labour was,in the opinion of the Committee, largely indispensable and as it wasmainly the unpaid labour of sons and daughters, the withdrawal ofthese juveniles from employment could not increase materially adultlabour on farm work. The Committee, therefore, concluded that itwas impracticable to compel. juveniles in agricultural areas to attendwhole-time schools up to the age of sixteen years and that any eompulsoryattendance required should be at part-time classes.A survey of juvenile labour in non-agricultural occupations revealeda different problem. The statistics relevant to employment in theprincipal industrial areas in the Saorstat showed that the percentageof juveniles to the total number employed was very small, averaging1.5 per cent. for boys and 2.2 per cent. for girls. Employment ofjuveniles w.as, h?wever, mainly blind-alley employment into whichboys and gIrlS alike were forced by economic necessity. The attempt91to compel such juveniles to attend whole-time schools between theagesof fourteen and sixteen would not lead to an increase in 'adultemployment; in the long run, it would only raise the age of entranceinto such blind-alley employment. Furthermore, there would arise thequestion of providing maintenance allowance to the parents of these'juveniles. Apart altogether from the prohibitive cost of such a scheme" it would," runs the Report, " be entirely wrong in principle to startyoung people in life with the conception that the State is responsiblefor their sup~o~t. . . , . If young people can obtain suitable employmenton attammg the age of fourteen, the State should not interfere;except perhaps to require them to attend part-time continuation'classes."With regard to the unemployed juveniles between the ages offourteen and sixteen of whom" according to the Census figures, therewere in the Saorstat some 44,000, the Report was very definite thatthey should be compelled to attend whole-time schools up to the age'of sixteen."A change of school environment," states the Report, "is a'necessary corollary to the raising of the school-leaving age. Thejuvenile of fifteen and sixteen has reached a stage of developmentwhich necessitates a different educational control and the services ofthe specialist post-primary rather than of the general primary teacher.'"Because of the absence of adequate facilities for post-primary educationthe Report rules out of consideration the raising of the school-leavingage to either fifteen or sixteen years for the country as a whole.The Report advocates the carrying out of carefully conducted.experiments in one or two areas in the Saorstat where the existingfacilities for post-primary education are nearly sufficient to cope withthe increased numbers that would attend. "The experiments shouldbe carried out under the provisions of Part V of the VocationalEducation Act, 1930, and the cost involved should in accordance withthe principle embodied in that Act, be shared by the local authoritiesfor the areas concerned and the State. In the selected areas all youngpersons who are' between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years andwho. are in gainful occupations should be required to attend suitablecontinuation classes for 180 hours per year and all unemployed juvenilesshould attend suitable full-time schools of post-primary type. In viewof the proposals in the Employment Bill-at present before the Dailattendancefor 180 hours or an average of four hours per week willnot make an ~ndue demand on the employed juveniles. In the conductof the expenme~ts, the closest possible link should be establishedbetween Education and Industry, and these schools, in designingtheir programmes of instruction, should have regard to occupationalrequirements."The Committee state that the centres of Cork, Limerick and Waterfordare reasonably well provided with post-primary schools and that,

92the proposed extension of the school-leaving age would not involvean excessive expenditure in these centres. "Among the s~aller urbanareas, the school-leaving age could be extended expenmentally atcomparatively little cost in such centres as. Drogheda, D?nd~lk,F Arklow or Mallow. An experiment might also be tned ill aermoy, .. . tittypical rural centre which is served by a sU.Itable post-pnx.nary ms 1 u-ti and all ]'uveniles living within a radius of three miles from theion, . d tinstitution should be required to attend." The Committee 0 nofavour the immediate adoption of the proposals in the County Boroughof Dublin. "The provision of the extensive organisation and of thesubstantial funds required would, in our opinion, be ~ltogether t~oheavy an undertaking on which to embar~ in the CIty Of.Dub~ithout the advantages which can be denved from expenence mWI . bother districts where the practical and financial difficulties to eencountered will not be so great.""Beyond experiments in two or three carefully chosen areas,"concludes the Report, " we do not recommend any immediate extensio~beyond the existing requirements in the .~atter of school attendance.The Report was submitted by the Minister to the members of theExecutive Council and has been approved of by them. The Departmentis now considering what steps are necessary to initiate theexperiments advocated in the Report.CHAPTER VI.METROPOLITAN SCHOOL OF ·ART.The Metropolitan School of Art opened on the 2nd of October,1934 for the Session 1934-35 and closed on the 26th July, 1935.The total number of students enrolled during the Session was 444,of whom 212 had not previously attended the School: 161 studentsattended the Day classes, 337 students attended the Evening classes,and 54 students attended both Day and Evening classes. The totalnumber comprised 242 ma~ students and 202 female students. Therewere 14 free students and 14 students Were admitted at reduced feesin accordance with the School Programme.The enrolment is the highest recorded since the introduction of therevised scale of fees, and shows an increase of 13, as compared withthe previous Session. . .Forty-two students of the School of Architecture of Ull1Ver~ItyCollege, Dublin, attended for instruction in Drawing and ModellI~g.The sessional examinations of the School of Architecture in Drawingand Modelling were held in the School in June, for which the HeadMaster acted as examiner on behalf of University College.98Four students attended the Evening classes in Architecture, Drawing,and Modelling, under the auspices of the Architectural Associationof Ireland.Three students, who were awarded Scholarships in Art in July,1933, having satisfactorily completed the courses prescribed for thetwo previous Sessions, have been awarded an extension for the Session1935-36. Scholarships in Art were awarded to three other studentsas a result of the competitive examination held in July, and they hav~entered on a course of instruction for the Session 1935-36.Seventy-one students entered for the Examinations conductedby the Department of Education under the Programme of Examinationsfor Technical Schools, and secured a total of 231 successes.Certificates and Awards in connection with the Art Course Examinationsheld in 1934 were issued during the Sessions, as follows :_CertificatesAwards23 First Year.16 Second Year.8 Third Year.3 Fourth Year (Full Course).4 First Prizes.• 1 Medal.Ten students were entered, and passed the examination in BlackboardDrawing held by the Department in November, 1934.In the competition for Scholarships and Prizes offered under theTaylor Bequest, the Scholarship in Painting, value £50, the Scholarshipin Modelling, value £50, and a Prize of £10 for Painting wereawarded to students of the School.In the Irish National Art Competition, 1935, promoted by theRoyal Dublin Society, fifteen prizes to the total value of £48 lOs. Od.were obtained by twelve students of the School.A Summer Course of Instruction in Furniture Design was held inthe School from the 2nd to the 26th of July, both dates inclusive.The Course was attended by twenty-eight teacher-students, who areteachers of woodwork subjects in vocational education centres. Theinstruction was under the direction of the Headmaster assisted byMr. Thomas F. Ryan. The primary aim of the instruction was toimpart a knowledge of the principles and characteristics of moderndesign in furniture, and to provide practice in actual design andmethods of representation.A selection of students' work, arranged by the Students' Union,was exhibited in Egan's Gallery in October, 1934.The Annual Exhibition of the Royal Hibernian Academy washeld in the School galleries from 8th of April to the 25th of May,and included exhibits by 16 student» in attendance during the Session.A meeting was held in the School on the 13th of December, 1934,

94 95under the auspices of the Guild of Irish Art Workers, when a presentationof his portrait was made to Mr. Dermod O'Brien, P.R.H.A.,as a tribute of appreciation of his services to art in Ireland.A set of lithographic prints of drawings of the Shannon ElectricityScheme was kindly presented to the School by Herr Direcktor MullerDubrow.The Headmaster made a number of visits to the Carrigaline PotteryWorks during August.The students produced a decorative costume tableau at the NineArts Ball on the 22nd February. The equipment and accessoriesused in the Tableau were subsequently purchased by a theatricalproducer.A Costume Carnival was held in the School, under the auspices ofthe Students' Union, on the 7th of February.Standing School Committee.This Committee, to which reference was made in the last AnnualReport, held regular monthly meetings from January to May, 1935,inclusive. Visits were paid to the School to investigate the courses ofstudy in progress. In addition, the Committee made a careful surveyof the curricula of Schools of Art in' other countries and of the comparativeneeds of this country in the matter of Art Education. At theconclusion of these investigations, the Committee submitted to theMinister a Report advocating a complete reorganisation of the existingMetropolitan School of Art.The Report states that it was the considered opinion of the Committeethat the establishment of the School on a national rather thanon a metropolitan basis was long overdue, and that if the School wasto carry out its function adequately, it should be constituted as aNational College of Art, which should grant Diplomas in four mainSchools :-(a) Design in Industry,(b) Painting,(c) Sculpture,(d) Engraving and Illustration.The Committee attached the highest importance to its proposal,which it regarded as essen ial to the fixing of a definite standard forArt Education in the Saorstat. It recommended that the organisationof the first three Schools should proceed at once, but that the organisationof the School of Engraving and Illustration should be postponeduntil experience had been gained in the working of the other three.The Committee further recommended that the new College of Artshould be under the control of the present headmaster and that eachof the constituent Schools should have a professor and a principalassistant. While it was intended to promote the highest possiblestandards in each of the constituent Schools, the chief School of thenew College should be that of Design in Industry, which would becalle~ upon. to ?eal '~ith the increasingly important problem of in-• dustnal design m all Its aspects. For this reason, it was suggestedthat the post of Professor of Design should be of a whole-time chara td . hi c eran. carry WIt It the duties of deputy-headmaster. The other professor-ShIpS should be of a part-time character and should leave the hold.. erfree to contmue. .hIS personal.creative work and thus give to himas. teacher an artistic authonty that is lacking in the old-time professionalArt Master.These pr~po~als have been accepted by the Minister and the workof re-organisation along these lines is in progress. It is expectedthat the first three of these Schools will be in operation in Oct o b er,1936, and that the prospectus of the new College will be available inMay.. :rhe course fo: the Diploma will extend over three years. Tobe eligible for.the DIploma candidates will be required to attend thecourse.s o. f Instruction regularly and to pass the necessary SessionalExaminations,The Standing Committee is now proceeding to the considerationof other matters affecting the organisation of the National College ofArt. Efforts are to be made to co-ordinate the instruction with theot~er Sc~o~ls of Art in the Saorstat, and to develop a training in Artwhich WIllmfiuence the work of the Secondary and of the TechnicalSch~ols.. The diff.er.ent methods by which the new College can be ofservice m the training of persons for employment in various artisticcrafts and trades will also be the subject of careful examination.CHAPTERNATIONALVII.MUSEUM.I.-Irish Antiquities Division.A;-qu,isitions.-During the year under review· (ended 31st July,19~;)) the total number of acquisitions was 2,029 objects or groups ofobJe~ts (as. compared with 1,537 in 1932-33, and 1,954 in 1933-34),not including some very large groups of objects resulting from thesystematic excavations which cannot be reckoned with individuallyas the number would run into many thousands.Of this total of 2,029 register entries, 464 objects or groups ofobjects (in cases running into hundreds of individual articles), weredonations (as compared with 475 in 1932-33, and 596 in 1933-34),and 39 objects were loan deposits. The remaining 1,526 entries representpurchases out of the Museum grant-in-aid at a total expenditureto the State of £368 4s. lOd. (1932-33, £735 9s. 6d.; 1933-34,£749 12s. 3d.). The expenditure on archaeological purchases has thus

96dropped to about half the sum of the last few ~ears, whilst t~e numberof acquisitions shows a moderate increase. ThIS state of affairs ~eflectsthe influence of the systematic excavations upon the operations of.the Division. The Royal Irish Academy out of its own funds has.purchased nine important objects,. so that the to~~l number of acquisitionsin the year under report IS2,038. In addition to the expenditureshown in the figures just quoted, there was the usual expenditureby the State for additions to the photographic collections, whilst the'Royal Irish Academy devoted the usual annual sum for the purchaseofarchaeological specimens, and about £30 Os. Od. to field wor~.Three loan deposits were recalled by the owners and the notorious-"hoard" of forged gold objects known under the name" StrangfordLough Hoard," was melted down with the concurrence of all parti~s.concerned and realised £65 7s. 7d., which it is hoped will be voted lflthe following year as an additional item to swell the grant for acquisitions..Of large groups of objects acquired during the year under review,the ones resulting from the systematic excavations were undoubtedly'the most important. The amount of the material which the continuedexcavation at Lagore, Co. Meath, yielded was very large, woodenarticles and bones being prominent.The Lagore crannog is the third crannog site in Ireland to besystematicallyexcavated since 1932, and as in former years the workwas executed as part of the programme of the Harvard UniversityArchaeological Mission to Ireland, the chief supervisors being Dr '. H.O'Neill Hencken, Director of the Mission, and Mr. Hallam L. Movius,Junr., Assistant Director. On this excavation the expenses of labourand of some of the Assistant Supervisors were defrayed by the State,.chiefly under the Minor Relief Scheme for Unemployment and, to acertain extent, also from the Museum vote.The most interesting object found during the excavations at Lag~rewas a Imman figure of wood which may have had some ceremomalsignificance.Another considerable number of objects resulted from the excavationsconducted at Cush, Co. Limerick. The principal aspect of theseexcavation results is not, however, the number and quality of objectsfound, but their bearing upon certain problems of prehistoric Irelandand it would be difficult to overrate the far-reaching importance ofthe results obtained.The dredgings undertaken by the Electricity Supply Board in thebed of the river Shannon at Killaloe, Co. Clare, were finally closedduring the year. Owing to the kind co-operation of Mr. J. MacDonald,Chief Engineer, Electricity Supply Board, and Mr. A. B. Killeen.who was in charge of the works at Killaloe, a careful lookout forfinds was kept all during the operations and it resulted in a totalnumber of 617 archaeological objects being acquired for the National97Collection. Some 500 out of them are stone axes, chisels andchoppers of varying size and shape, whilst some 50 line-sinkers ofstone clearly indicate that the discoveries are due to the existenceon the spot of fishermen's dwellings at some time during the prehistoricpast. Amongst the metal objects were several very fine rapiers andleaf-shaped swords. Habitation at the time at which the objectsbecame embedded in the gravel and mud of the river was presumablyat its height during the Bronze Age, but it is noteworthy that aniron spear-butt and a sword of La Tene type were also found, andthis is the more welcome as the number of our La Tene finds is verysmall.The number of Bronze Age burials explored, the associated gravegoods of which form such an important basis of all chronologicalresearch, has been unusually large. Amongst the best are those fromGlenaree, Co. Limerick (finds presented by Mr. John Ryan, Glenaree),Brownstown, and Osberstown, Co. Kildare (presented by Rev. J. J.Meagher, C.C., Kilcullen, Co. Kildare, and Rev. L. M. Hewson, theVicarage, Carbury, Co. Kildare, respectively), Kinnard, Crossmolina,Co. Mayo (which contained a most unusual vessel), and three new ones(Nos. 9, 10, 11) in the Keenoge, Co. Meath, cemetery.The number of individual acquisitions referred to in the presentreport, which can claim more than ordinary significance, is somewhatsmaller than in former years. No conclusion can be drawn from thisfact, which is purely accidental-the yield of the last few years havingbeen abnormally large.A few finds may be singled out:A magnificent stone battle axe, of the very rare type with ornamentallines round the shaft-hole, was deposited on loan by Mr.WilliamTaaffe, of Newtown, Duleek, Co. Meath. It was found on the top ofa large rock formation, called "The White Rock," which risessteeply from the undulating grassland of this part of Co. Meath.The fact that a stone hammer has been found some time previouslyat the foot of the hill (it was also deposited on loan by Mr. Taaffe)lends support to the view that the site may have some surprises instore and it will be excavated if such be possible. The close vicinityof the site to the Keenoge Bronze Age cemetery also denotes that thedistrict is of great archaeological importance. The discovery wasreported by Mr. J ames Talion.One of the best leaf-shaped bronze swords acquired during recentyears is the one found in a bog at Ards Beg, Co. Donegal, acquiredthrough the kind mediation of the Very Reverend Hugh CanonMcDwyer, P.P., Gortnahork, Co. Donegal. The find-spot was investigatedby Professor Jessen, as the position of the weapon in thebog was likely to throw a lot of light on the chronological relationshipbetween Late Bronze Age and peat stratification in Ireland.E

98A halbert of unusual size and in perfect state of preservation comesfrom Armoy, Co. Antrim. It was found many years ago and wasacquired through the kind action of the Most Reverend Dr. D. Mageean,Bishop of Down and Connor, and of the late Rev. J. Canon O'Flaherty.Another fine halbert from Crott, Co. Longford, was acquired throughS. C. Mac Ionnraic, 0.5.The collection of stone monuments with the enigmatic carvings,presumably of Bronze Age date, of which the slabs and other stonesat Newgrange and Slieve na Caillighe are the most famous representatives,has been enriched by a very fine stone from Carrickrobin, Co.Louth. It was deposited by the County Louth Archaeological Society,through the Reverend P. Corcoran, C.C., as it was in danger ofdestruction.It must be remarked here that it is the policy of the Museum, inaccordance with modern views prevailing universally, to bring suchfield monuments to the museum only where this is necessary for theirpreservation. This policy aims at not depriving the countryside ofits monumental wealth, its attractions and amenities for the benefitof the local population and from the point of view of the tourist trade,and with the permanent and most encouraging increase of the interesttaken in these monuments all over the country it is to be firmly hopedthat soon no further transfer of monumental relics to museums willbe found necessary.These remarks apply also to Ogham stones, to the collection ofwhich was added a very good specimen from Gortalea, Tralee, Co.Kerry, purchased by the Royal Irish Academy.The most important acquisition of the year is the very fragmentary,yet beautiful little reliquary of the Early Christian Period, whichwas formerly known as " Lord Emly's Shrine," but the proper nameof which should be " The Monsell of Tervoe Shrine." This valuablerelic had been lost sight of for many years, but it was rediscoveredby Commander E. Monsell, RN., Tervoe, Clarina, Co. Limerick, andhe kindly deposited it on loan in the National Collection.Re-arrangement in the Irish Antiquities Division is being more andmore hampered by the unfortunate fact that the available accommodationis so seriously over-taxed by the increase of material andby the necessity of creating room for new activities such as arise fromthe work of the Division itself and from the demands of other branchesof learning, which are closely linked up with archaeological research,e.g., the systematic study of Irish Folk-culture.The relining of cases with the new canvas-covering has been continued,and four large cases have been re-arranged according to modernviews. The most interesting of these is that which contains the BronzeAge shields, now displayed in such a way that they are visible from bothsides. The corner-rooms (which hitherto contained some bog-findsof later periods and the large loan collection of finds from Ulster99Subterranean Dwellings, now returned to the owner) is being graduallycleared to make way for the contents of the Indian Room, whilst thepresent Indian Room will take Japanese material in juxtapositionto the Augusta Bender Memorial Room of Far Eastern Art. Thepresent Japanese Room will thus be made available for a better displayof the National Independence Movement collection.Registration: Topographical Archives.-The systematic formationof topographical record indexes of all archaeological discoveries andmonuments in the whole country, irrespective of whether the chattelsare preserved in the National Museum or in some other museum orprivate collection, or whether they are lost, and irrespective also ofwhether the field monuments still exist, has been going on with everincreasingactivity. This work is being done in close co-operation withthe Office of Public Works and aims at collecting in one place all theinformation inherent in the Museum material, buried in enormousrows of scientific publications and forthcoming from every conceivablecorner of the country.Library.-Under the grant from the Murphy Bequest, which providesan annual sum for the purchase of books and periodicals forthe Library, it has been possible to add important new and oldliterature to the Divisional Library. In addition, several very importantperiodicals are regularly being deposited for permanent keeping in theDivision by the Royal Irish Academy. Several papers of Irish antiquarianinterest, principally those based upon material in the Museum,were reprinted at a cheap rate for distribution amongst the friendsand correspondents of the National Museum.Gifts for the Library were received from the followingdonors :-Dr. Albert M. Bender, San Francisco; Dr. Johs. Be,Bergens Museum, Norway; Dr. J. G. D. Clark, F.S.A.,Peterhouse, Cambridge; Mr. T. A. Glenn, Abergele ; the late CountessWilhelmina von Hallwyl, Stockholm; Mr. W. J. Hemp, F.S.A., RoyalCommission for Ancient Monuments of Wales, London; Dr. F. Kahler,Klagenfurt, Austria; Her Excellency, Mrs. E. von Kuhlmann, Dublin;Professor Dr. A. A. Mendes Correa, Director of the AnthropologicalInstitute, and Professor J. A. Pires de Lima, Director of the AnatomicalInstitute of the University of Porto, Portugal; M. E. Passemard ,Biarritz, and Mr. R J. Welch, M.RI.A., Belfast.In addition to exchange literature from foreign museums, donationshave also been received from a good many of them, principally fromAmgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru in Cardiff.Photographic Collections and Studio.-Tbe studio was, as in thepast, kept very busy with the demand for photographs, and as informer years grateful acknowledgment must be made of the veryE2

190 191valuable assistance received from Mr. T. Mason, M.R.I.A., who takesa very keen interest in the progress of the Museum and of Irisharchaeology generally. Not only did he present many photographshimself, but he was also engaged on the printing of no fewer than472 photographs, representing ancient monuments, rural life, etc., ofmany parts of the Irish West, which were enlarged from negativeskindly lent for the purpose by Professor Dr. Lester E. Klimrn, Departmentof Geography, Wharton School of Finance and Commerce,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Dr. Klimm has beenengaged upon a geographical and sociological survey of several districtsof Western Ireland, and very many of his photographs will be ofpermanent value in the future because of the rapid changes thatare taking place in the rural areas. Mr. T. D. Kendrick, Deputy Keeperof the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities of theBritish Museum, deposited for permanent keeping in the NationalMuseum all the negatives taken by him during his excavation, carriedout, under the Minor Relief Scheme, at the ancient monastic site ofGallen in Co. Offaly. Several large collections of photographs illustratingancient monuments and rural life in different parts of thecountry were purchased.Donations for the Photographic Collections were received from:Miss M. K. Cronin, N.T., Blacksod, Co. Mayo; Seamus 0 Duilearga,M.A., Director of the Irish Folklore Commission, Dublin; Mrs. EdithM. Guest, London; Lady Dorothy Lowry-Corry, Castlecoole, Enniskillen;Mr. L. Mongey, L.P.S.l., Dungarvan; Sergt. John O'Mara,Fanore, Ballyvaughan; Miss Ethel Turner, San Francisco; O. D.MacCartha Uileas, Colaiste Moibhi, Dublin; Mr. R. J. Welch, M.Sc.,M.R.I.A., Belfast, and others.Research.-The year under review may justly be claimed to be themost active one ever experienced by the Museum as far as researchgoes. Not only were people constantly applying for information andavailing of the facilities of the Museum in the interest of archaeology,but naturally the large scientific schemes of systematic excavationsundertaken resulted iri a constant and almost endless stream ofvisitors interested in and connected with the execution of the schemes.In addition to this, several younger members of the archaeologicalschool of the country were regularly in the Museum, and there werethree visitors from abroad who spent a considerable time in the Museumin order to collect material for publications.The Irish Antiquities Division took an active part in the cominginto being of the Quaternary Research Committee. The Committeewas fortunate in securing the co-operation in its new line of researchof Dr. Knud Jessen, Professor of Botany in Copenhagen Universitya~d Director of the Botanical Gardens of Denmark. Dr. J essen andhIS Assistant, Dr. Hagbard Jonassen, visited this country from Juneto September, 1934, and during a corresponding period in the summermonths of 1935. Several leading scientists interested in Geology,Botany, Palaeobotany and other branches of research were associatedwith the investigations carried out in Ireland under the direction ofDr. Jessen. The results of the investigations of some forty archaeologicalsites (not to mention the many others which were examined fromthe geological and botanical viewpoint in the first instance) will takeseveral years to be worked out, but they are bound to be of vital importanceto the future of archaeology in Ireland.As an interim record of the work of the Committee and an appreciationof its importance for the development of science and archaeologyin Ireland a special number of the" Irish Naturalists' Journal" (towhich the Keeper contributed) was issued. In order that the resultswould include the whole country, a certain portion of the work ofthe Committee was also done in Northern Ireland, partly in connectionwith excavations of the Third Harvard University ArchaeologicalMission to Ireland. While Dublin can claim to have taken the initiativeand while the main financial support came from the Free State Governmentand the National University of Ireland, the Committee is of anall-Irish character and received sympathetic support in NorthernIreland.When the results are worked out it will become apparent to Europeanscience that Ireland has rendered a service to all Northern and 'WesternEurope, the importance of which can hardly be overstated.It was a happy coincidence that the practical work of the Committeefor Quaternary Research in Ireland took final shape at the sametime at which the ational Museum was invited to co-operate in themanagement of excavations which the Government wished to financefor the purpose of relieving unemployment in certain parts of thecountry. A brief account of these excavations is set out inAppendix VIII (p. 223).Thus it was possible for the Quaternary Research Committee tocharge itself with the supervision of one of these excavations, viz.,the excavations in Ballybetagh bog, Co. Wicklow, a site famous forearlier discoveries of the Irish Giant Deer.The staff of the Division had thus the satisfaction that of thenundreds of topographical files which are constantly accruing andtake so much time and energy, to the exclusion of work showing amore spectacular return. in the nature of publications, etc., a conspicuousnumber formed the basis for the field operations of theQuaternary Committee as well as for the Excavation Scheme.The excavations started, after a rather hurried preparatory period(the enterprise being somewhat experimental), on July 9th, 1934,and the last excavator finished work on November 10th, 1934.This Report would not be complete if mention were not made ofthe further activities of the Third Harvard University ArchaeologicalMission to Ireland, in excess of and above the participation in the

102State-financed excavations already mentioned. The Mission in 1934consisted, as in former years, of the Harvard University Social andEconomic Survey, the Harvard University Racial Survey and theHarvard University Archaeological Survey. The staff of theArchaeological Survey (which is the one with the closest bearing uponthe activity of the Museum) consisted of Dr. Hugh O'Neill Hencken,Peabody Museum, Harvard University, as Director; Mr. Hallam L.Movius, Junr., M.A., of Peabody Museum, as Assistant Director, andthree Field Assistants: Mr. Amory Goddard, Harvard University,Mr. John Otis Brew, M.A., Peabody Museum, and Mr. F. L. W_Richardson, Junr., B.A., Harvard University.The sojourn of the Survey in Ireland in 1934 Jasted from the 4thof June to the 23rd of October, and in addition to two excavationsunder the State Scheme, three large excavations were undertaken atthe expense of the Survey alone, viz.:(a) excavation of a Bronze Age tumulus at Carrowlisdooaun, Co.Mayo, which yielded very interesting burial-finds, afterwardsacquired by the Museum. See the publication by Dr. Hencken :" A Tumulus at Carrowlisdooaun, Co. Mayo," in Journal ofthe Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, vol. 65, 1935,pp. 75-83;(b) a large Bronze Age cairn with slab-built grave-cists at Poulawack,Co. Clare. See the publication by Dr. Hencken (withreport on the Human Remains by Mr. Movius): "A Cairnat Poulawack, Co. Clare" in the same Journal, vol. 65, 1935,pp. 191-222;(c) a very large Stone Fort, called Cahircommaun Fort, in thetownland of Tullycommon, Co. Clare. Amongst the hundredsof finds (acquired afterwards by the Museum) was a verybeautiful Early Christian silver brooch. The main importanceof this excavation is that it makes us take a somewhat moreoptimistic view as to the desirability of excavating in such stoneforts even in the barren limestone lands of some parts ofWestern Ireland.Educational Activity. - A temporary Exhibition of exca va tion res ults,obtained in 1934, was staged by the Division in June, 1935, andkept on view for a considerable time because of the interest whichit aroused on the part of the visiting public.The Division also participated with loan objects in several localexhibitions-an activity which has always been found usefulprincipallyin the Meath Feis, held in Navan in June, 1935.The Department of Education issued circulars to the managersand other responsible heads of schools, advocating organised visits of103school-children to the educational institutions In Dublin like theNational Museum, the National Gallery, the Municipal Gallery ofModern Art and the Botanic Gardens.The Department of Lands, Forestry Division, on behalf of the IrishAntiquities Division, agreed to send a circular of instructions to alllocal Forestry Officers, asking them to report to the Museum as earlyas possible any discoveries that might appear to present features ofhistorical or archaeological interest.Public lectures were given by the Keeper to the Dublin LiterarySociety, in the City of Belfast Museum and Art Gallery, in Kilrush andin Ennis, Co. Clare, and at the General January Meeting, 1935, of theCambridge Antiquarian Society.Aeknowledgments.-The vigorous activity of the Museum during theyear under review would not have been possible without the assistanceof its many old and new friends. Many of them have already beenmentioned in the earlier sections of this Report, but the following mustbe named as helpers throughout the year and on many occasions :-Mr. M. V. Duignan, M.A., Dublin; Mr. Seamus 0 Duilearga,M.A., Director of the Irish Folklore Commission, Dublin; Sergt.Walter Fleming, Garda Siochana, Kerrykeel, Lifford, Co. Donegal; Mr.H. G. Leask, M.RI.A., Inspector of National Monuments, Office ofPublic Works, Dublin; Mr. T. Mason, M.RI.A., Dublin; DistrictJustice Liam Price, Dublin; Mr. F. T. Riley, M.Sc., T.C.D.;Mr. Dermot O'Sullivan, N.T., Lehud N.S., Tuosist, Killarney,Co. Kerry; Mr. James Tallon, C.C., Fennor, Duleek, Co. Meath, andMr. R J. Welch, M.RI.A., Belfast.A very special expression of thanks is due to the authorities of theResearch Laboratory of the British Museum for their repeated kindnessin taking charge of particularly delicate cleaning and restoration workin cases of valuable finds. There was now and then occasion to ask forsuch help and it was always liberally granted. One more case inpoint arose in connection with two Viking graves from the Islandbridge(Dublin) Cemetery, which had been excavated on February11th, 1933. The objects found in them were treated in the laboratoryof the British Museum, thanks to the kindness of Dr. H. J. Plenderleith,M.C., B.Sc., F.RS.E.A list of all acquisitions will be found in Appendix VIII.II.-ART AND INDUSTRIAL DIVISION.During the year the work of the Division has been carried out ina satisfactory manner and the collections maintained in good order.There has.b. ~en a good deal of re-arrangement m.the vanous.sect'ionsof the DIVISIon, especially in the textiles and ceramics, but nothingcan be done' th .' '1. lTI e way of a satisfactory classification unti morespace ISavailable.The chief.addition. .to the Division. ..ISt. he new section.

194dealing with the Irish National Independence Movement from 1916onwards. A very great deal of material has been collected and dealtwith. The collection, now containing hundreds of objects, was openedto the public on April 16th, 1935, and has attracted an enormousnumber of visitors. The room (No. 17) on the first floor of the Museumis now full and another room on the ground floor (No. 4) is beingprepared for additional exhibits. A detailed catalogue of the collectionis in course of preparation and, it is hoped, will be published shortly.Work is also proceeding on the Catalogue of Irish Medals.A General Guide to the lace collection is being prepared. Thispublication is very much needed as up to the present no Guide hasbeen issued dealing with the fine collection in the Museum.An exhibition of Czechoslovakian procelain and glass was openedin the Museum on December 18th, 1934. This exhibition was arrangedby the kindness of the Czechoslovakian Consul, Major P. Ruzicka,and formed a great attraction to a large number of visitors. Theexhibition was closed at the end of February, ]935. The Guide toIrish Pottery, written by the Keeper, was published in May, 1935.This is the first contribution published dealing with the history ofIrish ceramics.There were no very outstanding acquisitions made during the year,but a good many objects of interest have been secured for the varioussections. In the metal work an interesting small plain silver bowl andcover was acquired. This was made in Dublin in 1719 by PhilipKinnersley, a well known Dublin Silversmith. The plain bowls withcovers, in Irish silver, are now very difficult to obtain. A silverasparagus server, made in Dublin in 1826, and a silver ladle, DublinC. 1760, were also added. A silver cup given by Earl Talbot to theIrish Farming Society, was presented by E. R. McC. Dix, Esq.In the Furniture Section a mahogany armchair, formerly belongingto William Smith O'Brien, a large mirror in carved gilt chippendaleframe, presented by Mrs. Vera Devane, and a small travelling trunk,made by C. Devereux, Dublin C. 1750, were acquired.To the Glass and Porcelain the additions include a Cork cut-glassbowl of unusual technique, cut with fishes and strawberry diamonds,an Irish glass butter dish and cover, a Cork-cut glass water jug,and a very important Waterford cut and engraved glass decanter.This last was made about 1790 for a member of the Penrose family,who introduced glass-making into Waterford, and was presented byMrs. A. R. McMullen.A very important service of forty-four pieces of Dublin enamelledpottery was added to the Collections. This service, of blue and whitepottery, is severally marked with the painter's initials and is of thegreatest importance in determining the marks used on Dublin 18thcentury ttpo ery. An enamelled pottery shoe, presented by Mrs. Mai105Beatrice Moorhead, is of very great interest. This shoe was made inBelfast in 1724, and bears the owner's initials and date and also theword "Belfast."An important large ivory crucifix was acquired. This is Italianwork of the 17th century.Several additions were made to the Textile, Coins and Medals,Arms and Armour and Military Sections.Purchases.-The number of specimens purchased during the yearending July 31st, 1935, was two hundred and thirty-five.Donations.-The number of separate donations was thirty-seven,many gifts comprising a number of items.Loans.-The number of objects lent during the year was eightythree.A list of principal acquisitions will be found in Appendix VIII.m.-NATURALmSTORY DIVISION.During the year the work of arrangement and classification ofalready acquired specimens and the addition of new material wentsteadily forward.A large section of the Praeger herbarium of Irish plants, consistingpartly of loose specimens, was mounted and incorporated.In consequence of this and other additions it became necessary toextend the accommodation for the Irish collection of FloweringPlants by more than fifty per cent. The acquisition of Irish Fungi,mainly by collection by the Keeper, was continued. Wider distributionwas observed for many species and knowledge of the Fungus floraof the country was extended also by the addition of several hithertounrecorded forms. Assistance was given by the staff of the Divisionboth in laboratory and field work in the investigation of peat depositsin this country carried out by Professor J essen of Copenhagen underthe auspices of the Committee for Quaternary Research in Ireland.In this connection the Herbarium was drawn upon for materials forcomparison. The botanical collection was enriched by the additionof the splendid herbarium of Flowering and Flowerless Plants, mainlyfrom Irish sources, bequeathed to the Museum by the late Dr. ReginaldW. Scully, of Rushbrooke, Co. Cork.The Arctic fossils of the Moss, MacClintock and Colomb collectionsin the Division were re-examined and arranged, and many previouslyunrecognised type-specimens were found among them, thus enhancingthe value of these collections.The identification, sorting and preservation of selected materialfrom the bones resulting from the numerous excavations carried outduring the year by the Harvard University Archaeological Missionunder the direction of Dr. H. 0' eiII Hencken, under the State

1Q6 107Scheme of Excavations and independently, as also by other workersat various local centres, were continued and further valuable additionswere made to the collection of bones of ancient wild and domesticanimals in the Museum. Among other valuable remains of wildanimals from Kilgreany Cave, Co. Waterford, a mandible and otherbones of Lynx were found. This is the first recorded discovery of theremains of this animal in Ireland. Eleven fragments, including a brokenskull and two mandibles with teeth, of the English Stoat were found inthe lower layers of the cave deposits, while the only remains of Stoatin the upper layers were those of the Irish form, which is a muchsmaller animal. This is the first occasion on which the remains of theEnglish Stoat have been discovered in Ireland. The great bulk of thebones received from the excavations at Lagore, Co. Meath, and fromCahircommaun, Co. Clare, consisted of remains of domestic animals.Arrangements were made by the Keeper for the examination in thefield of the bones resulting from the excavations continued at Lagore,Co. Meath, by the Harvard University workers in the summer of 1:35,so that only a small portion of material selected from the ammalremains had to be brought to the Museum for detailed study. Therich collection of remains of Irish Giant Deer was further increasedduring the year by the addition of parts of seven of these animalswhich were acquired, partly as gifts from the Committee for QuaternaryResearch in Ireland and from Mr. P. Thomas, of Adoon, Co. Leitrim,partly by collection and partly by purchase.An important and valuable collection of 8,350 Irish Insects madeby the late Rev. W. F. Johnson, chiefly in the counties of Down,Armagh and Donegal, was purchased out of the Grant from Statefunds.Through the kind help of Miss M. J. Delap, of Valentia, both inpromptly reporting the stranding and in supervising the salv~g of thecarcase, the skull of a new variety of True's Whale was acquired fromValentia.The Museum is indebted to Mr. Charles Oldham, of Berkhamsted,Herts., for an interesting collection of Land and Freshwater Molluscsmade by him at The Mullet, Co. Mayo.A new centre of distribution of the Grey Squirrel was observed atWoodenbridge, Co. Wicklow; a specimen shot there by Major Bayley'sson has been deposited on loan at the Museum.The skeleton of a Grey Seal, whose carcase was washed ashore atthe North Bull, Co. Dublin, was acquired for the osteological collections.As in previous years, numerous identifications were made andreports were furnished on specimens submitted by members of thepublic and by Government Departments.A list of acquisitions is given in Appendix VIII.CHAPTERVIII.NATIONAL LIBRARY OF IRELAND.The Library was open on 284 days, having been closed, in additionto the seven public holidays, for twelve days for the usual annualcleaning and re-arrangement. The number of readers as recordedby the Signature Book, amounted to 57,362, made up as follows:Ordinary days, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., 34,149; 5 p.m. to 10 p.m., 20,530;Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2,683. The average for Ordinary Dayswas thus 231.6, for Saturdays, 55.89, a slight decrease on that of lastyear.The year's accessions amounted to 13,456, of which 1,726 were receivedunder the Industrial and Commercial Property (Protection)Act. A table classifying them is given in the Appendix, along withother Statistics. All of these have been catalogued or otherwise madeavailable for consultation.Particulars of the more noteworthy accessions, especially thoserelating to Ireland, are given in the Appendix. Continuing the policyof recent years many manuscripts and rare Irish books wereacquired. Mention may be made here of several first editions ofGoldsmith, viz., "Citizen of the World," 1762, "Inquiryinto the present state of polite learning," 1759, "History ofEngland," 1764, and "Martial Review," 1763, Swift's "ModestProposal for preventing the children of the Poor from being aburthen to their parents," 1729; Bishop Berkeley's anonymouspamphlet "Maxims concerning Patriotism," 1750; Hon. RobertBoyle'S "The Sceptical Chymist," 1680, the copy formerlybelonging to the celebrated German chemist, Johann Kunckel (1630-1702), with numerous notes and additions in his handwriting; thesame author's" Observations about the Saltness of the sea," 1674,and other first editions of his works; O'Kelly's " Philosophia Aulica,"1701; "The false and scandalous Remonstrance," 1644; Sinnich's" Sanctorum patrum de Gratia Christi," 1648. Among the variousproclamations and broadsides: the Proclamation of an Irish Republicby the French in 1798; James I, pardoning the Earl of Tyrone, 1603;Oliver Cromwell, restraining his army from seizing wheat and barleyin Munster, issued at Corke, 1649; James Tl, requiring all Irish officersand soldiers to repair to the respective bodies to which they belong,14 Dec., 1688, of which only three copies have been recorded; "AnAct for a Day of Publique Thanksgiving," 11 Oct., 1649, of whichagain only three copies are known, and two proclamations of Easter\Veek, 1916, by General Friend and Lord Wimborne, Lord Lieutenant.In the Department of Manuscripts, the most important singleaccession has been the well-known volume, entitled, " A Light to theBlind, whereby they may see the dethronement of James the Second,

108King of England, with a brief narrative of his War in Ireland, and ofthe war between the Emperor and the King of France for the Crown ofSpain, A.D. 1711." This was acquired from the Earl of Fingall, inwhose family it had been preserved for several generations. Thework has been ascribed to Nicholas Plunket. Copious extracts from ithave been published in various places by the late Sir John Gilbert.The Trustees are, however, glad to be able to state that arrangementshave been made for the publication of the entire MS. by the IrishManuscripts Commission. Other important purchases were: AnEnglish version by serveral hands, probably amanuenses, of Rothe's" Analecta Sacra," published in Paris in 1616; various letters-patentof Charles II and Queen Anne, granting lands and emoluments,1683-1692; O'Ferrall's " Linea Antiqua " enlarged by Sir WilliamBetharn; Sir J. Bernard Burke's "Vicissitudes of Families," withthe original correspondence relating thereto; Lord Chesterfield's" Journal" when Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1745-46; variousautograph letters, particularly those supplementing the Leinster-Lennox correspondence acquired last year, viz., from Lord EdwardFitzgerald to his mother, dated, New Brunswick, 21 Nov., 1788,Lady Louisa Conolly, Lady Emily apier, Sir H. E. Bunbury, etc.To Lord Monteagle the Library is greatly indebted for the gift ofupwards of 100 manuscript volumes from the family archives, includingAccount Books and Rent Books of the late 18th and 19thcenturies; the Letter Books of Rt. Hon. T. Spring-Rice, afterwards1st Lord Monteagle, during his tenure of office as Secretary to theTreasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer in Lord Melbourne'sAdministration (1827-49), also various records of Co. Limerick parishesand townlands, valuable for local and family history.Lord Moyne kindly offered through the Friends of the NationalLibraries a collection of works mainly relating to Ireland. As theLibrary already possessed the larger part, a selection of 57 volumeswas made. Among these may be mentioned the rare publication"Society of United Irishman," 1794, containing the Constitution,Proceedings, etc.The Rev. Ambrose Coleman, O.P., presented a typescript copy ofhis unpublished Life of the Rev. Canon William Carrigan, D.D., P.P.Mr. E. R. McC. Dix added to his former benefactions by the giftof two extremely rare proclamations issued by the Supreme Councilof the Catholic Confederation of Kilkenny in 1646 and 1648, also theDublin edition of the" Arabian Nights Entertainment," 1776.Dr. George O'Brien presented upwards of 100 volumes dealing withEconomics and Finance, from the Library of the late Mr. E. G. Peake.. In response to the appeal printed in last year's Report and widelyclrculated in the Press, the Library has received many valuable documents,records, printed leaflets, and personal memoranda relating tothe movements for National Independence, particularly during 1916.A full list of the donors is printed in the Appendix, and althoughacknowledgment has already been made in each individual case,the Trustees desire here to record their appreciation of gifts so freelymade to the national collection by private individuals for whom theserecords had often associations of a personal character.In the Department of MSS. considerable progress has been madein arranging and binding the various miscellaneous collections and looseitems. The cataloguing of the Phillipps Collection of modern IrishMSS., which was well advanced towards the close of the financialyear, has been interrupted by the loss of Dr. Roche's services. Theprinted hand-list of all manuscripts not in the Irish Language hasbeen laid down, with appropriate headings, in five folio volumes,which have been placed in the Reading Room, where they are constantlyconsulted.In the Division of Prints and Drawings work has gone steadily forward.The cataloguing and description of the Irish portraits, numberingupwards of three thousand, is nearing completion.The Bibliography of Irish History for the period 1912-1921, ofwhich mention was made in last year's Report, is in the printer's hands,and will, it is hoped, be published in the course of the current year.The biennial List of Publications deposited in the Library under theIndustrial and Commercial Property (Protection) Act, for the years1931-1932 appeared during the year.The entire collection of periodicals has been transferred to theEastern Wing, and re-arranged on the shelves specially fitted up fortheir accommodation. The Scientific periodicals, classified accordingto subject, are now more accessible for consultation by researchstudents. To relieve the congestion in the Newspaper Stores, upwardsof 1,500 volumes of duplicate English and Scottish newspapers,daily and weekly, including the "Times," have been disposed of,with the sanction of the Department of Finance, and some of thefiles are now being utilised in Libraries and Institutions elsewhere.The book-storage has been sensibly increased in consequence.A .noteworthy event in the past year has been the provision by theS.tatlOnery Office of a Photostat Machine, capable of making large-Sized copies of manuscripts, books, newspapers, maps, etc. A portionof the new extension in the Eastern Wing has been specially segregatedand fitted up by the Board of Works for its installation. It is theonly one of the kind at present available in the Saorstit. With theobject of aiding scholarship and research generally, books and MSS.preserved in other Irish Libraries and Institutions, which may bedeposited for the purpose, are copied at a comparatively low cost tostudents. During the short period that the machine has been inoperation the numerous orders received have amply justified theexpense of its installation.

110CHAPTER IX.REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIALSCHOOLS.Statistical information regarding the Schools is given in AppendixVII.Numbers.-The increase in the numbers in Reformatory Schoolsmentioned in last year's report is again noticeable this year-thefigures being 81 in 1934 and 96 in 1935; the admissions were 45,including 1 transferred from an Industrial School, as against 28 inthe preceding year. Of the 44 committals housebreaking and larcenyaccounted for over 88 per cent.; 7, or about 16 per cent., werebetween the ages of 12 and 14.Industrial Schools show a further decline in numbers, the admissions(including recommittals, etc.) fell from 748 in 1934 to 681 in 1935,and the children under detention from 6,420 to 6,227 this year.The following tabular Statement shows the headings, with percentages,under which children were committed during each of thelast three years :-1 2 3 4 5 6 7School OtherYear Begging, Wandering Destitute, Destitute, Attendance Grounds,---1908 Act 1908 Act 1908 Act 1929 Act 1926 Act 1908 Act1932-33 7.3 35.1 4.0 43.5 5.0 5.11933-34 8.8 31.8 3.9 42.5 6.1 . 6.91934-35 6.5 33.3 4.5 39.3 6.6 9.8" Wandering" and" Destitute" still continue the chief causes forcommittals, but the upward tendency under "Other Grounds "-children committed for offences punishable in the case of adultswith imprisonment-is reflected in the increased committals toReformatories.REFORMATORY SCHOOLS.During the year St. Conleth's, Daingean, certified in 1870, wasdiscontinued as a Reformatory and the inmates transferred to St.Kevin's, Glencree. The latter was in use as a Reformatory from1859 to 1927 when, owing to a reduction in committals, it was closed-one school being considered sufficient for the number of maleoffenders sent for training.Early in 1935 a fire in Glencree caused serious damage, part oft~e Chapel and dormitory being destroyed, fortunately, however,WIthout loss of life or injury to the inmates or staff and withoutappreciably interrupting the normal routine of the institution.General . Educaa t-on.- 1'1· ae proportion of backward pupils . In . Reformatonesis large; of the 44 admissions, 1 was illiterate, 10, including1117 under the age of 14, were barely able to read and write, and mostof the remaining 33 were deficient. Considering the neglected stateof the education of the young persons admitted, and the need to availof the period of detention to give the utmost opportunity for preparationfor after employment the work of the teachers was of necessityconcentrated in encouraging their pupils to respond to suchliterary instruction as could with advantage be followed. The higheststandard taught was VI in the boys' school and V in the girls' school.Industrial Training.-The occupational subjects in the boys' schoolduring the year were bootmaking, tailoring, carpentry, baking, smithwork,farming, dairywork, etc. In the girls' school the training, inaddition to the ordinary domestic subjects included mattress making,which has proved profitable for a number of past pupils, glove making,for which a prize was obtained at a local show, and machine knitting.Of the 30 discharges during the year, 21 were placed in employment,5 were sent to their friends, 1 was retained in school at the parents'request, 1 emigrated, 1 absconded and 1 was released after appealto the Circuit Court.Health.-The health of the inmates during the year was very satisfactory;there were no deaths, no cases of serious illness or infectiousdisease.Conduct.-With the exception of 3 abscondings, 2 of whom werebrought back to the school, the conduct was good. During the yearan experiment of sending all the boys to the seaside for a campingholiday was tried with very satisfactory results.INDUSTRIALSCHOOLS.General Education.-Reports of examinations by Inspectors of thePrimary Branch, which have been received for all the schools, affordtestimony of the satisfactory attention given to this feature of training.Criticisms were few and often qualified by references to general conditions.There is no apparent difference in the educational resultsof classes wholly conducted by Industrial Schools Staffs and thoseobtained from attendance at local National Schools. Some schoolshave made provision for promising pupils to attend classes in SecondarySchools. The year's records include scholarships, primary certificates,leaving certificates, and entrance to the Civil Service and otherappointments by competitive examination. A few schools have notadvanced pupils above Sixth Standard of the primary school programme,and it is hoped that in future the Managers of these schoolswill afford the necessary facilities for a higher grade of education.The junior boys' schools carry instruction to Standard III in all butone case where the boys reached Standard IV of the primary programme.On the whole, there was rather less interference than usualin classes from outbreaks of epidemic diseases during the year.

112Industrial Training and Disposal.-There is no change in the varietyof trades and occupations in the schools-generally spe~king, the sametrades are taught year after year in each school. Farmmg and gardeninggive employment to a large number in the bo~s' schools; trainingis also given in carpentry, tailoring and bootmakm? as well ~s boatbuilding,baking, manual instruction, poultry farmmg, weavmg, ~tc.In the girls' schools the domestic training programme, the. practr~alvalue of which Managers and Staffs fully realize, has been satisfactorilyfollowed, and it can be said that the efforts of the teachers and theplentiful supply of materials gave good results in arousing ambitionand determination on the part of the pupils. It is noteworthy thatpupils whose capacity for ordinary school work is meagre are oftenfound to apply intelligence to the practical training which makes avaluable appeal to backward or erratic individuals and also gives agood preparation by which more talented girls have been enabled toadapt themselves to varied occupations.Besides the number (588) placed in employment by Managers, thosereleased on discharge or licence to relatives include many who enteredemployment or who were usefully occupied with friends. While i~ iscomparatively' easy to find work for boys with farmers and for glrlSas domestic servants, great difficulty is generally experienced inplacing boys at a remunerative wage in the trades at which theywere trained in the schools.Health.-Measles, influenza, and diphtheria epidemics occurred inseveral schools, but with a few exceptions the attacks were restrictedor light. Preventative (serum) treatment for diphtheria was carriedout where cases occurred or where local conditions made it advisable.Hospital treatment, medical and surgical, dental treatment, tr~atmentfor affections of eyes, ears and throats were, as usual, fairlynumerous. Five of the twenty deaths were due to acute forms oftubercular disease and some other tubercular patients were sent tosanatoria. One case of the committal of an infant suffering from avery serious disease occasioned a good deal of trouble, but timelysegregation and removal prevented the spread of an infection thatmight have permanently injured other pupils of the school. All schoolsare alive to the importance of prompt and effective measures for controllingand preventing Trachoma and the disease was not allowedto spread from the very small number affected. One death was dueto accidental drowning. General health has been very good and ratherabove the average because of the less frequent and less severe outbreaksof infectious diseases.Conduct.-There were as usual very few cases of absconding duringthe year, and all but two, who were taken out of the country by aparent, were brought back to the schools. One boy was transferredto the Reformatory for persistent breaches of discipline; other casesIII113'Of insubordination were rare and relatively unimportant. The dispositionobserved in the children gives satisfactory evidence ofjudicious 'and sympathetic treatment.Recreation.-In addition to ordinary pastimes, such as hurling,football and handball in boys' schools, and various outdoor gamesin girls' schools, occasional visits to local Cinemas, shows, etc., weregeneral; plays and concerts were held and where there was opportunityschools entered competitions at local Feiseanna and shows, winningseveral prizes. One school secured a silver cup for Irish Drama, andothers were successful in choral competitions. Many have wirelesssets.The extension of home leave to two weeks has been appreciatedby the parents and children. Pupils, with a few exceptions, returnedat the time appointed, their relatives and themselves satisfied by theincreased period. Very few schools experienced physical or disciplinarytrouble consequent on home leave and its effect on boththe schools and the children has been beneficial.Buildings and Equip.ment.-Several schools continue to improve thebuildings and to instal equipment that will add to the comfort orfacilitate the training of the children. Improvements completed·during the year included additional bathing accommodation, newwater supplies, extra class and shop rooms, etc. Defects caused bythe usual wear and tear in the institutions were remedied.Effective precautions are taken by the Managers to ensure thesafety of the inmates, staff and buildings in case of fire and fire drillis regularly carried out in all schools.-CHAPTER X.ENDOWEDGeneral.SCHOOLS.The administration of the trusts of the various schemes, subject,to the control of the Minister for Education under the EducationalEndowments (Ireland) Act, 1885, proceeded in a normal manner-during the year under review, no matter of unusual character having.arisen for decision.In general, the powers and duties of the various Trustees and'Governing B~dies were exercised and discharged in a regular way in.accordance WIth the provisions of the respective endowment schemes.The reports and other returns required under the schemes wereproperly compiled .and duly furnished to the Department, except in.a few cases to which special attention is being given.The .reports of the Inspectors appointed by the Minister forEducatlOn, as well as the abstracts of accounts and reports furnished

114by the Auditors, indicate that, in substantially. all cases, th~ propertyandfunds of the Endowments were satisfactorily managed III accordancewith the statutory regulations, that the schools were efficientlyconducted and that the various buildings and equipment were maintainedin good condition and repair.Endowments directly controlled by the Minister for Education.The number of endowments directly controlled by the MinisterforEducation is fifteen, which includes nineteen separate funds asfollows;-The five Local Boards of Education (Free State portion ofUlster Royal School Endowments, Scheme No. 34); the PrestonNavan Endowment and the Athlone Private School Endowment •(Scheme No. 55) ; the Carysfort Endowment (Scheme No. 85) ; theBanagher Royal School Endowment and the Diocesan School Endowmentsof Meath and Ardagh; Tuam, Killala and Achonry, andLeighlin and Ossory (Scheme No. 90); the Leamy Endowment(Scheme No. 95) ; the Preston Endowment, Leix (Scheme No. 111) ;the Banks Endowment (Scheme No. 128); the Viscount LimerickEndowment (Scheme No. 143); the Parsons Persse Endowment(Scheme No. 180) ; the Limerick Diocesan School Endowment; andthe Preston Scholarship Fund.During the year 1934-35, the number of schools having claims toshare in these funds was sixty, of which eighteen were Secondaryand fourteen Primary; and, in addition, pupils of seventy-eightSecondary Schools were entitled to compete for Scholarships offeredunder Scheme No. 90.The income and expenditure for the year 1934 of the nineteenfunds mentioned above have been certified by an Auditor of theDepartment of Local Government and Public Health, under date3rd June, 1935, and are summarised as follows ;-I.-INCOME, 1934.Credit Bal-Rents Dividends Miscellaneous ances, TotalJan. 1. 1934------£ s. d. £ s. d. e s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.73 12 4 2,722 12 0 396 14 1 1,752 5 9 4,94'5 4 2II.-ExPENDITURII, 1934.Rent,Rates, and Im est- Educational CreditMiscel- Annuities merits Purposes Balances, Total'laneousDec. 31, 1934---- ------ ---- ---- -- ----£.s. d. e s, d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d144 11 4 46 2 6 - 2,761 6 5 1,993 3 11 4,945 11 2-it5No alterations in the Stocks or Endowments took place during theyear and the securities vested in the Minister for Education on behalf

116The foregoing Table does not include the nine Schemes (mentioned"at page 114) the endowments of which are directly administered bythe Minister, except that portion of Scheme No. 55 (Parochial Schools,Diocese of Meath, etc.), which deals with endowments vested in theLocal Governing Body.117Lii sues te 1,000 SCR1\)1111111 mbUll-Ce

118~01LLs15te 6eAnA -oe t:lAlut SAOtA1R An Coi sce 'nA t:lru1L A1SCR1U5A'O'O~AnCA SO bAe'OlLS AR t~ARmAl CelCnlCeA6A A t:lAlneAnn Le SCA1R .c.SUS"C1ReOU1'OeA6c; bRAmA'OAC ASUS LlcRl'OeAcc; eOLul'OeAcc; Ceot.,ASUS "CR.&cc.&lL. "C.&tARAS sU1LSO t:lr01LLseoCAR AR nau, cU1LLeA'OLeAt:lAR-oen CS6RC C~A'OnA, 'nA mbero c~ARmAl CLUlcl, sLeAcAl'OeAccA, 'Oti,'OocculReAcc, ASUS 11-. "C.&An C~A'OteAt:lR.&n (SCA1R ASUS "C1ReoLui06c).c.s cL6 te cAmALt, ASUS C.&tAR cun ~ m~A'OU$A'O SO m6R ASUS e At-CUlt.c.mA6 'n-A '0.& teAt:lR.&n, ceenn '00 SCA1R A5US ceann '00 L1Reotulocc.

T.-PRIMARYI. Schools2. (a) TrainingPrivate mana(bl Prepara toryPupil Teachers---------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ._--- --------~---------ApPENDIX r,SAORSTAT ~IREANN. GENERAL EDUCATION STATISTICS.Total ex-Percentage penditureAverage of average from PublicNo of No. of daily daily Funds AverageSer viceSchools pupils attend- attendance including cost No. of Teachers' Salaries Lengthor on ance of pupils cost of per teachers ofColleges Rolls of to No. of Adminis- pupil. Schoolpupils pupils on tration, WeekRolls Inspectionand Examination*(a) (b) (r) (d) (e) (f) (oR) MEN;- (h) (i)Normal Scale: £140-£303 p.a. 20 hour srroo Supernormal, £377 p.a. max. to 25 hrstRolls,~TOMEN;-13,604 ~(b)In Aver-L Supernormal £295 p.a. max.age attendlance( Principals - Men, - £700 ;L £814.7Women, £600;Vice-Principals-c-Men £600 ;IWomen £500;I Professors; Men-Resident.. .. 5,280 492,893 413,7.62 83.8 £3.608,781 £7.6.5 Normal Scale: £ I28-£246 p.a.Colleges under 5 674 - - £59,257 £87.18.4 -i£250-£15-£500 ;gement Non-Resident £300 - £15 -Colleges,I£600 ;Women-Resident £200-£10-£400 ;I Non-Resident £250-£15-l £500.( Scales (exclusive of board andI Residence) for PreparatoryI CollegesJPrincipals-Men, £350-15-£440 ; Women, £320-10-£400.-10-£310 - 15 - £400 ;I Women, £250 - 10 - £300.Professors; Men, £240 - 10I -£250-12-£310-15-£400 ;L Women, £220 -10 - £300., Examinations, 7 585§ - - £35,347 - - Vice-Principals: Men, £300

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (z)Registered and Recognised 27 hrs.Teachers :-lI.-SECONDARY :1. Schools .. 315 32,384 - - £423,945 £131s.IOd. 2,861(Grants Men (indoor), £150-360 p.a.Paid on Women (indoor), £140-260 p.a.28,107) Men (outdoor), £200-410 p.a.Women (outdoor) £l 80-300 p.a.---- ._--- ---- ------ ---III.-POST-PRIMARY OTHERTHAN SECONDARY:1. Whole-time teachers :Established Continuation "1"1Men (Normal Scale)or Technical Schools-141}- 1.: Whole- £130-10-£200 p.a.;2. Centres other than Estab-State62,670I time: Do. (Extended Scale)£200-10-£250 p.a; ;Iished Continuation or Fundsapprox.Women (Normal Scale)Technical Schools .. 759 -- - £257,843 1727 £120-10-£170 p.a.; 20 to 30Do. (Extended Scale) hrs. per3. Schools of Art£170-10-200.....p.av ;· . 1 444 - - Partweek foNotes :-(1) Cost of living bonus isr ~4. Training Schools of Rates time: payable on the above scales; 40 weeks •...•Domestic Economy · . 3 114 - - £132,168 (2) A small number of Teachers5. Day Trades Preparatoryare on special salary scales;586\3) Part-time Teachers are em-Schools .. · . **1 94 - - . J ) ployed at a rate per teaching hour~-------------- ---- ---- _._-- ----- ------ ----- -. -- -------------- ----"1 ]\Iini-IV.-1. Reformatory Schools .. 2 123 76 61.8 £2,553 £348s. 8d. 19 - Imumnumber2. Industrial Schools .. 52 6,566 6,449 98.2 £198,721of hour.£30 16s. 481 - per3d. week. 18* In the total expenditure are included the cost of Administration for each Branch and the relevant proportion of Departmental Headquarters'Charges.t Average number of pupils on Rolls for the year ended 30th June, 1935.§ Number of pupils in Preparatory Colleges .•• This School is not under the control of a Vocational Education Committee,}

PRIMARY122APPENDIX n,EDUCATION .-STATISTICS.PRIMARYSCHOOLS.No. OF SCHOOLSIN OPERATIONON THE 30TH JUNE, 1935=5,280.1 The majority of these schools have been built from St~te Grants and local.. . . th rtion of £2 State Grants to £1 raised locally, a State-contnbutIons III e propo .. S G tGrant in excess of two-thirds being given in necessitous districts. tate ran Swere made as follows :-Amount actually paid during the financial year 1934--35and the charge falling on the Vote for the Office of PublicWorks .... .Total Grants made for the building and reconstructIo~ .ofSchools during the financial year 1934--35. These liabilitieswhen they fall due will become a charge on the Vote forthe Office of Public Works£ s. d.128,869 14 11153,180 17 8HEATING AND CLEANING OF SCHOOLS.2. State Grants, Ordinary Schools14,335 2 8The heating and cleaning of Model Schools are provIded for on a differentbasis from State sources-partly by the Office of Public Works and partlyby the Departmentof Education.PUPILS.3 Total Number of Pupils on Rolls on 30th June, 1935 _ 495,829Average No. of Pupils on Rolls for the year ended 30th June, 193;, 492,893Average daily attendance of all Pupils for the year ended 30th413,262June, 193583.8Percentage of average daily attendance to average No. on RollsThe Religious Denominations of the Pupils on Rolls on 30th June, 1935, werereturned as follows :-No. of PupilsPercentage475,70795.9Catholics15,2403.1Church of Ireland3,3800.7Presbyterian7710.2MethodistOther Denominations7310.1NUMBER OF TEACHERS EMPLOYED.4. The numbers of Primary Teachers employed on the 30th June, 1935, wereapproximately as follows :- MEN WOMEN TOTAL. • 3,831 5,381 9,212Principal and ASSIstant Teachers 1,739 1,739Junior Assistant MIstresses . . . . 1 T h* There were, on 30th June, 1935, a few vacancies for Priricipa eac ers.Members of Religious Orders of Monks or Nuns whoare members of the minimum recognised staffrequired by the Regulations in Monaster v or514 764Convent Schools paid by Capitation .. 270Lay Assistant Teachers who are :'Iembers of theminimum recognised staff required by the Regulationsin Monastery or Convent Schools paid byCapitation250 514 764TOTALS 4,351 9,253 13,604123There were also in the Service on 30th June, 1935, 2 Workmistresses and 1Industrial Teacher.The foregoing figures have reference to the normal staffs of the schools requiredto warrant the payment of grants. In addition to these teachers, members ofthe Community and Supernumerary Lay Assistants are in many cases employedin Convent and Monastery National Schools to supplement the staffs requiredby the Regulations, but grants are not allowed by the Department in respectof such teachers.NORMAL AND SUPERNORMAL SCALES.5. The numbers of principal, assistant, and lay assistant teachers in the serviceon 30th June, 1935, receiving the normal and supernormal scales of salarieswere as follows :-lEN \\'OME:\f TOTALNormal Scale 2,967 4,310 7,277Supernormal Scale 1,114 5,585 2,699TOTALS 4,081 5,895 9,976NEW TEACHERS AND TEACHERS RE-APPOINTED TO THE SERVICE6. The number of persons appointed for the first time as principal, assistantor lay assistant teachers during the year ended 30th June, 1935 was approximatelyas follows :-MEN WOMEN TOTAL145 204 349The foregoing figures include the numbers of teachers who had been out ofthe service on 30th June, 1934, and who were re-appointed as principal, assistant,or lay assistant teachers during the year.TEACHERS WHO DIED, RETffiED ON PENSION OR RESIGNED THESERVICE.7. During the year ended 30th June, 1935, approximately 214 principal'assistant, or lay assistant teachers retired on pension, and 204 principal,assistant, or lay assistant teachers died or resigned the service.SCALES OF SALARIES OF TEACHERS.Revised scales of salaries for National teachers were brought into force from1st April, 1934. Particulars of the new scales are as follows :-8. (1) School with an average attendance of 30 or more Pupils.The normal scale for men principal teachers (trained) is £140, rising by seventeenannual increments to £303. If highly efficient they then enter a supernormalscale and proceed by five annual increments to maxima, varying with theaverage attendance of pupils, of from £340 to £377.The normal scale for women principal teachers (trained) is £128, rising byfourteen annual increments of £8 and one of £6 to £246. If highly efficient theythen enter a supernormal scale and proceed by five annual increments to maximavarying from £262 to £295. Trained assistant teachers, men and women, haverespectively fh e same normal scales as principal teachers, but their maxima inthe supernormal scale are £340 and £270 respectively.(2) Schools with an Average of 20-29 Pupils:The normal scale is £128, rising by fourteen annual increments of £8 andone of £6 to a maximum salary of £246. If highly efficient, the principal teachersof such schools are then eligible for five annual increments in the supernormalscale, making the maximum salary £262.

124,(3) Schools with an average of 10-19 Pupils:Scale £128 by £8 to £208.(4) Special Increments:Teachers while passing through the normal scale are eligible to receive,triennially, special increments for highly efficient service. The amount of theincrement is equal to the amount of the increment in the normal scale, whichwould be appropriate at the date as from which special increment is granted.(5) Untrained Teachers:The scale for untrained women teachers is £110 by annual increments of£4 to £131.(6) Special Qualifications.Teachers with special qualifications, and satisfying the regulations as to.efficiency, etc., are granted annual bonuses as follows :-(a) Teachers who have completed a three years' course of training or whohave obtained a Teaching Diploma by attendance at Universitylectures-s-I'S for men and £7 for women.(b) Graduates of a Univer sity and teachers holding the Higher Certificateof the Department-£16 for men and £13 for women.(c) Teachers holding the Higher Diploma-£25 for men and £20 for women.(d) Infant School Teachers with the Higher Froebel Certificate-£7.(7) Capitation Grants,PRIKCIPALS of Schools with an average annual attendance of thirty pupils orover receive an annual capitation grant of 8s. for each pupil in average attendanceup to a limit of 120 pupils, and capitation at the rate of 4s. per pupil oneach unit in excess of 120.VICE-PRINCIPALS may be recognised in schools with an average attendanceof 160 and receive a capitation grant of 4s. for each pupil in excess of 120 upto a limit of 280.A SECOND VICE-PRIXCIPAL may be recognised in a school of 320 pupils andreceive a capitation grant of 4s. for each pupil in excess of 280 up to a limit of440.SCHOOL-HOUSES AND TEACHERS' RESIDENCES.9. On the 30th June, 1935, there were 5,280 schools in operation, made upas follows :-Ordinary SchoolsConventMonasteryPoor Law UnionModelFosterage School]4,7843481241221TOTAL 5,280*t Viz ., Scoil na Leanbh, An Rinn, a residential school for children between7 and 14 years of age.* Included in the schools in operation on 30th June, 1935, were six schools,aided for Invalid, Blind, LJeaf and Dumb, or Crippled Children, viz., the OrthopaedicHospital X.S. (Dublin), St. j oscphs Cripples' Home Convent N.S.,Coole (Westmeath). St. Joseph's Blind Asylum Boys' N.S. (Dublin), St. Mary'sBlind Asylum Convent Girls' X.S. (Dublin), St. Mar y's (Orthopaedic Hospital)Convent'N..S,F'1I1gasI (Dublin),.and St. j osephs Deaf Mutes N.S., Cabra,(D ubl111).125'The number of schools in operation on 30th June, 1934 was 5,306. Therewas, accordingly, a decrease of 26 in the number of schools in operation duringthe year ended 30th June, 1935. The difference was made up as follows :--During the year ended 30th June, 1935, 24 new schools were brought into'operation, all of which were vested in Trustees. As against this, 50 schoolswere discontinued, due principally to the amalgamation of adjoining boys' andgirls' schools. One school became inoperative, and one inoperative schoolbecame operative during the year ended 30th June, 1935.In addition to the schools in operation on 30th June, 1935, 65 schools to whichbuilding grants had been made (mainly new schools to replace defective schools)were not completely built, and 32 other schools were, for various reasons, regardedas inoperative.VESTING OF SCHOOLS.10. Of the schools in operation on 30th June, 1935, about 2,925 were vestedschools, 2,486 vested in Trustees, 'and 439 in Commissioners; the remainder2,355, were non-vested.The non-vested schools include school-houses erected from funds locallyprovided, or, in a few instances, from loans available under the Act of 1884, 47 &48 Vic., cap. 22, and schools formerly vested, the leases of which have expired.BUILDING GRANTS.11. The erec:tian .and improvement of vested school premises are carried outunder the direction of the Office of Public ,,\'orks.12. The grants made during the year ended 31st March, 1935, were appor-.tioncd as followsNumberERECTION 'OF NEW VESTED SCHOOLHOUSES.of SchoolhousesNumber of pupils for which the new Schoolhouseswill afford accommodationAmount of Grant354,553£71,924 19(This amount includes supplemental grants towards the building of vested-schoolhouses in 14 cases which were s inctioned in previous years.)ENLARGEMENT, ETC.,OF EXISTIKG VESTED SCHOOLHOUSES.Number of Schoolhouses 36Number of pupils for which additional accommodationwill be provided .. 2,143Amount of Grant £37,776 3 7OTHER IMl'ROVE~IENTS .TO EXISl'lXG \'ESTED SCHOOLHOr.;SES.Number of Schoolhouses294Amount of Grant£43,479 15 0TOTAL GRAX'!'S £153,180 17 8In fifty-three cases of the erection and enlargement of school-houses, grantsamounting in the aggregate to £10,065 19s. 9d. in excess of the normal grantswere mad", as the schools are in needy and congested districts. Similarly inseventy-four improvement cases, grants in excess of the normal were sanctIOnedto the amount of £4,938 19s. 1O.c1.

126In fifteen cases where the erection of the new school-houses has been postponed,grants amounting to £308 12s. 7d. were made, with the sanction of theMinister for Finance. as an exceptional concession to meet a special emergency'towards works necessary to render the existing school-houses serviceable for sometime longer. The sum is included in the amount of the grants made towardsimproving existing vested schools.13. The instalments paid by the Office of Public Works on account of grantsfor the building and improvement of schools amounted, in the year ended 31stMarch, 1935, to £128,869 14s. J Id.14. The number of school-houses, the erection of which was completed duringthe period l st July, 1934, to 30t!1 June, 1935, was 4"8. The cost of these buildingswas £120,820 17s. 2d. There were 30 new school-houses in course of erection on.30th June, 1935.TEACHERS' RESIDENCES ..15. According to the returns received from the managers, there were teachers"residences connected with about 1,462 ordinary schools; of these, 950 wereprovided by grants or loans from State Funds.LOCAL AID TO TEACmNG STAFFS ..16. The local aid to the salaries of the teaching staffs amounted to about£2,346 Os. Se!. during the year ended 30th June, 1935.SCHOOL FEES,17. In about 10 schools, other than model schools, fees amounting to £131 3s. 2d.for instruction inside school hours were charged to pupils over 4 and under 16-years of age during the year ended 30th June, 1935, and 'Ill other schools were'free to such pupils.12718. 'The following is a general summary of the operative, building, anet inoperativeschools, on 30th June, 1934, and 30th June, 1935 :-Operative Schools InoperativeArea Schools Building+ Schools--- --- ---1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935- --- --- ---COUNTY BOROUGHS(Cities)Dublin .. .. .. 212 215 - 2 - -Cork .. ·. .. 38 38 2 2 - -Limerick .. .. 22 22 1 1 - -Waterford .. .. 13 13 - - - -COUNTIESCavan .. .. .. 227 226 - - - -Donegal .. .. .. 390 391 12 8 6 5Monaghan .. .. 161 159 2 - - -Clare .. .. .. 206 203 4 3 1 1Cork .. .. .. 550 544 6 2 2 2Kerry .. ·. .. 312 307 4 3 2 2Limerick .. .. 206 204 - 4 1 1Tipperary .. .. 272 271 - - 5 5Waterford .. .. 108 106 - - - -Carlow .. .. .. 64 64 1 - 2 2Dublin .. .. ... 121 122 1 - - -Kildare .. .. .. 97 97 - - - -Kilkenny .. .. .. 150 149 1 3 - -.Leix .. ... .. 103 103 - 2 1 1Longford".. .. 81 81 - 1 - -Louth .. .. .. 95 95 1 1 - -Meath .. .. .. 136 136 2 2 - --Offaly" ·. .. 114 113 4 5 - -Westmeath .. .. 118 118 1 1 - 1Wexford .. · . .. 154 153 5 4 3 3Wicldow" .. .. 117 117 - - 1 1Galway .. .. .. 364 363 4 5 1 1Leitrim .. .. .. 159 159 2 2 2 2Mayo .. .. .. 370 367 6 7 1 1Roscommon".. 182 181 2 2 2 2Sligo .. ·. .. 164 163 7 5 2 2- --- --- --- ---Totals .."5,306 5,280 68 65 32 32• In most cases these schools, when built, will supersede schools now operative.

128 12919. The following table shows for the last ten years-tal the number of .20. CLASSIFICATION.according to Average Daily Attendance for School Yearnational schools in operation. (b) the average number of pupils on the rolls, ended 30th June, 1935, of the National Schools in operation in Saorsta t(c) the average daily attendance, and (d) the percentage of the latter to the. Eireann on 30th June, 1935.average number on the rolls :-Number of Schools Convent andPercentage Average daily (other than Monastery Total NumberAverage of Average Attendance, Convent and Schools of SchoolsNumber of nnmber of Average Daily year ended Monastery Schools paid byYear Schools pupils daily Attendance 30th June, 1935 paid by Capitation) Capitationin on Attendance to Averageoperation Rolls Number onRolls L'nder 10 41 41(a) (b) (c) (d) 10-19 357 35720-29 313 31330-34 304 3051925-26 5.648 518.002 399,281 77.035-39 300 2 3021926-27 5.641 518,355 413,159* 79.7 40-49 927 2 92950-54 484 5 4891927-28 5,555 512,333 423,974 82.7SS-59 395 4 3991928-29 5,447 507.840 419.780 82.6 60-69 561 12 57370-79 343 11 3541929-30 5,401 504,427 420,941 83.480-89 256 1-1 2701930-31 5,378 502,393 416,723 82.9 90-94 93 9 10295-99 86 2 881931-32 5,361 503,017 417,017 82.9·100-109 110 9 1191932-33 5.334 504,521 422,489 83.7 110-119 46 20 66120-129 25 10 351933-34 5,306 502,661 422,266 84.0130-139 34 15 491934-35 5,280 492,893 413,262. 83.8 140-149 29 12 41150-159 16 13 29* School Attendance Act came into operation in whole of Saorstat Eirean n 160-199 50 45 95from Ist Januarv 1927. 200-239 32 35 67240-299 42 46 88300-359 16 23 39360-399 10 16 26400 and above 19 85 104Totals 4,889 391 5,280F

21. RETURNshowing for each County, and the County Boroughs of Cork, Dublin, Limerick, and Waterford the Number of National Schools inoperation. the Total Number of Pupils on Rolls. and the Religious Denominations of Pupils on Rolls on the 30th June, 1935.COUNTYTotal Number of Pupils on RollsNo. on 30th June, 1935. Religious Denominations of Pupils on RollsofSchools Church of Presby-Boys Girls Total Catholic Ireland terian Methodist Others TotalCavan .. "226 6,709 6,604 13,313 11.513 1,428 304 62 6 13,313Donegal .. .. 391 12,317 12,255 24,572 21,261 1,555 1.548 184 24 24,572Monaghan .. .. 159 5,601 5,461 ll,062 9,310 707 1,000 17 28 11.062Clare .. .. ., 203 7,863 7,839 15,702 15,656 45 1 - - 15,702cOf~ City .. .. 38 7,562 7,414 14,976 14,590 306 18 22 40 14,976ork County .. .. 54,* 21.366 21,254 42,620 41.406 1,143 3 48 20 42,620K, eflY .. 307 13,205 13,815 27,020 26,825 184 6 1 4 27,020imerick City .. 22 3,507 4,212 7,719 7,623 84 4 2 6 7,719~!~t,T.imerick County .. 204 8,637 8,640 17,277 17,162 80 1 34 - 17,277ipper~fY .. .. 211 11,724 11,413 23,137 22,675 406 1 30 25 23,IS7aterford City 13 2,406 2,637 5,043 4,996 38 - 3 Q 5,043W"waterford County .. 106 4,112 4,287 8,399 8,322 66 6 5 - 8,399low .. .. 64 3,031 2,828 5,859 5,473 381 1 4 5,859Dublin City .. .. 215 35,726 34,796 70,522 66,588 3,089 230 175 440 70,522Dublin County .. .. 122 6,830 7,082 13,912 13,182 686 28 11 5 13,912Kildare .. .. 97 4,639 4,586 9,225 8,910 282 12 7 14 9,225Kilkenny .. .. 149 6,209 6,105 12,314 12,051 244 3 2 14 12,314Laoighise .. .. 103 3,987 3,942 7,929 7,402 499 6 10 12 7,929Longford .. .. 81 3,188 3,209 6,397 6,126 232 14 22 3 6,397Louth .. .. 95 5,462 5,485 10,947 10,666 190 70 15 6 10,947Meath .. .. 136 5,074 5,042 10,116 9,898 211 2 - 5 10,116Offaly .. .. 113 4,554 4,653 9,207 8,847 324 13 19 4 9,207Westmeath .. .. 118 4,812 4,550 9,362 9,069 255 3 2 33 9,362....0:1....Wexford .. .. 153 7,402 7,558 14,960 14,437 , 502 10 7 4 14,960Wicklow .. .. 117 4,673 4,479 9,152 8,165 923 14 40 10 9,152Galway .. .. 363 15,287 15,549 30,836 30,663 149 14 8 2 30,836Leitrim .. .. 159 4,503 4,654 9,157 8,602 511 ·11 27 6 9,157Mayo .. .. 367 14,707 14,920 29,627 29,433 170 22 2 - 29,627Roscommon .. .. 181 6,882 7,253 14,135 14,032 94 7 2 - 14,135Sligo .. .. 163 5,659 5,673 11,332 10,824 456 28 10 14 11,332Totals .. .. 5,280 247,634 248,195 495,829 475,707 15,240 3,380 771 731 495,829

13313222 (a). RETURN showing, for the Year ended on the 30th June, 1935, the average Numberof Pupils on Rolls, the average Daily Attendance of all Pupils, and the Percentagesof average daily Attendance of all Pupils to average Number on Rolls for each Countyand County Borough.COUNTYAverage Number of Pupils Average Daily Attendance Percentageon the Rolls of all Pupils of averageattendanceto AverageNo. onBoys Girls Total Boys Girls Total RollsCavan ·. 6,695 6,565 13,260 5,458 5,399 10,857 81.8Donegal .. 12,294 12,106 24,400 10,032 10,003 20,035 82.1Monaghan ·. 5,432 5,477 10,909 4,413 4,505 8,918 81.7Clare ·. 7,771 7,718 15,489 6,384 6,373 12,757 82.4-Cork City · . 7,453 7,415 14,868 6,612 6,329 12,941 87.0Cork County .. 21,220 21,224 42,444 18,025 18,122 36,147 85.1Kerry .. 13,045 13:623 26,668 11,010 11,723 22,733 85.2Limerick City ., 3,438 4,209 7,647 2,935 3,471 6,406 83.7Limerick County 8,478 8,509 16,987 7,219 7,241 14,460 85.1Tipperary ·. 11,707 11,314 23,021 9,770 9,548 19,318 83.9Waterford City 2,358 2,673 5,031 2,081 2,299 4,380 87.0Waterford County 4,093 4,257 8,350 3,446 3,615 7,061 84.5Carlow .. 2,955 2,788 5,743 2,488 2,368 4,856 8·L5Dublin City ·. 36,059 35,461 71,520 31,054 30,092 61,146 85.4'Dublin County .. 6,681 6,980 13,661 5,606 5,777 11,383 83.3Kildare .. 4,661 4,604 9,265 3,834 3,808 7,642 82.4Kilkenny " 6,146 6,050 12,196 5,194 5,102 10,296 84.4Leix .. .. 3,925 3,915 7,840 3,319 3,321 6,640 84.6Longford ·. 3,216 3,178 6,394 2,568 2,567 5,135 80.3Louth ·. 5,424 5,406 10,830 4,616 4,569 9,185 84.8'Meath , . 4,998 4,923 9,921 4,141 4,111 8,252 83.1Offaly , . 4,533 4,624 9,157 3,824 3,915 7,739 84.5Westmeath .. 4,793 4,475 9,268 4,018 3,746 7,764 83.7Wexford .. 7,296 7,478 14,774 6,088 6,204 12,292 83.2'Wicklow·. 4,664 4,476 9,140 3,811 3,674 7,485 81.8Galway·. 15,158 15,307 30,465 12,480 12,684 25,164 83.5Leitrim .. 4,553 4,602 9,155 3,577 3,729 7,306 79.8Mayo · . 14,450 14,858 29,308 12,009 12,520 24,529 83.6·Roscommon·. 6,831 7,137 13,968 5,479 5,884 11,363 81.3Sligo.. 5,607 5,607 11,214 4,508 4,564 9,072 80.8Totals .. 245,934 246,959 492,893 205,999 207,263 413,262 83.8d d 30th June 1935, (a) the average number of22(b). RETURN showing, for the year en fee on Rolls: (b) the average daily attendancePupils over 6 and under 14 years 0 ag ttendance of such pupils to average. (c) the percentage of average aof such pupils, h C nty and County Borough.number onR 0lls for eac ouCOUNTY(c) PercentageofPupils over 6 and under 14 years(b) Average Daily average(a) Average number onattendanceattendanceRollsto averageTotal No.onRollsTotal Boys GirlsBoys Girls11,536 4,828 4,779 9,607 83.2Cavan .. .. 5,832 5,7048,860 8,664 17,524 83.010,397 21,102Donegal .. 10,7053,768 7,604 82.84,482 9,178 3,836Monaghan .. 4,6965,333 10,864 83.86,633 6,316 12,949 5,531Clare ..5,327 5,108 10,435 87.9Cork City .. 6,020 5,849 11,86930,320 86.217,746 17,419 35,165 15,278 15,042Cork County ..18,630 86.110,803 21,630 9,268 9,362Kerry .. 10,8272,759 5,261 83.02,925 3,406 6,331 2,502Limerick City ..14,296 6,187 6,068 12,255 85.7Limerick County 7,199 7,0978,422 7,965 16,387 84.5Tipperary .. 9,965 9,408 19,3733,431 88.11,896 1,995 3,891 1,660 1,771Waterford City6,073 85.33,448 3,548 6,996 2,998 3,075Waterford Co. ..;5,007 2,205 2,098 4,303 85.9-Carlow .. 2,586 2,42152,897 85.831,276 30,346 61,622 27,058 25,839Dublin City ..9,853 Ss .25,727 5,826 11,553 4,877 4,976Dublin Co. ..3,379 3,273 6,652 82.7Kildare .. 4,080 3,954 8,0344,787 10,043 4,490 4,126 8,616 85.7Kilkenny .. 5,2562,887 2,787 5,674 85.9Leix .. 3,395 3,206 6,6012,285 2,233 4,518 81.4Longford ., 2,812 2,734 5,5464,075 3,930 8,005 86.0Louth .. 4,720 4,588 9,308I .4,303 4,202 8,505 3,647 3,554 7,201 84.6Meath .,3,394 3,344 6,738 BU)Offaly .. 3,996 3,935 7,931Westmeath ,. 4,207 3,951 8,158 3,589 3,293 6,882 84.3Wexford 6,390 6,412 12,802 5,469 5,335 10,804 84.3..Wicklow ,. 4,103 3,891 7,994 3,380 3250 6,630 82.9Galway .. 12,966 12,570 25,536 10,864 10,566 21,430 83.9Leitrim .. 3,793 3,708 7,501 3,066 3,100 6,166 ~2.2 .Mayo .. 12,557 12,459 25,016 10,672 10,572 21,244 84.9Rosco=on .. 5,785 5,724 11,509 4,700 4,769 9,469 82.2·Sligo .. 4,698 4,572 9,270 3,847 3,787 7,634 82.3-Totals .. 210,542 205,710 416,252 178,581 174,526 353,107 84.8-

23.-TABLE SHOWING THE AGES AND SEX OF PUPILS ON THE ROLLS OF NATIONAL SCHOOLS ON THE 30TH JUNE, 1935.Boys.4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 yearsbut but but but but but but but but but but but andCOUNTY under under under under under under under under under under under under above Total5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 year. 16 yearsCavan .. 232 503 671 700 734 731 740 750 746 578 240 70 14 6,709onegal ., 471 832 1,210 1,314 1,337 1,327 1,358 1,386 1,318 1,090 529 118 27 12,317onaghan .. 221 413 537 586 586 615 637 609 580 517 235 56 9 5,601lare .. 262 597 771 818 831 774 878 890 801 702 395 120 24 7,863:ork City .. 364 699 759 763 748 798 848 775 777 669 298 50 14 7,562:ork County .. 724 1,520 1,936 2,226 2,178 2,146 2,269 2,245 2,345 2,004 1,256 402 115 21,366[{erry .. 561 1,052 1,252 1,281 1,305 1,250 1,407 1,356 1,421 1,178 757 302 83 13,205.imerick City .. 195 319 316 341 308 407 367 394 367 308 142 35 8 3,507.imerick County 261 588 848 864 869 923 937 1,004 933 709 459 150 92 8,637lipperary · . 441 894 1,122 1,196 1,117 1,272 1,388 1,326 1,247 1,004 528 155 34 11,724aterford City .. 169 219 224 232 274 237 264 238 225 191 82 35 16 2,406aterford County 220 350 437 406 417 429 458 462 437 299 153 31 13 4,112arlow .. 150 195 318 315 274 305 361 356 341 266 115 31 4 3,031ublin City .. 1,199 2,863 3,928 3,896 3,830 3,974 4,072 3,931 3,810 3,030 l,015 143 35 35,726iublin County .. 294 592 797 811 736 736 733 691 690 499 208 40 3 6,830iIdare .. 148 321 473 500 484 536 552 500 478 433 146 53 15 4,639.ilkenny .. 281 444 601 659 601 684 716 689 674 545 257 48 10 6,209aoighise · . 181 297 434 358 411 475 394 448 431 343 154 46 15 3,987ongford .. 101 210 302 384 355 302 350 352 364 275 152 30 11 3,188outh · . 202 404 497 518 551 618 596 664 639 534 192 35 12 5,462eath · . 182 344 516 471 509 529 621 589 532 505 228 46 2 5,074faly .. t69 328 446 514 508 452 536 501 471 405 172 44 8 4,554estmeath ·. 147 356 463 540 572 512 570 521 516 376 195 37 7 4,812Texford · . 206 443 728 858 767 842 921 860 829 622 273 42 11 7,402'icklow .. 126 273 459 520 522 507 536 547 494 398 237 47 7 4,673alway .. 599 1.180 1,525 1,614 1,612 1,563 1,664 1,687 1,574 1,303 693 224 49 15,287eitrim .. 189 378 421 461 448 44' 459 490 478 379 241 83 29 4,503ayo .. 564 1,118 1,487 1,533 1,468 1,573 1,604 1,609 1,576 1,405 574 156 40 14,707scommon .. 395 544 710 715 679 741 740 730 688 568 277 76 19 6,882igo .. 307 475 571 541 546 591 593 644 615 449 232 80 15 5,659Totals .. 9,561 18,751 24,759 25,935 25,577 26,296 27,569 27,244 26,397 21,584 10,435 2,785 741 247,634GIRLS.4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 yearsbut but but but but but but but but but but but andCOUNTY under under under under under under under under under under under under above Total5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 yearsan .. 242 494 651 668 714 691 706 746 709 590 283 84 26 6,604egal .. 439 918 1,204 1,247 1,177 1,336 1,317 1,292 1,319 1,121 599 207 79 12,255aghan .. 271 467 503 539 538 557 533 562 560 502 265 91 73 5,461'e .. 304 632 766 783 846 760 784 806 786 687 386 199 100 7,839City .. 366 618 661 739 752 792 748 764 748 594 351 187 94 7,414r County .. 717 1,534 1,944 2,066 2,113 2,112 2,182 2,218 2,169 1,904 1,280 677 338 21,254ry ., 590 1,040 1,281 1,252 1,403 1,272 1,369 1,379 1,320 1,220 832 530 327 13,815erick City .. 248 377 506 452 352 417 417 390 345 347 194 108 59 4,212erick County 278 568 809 927 893 909 908 878 886 725 447 234 178 8,640lerary .. 548 879 1,119 1,154 1,217 1,174 1,149 1,208 1.138 950 532 239 106 11,413erford City 198 241 238 254 259 204 273 255 240 200 130 68 77 2,637erford County 195 340 439 393 452 473 452 491 421 342 178 86 25 4,:l87ow .. 78 178 253 298 314 345 334 322 276 242 128 49 11 2,828in City .. 1,341 2,739 3.796 3,983 3,808 3,782 4,049 3,699 3,374 2,904 969 263 89 34,796lin County .. 269 563 743 746 766 749 755 717 660 637 338 97 42 7,082.are .. 136 294 484 499 459 504 506 533 477 372 205 84 33 4,586:enny .. 293 472 573 629 581 596 597 592 590 555 338 181 108 6,105ighise .. 146 327 399 382 418 412 451 403 389 313 186 79 37 3,942ford .. 110 226 306 324 331 362 343 363 321 300 145 59 19 3,209th .. 218 441 532 517 564 600 560 587 594 539 233 60 40 5,485th .. 189 341 496 534 542 558 544 529 496 440 270 72 31 5,0421y .. 147 364 430 462 448 462 50, 503 462 433 284 102 48 4,653;tmeath .. 173 310 470 441 473 465 485 502 522 387 224 76 22 4,550dord .. 227 508 705 815 791 886 833 811 757 651 367 136 71 7,558klow 116 302 407 478 489 551 522 491 434 408 214 52 15 4,479way .. 631 1,186 1,548 1,587 1,586 1,513 1,585 1,518 l,482 1,332 897 449 235 15,549.rim .. 224 394 420 436 499 465 466 408 457 370 278 116 61 4,654to .. 590 1,074 1,421 1,491 1,464 1,500 1,592 1,586 1,543 1,333 792 390 144 14,920common 379 558 668 736 698 781 695 726 671 571 430 213 127 7,253;0 .. 321 490 540 535 522 547 601 593 542 502 278 118 84 5,673otals .. 9,984 18,875 24,312 25,367 25,469 25,775 26,264 25,932 24,688 21,471 12,053 5,306 2,699 248,195- ..

18826 sco rte.ann.e, 'n.o, murnce.e.n S.o.C .o.Ul).o.R let$tnn CRiD .o.n"s.o.eulls·r'oR- .o.R .6-" 30.6-u mel-Ce.6-m, 1935 .$.6-e1,c.6-ccre U-C.6-1R bRe.6-C-S.6-etc.6-cc 5.6-e1,c.6-cc S.6-1,1,C.6-CCc.6-oA" .. .. - - - 1ClR CO".6-1U .. 60 12 4 5mU1ne.6.c..o.n .. - - - 4clAR .. .. - 1 13 12CORC.6-1S .. .. 6 7 15 37CMRR41se .. .. 15 12 21 21Lutmneo.c .. .. - - - 25clObR411) '&R4"" .. - - - 10PORctA1Rse .. 1 2 4 3Ce.6--C.6-R1,.6-C · . · . - - - 1.

14028. RETURN showing the number of pupils, aged 14 years or over on theRolls on 30th June, 1935, and the Standards in which such pupils wereenrolled.14129.-RETURN showing for the year ended 30th June, 1935, the average dailyattendance of pupils over 14 years of age, for each County and CountyBorough.FifthSeventhStandard Sixth StandardCOUNTY or under Standard or over TotalCOUNTYAverage Daily AttendanceBoys Girls Total--- --- --- --- --- ---Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls--- --- --- --- --- ---Cavan · . · . 76 61 118 135 130 197 717Donegal · . 154 138 195 227 325 520 1,559Monaghan .. 83 63 98 126 119 240 729Clare · . · . 114 97 188 192 237 396 1,224Cork City .. 141 116 136 130 85 386 .994Cork County · . 401 314 584 587 788 1,394 4,068Kerry ·. · . 265 146 342 338 535 1,205 2,831Limerick City · . 51 87 102 80 32 194 546Limerick County · . 167 121 201 214 333 524 1,560Tipperary · . 191 171 311 268 215 438 1,594'Waterford City · . 44 47 46 68 43 160 408Waterford County .. 55 59 75 115 67 115 486Carlow · . · . 43 42 54 67 53 79 338Dublin City · . 397 248 543 444 253 629 2,514Dublin County · . 98 III 90 152 63 214 728Kildare 54 63 76 86 84 173 536Kilkenny · . 93 81 116 135 106 411 942Laoighise · . 54 69 81 93 80 140 517Longford · . 42 39 62 81 89 103 416Louth · . · . 76 45 76 115 87 173 572Meath ·. · . 89 67 86 93 101 213 649Offaly · . · . 55 87 74 121 95 226 658Westmeath · . 71 60 83 97 85 165 561Wexford .. 124 75 123 169 79 330 900Wicklow .. 103 79 107 95 81 107 572Galway .. 277 273· 303 444 386 864 2,547Leitrim .. 80 48 119 115 154 292 808Mayo · . · . 227 193 240 380 303 753 2,096Roscommon · . 90 101 120 205 162 464 1,142Sligo · . · . 69 42 103 126 155 312 807--- --- --- --- --- --- ----Cavan . , · . · . · . 205 251 456Donegal · . · . · . 453 598 1,051I\,Ionaghan · . · . .. 170 311 481Clare · . · . · . 325 487 812. .Cork City · . · . · . 344 531 875Cork County · . ·. · . 1,233 1,679 2,912Kerry . . · . · . · . 807 1,364 2,171Limerick City ·. · . ., 133 286 419Limerick County · . · . 552 676 1,228Tipperary · . .. .. 481 617 1,098Waterford City · . · . · . 77 230 307Waterford County · . .. 139 222 361Carlow ·. · . · . 87 127 214· .Dublin City ·. · . · . 934 833 1,767Dublin County · . · . · . 150 332 482Kildare ·. · . · . 144 233 377Kilkenny ·. · . 212 448 660Laoighise ·. .. · . 141 226 367Longford ·. ·. · . 122 149 271Louth · . .. .. .. 169 280 449Meath · . ·. · . · . 184 231 415Offaly · . · . · . · . 145 279 424Westmeath · . · . · . 167 236 403Wexford ·. · . · . 256 394 650Wicklow · . · . · . 172 194 366Galway ·. · . · . 666 1,098 1,764Leitrim· . .. · . 220 299 519Mayo" ·. .. · . 578 967 1,545Roscommon · . · . · . 290 558 848Sligo .. ·. · . 233 338 571· .Totals .. · . 9,789 14,474 24,263Totals .. 3,784 3,143 4,852 5,498 5,325 11,417 34,019

MODEL142SCHOOLS.30. The number of Model School establishments in operation on 30th June.1935, was 15. These contained 22 separate departments. each in operation withits own distinct staff and organization.The average number of pupils on the Rolls of the Model Schools for the yearended 30th June, 1935, was 4,483.The average daily attendance of pupils at these Schools for the year ended30th June. 1935. was 3.749.The percentage of the average daily attendance of pupils for the year to theaverage number on the Rolls was 83.6.The Staff of the Model Schools on the 30th June. 1935. consisted of 22 PrincipalTeachers. 11 Vice-Principals. 72 Assistant Teachers, and 1 Teacher of specialsubjects.The following table shows (a) the religious denominations of the Pupils ODthe Rolls of the several Model Schools on the 30th June. 1935; (b) the averagenumber on the Rolls; and (c) the average daily attendance :-(b)Average(c)Average(a) PUPILS ONROELS ON 30TH J.l!TNlt.b9S6 Number Dailyon Rolls Attend-Model Schools for ance for--- --------- ------ Year Yearended endedCath. C. of], Pnes, Meth.. Others T0tal 30/6/'35 30/6/'35---- --- --- --- --- -Central Dublin 1,781 4i I! - 4' 1.790 1.866 1.604West Dublin 918 - - - - 918 959 783Athy .. - 37- 112 I 4 54 50 40Bailieborough - 28, 19 4J 11 52 53 46Clonmel .. - 17 1 - 11 19 19 15-!Cork .. 327 - - - 1 328 345 295-Dunmanway - 50 - - - 50 50 42Enniscorthy •• - 75 5 - - 80 72 57Kilkenny .. - 54 3 - 2: 59 60 52Limerick .. 419 1 - - - 4'20 430 352Monaghan .. 5 98 96 s 11 205 209 166Parsons town - 40 3 7 - 50 53 44Sligo .. - 101 22 5 41 1'32 134 112Trim .. 122 1 - - - 1'23 131 96Waterford .. - 37 - - $: 45 52 45-,------ --- --- --- '---..--- --- --- --- --- iTotal 3.572 543 162 22 26 4.325!4,483 3.749'!82.6 12.5 3.8 0.5 0.6'--y83.6Percentage ofPercentage of Total Number on Rolls average attendanceto averagenumber on Rolls100~ I --'148CONVENT AND MONASTERY SCHOOLS.31. The number of these Schools, and the attendances (excluding pupilswho were paid for by the Industrial Schools Branch) for the year ended 30thjune.M1935, were as follows i+-Classof School---------------..Paid solely by CapitatienAverageNumber of Number of AverageSchools Pupils Dailyon Rolls Attendanceonvent .. .. 316 105,391 88.831onastery .. .. .. 75 25,113 22.382TOTAL .. .. .. 391 130.504 111,213Paid by Personal Salaries. &c.AverageClass of School Number of Number of AverageSchools Pupils on DailyRolls Attendanceonvent .. .. .. 32 5,749 4.920Monastery .. .. .. 49 9,164 8.011TOTAL .. .. .. 81 14.913 12.931Excluding pupils paid for by the Industrial Schools Branch. the averagenumber of pupils on the Rolls of the Convent and Monastery National Schoolsfor the year ended 30th June. 1935, was 145,417.The average daily attendance at these Schools for the year was 124.144 .The percentage of the daily average attendance of pupils to the average numberon the Rolls was 85.3.., d M tery Schools is partlyThe teaching power m some Convent an onas. . t d as Lay Assistants aremade up of Lay ASSistants. * All persons now appom e. .., I d RegulatIOns for Nationalrequired to be qualified as such under the Ru es an'Schools. . d. . f the minimum recognIseLay ASSistants who are included as members 0 I 1 .. . are paid persona sa anes'Staff of the School as required by the Regulations. . .. . d' the amount of Capitationby the Department-an adjustment bemg ma e In-Grant paid to a school in which such Lay Assistants are employed.. J 1935 in receipt of personal* The number of Lay Assistants on 30th une, •salari f thi D 764 (C ent Schools 514. Monastery Schools,""1 nes rom S epartment was onv250).

14432.-SUMMARY OF CONVENT AND MONASTERY NATIONAL SCHOOLS;ACCORDING TO RELIGIOUS ORDERS ON 30th .TUNE, 1935.CONVENT NATIONAL SCHOOLS.SchoolsSchools paid byReligious Order paid by Personal TotalCapitation Salaries,&c.Sisters of Mercy .. .. .. 153 14 167Presentation .. .. .. · . 61 8 69Sisters of Charity .. .. .. 31 - 31St. Louis .. .. .. .. 4 8 12.Loreto .. .. .. .. 10 1 11St. John of God .. .. · . 8 - 8Holy Faith .. .. .. .. 17 - 17Sacred Heart .. . . ·. 4 - 4Sisters of St. Clare .. .. ·. 3 1 4Brigidine .. .. .. · . 6 - 6Cross and Passion .. .. .. 1 - 1Dominican .. .. .. .. 3 - 3Immaculate Conception .. .. 2 - 2Ursuline .. .. .. .. 3 - 3Faithful Companions of Jesus .. .. 2 2St. Joseph .. .. .. .. 1 - 1Marist .. .. .. .. 2 - ZPoor Servants of the Mother of God andthe Poor .. . . .. 1 - 1Jesus and Mary . . .. .. 1 - 1De La Sainte Union .. .. .. 1 - 1"St. J oseph of Cluny .. .. ·. 1 - 1Daughters of the Heart of Mary .. 1 - 1Total Convent National Schools .. 316 32 348MONASTERY NATIONALSCHOOLS.SchoolsSchools paid byReligious Order paid by Personal TotalCapitation Salaries&c.Brothers of the Christian Schools,(De La SaJle) .. .. .. - 18 18.. .. .. ..'. .. .. ..'. .. .. .... .. .. .. - 4 4Brothers .. .. .. 73 - 7·3Presentation :! 9 11Franciscan - 11 11PatricianMarist- 7 7ChristianTotal Monastery National Schools .. 75 49 124145INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL CmLDREN ATTENDING NATIONALSCHOOLS.*33. In addition to the Baltimore Fishery Industrial National School, therewere 22 National Schools attended by children from Industrial Schools (certifiedunder the Industrial Schools Act). The number of these pupils on the rolls on30th June, 1935, was 1,436 (178 boys and 1,258 girls); and the average dailyattendance for these pupils was 1,379 (170 boys and 1,209 girls). These industrialschool children are instructed in the same manner as the ordinary day pupilsof the national schools; but payment for their instruction is made only by theIndustrial Schools Branch.PUPILTEACHERS.34. The number of Pupil Teachers serving on 30th June, 1935, was:-Boys Girls TotalFirst Year . . .. .. 30 41 71Second Year .. .. . . 19 48 67TOTALS . . 49 89 138The number of Pupil Teachers declared eligible for training in 1935 was :_Boys Girls Total19 48 67ANNUALEXAMINATIONS •35. Candidates (other than Preparatory College students and Pupil Teachers)for admission to the Training Colleges, candidates for appointment as temporaryuntrained assistant teachers and junior assistant mistresses are summoned to aPre~minary Examination at Easter and if successful are admitted to the LeavingCertificars examination in the following June.The numbers examined at Easter, 1935, were as follows :_~and~dates for Training . . . . . . . .andI~ate Untrained Assistant Teachers and Junior AssistantMistressesStudents in T . .Total741rammg are examined at midsummer.The follOWingis the numbStUdents at the endof th .er of persons examined at midsummer,1935.-.err COurse of Training.. . . 348• In addition to the national sch .Schools attend daily th I ools Where children from certain Industrial.. , e nspectors of th .Inspection and examination of tb. e Prunary Branch now undertake theand Industrial Schools in Saors~"t';'. literary subjects in all of the Reformatory• LCt cIreauu Thotherwise connected with the P . . ese latter Schools are not, however,institutions for the insttucti ~mary Branch, provision being made in theon0 the children on the premises.505236

146The following examinations were also held during the year ended 30th June1935 :- Number ofCandidates2,232Examination for certificates in Irish (March, 1935) ..Examination for entrance to Preparatory Colleges (April.1935)Examination for Scholarships to Secondary and VocationalSchools (April. 1935) . . .. .. .• . .Examination for Primary School Certificates (June, 1935) ..PREPARATORYCOLLEGES.1,4461.59010,99836. At the examination for places in these Colleges, held in 1935, 499 boysand 947 girls attended. The numbers admitted to the Colleges as a result ofthe examination were 81 boys and 94 girls.The following table shows the number of students in residence in the Collegesfor the School~ear 1935-36 :-College Situation Manager(1) Colaiste Caoimhin,for Catholic Boys.(2) Colaiste Moibhi, forProtestant Boysand Girls.(3) Colaiste Ide, forCatholic Girls.GlasnaoidheanPairc an FhionnUisce.Baile an Ghoilin,Daingean UiChuise, Co.Ciarraighe,His Grace the MostRev. E. J. Byrne,D.D., Archbishopof Dublin.His Grace the MostRev. J. A. F. Gregg,D.D., Archbishopof Dublin.The Most Rev. M.O'Brien, D.D.,Bishop of Kerry.StudentsResidenceinBoys Girls117 --9 409937. TRAINING COLLEGES. *Number ofStudentsfor which at.'Date from presentName of CollegeManagerwhich licensedrecognisedMen Women--" St. Patrick's" (Drum- His Grace the Most Rev. I Sept., 1883 150condra, Dublin). E. Byrne, D.D., Archbishopof Dublin."Our Lady of Mercy" Do. I Sept., 1883 - 240(Carysfort Park, Blackrock,Co. Dublin.)•• Church of Ireland" His Grace the Most Rev. I Sept., 1884 10 65(Kildare Place,Dublin) J. A. F. Gregg, D.D.,;Archbishop of Dublin.•• De la Salle " (Water- The Most Rev. J. Kinane, 1 Sept., 1891 180ford). D.D., Bishop of Waterfordand Lismore."Mary Immaculate" The Most Rev. D. Keane, 1 Sept..; 1901 - 100(Limerick) . D.D., Bishop of Lim- --erick. 340 405~Tota I 74514738. The following Table shows the number of persons admitted to the TrainingColleges in 1935.(FOR MEN)"St. Patrick's"•• Church of Ireland "•• De la Salle "One year'sCourse+Two years'Course58272(4) Colaiste Brighde Falcarrach.for Catholic Girls.(5) Colaiste Muire, forCatholic Girls.(6) Colaiste naMumhan, forCatholic Boys.(7) Colaiste Einne,for Catholic Boys.Tuir Mhic Eadaigh,Co. Mhuigheo.Magh-Ealla(Temporarypremises).Glasnaoidhean,Baile Atha Cliath(Temporarypremises).The Most Rev. W.MacNeely, D.D.,Bishop of Raphoe.His Grace the MostRev. T. P. Gilmartin,D.D., Archbishopof Tuam.The Most Rev. R.Browne, D.D.,Bishop of Cloyne.689999The Most Rev. T. 54 -O'Doherty, D.D., -- --Bishop of Galway. 248 3a7~.-lTotal 585(FOR WOMEN)" Our Lady of Mercy"" Church of Ireland ,.•• Mary Immaculate"TOTAL 1 132"--_---y-- __.-l133TOTAL.. 1 101.. -- 20.. - 58.. 1 179l~-- Y- ----J180• In addition to the Training Colleges indicated above th t .. .members of the Order of Christian Brothers in St. Ma' ,e Tral.~g given to.Marino,D blin . . ed b~. ,~s rec.odgnts y the Departmentry Sand a modifiedra.uung ceugrant in ege,of such ~ IS pal to the authorities of the Order respectt The Candidates admitted to the one year's course of '.Graduates who had obtained an Hono d tralUlng were University'. UTS egree, or a Pas d .Honours HIgher DIploma in Education. S egre- WIth an•••

148,39.-STUDENTS IN TRAINING-SESSION 1934-1935,---ORDINARY COURSE.No. of First Year'sStudents No. in Examination of Finalat com- College Students ExaminationName of College mence- at closement of of No. Ex- No. No. Ex- No.Session Session amined Passed amined Passed1934-35MEN'H St. Patrick's " .. 127 124 59 56 65 57H Church of Ireland •• 7 7 4 4 3 3" De la Salle •• .. 162 146 71 68 75 72Total (Men) .. 296 277 134 128 143 132WOMEN"Our Lady of Mercy" *248 *244 123 123 121 105" Church of Ireland '" 52 52 27 26 25 20H Mary Immaculate •• t103 P01 42 35 59 58Total (Women) 403 397 192 184 205 183UNIVERSITY149GRADUATES.41. The number of University Graduates in the service on 30th June, 1935 was;Men Women TotalPrincipals .. .. 215 56 271Assistants .. .. 197 202 399Total .. 412 258 670IRISH QUALIFICATIONS OF TEACHERS.42. The following are the particulars of the qualifications in Irish of all Teachersserving in National Schools on 30th June, 1935 :-Without any CertificateWith Ordinary CertificateWith Bilingual CertificateWith Ard-Teastas2,8484,6286,015922TOTAL .. 14,413This includes about 800 Supernumerary Teachers serving in Convent andMonastery National Schools paid by Capitation.The following Table shows the results of the examination for Certificatesin Irish, held in March, 1935:-Total (Men andWomen) .. 699 674 326 312 348 315NumberExaminedNumberwho PassedOrdinary CertificateBilingual Certificate.\rd-Teastas3311,4944079946931TRAINED AND UNTRAINED TEACHERS.40. The following table shows the number of trained and untrained principal,assistant and lay assistant teachers in the service on 30th June, 1935 :-MENWOMEN- ----- ----- TOTALTrained Untrained Trained UntrainedPrincipals 2,831 36 ~,930 97 4,894Assistants 895 69 2,617 737 4,318Lay Assistants 250 374 140 764-----Total 3,976 105 4,921 974 9,976The number of teachers in the service on 30th June, 1935, who had completeda third year course of training was :_Men348,. Includes 4 extern students.t Includes 2 extern students.Women63Total411SPECIAL GRANTS FOR THE TEACHING OF EXTRA SUBJECTS.43. The following Return shows the number of National Schools in whichspecial grants were paid for instruction given in Cookery, Laundry Work orDomestic Economy in the school years ended 30th June, 1934, and 30th June,1935, and the amounts paid within the financial years 1933-34 and 1934-35.(As a general rule grants in respect of instruction given in a particular schoolyear, ended on 30th June, are paid in the financial year ended on the 31st Marchnext following.)Number of Schools paidBranch Special Grants in respect Amount of grants paidof School Year within financial year *1933-34 1934-35 1933-34 1934-35£ s. d. £ s. d.cookery .. ..411 } 391 }Laundry Work .. 119"119 . ·16,OI.! 1 5 6,736 1Domestic Economy .. 2* The amount paid m the financial year 1933-34 incl d d £106 9. tru ti . Co k u e s. Id. for1DS c Ion tu. 0 ery, Laundry Work or Domestic E '.. .' conomy m SIX TechnicalSchools and the amount paid m the financial year 1934-35' 1 d d £"1 . tr . . . mc u e 11614s 10dfor SIIDIar ms uction In SIX Technical Schools. . .21

150THE REID BEQUEST.44. Under the Reid Bequest Scheme for the advancement of Education in theCounty Kerry awards are made from the funds at this Department's disposalto six of the most efficient National Schools attended by boys in the CountyKerry for the purpose of assisting boys of limited means to attend the schoolsmore effectually, by providing them with books and clothes, or by the paymentof money for their use and benefit. The schools are selected triennially by theDivisional Inspector, with the approval of this Department.The following Table shows the six schools selected for the triennial periodwhich commenced on 1st July, 1932, and the amount allocated to each schoolin respect of the school year 1934-35.Amount allocatedRoll School Manager for School YearNo. 1934-35£ s. d_7446 Morley's Bridge Rev. John Cahill, P.P .. 11 17 411146 Kilvicadonig .. V. Rev. J. Canon Browne, 33 10 8:P.P., V.F.12504 Lougher .. .. Rev. T. J. Lyne, Adm ... 23 4 4-13481 Callinafercy .. Rev. D. Linehan, P.P. 21 13 413938 Mein .. .. Rev. W. J. Byrne, P.P. 15 0 316290 St. Ita's, Bally- Rev. N. Browne, P.P ... 20 2 5·ferriter151-"5. 'CARLISLE .AND lILAKE PREMIUMS.THE 'C:ARLISLE AND BLAKE PREMIUM FUND..~--~1. The National Education Commissioners are empowered to allocate to-the teachers of ordinary National Schools the interest accruing from certain'funds at their disposal in premiums, to be called "The Carlisle and BlakePremiums." Teachers of Model Schools, Convent Schools, or other special'Schools are not-eligible for these premiums.2. The interest from the accumulated funds available for premiums is dis--tributed every year in premiums "to the two most deserving principal teachersin each of the seven Inspectorial Divisions in Saorstat Eireann, subject to thefollowingconditions:-(a) rthat the average attendance and the regularity of the attendance of-the pupils are satisfactory ;(b) that .a 'fairproportion of the pupils has pa-ssed in the higher standards;(c) that, 'if a boys' or mixed school, taught by a master in a rural district,the elements of the sciences underlying agriculture are fairly taughtto the boys of the senior -standards ; and, if a girls' school (rural ortown), needlework is carefully .attended to;,(d) that the state of the school has been reported during the previous twoyears as satisfactory in respect of efficiency, moral tone, order,cleanliness, discipline, school records, supply of requisites and observanceof the rules.'3. No teacher is eligible for a premium more frequently than once in five years.I(lARLISLE AND BLAKE PREMIUMS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30th JUNE,1935.(Amount of each Premium-£8 8s. Od.)Divi- Roll Narne of School Name of Priucipalsion County Ko. Teacher1 Sligo .. 11,774 Cloonagh .. ·. Mrs. Margaret Swords1 Sligo · . 13,277 Ballinacarrow · . John F. Devaney2 Longford · . 14,436 Carndough ·. Mrs. Mary E. Casey2 Monaghan .. 16,022 Edenmore · . Stephen McPhillips3 Clare · . 14,238 Gortown · . Matthew McInerney3 Mayo · . 4,828 Ballindine G. ·. Mrs. Mary E. Stack4 Kilkenny 796 Freshford B. · . Thomas Frisby4 Wicklow 14,490 Davidstown ·. Miss Rosanna '¥alshe5 Offaly · . 5,748 Island Parish ·. John Moran5 Laoighise · . 13,136 Cullohill B. Patrick Rhatigan6 Clare · .· . 13,730 Clohanes Michael Blake6 ..Kerry·.· . 16,2907St. Ita's Edward KeaneWaterford .. · .15,5417 CorkBallyduff G. · . Mrs. Bridget Prior· . 13,712Blackpool B. · . Callaghan J. O'Herlih y

152PRIMARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION.46. RETURN relating to the Number of Schools from which Pupils were presented forthe Primary School Certificate Examination in June, 1935, and theNumber of Pupils so presented.No. ofPercentageschools No. of Percentage No. of No. of of pupils inin County scbools of schools Pupils Pupils 6th and higherCOU~TY (excluding presenting presenting in 6tb presented standardsInfant pupils for pupils for and higher for presented forscbools) examination examine lion standards" examination examination.Car low · . 63 10 15.8 618 144 23.3Cavan · . 226 42 18.5 1,607 167 10.3Clare · . 202 47 23.2 2,265 343 15.1Cork City ·. 34 30 88.2 1,676 574 34.2Cork County .. 537 96 17.8 6,673 851 12.7Donegal · . 390 ,18 12.3 3,142 293 9.3Dublin Citv .. 172 85 49.4 6,068 2,168 35.7Dublin County 116 40 34.4 1,196 291 24.3Galway · . 362 85 2:3.4 4,306 718 16.6E:erry · . 303 62 20.4 4,641 751 16.1Kildare · . 96 20 20.8 999 143 14.3Kilkenny ·. 144 39 27.0 1,641 253 15.,1Leitrim · . 158 44 27.8 1,329 193 14.5Laoighise · . 101 11 10.8 926 112 12.0Limerick City 16 12 75.0 804 254 31.5Limerick Co. 201 29 14.4 2,396 226 9.4Longford · . 81 16 19.7 778 99 12.7Louth · . 93 11 11.8 1,29,1 120 9.2:VIayo · . 363 43 11.8 3,931 521 13.2~1eath · . 134 16 1l.9 1,233 169 13.7Monaghan · . 156 23 14.7 1,374 135 9.8Offaly · . 113 23 20.3 1,153 207 17.9Roscommon 180 50 27.7 2,147 281 13 .0Sligo · . 161 27 16.7 1,766 209 11.8Tipperary · . 268 47 17.5 2,754 529 19.2WaterfordCity · . 12 10 83.3 647 196 30.2'Waterford Co. 105 17 16.1 928 135 14.5'Westmeath .. 116 36 31.0 1,066 253 23.7Wexford .. 153 33 21.5 1.605 370 23.0Wicklow · . 116 34 29.3 779 193 24.7TOTAL · . 5.172 1,086 20.9 61.742 10.998 17.8·Some of the pupils in these standards have already qualified for certificates,

TEACHERS I PENSIONS AND GRATUITmS.47. On 31st December, 1934, the Pensions granted in An Saorstat were as follows :-MEN WOMEN TOTALNo. £ No. £ No. £--Total payable on 31st December, 1933 .. .. . . .. 1,073 161,160 1,451 155,535 2,524 316,695Pensions granted during year ended 31st December, 1934:-On Disablement .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 727 10 930 16 I,G57On Ordinary Retirement .. ·. ·. .. · . 74 13,713 96 I I ,545 170 25,258On Retirement owing to Inefficiency · . .. ·. 7 R73 1 49 8 922Increases under Pensions (Increase) Act, 1920, and the Superannuation andPensions Act, 1923 (Section 6) · . · . .. · . - - 2 52 2 52TOTAL ·. .. .. ·. 1,160 176,473 1,558 168,111 2,718 344,584Pensions ceased during the year ended 31st December, 1934, through death 78 10,431 78 7,833 156 18,264Reduction of Increases granted under Pensions Increase Act, 1920 .. 2 13 - - 2 13Pensions ceased on re-appointment .. .. .. .. - - - - - -TOTAL ·. .. .. .. 78 10,444 78 7,833 156 18,277Pensions payable on 31st December, 1934 .. .. .. ·. 1,082 166,029 1,480 160,278 2,562 326,307The figures in italics do not affect the number of pensioners.

15~15549. STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE FROM PUBLIC FUNDS ON PRIMARYEDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1935.ServiceExpenditureINCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF THE TEACHERsr PENSION FUND •.48. The following statement relative to the Pension Fund has been furnishedlby the Teachers' Pension Office:-The Income and Expenditure of the Teachers' Pension Fund during thequarter ended 31st March, 1934, when the fund was wound. up, were asfollows:-Income :- £. s, e. £ s. d.Half-years' Interest on £886,600 13;299 0 0Interest on Stock .. 11,433 1 11Premiums paid by Teachers 24,459 0 649,191 2 5·Expenditure :-Pensions paid to TeachersPremiums refunded on Resignation or DeathExcess of Expenditureover IncomeAmount realised by sale of £26,550 stockCash Balance on 1st January, 1934Excess of Expenditure over Income (as above).. 79,753 185,163 1295----- 84,917 11 235,726 8 9-.. 29,298 17 67,262 19 10----- 3,6561 17 435,726 8 9Cash Balance on 31st March, 1934 835 8 7TRAINING COLLEGES:Training Collegesunder Private ManagementRepayable Advances of Training College Fees toStudentsPreparatory CollegesPupil TeachersExaminations£ s. d.55,154 6 53,960 8 838,082 3 62,129 9111,286 2 0'NATIONAL SCHOOLS:Principals, Assistants, etc., in Ordinary and Model Schoolsand Teachers of Schools paid by Capitation 3,192,673 13'MODEL SCHOOLS (Miscellaneous Expenses)Van and Boat Services..Incidental Expenses ..Free Grants of School Requisites-Grant towards the cost of Heating, etc., of Schools andCleansing of Out-offices2,519 7 03,472 7 0315 6 5144 3 614,335 2 8The invested Capital of the Fund stood thus:1st January, 1933, Debt of the Irish Church TemporalitiesFund 886,600 0 O·Stock in hand 1,627,233 0 8Stock sold in March quarter 1934 26,550 0 0In hand 31st March, 1934 £1,600,683 0 8· 886,600 0 0'.Equipment Grants, etc.Teachers' Residences.Bonus to Parents or Guardians of certain Pupils in theGaedhealtacht and Breac-Ghaedhealtacht.SUPERANNUATION,ETC., OF TEACHERSGROSS T0TALDeduct Receipts754 16 01,781 517,962 0 0350,695 12 23,685,535 19 988,517 9 6NET TOTAL\3,597.018 1~• To ~hesefigures must.be added a due proportion of the cost of Administration,.Inspecbon. &c.

156APPENDIXIll.157APPENDIX IV. (a)SCHOOL :\IEDICAL SERVICE GRANT.RETURN, compiled by the Department of Local Government and Public HealthshowingPayments made by the Department during the year 1934-35.Final Instalments forLocal Authority Payments 1934-35 Totalfor----1933-34 First Second£ s. d. £ £ £ s. dCountyBorou gb Councils:Cork · . · . .. 437 16 8 940 521 1,898 16 8Dublin · . · . · . 733 12 0 3,085 1,300 5,118 12 0Limerick ·. · . .. 195 17 3 247 176 618 17 3Waterford ·. · . .. 38 16 7 107 71 216 16 7BoroughCouncil:Clonmel .. .. .. 18 16 11 47 35 100 16 11County Boards of Health:Carlow · . · . · . 51 5 6 200 142 393 5 6Cavan · . · . · . 144 10 2 319 256 719 10 2Cork · . · . · . 408 5 8 942 428 1,778 5 8Donegal ·. · . .. 447 4 4 931 381 1,759 4 4Dublin ·. " · . 166 2 10 743 330 1,239 2 10Galway ·. · . · . 324 3 6 635 444 1,403 3 6Kerry · . .. · . 239 16 9 407 360 1,006 16 9Kildare · . · . · . 146 1 0 :160 161 667 1 0Limerick ·. · . · . 127 3 1 536 314 977 3 1Louth · . · . · . 114 19 0 278 139 531 19 0Mayo · . · . · . 272 (1 3 554 340 1,166 6 3-Meath ·. · . .. 42 5 3 152 53 247 5 3Monaghan · . · . · . 117 19 9 368 106 591 19 9Offaly ·. .. · . 174 17 10 407 108 689 17 10Roscommon · . · . 41 8 8 200 198 439 8 8Westmeath .. · . 25 8 11 325 185 535 8H'Wexford ·. · . · . 263 16 5 552 403 1,218 16 5'Wicklow · . .. · . 243 19 1 433 169 845 19 1TOTALS .. · . 4,776 13 5 12,768 6,620 24,164 13 5Payment to VoluntaryAgencies:Nazareth House DentalClinic, SligoBall yragget , etc., DentalClinic . . . . .•Silvermines Dental Clinic7 7 o19 14 64 14 6TOTAL 31 16 0GROSS TOTAL £24,196 9 5SCHOOL :\IEALS G I~A);TTABLE, compiled by the Department of Local Government and PublicHealth, showing the Payments made by the Department in the year ended 31stMarch, 1935, in aid of the expenditure of local authorities on the provision offood for children attending );ational Schools.Final Instalments forIPayment 1934-35Local Authority for Total1933-34First SecondCounty Borough Councils:Cork · . · . · .£ s. d. £ £ £ s. d.176 0 o 437 262 875 0 0Dublin · . ·. · . 1,000 9 10 2,'WO 1,490 4,890 9 10Limerick · . · . · . 260 17 10 250 411 921 17 10\\ aterford ·. · . · . 42 15 10 46 53 141 15 10Borough and Urban. DistrictCouncils:An Uairnh · . ·. · . 29 17 1 40 38 107 17 1Athy · . · . · . 8 2 6 20 12 40 2 6Ballina ·. · . · . 21 4 5 - 19 40 4 5Birr · . · . · . ·. 15 1 2 26 12 53 1 2Bray · . · . · . · . 22 6 I 61 27 110 6 1Bundoran · . .. · . - - 10 10 0 0Carlow · . · . · . 8 13 0 15 - 23 13 0Ceannanus :\[6r · . · . 7 18 10 20 9 36 18 10Clones .. · . .. - - 5 5 0 0Clonmel · . · . · . 41 10 8 20 23 84 10 8Cobh · . · . · . · . 14 16 J 25 22 61 16 1Cootehill ·. · . · . 11 9 8 21 3 35 9 8Drogheda ·. ·. .' . 48 7 4 25 73 146 7 4Dundalk · . ·. · . 36 1 0 98 43 177 1 0Dungarvan · . · . · . 41 8 9 17 37 95 8 9Dun Laoghaire ·. · . - 60 8 68 0 0Ennis .. · . · . · . - - 12 12 0 0Enniscorthy ·. · . · . 49 19 0 53 39 141 19 0Fermoy · . .. · . 10 16 3 17 3 30 16 3Galway .. · . · . 18 19 0 20 19 57 19 0Kilkenny ·. .. 57 19 6 90 76 223 19 6Killarney · . ·. · . 18 7 3 20 19 57 7 3Kilrush .. ·. · . - - 19 19 0 0Kinsa1e ·. ·. · . 9 5 4 10 17 36 5 4Letterkenny · . ·. .. 8 19 2 23 18 49 19 2Listowe1 .. .. .. 4 18 0 - 6 10 18 0Longford .. .. · . 12 9 9 10 14 36 9 9Midleton .. ·. .. 9 4 0 8 10 27 4 0Monaghan ·. ·. .. 10 13 2 19 15 44 13 2Naas .. ·. ·. ·. 19 10 11 12 22 53 10 11Nenagh .. .. · . - - 18 18 0 0New Ross .. ·. .. 4 5 0 15 61 80 5 0Passage West .. .. - 25 6 31 0 0Templemore ·. .. .. 2 2 0 - 7 9 2 0ThurIes .. .. ·. 12 11 3 20 - 32 11 3Tralee ·. .. .. 32 3 4 38 52 122 3 4Tullamore .. .. · . 31 3 10 16 33 80 3 10Wexford ·. .. · . 16 1 6 40 37 93 1 6Wicklow .. .. .. - 6 21 27 0 0Yougha1 .. .. ·. 8 7 0 15 8 31 7 0Town Commissioners:Bal1yshannon .. .. 2 2 6 17 20 39 2 6Kilkee ·. .. .. - 13 13 0 0Muinebeag .. .. .. - - 15 15 0 :):Mu1lingar .." .. 6 0 9 30 21 57 0 ~)TOTAL ·. .. .. 2,132 18 7 4,085 3,158 9,375 18 7-

•."158APPENDIXIV. (c).Provisional Apportionment of the Grant of £10,000 and the payments made bythe Department of Local Government and Public Health in the year ended31st March, 1935, in aid of the expenditure of local authorities on the provisionof food for children attending National Schools in the areas scheduled in theSchool Meals (Gaeltacht) Act, 1930.MaximumBoard of Final (provisional) InstalmentsHealth Payment amount for 1934-35 Totalfor of GrantHl33-34 available First Second£ s. d. £ s. d. £ £ £ s. d.Cork ·. 21 10 2 240 7 6 40 35 96 10 2Donegal ·. 519 6 9 3,397 2 10 400 778 1,697 6 9Galway · . 1,879 11 6 2,595 3 2 1,292 I 775 3,946 11 6Kerry ·. 171 14 2 1,876 15 9 700 750 1,621 14 2Mayo .. 388 3 1 1,890 10 9 700 802 1,890 3 1TOTAL ·. 2,980 5 8 10,000 0 0 3,132 3,140 9,252 5 8

AfPENDIX V,-SECONDARY EDUCATION STATISTICS.l.-Schools 4'nd Pupils.TABt.Eshowing for the School Year 1934-35, the number of recognised Schools, as classified, and the number of Pupils in attendanceat5econdary classes at the beginning of the SchoolYear...Number of PupilsNumber Number .Type of School of taking - Boys Girls TotalSchoolsBoardersBoarders Day Total Boarders Day Total Boarders Day GrandPupils Pupils Pupils Total.- .1934-35130ys .. 148 60 5,009 13,693 18,702 - - - 5,009 13,693 18,702(;irls .. H7 89 - - - 4,948 8,095 13,043 4,948 8,095 13,043!,fixed .. 29 16 SOS 664 969 143 642 785 448 1,306 1,754Totals .. 319 16;; 5,314 14,357 19,671 5,091 8,737 13,828 10,405 23,094 33,499.U. Irish and Bilingual Schools.-TABr-E showing for the School Year 1934-35 the number of Schools admitted to Class A, B (I) and B (2),and the number of Pupils of the prescribed age in attendance at such Schools at the beginning of the School Year.~$Number of SchoolsNumber of PupilsBoys Girls TotalA B (1) B (2) A B (I) B (2) A B (1) B (2) A B (I) B (2)1934-35Boys' Schools .. .. 23 23 34 2,134 3,918 4,711 - - - 2,134 3,918 4,711Girls' Schools .. .. 43 12 41 - - - 4,455 717 3,831 4,455 717 3,831Mixed Schools .. .. I I 2 4 26 68 30 38 75 34 - 143Totals 67 36 77 2,138 3,944 4,779 4,485 755 3,906 6,623 4,635 8,685. -L."_

tII. SubJects.-Table showing for the SchoolYear 1934-35 the number of pupils mentioned in Table(I) above studying the various subjectsof the Department's Programme.-., ., ., .,

161IV.-TABLE showing, for the School Year 1934-35, the Classification of Schoolsaccording to Numbers of Pupils in Attendance at the Beginning of the SchoolYear.Number of SchoolsNumber of Pupilsin Attendance Boys' Girls' MixedSchools Schools Schools TotalUnder 100 .. .. 68 103 25 196100 and under 150 .. 32 28 3 63150 and under 200 .. 26 9 0 35200 and under 300 .. 6 6 0 12Over 300 .. .. 11 1 1 13TOTALS .. 143 147 29 319V.-TABLE showing, for the School Year 1934-35, the distribution,to classes, of the pupils mentioned in Table (1) above.accordingINTERMEDIATECERTIFICATE.Class Boys Girls Total1st Year .. 4,600 2,766 7,3662nd .. .. 4,124 3,071 7,1953rd .. .. 3,522 2,943 6,4654th .. .. 3,262 2,487 5,749TOTALS.. 15,508 11,267 26,775LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.1st Year .. 2,376 1,554 3,9302nd .. .. 1,787 1,007 2,794TOTALS.. 4,163 2,561 6,724GRANDTOTAL 19,671 13,828 33,499G

162Vr.-TABLE showing the Areas in which the residences of the Pupils mentionedin Table (1) above are situated.163VnI.-ExaminationStatistics.NorthernAREACountyCarlowCavanClareCorkDonegalDublinGalwayKerryKildareKilkennyLeitrimLeixLimerickLongfordLouthMayoMeathMonaghanOffalyRoscommonSligoTipperaryWaterfordWestmeathWexfordWicklowIrelandGreat BritainOther CountriesNumber of Pupilswhose homes aresituated therein5755981,1674,1264987,9781,5511,6156818832455651,9203187541,5206145394446915851,9821,1006258865104026859Total 33,499(1) Duration of Examinations, and Centres.-The Examinations for 1935which began on the 12th June, and extended over nine days, were held at 231Centres in 123 different localities. The distribution of Centres was as follows :-Centres for BoysCentres for GirlsJoint Centres for BOys and Girls ••1935.97TOTAL 231(2) Superintendents and Examine,.s.-Excluding those of the Department'sInspectors who did not receive extra remuneration for this work, the numbersemployed were:- >7955In 1935 ,,Men Women il'ota1iSuperintendents .. .. 122 111 , i233,!; IExaminers .. .. .. .. 119 45 1164(3) TABLE showing the general results of the Examinations.1935 iII,Number Number PercentageNumber passed with passed of those.EXAMINATION Examined Honours without ExaminedHonours who passedBoys:ILeaving Certificate 1,325 781 ·354 85.7IntermediateCertificate .. 3,269 1,740 677 . 73.9TOTAL .. 4,594 2,521 1,031 77.3VIL-TABLE showing, by ages, the number of new pupils admitted to SecondaryClasses in the school year, 1934-35 (compiled from the Entrance Examinationreturns furnished by the schools).Age on 1st August, 1934 Boys GirlsTotalUnder 12 yearsI".. 323 220 54312 and under 13 years 1,595 1,215 2,810"13 and under 14.. .. 2,104 1,300 3,40414 and under 15.. .. 1,370 1,040 2.41015 years and over .."681 741 1.422GIRLS:Leaving Certificate 840 578 156 87.4IntermediatoCertificate 2,534 1,101 696 71.0......TOTAL 3,374 1,679GLu.D TOTAL 7,968 4,200852 75.01,883 76.3TOTALS .. 6.073 4.516 10,589G2

(4) Analytical Tables of the Results of the Examinations :-A.-INTERMEDIATECERTIFICATE.Boys1935----GIRLSPercentage Total Percentage TotalTotal passed with Percentage Total passed with PercentageExamined Honours passed Examined Honours passedIrish (Full Course) .. .. .. 1,675 35.3 83.7 1,763 38.7 87.6Irish (Lower Course) .. ·. .. 1,592 - 85.8 771 - 83.5English (Full Course) ·. " ·. 3,205 42.0 95.6 2,440 33.7 89.6English (Lower Course) .. .. .. 57 - 100.0 91 - 100.0Greek ·. .. .. .. 616 52.1 85.1 - - -Latin .. .. .. .. 2,688 38.1 80.3 451 24.4 70.5French (Full Course) .. .. .. 485 25.5 78.4 1,641 41.4 79.2French (Lower Course) ·. .. .. 147 - 80.3 411 - 75.2German (Full Course) .. .. .. 4 0.0 25.0 74 45.9 81.1German (Lower Course) .. .. .. - - - 8 - 75.0Italian .. .. ·. .. - - - - - -Spanish .. .. .. ·. 2 50.0 100.0 - - -History and Geography ·. .. .. 3,205 46.0 86.0 2,517 47.3 85.5Mathematics .. .. .. .. 3,268 54.6 82.8 689 59.5 91.1Elementary Mathematics (Girls only) .. - - - 1,829 - 66.9Arithmetic (Girls only) .. .. .. - - - 16 - 50.0Science (Full Course) ·. .. .. 1,828 34.5 70.8 676 39.1 77.7Science (Lower Course) .. ·. .. 136 - 69.1 40 - 72.5Domestic Science .. ·. .. - - - 1,287 29.1 86.2Commerce .. .. ·. ·. 198 20.7 68.7 266 9.8 80.1Music ·. · . ·. .. 5 40.0 60.0 49 71.4 75.5Drawing ·. · . ·. ·. 1,853 24.9 77.5 1,561 33.1 81.1Manual Instruction .. ·. ·. 62 24.2 82.3 - - -B.-LEAVINGCERTIFICATE-BOYS.1935.Percentage PercentageTotalTotal Percentage failed on passed onTotal Percentage Examined passed with Honours Paper Pass PaperExamined Passed in Honours Honours or Full Course or LowerPaper Course PaperIrish (Full Course) .. ., .. 931 99.0 - 78.2 1.0 -Irish (Lower Course) .. ., .. 394 92.9 - - - 92.9English (Full Course) .' .. .. 1,307 98.2 - 62.8 1.8 -English (Lower Course) .. .. .. 16 100.0 - - - 100.0Greek .. .. .. ., 284 98.2 120 80.0 0.0 97.0Latin .. .. .. .. 992 90.6 336 63.1 2.7 87.2French (Full Course) .. .. .. 84 95.2 - 71.4 4.8 -French (Lower Course) .. .. ., 31 100,0 - - - 100.0German (Full Course) .. .. .. 1 100.0 - 100.0 0.0 -German (Lower Course) .. .. .. - - - - - -Italian " ., .. .. - - - - - -Spanish ., ,. .. .. 2 100.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0History ,. .. .. .. 1,158 79.7 854 45.9 14.6 63.8Geography ,. ., .. .. 1,050 88.6 848 43.4 10.7 85.6Mathematics .. .. ., .. 1,285 76.2 371 34.0 19. I 74.3Applied Mathematics .. .. .. 17 58.8 I 100.0 0.0 56.3Music .. .. .. .. 1 0.0 1 0.0 100.0 0.0Physics (Full Course) .. .. .. 65 64.6 - 23.1 35.4 -Physics (Lower Course) .. .. .. 8 37.5 - - - 37.5Chemistry (Full Course) .. .. . . 300 83.Q - 53.7 17.0 -Chemistry (Lower Course) .. .. .. 40 67.5 - - - 67.5General Science (Full Course) .. .. 147 85.0 - 50.3 15.0 -General Science (Lower Course) .. .. 13 76.9 - - - 76.9Botany (Full Course) .. .. .. 39 97.4 - 69.2 2.6 -Botany (Lower Course) .. .. 2 50.0 - - - 50.0Physiology and Hygiene (Full Course) .. 6 100.0 - 66.7 0.0 -Physiology and Hygiene (Lower Course) .. 1 0.0 - - - 0.0Domestic Economy .. .. .. - - - - - -Commerce .. .. .. .. 79 84.8 52 36.5 3.8 63.0Drawing .. .. .. .. 538 83.8 382 28.0 11.5 72.4

C.-LEAVINGCERTIFICATE-GIRLS.1935Percentage PercentageTotal Total Percentage failed on passed onTotal Percentage Examined passed with Honours Paper Pass PaperExamined Passed in Honours Honours or Full Course or LowerPaper Course PaperIrish (Full Course) .. .. .. 692 98.7 - 78.0 1.3 -Irish (Lower Course) .. .. .. 148 96.6 - - - 96.6English (Full Course) .. .. .. 813 98.5 - 59.9 1.5 -English (Lower Course) .. .. .. 26 100.0 - - - 100.0Greek .. .. .. .. 1 100.0 - 0.0 0.0 100.0Latin" ".. .. 149 88.6 29 58.6 6.9 87.5French (Full Course) .. .. .. 431 89.8 - 58.7 10.2 -French (Lower Course) ..".. 106 92.5 - - - 92.5German (Full Course) .. .. .. 13 84.6 - 46.2 15.4 -German (Lower Course) .. .. .. 2 100.0 - - - 100.0Italian" .. .. .. - - - - - -Spanish".. .. .. - - - - - -History .. .. .. .. 777 86.9 549 62.1 7.3 72.8Geography .. .. .. .. 771 87.4 645 43.6 11.9 84.1Mathematics .. .. .. .. 700 64.9 30 26.7 6.7 63.6Applied Mathematics .. .. .. - - - - - -Music .. .. .. .. 10 100.0 9 100.0 0.0 100.0Physics (Full Course) .. .. .. - - - - - -Physics (Lower Course) .. .. .. - - - - - -Chemistry (Full Course) •. .. .. 50 96.0 - 54.0 4.0 -Chemistry (Lower Course) .. .. - - - - - -General Science (Full Course) .. .. 97 92.8 - 75.3 7.2 -General Science (Lower Course) .. .. 1 100.0 - - - 100.0Botany (Full Course) .. .. .. 198 87.9 - 50.5 12.1 -Botany (Lower Course) .. .. .. 22 95.5 - - - 95.5Physiology and Hygiene (Full Course) .. 159 96.2 - 70.4 3.8 -Physiology and Hygiene (Lower Course) .. 7 57.1 - - - 57.1Domestic Economy .. .. .. 308 99.0 298 80.5 0.7 90.0Commerce •. .. .. .. 22 90.9 16 18.8 6.3 83.3Drawing .. .. .. .. 428 84.1 274 37.2 10.6 74.7....O'lO'l

167IX.-RECOGNlTION OF CLASSES (FOLLOWING THE SECONDARYPROGRAMME) IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS.Number of Primary Schools which applied during the School Year 1934-35to have Classes receiving instruction in the Secondary Programme recognisedunder the terms of Appendix VII. to the Secondary Schools' Programme, 54; ofthese, application was subsequently withdrawn in the case of 2 Schools andof the remainder, the courses were approved in the case of 41 Schools.Number of pupils returned by the 41 Schools in which Courses of SecondaryStandard were approved :-BoysHHGirls ..1,969TOTAL 2,130Number of Primary Schools which entered Pupils for the Certificate Examinations,1935: 35.Number of Primary Schools which were permitted to present pupils for theCertificate Examinations, 1935: 35.Table showing the number of Primary Schools which presented pupils for theCertificate Examinations, 1935, and the Results-of the Examinations:NUMBEROFPUPILSNumber Presented PassedofSchools Inter- Leaving Inter- Leavingmediate Certi- mediate Certi-Certi- ficate Certi- ficateficateficateGirls' Schools .. 32 358 38 259 32Boys' Schools .. 2 7 - 5 -X.-TEACHERS.(1) Tile total number of Teachers employed in Secondary Schools was asfollows :-School Year 1934-35Registered Unregistered TotalMen .. .. .. 754 621 1,375Women .. .. .. 759 727 1,486TOTAL .. .. .. 1,513 1,348 2,861(2) The number of Teachers who received incremental salary was asfollows :-Men ..Women1934-35700598TOTAL 1.298XI.-REGISTRATION OF TEACHERS.The number of Teachers registered during the SchoolYear 1934-35 was 167,of whom 68 were registered provisionally.The number of teachers whose names appear on the Register at present isapproximately 2,380.

168XII. SCHOLARSHIPS AWARDED ON THE RESULTS OF THE CERTIFICATE~EXAMINATIONS.(1) The number of pupils who qualified for the award of Scholarships on the'results of the Intermediate Certificate Examination, 1935, and I the number-'of Scholarships awarded were as follows :-Number of Number ofPupilsScholarshipswho qualified awardedBoys fIst Class (£40) 3(&' 3612nd (£20) 36·: 33·Girls est Class (£30) 20 202nd •• (£15) 20 19'112 108The Scholarships are tenable for two years subject. to certain conditions,6 boys and 3 girls relinquished the Scholarships fOFwhich they qualified.(2) Scholarships, awarded on the results of the Intermediate' CertificateExamination, 1934, were renewed for the School Year 1935-36 as-follows :--Boys 64Girls 33- 97BURKE MEMORIAL PRIZES AND EARL OF CORK'S SCHOLARSHIPS~(3) The values of the Burke Memorial Prizes* awarded were :-First Prize ..Second PrizeBoys£9 12 10£5 15 9In 1935Girls1£5.15 9f(4) The value of the Earl of Cork's Scholarships= awarded were:-BoysGirlsIn 1935: On~ Scholarship .. £26 2 0 One Scholarship £26 2 0'(5) University Scholarships awarded to Students from the Fior-Ghaeltacht;by the Minister for Finance on the recommendation of the Minister for Education.Number awarded in 1934 Total Number held during 1934/5.Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total3 1 4 10 4 14XlII.-SCHOLARSHIPS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS AWARDED TO STUDENTS .FROM THE FfOR-GHAELTACHT UNDER THE DEPARTMENT'S,SPECIAL SCHEME.Number awarded in 1934 Total Number held during 1934-5Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total6 12 18 9 51 60• These were paid out of the Trust Funds held by. the Minister for Education.-169'XIV.-SCHOLARSHIPS FROM PRIMARY SCHOOLS TO SECONDARYOR OTHER APPROVED SCHOOLS AWARDED BY COUNTY OR COUNTYBOROUGH COUNCILS.IExamination, Scholarships held1935 in 1934/35AtValueTrainingofCOUNCIL No. of No. of At Colleges Scholarshipsof Scholar- Second- or other TotalCom- ships ary Appetitorsawarded Schools proved..SchoolsCarlow County .. - - - - -Cavan County ·. 50 6 30 1 31 £40Clare County ·. - - 5 0 5 £20Cork County ·. 75 7 32 0 32 £17 1Os. to£40Cork Co. Boro.' .. 47 10 41 1 42 £20Donegal County .. 76 6 14 - 14 £16 16s. to£42.ublin County .. 79 28 60 1 61 £30Dublin Co. Boro.' 302 60 179 2 181 £20Galway County .. 45 8 34 - 34 £15 to £36Kerry County ·. 123 33 91 47 138 £10 to £25Kildare County .. - - 1 0 1 £50Kilkenny County 54 10 28 7 35 £10 to £32Laoighis County 44 10 36 3 39 £20 to £40Leitrim County .. 27 4 7 - 7 £40Limerick County- - - - -Limerick Co. Boro , 32 6 22 4 26 £15Longford County 36 4 19 0 19 £40Louth County .. 12 3 22 0 22 £15 to £20Mayo County .. 89 9M47 7eath County54 £20 to £40-M- 6 0onaghan County6 £4054 10 26 - 26 £15 to £25Offaly County" 40 10 45 0 45 £10 to £35Roscommon Co...91 16 61 0 61 £30 to £40Sligo County" 71 8T31 0 31 £15 to £30~pperary N.R.CoT61 12lpperary S.R. "39 9 48 £14 to £2554W8 31 1.aterford COunty32 £10 to £40V;aterford County- - -- - -23Borough.4 12 3 15 £20v:Vestmeath Co.W exford COunt55 6 23 1 24 £20 to £45W 'k Yre low County50 12 27 0 27 £15 to £50- - - -TOTALS'.-1,590 290 969 87-------.:-. 1,056 -

170XV.-UNlVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS AWARDED BY COUNTY OR COUNTYBOROUGH COUNCILS.No.TotalCOUNCIL Awarded in Value No. Held Total1935 1935 Value£ £Carlow County .. .. 2 (a) 100 (a) 5 250 (a)Cavan County .. .. 1 80 3 240Clare County ·. .. _ .- -- -.Cork County ·. .. - - - -Cork County Boro' .. 3 120 8 320Donegal County .. 6 £352165. Od. 17 £987 85. oa.Dublin County .. .. 3 180 15 890Du blin County Borough .. 6 360 13 800Galway County .. 2 115 9 435Kerry County .. .. 3 120 5 240Kildare County .. .. s 195 3 195Kilkenny County .. 3 190 11 700Laoighis County .. 5 300 10 600'Leitrim County .. .. 2 80 5 200Limerick County .. .. - - - -Limerick County Boro' .. 1 75 4 295Longford County ·. 2 100 6 300Louth County ·. .. 2 120 5 300Mayo County .. .. 5 300 18 1,080Meath County .. .. - - - -Monaghan County · . 2 140 8 525Offaly County .. .. 4 150 15 665Roscommon County .. 2 130 10 650Sligo County .. .. 7 280 14 560Tipperary N.R. County .. 3 200 10 580Tipperary S.R. .. ·. 5 360 8 510Waterford County .. - - - -Waterford Co. Boro' .. - - 1 50 (a)Westmeath County .. 2 130 6 390Wexford County .. 4 280 15 1,050Wicklow County .. - - - -Totals' .. .. 78 £4,457 16s. oe. 224 12,812 8 ()(a) In the case of these Counties College Fees are paid in addition toamounts awarded as Scholarships.the171XVI.-THE "CHARLEVILLE ENDOWMENT."{Scheme No. 123, Educational Endowments (Ireland) Act, 1885.}The payments from this Endowment in respect of the school year 1934-35were as follows :-Christian Brothers'Convent of ~ercy,NAMEOF SCHOOL AMOUNTSchools, CharlevilleCharlevilleXVU.-FINANCIALSTATEMENT.£ s. d.24 19 1011 4 2The payments made for Secondary Education from public funds during thefinancial year ended 31st March, 1935, were as follows :-£ s. d. £ s. d.1. Grants to Schools:(a) Capitation Grant (including Teachers'Salaries Grant) 190,964 19 3(b) Laboratory Grants 14,981 13 4(c) Grants for Irish and Bilingual Schools 12,747 2 7(d) Bonus for Choirs and Orchestras 1,067 0 0219,760 15 22. Payments to Teachers:Incremental salary paid to Secondary Teachers168,582 2 33. Scholarships4. Grant towards publication of Irish Text Books9,159 13 101,902 13 105. Administration:£ s. d.(a) Cost of Examinations9,732 15 2(b) Inspection, including sal' . . . .anes and expenses 6,239 16 4(c) Indoor administration (i Offi ..e. ce In Dublin) 8,567 11 524,540 2 11TOTAL ..£423,945 8 0

172XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS.Explanatory Notes.Column (2) gives the-classification of the school-Irish or Bilingual (B.l orB.2)-for the school Ylilar 1934-35. Columns (3) and (4) give the numbers ofpupils in attendance at the beginning of the school year (1934-35). Columns(5), (6), (7), (8) give the numbers of teachers employed in the schools, as furnishedin the Schools' Time Tables. Full-time teachers include teachers engaged inteaching for not less than 18 hours a week, and Headmasters and Headmistresses.The figures in brackets in columns (7) and (8) are included in thefigures immediately preceding, and represent the number of teachers whopossess a University degree and a qualification in teaching recognised forregistration purposes but who are not registered as they have not obtainedthe necessary experience.No.of TeachersNumber of -- --.----Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- ------Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---Co. CARLOW (7 Schools) :Carlow, Scoil na m Brathar Bl 115 - 4 - - -Carlow, Clocharna Tr6caire B2 - 183 8 - 2 4Carlow, Colaiste ChnuicBhig .. .. .. Bl 149 - 5 - 3(1) 3Muine Bheag, Clochar naToirbhirte .. - 58 4 - - -Muine Bheag, St. Joseph'sClassical School .. 46 - 2 - 1(1) -Tullow, Clochar Brighde .. El - 58 4 6 - -Tullow, Patrician Brothers'Secondary School · . 47 - 2 - 1 -Co. CAVAN (3 Schools) :Cavan, Colaiste Loreto · . B2 - 125 4 - 4 3Cavan, Royal School .. 46 54 4 - - 1Cavan, Colaiste Padraig .. 172 - 6 - 3(2) 1Co. CLARE (8 Schools) :Ennis, Sgoileanna namBrathar ·. B2 187 - 4 - 2 -Ennis, Clochar na Tr6caire A - 184 5 - 2 4Ennis, Colaiste FhlannainNaomhtha .. .. Bl 160 - 7 - 3 2Ennistymon, Sgoil nam Brathar .. .. A 142 - 4 - 1 1Ermistymon, Ard-Sgoil,Naomh Mhuire .. A - 42 1 - 1 2Kilrush, Scoileanna namBnithar .. BI 72 - 1 - 3(1) -173XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No.of TeachersNumber of -------Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- -------------iKilrush, Sgoil san Xavier A - 74 2 - -Miltown Malbay, Clocharna Tr6caire, Rinn naSpainneach .. A - 103 1 1 4 1Co. CORK (27 Schools) :Bandon, The GrammarSchool .. .. 18 9 1 - 1 3(1)..Blackrock, Ursuline Convent.. ., - 4S 4 3 1(1) 7(1}..Buttevant, Convent of -Mercy .. .. .. B2 - 47 3 1 2 1Castlemartyr, St. There seCollege .. .. .. B2 35 - 3 - 2 -Charleville, Christian Bras.'Schools .. .. .. 180 - 4 - 2(1) -Charleville, Convent ofMercy .. .. .. B2 - 89 6 2 2 -Cobh, Convent of Mercy •• B2 - 63 5 - 2 -Cobh, Presentation Bros.'College .. .. .. B2 67 - 4 - 1 -Doneraile, Sgoil nam Brathar .. .. 75 - 2 - 2(1} 1Fermoy, Sgoil na m Brathar BI 106 - 3 1 Iermoy, Clochar Loreto .. B2 - 122 9 - 1(1) 3FFermoy, Colaiste Cholmain A 150 - 9 - 2 -Kanturk, Convent of Mercy B2 - 50 1 - 2(2) 2Macroom, Convent ofMercy ., .. .. B2 - 79 5 - 1(1) 3Macroom, Mean Sgoil anAthar Peadar A 85 - 3 - 1 2:Mallow, Scoile an Mhean-Oideachas, An Clochar A - 51 2 - 1 4Mallow, AcadaimhPhadraigBl 104 - 4 - 1 -Midleton Christ' " B ••I lan ros JSchools ... B2 89 - 4 - IM~dleton C~~ege ::60 9 4Midieton, St. Mary's H' ..- 2 -School " " IghMillstreet," - 65 4 - 1 1Drishane Con,vent"" ..Mitchelstown, B2 3 3(1) 12Sgoil na- 97 -mBrathar" " B2 101 - 4 - 1(1) 1-I

174XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No.of TeachersNumber of ------Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---. CapuchinFranciscan College .. B2 73 - 6 - - 7Intermediateand University School. . 17 - 1 - - 1Rochestown,Skibbereen,Skibbereen, St. Teresa'sSchool .. .. .. - 20 2 - - 1Y oughal, Christian Bros.'Schools .. .. .. 105 - 5 - - -Youghal, Loreto Convent - 53 3 1 - '4(1)Co. BOROUGHOF CORK (11Schools) :Christian Brothers' College,St. Patrick's Place .. 159 - 8 - 5(2) 1Christian Brothers'Schools,Our Lady's Mount .. Bl 505 - 17 1 3(2) 8(2)Christian Brothers' Schools,Sullivan's Quay .. Bl 133 - 4 1 2(1) 2Grammar School and Girls'High School .. .. 37 23 8 - - 5Presentation Brothers' College,Western Road .. B2 364 - 14 - 2 3Rochelle School .. .. - 100 5 1 2(1) 5St. Aloysius' School, St.Made's of the Isle .. B2 - 244 12 1 1(1) -Colaiste N. Angela .. - 80 7 1 1(1) 1St. Finbarr's College .. B2 107 - 9 - 1(1) 2St. Joseph's College,Wilton 44 - 1 - 1 6Colaiste Muire, DouglasRoad ..".. A 86 - 4 - 1(1) 2Co. DONEGAL(6 Schools) :Ballybofey, The Finn College.. .. .. B2 21 21 1 - 1(1) Donegal, Secondary School 17 20 - - I -Letterkenny,ClocharLoreto .. .. .. A - 86 3 - 3(1) 1Letterkenny,ColaisteAdhamhnain .."A 110 - 6 - 3 1Lifford, Prior SchoolRaphoe, Royal School17 23 2 - 1 1""20 22 1 - 2 2175XVII I.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No.of TeachersNumber of ---.Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- ---Co. DUBLIN (23 Schools) :Balbriggan, Loreto Convent.. .. .. B2 - 87 6 3 2(1) 3Blackrock, Avoca School 18 - 1 - 1 5(1)Blackrock, Colaiste Dubh-Charraige .. .. B2 426 - 13 2 7(2) 9Blackrock, Clochar SanDominic, Cnoc Sion .. B2 - 153 8 1 4(4) 7(1)Cabra, St. Mary's DominicanConvent .. ., - 116 7 3 1(1) 7(5)Castleknock, Mercer'sSchool .. .. .. - 54 4 - 2 -Castleknock, Morgan'sSchool .. .. .. 42 - 2 - 3 -Castleknock, St. Vincent'sCollege .. .. .. 215 - 12 - 3(1) 6Chapelizod, St. Joseph'sConvent, Mt. Sackville .. B2 - 66 6 - 2(1) 2Clondalkin, ColaisteN. Seosaimh .. .. B2 26 - 2 - 2(2) 1Dalkey, Loreto Abbey .. - 80 7 2 2(1) 1(1)Dundrum, Sacred HeartConvent, Mount Anville - 79 4 5 2 9(1)Dun Laoghaire, ChristianBrothers' Schools .. 166 - 4 - 2 2Dun Laoghaire, DominicanConvent .. .. .. - 66 6 - 1 3Dun Laoghaire, GrammarSchool, 41 York Road .. 58 12 2 - 3 7(1)Dun Laoghaire, GlengaraPark School .. .. - 63 4 - 1 4Dun Laoghaire, PresentationBrothers' College 44- 3 1 2 -.Raheny, Colaist« MhuiT~'RGan Smal.... 61 - 5 - S -athfarnham, Loreto Conventltathfarnha~, St." " B2 - 146 8 2 3(2) 12(41Columba'sColle eRathfamh g .. 83 - 3 - 4 5Ske' am, Sgoil Eanna A 47 - 4 4rnes, Holy Faith C - -venton-Sntton, St. Domini', ... B2 - 48 3 - 1 2School " C s Hlgh""- - 26 2 - 3 2

176XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.II_-No. of TeachersNumber of ---Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- -Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8\--- --- --- --- --- ---Co. BOROUGH OF DUBLIN(48 Schools) :Alexandra College .. - 114 7 7 3 4Alexandra School .. .. - 193 13 1 - 3Belvedere College .. .. 350 - 15 2 6(1) 4(1)Bertrand IntermediateSchool, Eccles Street .. - 67 3 - 2 3Catholic University School 100 - 7 1 3 2Christian Brothers' SchoolsJames' Street .. ., 150 - 6 - 1 2Christian Brothers'Schools,North Brunswick Street B2 113 - 4 1 1 4Christian BrothersSchools,Synge Street" "B2 584 - 15 - 9(2) 3Colaiste Muire, 27 Ceam6gParnell .. , , A 151 - 5 - 2 4Sgoil na m Brathar, St.Mary's Place . , .. A 82 - 4 - - 1Sgoileanna na m Brathar,Westland Row .. Bl 303 - 7 - 4(1) 1Sgoil na m Brathar,Marino " " "Bl 198 - 4 - 3 6Convent of the SacredHeart, Lr. Leeson Street - 62 3 5 - 7Diocesan School, AdelaideRoad .." " - 103 6 3 1(1) 3(1)Diocesan School, MolesworthStreet 44" "- I 2 - 1Dominican College, EcclesStreet"., ., - 366 19 - 2 5Sgoil Chaitrlona, DominicanCollege, Eccles St .. , A - 222 11 - 2(2) 7Holy Faith Convent,Clarendon Street ., B2 - 83 4 - 3(2) 3Holy Faith Convent,Dominick Street ,. B2 - 129 6 - 1(1) 4Holy Faith Convent,Haddington Road - 95 5 1 1(I) 3(1)"Holy Faith Convent,117, The Coombe .. - 55 4 1 1(1) 1Holy Faith Convent, Clontarf,. .."B2 - 124 8 1 - 2Clochar an ChreidimhNaomhtha, Glasnevin .. - 168 5 - 2 51'17XVIII.-TABLE SH0WING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN REC0GNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-ronti1Jued.No.of TeachersNumber of --Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Fun Part Full Partfication Boys GirJs time time time time(1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---King's Hospital .."121 - 5 - 4(2) 3Loreto College, North Gt.George's Street ., B2 - 108 6 - 3(2) 2Colaiste Loreto, CrumlinRoad . . .. B2 - 40 2 1 3(1) 2(1)Loreto College, St.Stephen's Green " - 203 ;; [ 5(4) 2Colaiste Muire, 53 FaithcheStiophain" " A - 99 4 - 2(1) 2Masonic Girls' School,Ballsbridge" " - 59 5 - 1(1) 3(1)Masonic Boys' Schools,Clonskeagh" "81 - 4 - 2(1) 3Mount joy School . ,"187 - 9 - 3 2Nightingale Hall, Ltd.,Wellington Place, ClydeRoad ., .," 21 1 2 1(1) 8(2)Norfolk College, Rathgar , , - 18 3 2 - 4Sgoil Vi Bhriain, Fairview. , .. B2 63 - 3 - I -O'Connell School, NorthRichmondStreetRutland High School"772 - 25 - 3 1" - 77 6 1 - 1Sandford Park School,Ranelagh" " 51 - - 3(2) 4St. Andrew's College" 151 - 9 - 1 1Sgoil x. J oseph,::\IountjoyStreetRathmines.. . .Clochar Lughadh,B2 - 59 1 - 2(2) 1(I)St. Margaret's H~ll, Mes;i~Bl - 76 3 - 1 6Road- 30 2 2 1 5"St. ~ary's 'Colleg~: Rath'-'mmesAn Clocha i). . '.' .. 114 - 6 - 2 2r Olmlillceanach::\ l uCkross Park, DonnybrOok- , B2St. Patri k' C" - lOO 6 1 2(1) 2c s athedralSchOOlS' .. .." 34 - 1 1 1 2g~~ na mBnithar, N.lIlSioIlIl, Glasnaoidhean----170 - 5 - 2(1) 1

178XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No.of TeachersNumber of ------- -------Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- - --- --- --- --- ---Terenure College .. .. 78 - 7 - 1 4The High School .. 182 - 10 - 3 -Wesley College .. .. 218 152 12 - 7 4Co. GALWAY (15 Schools) :Ballinasloe, Clochar naTr6caire •. .. .. A - 62 2 - 2 -Ballinasloe, Colaiste SheosaimhNaomtha .. BI 165 - 9 - 1 -Galway, Dominican College B2 - 140 8 3 2 3Galway, (;rammar School 49 11 3 - 2 IGalway, Colaisde Iognaid .. A 75 - 4 I - 6(1)Galway, St. Joseph'sSeminary .. .. Bl 169 - 6 - 1(1) -Galway, Colaiste Muire •. A 61 - 5 - 1(1) 5Kinvara, Clochar naTr6caire .. .. .. A - 75 1 - 3 1Kylemore, Clifden,Sgoil Aine .. .. A - 30 1 - 1(1) 1:Loughrea, Clochar naTr6caire .. .. A - 103 4 - 2(1) 2Tuam, Sgoil na m Brathar A 134 - 4 - r -Tuam, Sgoil Brighde .. A - 139 4 2 2 4Tuam, Presentation Convent.. .. .. - 83 4 - 2 4iTuam,Clochar na Toirbhirte A - 64 3 - - 4Tuam, Colaiste Iarfhlatha,Naomhtha .. .. B2 195 - 9 - 1(1) S.Co. KERRY (9 Schools) :Cahirciveen, Sgoil namBrathar .. .. Bl 63 - 2 - 1 1:Dingle, Sgoil na m Brathar A 137 - 3 - 2(1) 1Killarney, Clochar Loreto A - 80 5 - 3 I,Killarney, ColaisteBhreanainn .. .. Bl 166 - 6 1 4(1) ~Killorglin,IntermediateSchool .. .. .. Bl 26 38 2 - 1(1) -Listowel, St. Michael'sCollege" .. B2 165 - 6 - - -TTralee, Sgoil na mBrath~ Bl 328 - 10 - - Zralee, Clochar naToirbhirte .. .. BI - 69 2 - 2(1) s179XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS A~D TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS--contmued.No.of TeachersNumber of -Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--------- --- --- ---Tralee, The J effers' Insti-tute-Co. KILDARE (8 Schools) :., .. ..73 - 3 - 1 -3(1) 1Athy, Sgoil na mBrathar Bl 112 - 2 -Athy, Sgoil Muire Bl - 49 2 - 1(1) --Celbridge, Collegiate School - 92 6 - 1 1DroicheadNua,Dominican College .. 93 - 5 - 3(1) 4Kilcullen, Colaiste naCroise agus na Paise .. A - 101 5 - 2 1Kildare, St. Joseph'sAcademy .. .. B2 47 - 3 - - -Naas, Sgoil na m Brathar .. 91 - 3 - 1(1 ) 1'Sallins, Clongowes WoodCollege .. .. .. 267 - 8 3 7 11'Co. KILKENNY (7 Schools) :-Callan, Sgoil na m Brathar 88 - 2 - 2 1Freshford, St. Joseph'sF. M. College .. B2 31 - 1 - 1 6Goresbridge, ClocharBrighde .• .. .. B2 - 58 3 2 3 3Kilkenny, Sgoil nam Brathar .. .. B2 163 - 6 - 1 Kilkenny College .. .. 82 - 3 - 5 -Kilkenny, Loreto Convent - 139 8 1 1(1) -Kilkenny, St. Kieran'sCollege .. .. .. 187 - 10 - 1 1Co. LEITRIM (1 School) :Carrick-on-Shannon,Clochar Muire .. .. A - 85 4 - 1(1) iLEIX (7 Schools) :Abbeyleix, Clochar BrighdeNaomthaAbbeyleix, Pres~~n Scho;]'Castletown, De La SalleSchool .:Mountmel1ic~, CI;char .:ToirbheirteBl - 40 4 2 - -2 10 1 - 1(1) -A 2 2 152 - -A 6 3(2) 3:Mountrath, Cloch~~ .. - 224 -BhrighdeB2 1 4(2) 1.Mountrath, Patri;ian " - 81 5Brot!ers' College, Bally_fin Demesne" " B~ 86 - 8 - 1 -

180XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No.of TeachersNumber of -Pupils Registered Unregistered'--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---Portlaoighise, Sgoil anm Brathar .. · . B2 102 - 5 - 1 -"Co. LIMERICK (8 Schools) :Bruff, St. Mary's Convent B2 - 62 6 - 1(1) 2Doon, Sgoil na m Brathar B2 92 - 3 - 1 -Galbally,IntermediateSchool .. .. .. 13 28 2 - - -Glin, St. Ita's School .. - 14 1 - - -"Hospital, PresentationConvent .. .. .. - 47 3 - 1(1) 2Kilfinane, Sgoil San P61 .. BI - 70 2 - 2(1) -Kilmallock, Sgoil Idir-Mheadhonach San Seosamh BI - 41 - - 2(1) --Rathkeale, An Mhean Sgoil B2 47 54 3 - 3 --Co. BOROUGHOF LIMERICK(9 Schools) :Sgoil na mBrathar .. 565 - 17 - 3(1) 3Colaiste an Chroidhe,Naomtha., S.J. .. B2 86 - 4 2 1 5High School, The Crescent B2 - 27 2 - - 1Clochar Cnoc Labhrais · . B2 - 129 6 1 2(1) 6(Il'Madame de Prins' College - 18 2 - - 3Mount St. Alphonsus .. B2 44 - 1 - 3 2Mungret College .. .. 150 - 6 2 3{il·) 7(1~Colaiste Mhainchin Naomtha.. ·. B2 96 - 5 1 - 4(I}The V illiers Endowed School 8 1'4 2 - 1(1) 3,Co. LONGFORD (3 Schools):Ballymahon, Clochar naTr6caire .. .. .. A - 51 3 - 1 rMean-Sgoil, Clochar naTr6caire, Longford · . A - 91 4 - 1(1) 4Longford, St. Mel's College Bl 170 - 9 - - -Co. LOUTH (7 Schools) :Drogheda,Sgoil nam Brathar .. .. 128 - 4' - 2 -Drogheda,GrammarSchool .. .. .. 25 - 2 - 3(2) -Drogheda,St. Philomena'sHigh School, PresentationConvent .."B2 - 87 2 - 3(2) 6:Dundalk, Sgoil narnBrathar .. .. A 220 - 6 - ~ --181XVII I.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No.of TeachersNumber of --Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---- Dundalk, Grammar School41 39 2 - 2 2(1 )Dundalk, Clochar naTr6caire .. .. .. - 126 5 - 3(2) 1Dundalk, St. Mary'sCollege ., .. .. 114 - 6 - 1 I>Co. MAyo (15 Schools) :.Balla, Clochar N aomhLughaidh .. A - 104 3 - 5 I..Ballina, Clochar na..Ballina, St. Muredach'sTr6caire .. .. Bl - 65 3 - 1 -.. ..College .. 116 - 5 - 1 -Ballinrobe, Sgoil nam Brathar ., .. A 104 - 2 - 2 1Ballinrobe, Scoil an ChroidhR6-Naomtha .. . . A -- 53 2 - 2 1Belcarra, Sacred HeartCollege .. . . 28 -" - - 1 4Castlebar, Clochar naTr6caire .. .. .. A - 147 5 - 1 4Castlebar, Colaiste Gear6idNaomtha .. .. A 97 - 3 - 2 -Crossmolina, Clochar Iosaagus Mhuire, GortnorAbbey .. . . Bl - 74 4 - 2 2'Kiltimagh, ClocharLughaidh Naomtha .. A - 167 12 - 2 1Louisburgh. Sgoil AlMathar na CabhraSlorraidhe A 4 30 2 - - -Swinford, St. M~~'s Int~r~mediate School B2 - 82 4 -- 3 L"Swinford, Mean-SgoilMbuire .. .. .. A 129 4 - 1(1) --Westport, Sgoil namBrathar" .. A 113 3 - 2 --Westport,SgoilanChroidhe Naomhtha .. A 68 2 - 2(1)-Co. MEATH (8 Schools) :An Uaimh, Clochar naTr6caire .. ..A 1 3(3) 4An Uairnh. Clochar Lore~ - 84 -49 5 1 22.

182XVII I.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.183XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continuetl.Tullamore, Convent Seco~~No.of TeachersNumber of ---Pupils Registered Unregistered------ ------ --- -Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---An Uaimh, ColaisteChroidhe, Naomhthafosa, Clochar Loreto .. A - 78 5 - 3(1) 4An Uaimh, Preston School 6 15 2 - - 2An Uaimh, St. Patrick'sClassical School .. B2 36 - 2 - 2(1) -Kells, Sgoil na m Brathar .. B2 61 - 3 - - -Kells, Convent SecondarySchool .. .." B2 - 62 I - 2 1oldcastle, Gilson EndowedSchool .. .. .. 44 63 4 - I 2cO. MONAGHAN (8 Schools):Carrickmacross,Ard-Sgoilna m Brathar N. Padraig A 30 - 2 - -c-arrickmacross, Clochar N.Lughaidh .. .. A - 182 8 - 2 5carrickmacross,ViscountWeymouth GrammarSchool .. .. .. 8 9 2 - - 3astleblayney, Clochar naTr6caire .. .. .. A - 79 I - 2 2Clanes, High School .. 33 35 3 - I -Monaghan, Sgoil nam Brathar .. .. A 103 - 3 - 2 3Monaghan,MBClocharLughaidh .. .. A - 266 8 I 8(5) 12onaghan, Colaiste MhicChairthinn .. .. BI 116 - 5 - 4(3) 2OFFALY (7 Schools) :anagher, La Sainte UnionConvent .. .. .. B2 - 41 2 - 2 2(1)Clara, Sgoil San Antoine A 42 - I - 2 -Portarlington, Sgoil naRmBrathar .. .. 65 - 3 - - Ioscrea, Colaists SheosaimhNaomhtha B2 226 - 8 - 4(2) 11(1)dary School .. .. B2 - 66 3 - I 2TuUamore,IntermediateSchool, Church Street ..T3 8 2 - - -uUamore, Cola.iste CuilmNaOnilitha .." 78 - 4 - - 1iNo. of TeachersofPupils Registered UnregisteredNumber--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)- --- --- --- --- ------Co. ROSCOMMON(5 Schools):BallaghadereeI1, DiocesanCollege .. .. .. Bl 176 - 5 - 4(1) -Ballaghaderreen, MeanSgoil, N. Seosamh .. A - 33 1 - 2(1) -Elphin, Bishop Hodson'sGrammar School .. 33 13 1 - 2 -.Roscommon, Sgoil N.Mhuire gan Smal .. A - 156 3 - 3 -Roscommon, The Brothersof the Christian Schools BI 71 - 3 - 2'(1) -Co. SLIGO (5 Schools) :Sligo, Grammar School .. 66 - 4 - 2(1) rSligo, Colaiste Cnoc antSamhraidb .. .. A 227 - 9 - 3 tSligo, The High School •• - 98 5 - 3(1) 3·Sligo, Clochar na nUrsulach A - 260 10 2 4 rTubbercurry, ClocharMhuire .. .. .. A - 92 4 - 1 -Co. TIPPERARY (20 Schools):Ballingarry, Clochar naToirbhirte .. Bl - 38 2 - 1(1) 2Cahir, Clochar na Tr6caire Bl - 55 1 - 2 rCarrick-on-Suir, Sgoil nam Brathar".. 113 - 3 - 2 ZCarrick-on-Suir, Ard SgoilClochar na Tr6caire .. A - 115 5 - 2 .(Cashel, Sgoil na mBrathar 43 - 2 - 1(1) 2Cashel, Clochar naToirbheirte" .. Bl - 82 4 - - 7CashelColaisteCeathramh'n Tobair .. B! 349 - 11 2 7 1Clonmel, An Ard Sgoil .. B2 132 - 5 - 2(1) -Clonmel, Clochar Loretto . - 35 3 1 1 2Clonmel, Clochar naToirbheirte .. - 47 1 - 1...Fethard, Clochar ~'aNTOirbheirte.••.enagh, Christian Bras.'B2 - 36 2 1NSchOols•.••..enagh, St. Mary's Secon----..1(1)144 - 4 -3(3) -dary SChool .. B2 - 157 8 - -1,I·Z

184XVIII.-TABLESHOWING nm NUMBERS 'OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGN[SED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No. of TeachersNumber of ._-_.Pupils Registered Unregistered------ --- --- --- -Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---Ros crea, Clochar anCTern plemore: Sgoil namhroidhe Naomhtha .. - 54 4 1 1(1) 7Bra.thar .. .. A 91 - 2 - 1 -rles, Scoil na mBrathar B2 201 - 7 - 1 1ThuThu rles, Clochar nanThusulTippUrsulach (Sgoil Lae) ..- 53 6 - - 5rles, Clochar na nUrach(Sgoil Aoidheachta)erary, Sgoil naA - 73 4 2 1 4Brathar" .. BI 129 - 4 - - Ionvent School .. B2 - 117 5 - 1 1mTipp erary, St. Anne's ,CCo.W ATERFORD(6 Schools):Cap poquin, Mount Mel-leDun garvan, Sgoil namDun garvan, Clochar naTDun garvan, St. Augustine'sSLis more, Christian Bros.'CLis more, Clochar naTray Seminary .. 114 - 7 - 3{I) 7Bra.thar .." Bl 76 - 3 - 2(2) 2r6caire .. .." A - 59 1 - 3 6eminary .." 73 - 2 - 2(1) 1ollegiate School .. B2 70 - 3 - 1 2oirbheirte .. .. A - 45 1 - 2 6Co. BOROUGH OFWA TERFORD (7 Schools) :Bis,Sgo il na mBrathar CnocSClo char Croidhe N, MhuireSgoii Aoidheachta, Sraidhop Foy School .. 38 28 3 - 3 2ion .. .. .. BI 311 - 8 - 4(2) -a' Phuirt .. .. A - 68 6 1 1(1) 4St. Joseph's Day School,Ferrybank Convent .. - 41 4 2 1 IUrs uline Convent .. B2 - 133 7Wa8 3(3) 10terpark College" 106Newt- 5 - 1(1) 2own School •." 29 24 5 - - 9(1)Co. WESTMEAm(11 Schools) :Athlone, La Sainte UnionCAthonvent " .." B2 - 91 5 - 3(2) 2lone, Ranelagh School52 10 2 - 3(1) 1185XVIII.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No,of TeachersNumber of -.----- -.Pupils Registered Unregistered--- --- --- --- --- ---Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- ------ --- --- -Athlone, St. Mary's IntermediateSchool .. B2 120 - 3 - 3 -Athlone, Sgoil PeadairClochar na Tr6caire .. A - 114 2 - 3 4Moate, Clochar na Trocaire A - 64 5 - - 2Mullingar, Colaiste N.Mhuire .. .. A 95 - 4 - 2 3Mullingar, Loreto Convent - 58 5 1 - 1(1)·Mullingar, Clochar Loreto,Sgoil Muire .. .. A - 53 4 1 1(1) 1Mullingar, St. Finian'sCollege .. .. 166 - 9 - 2-..Multyfarnham, Colaiste nabProinsiasach . . .. 87 - 4 - 2 2Multyfarnham, Wilson'sHospital .. .. 53 - 1 - 4(1)_ .Co. WEXFORD (14 Schools) :Bunclody, St. Mary's Convent".. .. B2 - 64 7. - 1(1) 2.Enniscorthy, Sgoil nam Brathar .. .. 79 - 3, - 1 2:Enniscorthy, Loreto Convent.. .. .. - 40 3 - 1 UGorey, Sgoil na m Bratbar 77 - 2 - 1. Z:Gorey, Loreto Convent .. - 88 5 3 2(1) 2.New Ross, Sgoil namBnithar .. .. B2 97 - 3 - 1(1) -New Ross, Clochar naTr6caire .. .. B2 - 57 3 - 1(1) tNew Ross, Good CounselCollege" " " B2 98 - 2 - 4(1) 11New Ross, JOhn IvorySchool "Rosbercon, Holy' 'Faith' .Convent, Our Lady ofLourdes "5 9 1 - 1 -.55 1(1) 5·Wexford, Christia".: Bro~'" - 3 -Schools "Wexford, Loreto C~nven~' 150 - 4 - 2B2" -Wexford, St.Peter's College - 99 6-2 2 1Wexford, The Tate SchOol 91 - 5 - 2 -16 2 1 - 1 2-

186XVII I.-TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERSIN RECOGNISED SECONDARY SCHOOLS-continued.No.of TeachersNumber of ----Pupils Registered Unregistered--- ------ --- ------Name of School Classi- Full Part Full Partfication Boys Girls time time time time(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)--- --- --- --- --- ---Co. WICKLOW (6 Schools) :Arklow, St. Mary's College,Convent of Mercy .. - 122 7 - 4 3Bray, Loreto Convent .. - 113 7 6 1(I) 2Bray, Colaiste na Toirbhirte.. . . 47 -- 3 - 1(1) 2Bray, The French School.. - 47 1 - 2(2) 6Wicklow, Dominican Convent.. .. .. - 82 6 1 - 7Wicklow, St. Joseph'sIntermediate School .. 21 - 2 - 1 1(1}XIX.-SECONDARYTEACHERS' PENSiON FUND.APPENDIX VI-VOCATIONAL. EDUCATION ..'THE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF THE PE TSION FUNDDURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31sT DECEMBER, 1935, WEREAS FOLLOWS :-INCOME:-Teachers'ContributionsSchools'Civil Servants' "Interest OD InvestmentsExPENDITURE :-Pensions paid to TeachersGratuitiesShort Service GratuitiesExcess of Expenditure over IncomeCash balance on 1st January, 1935£ s. d. £ s. d.7,174 8 12,700 12 131 7 0178 10 010,084 17 2.. 10,318 12 6180 14 10441 4 1010,940 12 2855 15 03,848 13 10" 31st December, 1935 2,992 18 10CAPITAL ON 31st December, 1935:-Stock in hand on 31st December, 1935:-£5,100 Fourth National Loan-at costCash not invested4,998 0 02,992 18 10Total £7,990 18 10

188Return No.NUMBER AND OCCUPATIONS OF STUDENTS WHO ATTENDEDCITY AND TOWN VOCATCITY VOCATIONAl. EDUCATION COMMITTEES TOWN--Cork Dublin Limerick Waterford BrayOccupations of Students ----- -- --- ----- -- --- -----Male Female Mal e Femal e Mal e Femal e Mal e Femal e Male Female-- --- -- --- --- --- -- --- -- ---Textile Workers .. .. 5 36 - 12 - - - - -Boot and Shoe Makers .. 12 - 82 - 1 1 - - - -Tailors and Tailors' Machinists 3 29 87 134 2 7 1 - - -Dressmakers .. - 24 - 102 - 7 - 7 - 2Milliners .. .. .. - - - 12 - - - - - -Embroiderers .. .. - 1 - - - - - - -Saddlers .. .. .. 1 - - - - - - - - -Carpenters .. .. .. 83 - 160 - 29 - 12 - 19 -Cartwrights, Coach Builders andWheelwrights .. .. 4 - 6 - 10 - - - -Sawyers and Wood Machinists 5 - 23 - 2 - 1 - - Cabinetmakers .. .. 18 - 51 - 5 - 6 - - -French Polishers .. .. - - 11 - - - - - -Upholsterers and Coach Trimmers - - 5 2 1 - - - -Smiths .. .. .. 1 - 9 - - - - - 2 Motor Mechanics .. .. 29 176 - 12 - 7 - 4 -Fitters and Mechanics .. 36 - 131 - 13 - 7 - - -Plumbers .. .. .. S - 102 - 4 - 16 - 1 -Tinsmiths and Sheet MetalWorkers .. .. 6 - 102 - 1 - 1 - - -Farriers .. .. ·. - - 2 - - - - - Electrical Fitters and Wire men 28 - 204 15 - 3 - - Workers in Chemical Processes .. 25 18 12 - 14 1 - - - -Printers, Bookbinders, andPhotographers .. .. 33 2 138 52 11 - - 2 - 2Bricklayers .. .. .. - - 60 - - - - - - Masons .. .. .. 21 - - - 4 - 1 - Plasterers .. .. .. 10 - 42 - - - 1 - 1 lBuilders' Labourers .. 1 - 28 - 6 - - - - -Painters and Decorators .. 21 - 99 - 15 - - - 1 --Other Industrial Workers .. 21 3 88 101 6 - - - - -Motor Transport Workers .. 4 - 39 - 7 - - - - -.Other Transport Workers ·. 4 - 17 .- - - - - - -Shop-keepers and Managers .. 1 7 5 10 7 3 2 5 1 -Shop Assistants and Salesmen .. 53 163 188 287 27 62 4 31 7 14'Bank and Insurance Officials .. 5 5 117 31 3 2 - - - -ICivil Servants and Local AuthorityOfficials .. .. .. 27 30 236 350 47 10 15 5 2 --Clcrks .. .. ·. 112 38 611 520 57 42 37 36 1 12Typists .. .. .. 1 68 - 456 - 19 - 11 - 2'Other Persons in ClericalOccupations.. .. ·. 13 37 32 171 17 11 - - 2 11fIotel, Restauramt and BoardingHouse Keepers .. .. - 3 - 8 1 2 - 1 -ILaundry Workers .... .. - 2 - 29 1 - - - -Domestic Servants ... .. 1 50 - 398 - 23 - 16 - 30.Persons engaged in Home Duties - 455 - 589 - 189 - 76 - 30Farmers and Relatives Assisting 2 3 3 - 6 - 2 - - -Agricultural Labourers, Gardenersand Nurserymen .. .. 5 - 4 1 - - - - 3 -Students in Attendance at Primaryand Secondary Schools ·. 26 27 5 185 27 36 - 2 -Students in Attendance at WholetimeVocational Schools .. 305 325 1,531 1,319 145 168 119 66 50 87Teachers and Teachers-in-Training 17 52 9 83 18 51 11 46 2 7Professional Occupations .. 13 4 46 24 21 1 1 - - -'Students (Medicine, Law, Engineering,Dentistry) .. .. 63 37 116 78 - - - - - -Nurses .. .. .. - 3 - 53 - 12 - 6 - 1Fishermen .. .. .. - - - - - - - - - --Other Occupations .. ·. 25 13 489 509 9 3 23 4 14 3.No Occupation .. 77 156 1,169 1,081 41 110 32 32 36 54-- ._-- -- --- -- --- -- --- -----TOTALS •• .. 1,115 1,591 6,222 6,608 584 761 302 346 146 269----- ----- -- --- -- --- ----COMBINEDTOTALS .. 2,706 12,830 1,345 648 41514

1(8)189-CLASSES UNDER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SCHEMES,SESSION 1934-35.IONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEESVOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEESDrogheda Dunlaoghaire Galway Sligo Tralee Wexford-- --- ---- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- --Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Femal-- --- -- --- -- -- -- --- -- --- ----- -- -16 158 4 8 - - - - - 2 - - 25 21653 28 - - - - 1 - - - - - 149 29- 61 - J - - - - 2 - - - 95 232- 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 11 - - - 151- - - - - - - - - - - - - 12- - - - - - - - - - - - 1- - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -4 - 18 - ,12 - 6 - 9 - 7 - 359 -- - - - 1 - 2 - - - - 23 .- - - - - - - - - - - - 31 -- 1 - - - 2 - - - 1 - 84 -- - - - - - - - - - - 11- - - - - 2 - - - - - - 6 4- 2 - 2 - 1 - - - 17 ,6 7 - 5 - - - - I2 - 248 3 - 6 - - - - 4 - 3 203 .~ - 2 - 1 - 2 - - - - - 138 -- - - - - - - - - - - - 110 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - 3 - J - 1 - 3 - 1 - 259 -- - - - 7 7 - - - - - - 58 26il - - - 1 - - -I-- - - - - - - - :::: !,- - 60 -- - - - - - 1 - - - I 1 - 28 -Total3 2 187 60- - - - - - - - 7 - I - - 61, -1 - 2 - 2 - - - 7 - 1 - 48 -6 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 143 -- - - - 3 - - - 17 - - - 135 104- - - - - - - - 8 - - - 58 -- - 1 - - - - - 2 - - - 24 -7 - - - - - 1 - 4 - - 4 28 29-26 24 10 26 6 17 15 21 2 21 6 3 342 669:1 - 1 5 2 1 - - - - 2 - l:-n 4410 4 - 16 15 15 1 6 - 1 17 8 370 44511 28 15 30 5 18 12 14 36 22 9 5' 906 '765- - - 17 - 3 - 2 - 4 - 1 1 583- - - 1 1 - 1 2 - 7 3 7 69 247- - - - - 2 - 3- - 1 - - 1 20- - - - - - - - - - - 5 - 37- 9 - 194 - 24 - 23 - 11 - 12 1 790-- 42 - 137 - 8 - 23 - 55 - 16 - 1,620-4 - - - 4 - 5 - 27 - - 1 53 45 - 3 - 5 - 1 - 11 - 1 - 38 1- 37 1 24 4 3 14 - - - - - 77 328.51 68 92 58 48 95 61 41' 179 113 46 35 2,627 2,3752 2 1 9 - 8 - 8 4 - 1 3 65 269- - - - 1 1 - - 4 - - - 86 30- 1 2 - 15 45 - - 8 - - - 194 161- 1 - - - 1 - 2 - - - 1 - 80- - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - 12 6 3 - 1 3 - - 6 1 584 54210 26 51 196 13 41 6 31 - - 4 13 1,439 1,740-- --- ---- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --221 491 234 731 157 292 135 181 334 238 114 117 9,564 11,625---- -- -- ----- -----, -- -- -- -- -- ---712 9 5 449 316 572 231 21,189e

190RETlmliNUMBER AND OCCUPATION OF STUDENTS WHO ATTENDEDCarlowCavanCOUNTYVOCATIONALOccupation of Students --- ---- --- --- --- ----Male Female Male Female Male Female-----------------1-- --- --- --- -- _Textile Workers . . . . . . . .Boot and Shoe Makers . . . . • .Tailors and Tailors' Machinists . . . .Dressmakers . . . . . . . .Milliners .. . . .. . . . .Embroiderers . . . . . . . .Saddlers .. .. .. .. "Carpenters .. . . . ". . .Cartwrights, Coach Builders and Wheelwnghts .•Sawyers and Wood Machinists .• "Cabinetmakers .. .. •• •.French Polishers . . . . . . . .Upholsterers and Coach Trimmers . • • .Smiths .. .. .. .. ..Motor Mechanics . . . . . . • •Fitters and Mechanics . . . . . .Plumbers .. .. .. .•Tinsmiths and Sheet Metal Workers ..Farriers .. .. .. •• ..Electrical Fitters and Wiremen . . • •Workers in Chemical Processes ..Printers, Bookbinders and Photographers ••Bricklayers . . . . . . . .Masons .. .. •• .• ..Plasterers • • . . • . . .Builders' Labourers . . •• ••Painters and Decorators .. .. . .Other Industrial Workers .. • • • •Motor Transport Workers •. •• ..Other Transport Workers . . . . . .Shop-keepers and Managers . . . .Shop Assistants and Salesmen .. ..Bank and Insurance Officials • • • •Civil Servants and Local Authority Officials ..Clerks .Typists .. .. .• •. •.Other Persons in Clerical Occupations ..Hotel, Restaurant and Boarding House KeepersLaundry Workers .. •. . . •. - 11Domestic Servants . . • • . . - 47 - 23Persons Engaged in Home Duties •• 5 109 - 52Fanners and Relatives Assisting •• •• 62 41 217 3 191Agricultu.ral Labourers, Gardeners & Nurserymen 40 - 34 - 65Students 10 Attendance at Primary and SecondarySchools . . 16 80 16 40 17Students in Attendance at Wb.;le-time 'Vocation~iSchools " .. 84 89 110 131 103Teachers and Teachers-in-Training :: : : 3 4 2 11 13Froiessional Occupations . . _ 3 _ _ 2Students (Medicine, Law, Engineering:Dentist '), _ _ _ _ _ _Nurses . . . . . . ry 2 _ 2 _ 3Fishennen .. . . .. .. = _ _ _ 1 -Other Occupations . . : : . . Z _ 23 1 44 .•No Occupation ....:: 17 63 155 156 149 86TOTALSCOMBINEDTOTALS1331854242513225112111321922221538I10112323Clare101995--- ---- --- --- ----•. 307 500 593 450 733 648--- ---- --- --- ----807 1,043 1,3813I185331323422335I3125332722••325718175No. 1(""CLASSES UNDER VOCATI0NAL EDUCATION SCHEMES, SESSION 1934-35.EDUCATION COMMITTEES.191Cork Donegal Dublin Galway Kerry Kildare---- --- --- ------ ----Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female- --- --- .--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---II 30 13 66 9 74 - - - - I - - 5 - - 3 - - 6 - 2 - 2 5 - - 5 - 5 -18 1 - 6 - 1 - 4 - 212 - - - - - - -- - - - - 2 - - - - - 32 - 1 - - - - - I - -84 19 - 16 - 16 25 - 18 10 - - - I - 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 5 - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - 1 - -19 - - - 3 - - - 6 - 6 44 - 12 .- 9 - 1 - 15 - 915 - 24 - 6 - - - 4 - 1 3 - 2 2 - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - -8 --1 - 1 - 1 - - - 2- 1 - - - - - I -2 - --1 - - - - - -- - - - - 1 - - 110 - 3-- - - 3 - - --4- - - - 6 - - I11 - - - 5 - - - 3 -511- 3- - - - - 12723 -1016 17 19 - 9141 7- 14 - 5 - 22 - 10 - 27 - - 6 - - -45146- -7-3 - - -89-,1018 11 5 147 33 17 23267 - 8 28 151144 - 295 - 1 - 3 - 310-26 3 85517 3 -37,14 6 12 125 13 14 45-2 3 9 2 17616- -19 6- - -146- 4 - - - - 1 31 1 - - 1 I- 5- - ---- - - - - - 1131-115920- 58 - 15 54 1 50786 - 447 - 146 659 408 22123 - -225475217 - 58 633 244 112 104- 35 - 68 - - - 148 - 55 -410 374 103 109 58 80 7 19 36 24 15 23339 381 84 93 114 133 135 167,-- 17766 3720757 171 24310458 3 4 1 9 8 9 9 33181 - - 1 3 - 27 - - -- - 1 1--10 - - -35 7 - - 2 - 12 - 1190 - - - - 26 6 - - ---18 - -42343 1 8 14 11 2 1 - 82 11110 388 720 148 217 80 62 180 79 61 663.027 2619 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -----'- -1.357 1.690 507 778 972 1.015 870 886 608 6305,646 - --- ------- ---- --- --- ----3,047 1,285 1.987 1,756 1,238

192'RETURN No.NUMBER AND OCCUPATIONS OF STUDENT.S WHO ATTENDED·Textile WorkersBoot and Shoe MakersTailors and Tailors' MachinistsDressmakersMilliners .,EmbroiderersSaddlersCarpenters • . . . • . • .Cartwrights. Coach Builders and Wheelwrights •.Sawyers and Wood MachinistsCabinetmakersFrench PolishersUpholsterers and Coach TrimmersSmithsMotor Mechanics ..Fitters and MechanicsPlumbersTinsmiths and Sheet Metal WorkersFarriersElectrical Fitters and WiremenWorkers in Chemical ProcessesPrinters. Bookbinders and PhotographersBricklayersMasonsPlasterersBuilders' LabourersPainters and DecoratorsOther Industrial WorkersMotor Transport WorkersOther Transport WorkersShopkeepers and ManagersShop Assistants and SalesmenBank and Insurance OfficialsCivil Servants and Local Authority OfficialsClerksTypists.. •. •. ••Other Persons in Clerical OccupationsHotel. Restaurant and Boarding House KeepersLaundry Workers •.Domestic ServantsPersons Engaged in Home DutiesFarmers and Relatives AssistingAgricultural Labourers. Gardeners & NurserymenStudents in Attendance at Primary andSecondary Schools . . • . • .Students in Attendance at Whole-time VoeationalSchools.. •. •.Teachers and Teachers-in-TrainingProfessional Occupations • . •. • .Students (Medicine. Law, Engineering, Dentistry)Nurses .. .. .. •. •.FishermenOther OccupationsNo occupationTOTALSCOMBINEDTOTALSKilkenny71 2228142733231I3145117 2912 4121932104115333914371139742029 33Laoighis1744417551439555COUNTY1024644VOCATIONALLeitrimOccupations of Students--- ---- --- --- --- ----Male Female Male Female Male Female----------------1-- --' -- --- --- ---42252443515548367 3302169 4~21417152827161 1021068-. 21--••100 189--167, 181702 ---s91494 ~ 620 570--l,~ --1.~ 1.1901 (b) cOlltinuedCLASSES UNDER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SCHEMES. SESSION 1934-35-continuedEDUCATIONCOMMITTEES.193Limerick I Longford Louth Mayo Meath Monaghan~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female- --- --- ------- --- --- ---- --- --- --- ----114233321632511429181302619775842311161718015248753115485180310102321131982146223122412733951623218919874251261713217244255115574127 136 7I1478 119 110 110 217 109 145 105 12720 2 6210 5 11 1 30 4 8121 1 1122633l~~ - -1 = -2 - 38 - - - - -_ 114 47 17 37 8~ 13 92 4~ 6~ ~~ 4~39742152423341421524372751 1831122461424612162352093864 ----- ---~-----------_ 668 344 353 474 423 683 916 429 567 465 3981.SS;- --- - --- --- ---- --- - --- ----'- 697 897 1.599 996 86331122629531116712331310416533183731332411124561012189237143622175142413448H

194 RETURN NO.Occupationsof StudentsNUMBER AND OCCUPATION OF STUDENTS WHO ATTENDEDCOUNTY VOCATIONALOffalyTipperaryN.RMale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female211Roscommon---------------1--- -- -- -- -- ----Textile Workers ..Boot and Shoe Makers ..Tailors and Tailors' MachinistsDressmakers . . . .Milliners. . . . . .Embroiderers .. ..Saddlers.. .. ..Carpenters . . .. . .Cartwrights, Coach Builders andWheelwrights " ..Sawyers and Wood MachinistsCabinetmakers . . . .French Polishers .. . .Upholsterers and Coach Trimmers ..Smiths .. .. ..Motor Mechanics ..Fitters and Mechanics ..Plumbers .. ..Tinsmiths and Sheet Metal WorkersFarriers .. .. .•Electrical Fitters and Wiremen •.Workers in Chemical Processes ..Printers, Bookbinders, and Photographers•• .. ..Bricklayers .. . . . .Masons •. •. ..Plasterers . • . . . .Builders' Labourers • • . .Painters and Decorators . . . .Other Industrial Workers .. • .Motor Transport Workers ..Other Transport Workers.. ..Shopkeepers and Managers ..Shop Assistants and Salesmen ..Bank and Insurance Officials ..Civil Servants and Local AuthorityOfficials .. . . • .Clerks .. .. .. ..Typists .. .. .. ..Other Persons in Clerical OccupationsHotel, Restaurant and BoardingHouse Keepers . . . . . .Laundry Workers .. ..Domestic Servants . . . .Persons engaged in Home Duties ..Farmers and Relatives Assisting ..Agricultural Labourers, Gardeners andNurserymen .. .. ..Students in Attendance at Primary andSecondary Schools . . . .Students in Attendance at Whole-timeVocational Schools . . . .Teachers and Teachers-in-Training ..Professional Occupations .. . .Studen~s (Medicine, Law, Engineering,Dentistry] .. .. ..Nurses .. ..Fishermen ..Other OccupationsNo Occupation ..TOTALSCOMBINED TOTALS10231147173138416114179511335223233122595413131545525235174644'69134186316Sligo273714 7210 5677638590 3164 6415-21'0139324356874514214II219271362831210271044635952654-'413331037624229946671478--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---. . 532 388 704 1,079 523 485 514 510..,--920 - --1~7s3I--1-,008-I--l-'OU

1 (b) continued. 195CLASSES UNDER VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONEDUCATIONCOMMITTEES.SCHEMES, SESSION 1934-35-continued.Tipperary S.R. Waterford Westmeath Wexford Wicklow TOTAL----- -- --- ----- ----- ----- -- ---Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female-- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- -- ---3 8 26 17822 30 2 1 5 162 9438 3 2 1 4 1 81 3011 3 10 2 888 18401 922 6 5 22 19 43216183 271 11 61 2 1 3 6714 2 15 22 20 2H3 1 2 3 106161211 14 1 945 1 2 5412 31 3 2 19 91 1 63 2 7 1 512 2 4 293 2 543 1 2 3 283 1 18 145 799 11 2 5 1021 1 1 13 55 713 17 11 1 4 7 5 4 1 162 12938 40 11 17 8 16 34 34 23 25 567 60516 4 1 2 10 2 2 95 311 16 5 35 8 13 5 13 460 12223 8 13 29 2 12 6 15 13 23 385 4414 1 2 7 3 642 3 4 10 57 495 5 1623123 39 5 97 52 2 1,317359 117 97 556 23 104 159 7,350426 16 160 2 162 35 394 5 98 14 6,798 661154 82 69 293 59 1,83912 86 73 76 2 2 118 177 22 73 1,339 1,640351 409 74 134 143 185 109 165 146 143 3,157 4,09919 40 6 25 1 4 8 43 6 11 190 6718 1 34 141 I 14 105 2 2 2"II 1 I 792 - 2 ,! . 114 -91 7 13 10 4 - 16 5 ~O I 44 56~' 134192 212 72 61 9 6 123 40"2,838 2,'"----- ----- ----- ----- -- --- --- ---1,490 1,391 563 518 478 385 1,264 1,180 542 552 20,659 20,822----- ------ ----- ----- -- --- ------2,881 1,081 863 2,444 1,1)94 41,481H2

RETURN No. 1 (c).Return showing Estimated Amounts of the Items of Receipt and Expenditure, other than Capital Account, under the ApprovedScheme of each Vocational Education Committee for the Financial Year 1st April, 1935 to 31st March, 1936.RECEIPTSEXPENDITURE---,----- ----- ----- 1----- ------Sale of Main-Administrative Area Grant Contribu- Books, tenance of Othe'of Committee from the tion from Tuition Class Other Adminis- Instruc- Schools Scholar- Expendi-Depart- Local Fees Materials, Sources tration tion and ships turement Rates etc. Classes----------- .----£ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £COUNTY BOROUGHS;Cork 22,312 4,179 2,060 240 539 4,779 14,521 5,984 262 145Dublin 46,971 36,256 6,200 750 1,520 8,200 42,500 29,400 1,750 300 •...(0500 20 950 1,366 4,708 2,171 70 1,166 0)Limerick 7,113 1,623Waterford 5,124 1,193 230 60 20 808 3,718 1,865 45 20URBAN DISTRICTS:Bray 2,381 648 180 20 10 346 1,939 674 19 103Drogheda .. 2,702 488 150 20 5 620 1,925 709 50 15Dun Laoghaire 4,690 2,820 375 128 32 908 4,200 1,950 105 30Galway 3,693 728 220 11 5 489 2,630 680Sligo 2,875 443 100 30 60 500 1,950 600 50Tralee 3,920 353 185 60 10 724 2,914 1,276 100 40Wexford 2,571 404 150 5 40 428 1,728 543 44 40COUNTIES:Carlow 2,604 1,782 110 55 10 547 2,586 1,219 46 102Cavan .. 2,437 2,047 130 50 25 700 3,600 964 40 45Clare .. .. 4,025 3,773 80 15 15 773 4,308 1,127 302 85Cork .. .. 15,955 13,025 900 100 156 2,252 18,900 7,780 458 2,275Do negal .. .. 6,224 3,033 220 - 100 851 7,325 1,965 100 50Du blin .. .. 3,326 3,925 130 75 - 700 4,500 1,500 250 100Ga lway .. .. 6,052 5,294 200 20 55 700 8,600 2,000 600 200Ke rry .. · . 4,890 :~,455 260 27 20 1,115 5,197 2,185 210 861Kil dare .. .. 3,491 3,819 175 60 20 763 4,615 2.142 200 233Ki1kenny .. 4,468 3,426 200 80 65 720 4,843 1,874 160 3,350LaoLeiLimLonLouighis .. .. 2,438 2,659 150 10 5 484 3,116 1,250 204 125trim .. .. 2,922 1,608 160 10 5 486 3,275 880 80 -erick .. .. 4,600 5,500 230 20 40 811 5,455 1,692 314 548gford .. .. 2,244 1,452 80 - 6 373 2,430 1,447 30 102th .. .. 3,834 2,594 240 30 25 600 3,700 1,600 60 25MayMeaMon aghan .. 2,358 2,564 140 10 - 617 3,376 1,428 65 650 .. .. 5,645 3,991 300 - 30 753 5,900 2,970 422 80th .. .. 4,577 5,540 220 10 - 950 6,150 2,700 250 210Offa Iy .. .. 3,865 2,851 125 55 30 851 3,715 1,192 80 85Ros common ·. 3,628 3,505 80 5 10 540 4,550 1,000 149 -Slig 0 .. .. 2,557 2,209 140 100 10 566 3,600 1,013 100 30Tip perary (N.R.) .. 3,215 3,222 180 10 15 812 4,163 2,256 70 288Tip perary (S.R.) · . 7,735 4,756 400 205 20 1,511 9,308 2,273 100 50Wa terford .. 3,053 2,854 100 41 18 674 3,753 1,163 106 174We stmeath .. 4,138 3,380 200 35 11 670 4,175 1,600 325 70We xford .. 4,409 3,528 220 52 37 936 5,750 1,409 404 60Wi cklow .. 3,854 3,002 140 30 20 772 4,541 1,420 105 25TOTALS .. 222,876 147,929 15,860 2,449 3,939 40,695 224,154 95,901 7,725 11,097--

198RETURN No. 1 (d)•I' ABLE showing amounts contributed by the Department and the Amountscontributed from Local Rates respectively, for the purposes of TechnicalInstruction, under Vocational Education Committees. Financial Year1st April, 1934 to 31st March, 1935.ContributionsContributionsAdministrative Area of from the fromCommittee Department Local Rates£ s. d. £ s. d.COUNTY BOROUGHS:Cork .. .. .. 20,442 0 0 3,662 0 0Dublin .. .. 42,730 0 0 31,686 0 0Limerick .. .. 7,316 0 0 1,428 0 0Waterford ., ·. 5,138 0 0 1,193 0 0URBAN DISTRICTS:Bray .. .. .. 2,101 0 0 568 0 0Drogheda .. ·. 2,424 0 0 415 0 0Dun Laoghaire .. .. 4,655 0 0 2,755 0 0Galway .. .. 3,109 0 0 558 0 0Sligo .. .. .. 2,687 0 0 394 0 0Tralee .. .. ·. 3,798 0 0 314 0 0Wexford .. .. 1,921 0 0 361 0 0COUNTIES:Carlow · . .. .. 2,240 0 0 1,426 0 0Cavan .. .. .. 2,422 0 0 2,043 0 0Clare .. .. .. 3,066 15 1 2,744 0 0Cork .. .. .. 14,649 0 0 11,753 0 0Donegal .. .. 6,199 0 0 3,033 0 0Dublin .. .. .. 3,396 0 0 3,925 0 0Galway ·. .. 5,564 0 0 4,811 0 0Kerry ·. .. .. 4,570 0 0 3,140 0 0Kildare ·. .. 3,134 0 0 3,472 0 0Kilkenny .. .. 3,687 0 0 2,666 0 0Laoighis .. .. 2,162 e 0 2,393 0 0Leitrim .. .. 2,219 0 0 1,316 0 0Limerick . , .. 4,083 0 0 5,000 0 0Longford ·. .. 2,045 0 0 1,285 0 0Louth .. .. .. 2,902 0 0 1,661 0 0Mayo · . ·. .. 5,154 0 0 3,500 0 0Meath ·. .. ·. 4,569 0 0 5,540 0 0Monaghan ·. .. 2,067 0 0 2,279 0 0Offaly .. .. .. 3,597 0 0 2,593 0 0Roscommon .. .. 3,301 0 0 3,187 0 0Sligo · . ·. .. 2,349 0 0 2,007 0 0Tipperary (N.R.) .. 2,929 0 0 2,924 0 0Tipperary (S.R.) .. 7,268 0 0 4,320 0 0Waterford .. .. 3,041 0 0 2,854 0 0Westmeath ·. .. 3,443 0 0 2,705 0 0Wexford ·. · . 4,391 0 0 3,528 0 0Wicklow .. .. 3,569 0 0 2,729 0 0TOTALS .. .. £204,337 15 1 £132.168 0 0

RETURN No. 2 {a)-CITY AND TOWN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.Showing for the Session 1934-35, (a) the number of Individual Students enrolled in various types of Schools and Classes and (b) the aggregatenumber of their Attendance Hours.DAY CLASSESAT PERMANENTCENTRES-WHOLE-TIMESCHOOLS.CommitteeNumber of Individual StudentsAggregateUnder Over Number of16 16 Total No. Male Female Attendanceyears years HoursCity V. E. Committees:Cork .. .. .. 314 312 626 303 323 355,687Dublin .. .. .. 1,026 1,842 2,868 1,549 1,319 854,097Limerick .. .. .. 171 142 313 145 168 168,363Waterford .. .. .. 106 79 185 119 66 85,369Town V. E. Committees:Bray .. .. .. 95 42 137 50 87 80,246Drogheda .. .. .. 54 65 119 51 68 57,204Dun Laoghaire .. .. 102 46 148 90 58 72,683Galway - .. .. .. 48 95 143 48 95 74,158 .Sligo .. .. .. 65 37 102 61 41 64,156Tralee .. .. .. 111 142 253 153 100 165,888Wexford .. .. .. 34 47 81 46 35 39,216TOTALS .. .. 2,126 2,849 4,975 2,615 2,360 2,017,067-. . ..

Showing for the Session:RETURN NO. 2 (b)-CITY AND TOWN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.1934-35, (a) the number of Individual Students enrolled in various types of Schools and Classes, and (b) the aggregatenumber of their Attendance Hours.DAY CLASSESAT PERMANENTCENTRES-PART-TIME SCHOOLSANDCLASSES..Number of Individual StudentsAggregateUnder Over Number ofCommittee16 16 Total No. Male Female Attendanceyears years Hours~~ .~ ~City V. E. Committees;Cork .. .. .. 29 404 433 9 424 32,624Dublin .. .. .. 193 452 645 38 607 39,900Limerick .. .. .. 20 115 135 10 125 7,826Waterford .. .. .. 12 35 47 25 22 2,008ss o oTown V. E. Committees;Bray .. .. .. 8 63 71 - 71 3,922Drogheda ., .. .. 33 124 157 4 153 6,981Dun Laoghaire .. .. 44 253 297 - 297 24,331Galway ., .. .. - - - - - -Sligo .. .. .. 3 55 58 14 44 3,660Tralee ., .. .. - - - - - -Wexford .. .. .. - 11 11 - 11 478TOTALS ., .. 342 1,512 1,8$4 100 1,754 121,730RETURN NO. 2 (c)-CITY AND TOWN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.Showing for the Session 191'14-35,(a) the number of Individual Students enrolled in various types of Schools and Classes, and (b) the aggregatenumber of their Attendance Hours.EVENINGCLASSESAT PERMANENTCENTRES.CommitteeNumber of Individual StudentsAggregateUnder Over Number of16 16 Total No. Male Female Attendanceyears years HoursCityTownV. E. Committees;Cork .. .. ·. 219 1,428 1.647 803 844 161,306Dublin .. .. .. 1,303 8,014 9,317 4,634 4,683 496,427Limerick .. .. .. 127 770 897 429 468 55,998Waterford .. .. .. 42 374 416 158 258 15,104V. E. Committees;Bray .. .. .. 49 158 207 96 111 16,623Drogheda .. .. ·. 133 298 436 166 270 32,944Dun Laoghaire .. .. 86 434 520 144 376 35,768Galway .. .. ·. 22 284 306 109 197 17,146Sligo ., .. .. 8 148 156 60 96 9,359Tralee .. .. .. 32 287 319 181 138 16,244Wexford .. .. .. 4 135 139 68 71 8,290..~ ~.... .. 12,330 14,360 6,848 7,512 865,209TOTALS 2,030

RETURN NO. 2 (d)-COUNTY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.1934-35, (11) the number of Individual Students enrolled in various types of Schools and Classes, and (b) the aggregateShowing for the Sessionnumber of their Attendance Hours.DAY CLASSES AT PERMANENT CENTRES-WHOLE-TIME SCHOOLS.Number of Individual Students AggregateNumber ofNo. ofCommittee Centres Under Over Attendanne16 years 16 years Total No. Male Female Hours---arlow .. .. ·. .. 3 113 60 173 84 89 55,768avan · . ·. ., .. 4 138 104 242 110 132 96,548clare .. .. ·. .. 7 136 166 302 103 199 110,037Cork . , ·. ·. .. 11 429 243 672 321 351 352,826Donegal .. ·. ·. .. 4 80 97 177 84 93 76,718Dublin .. ·. .. .. S 65 29 94 37 57 33,046Galway .. .. ·. ., 4 157 156 313 121 192 139,077Kerry .. ·. .. .. 3 127 119 246 114 132 108,258KGldare .. .. ·. ., 7 197 94 291 124 167 131,611Kilkenny ., ·. ·. ., 8 153 103 256 115 141 125,755Laoighis ·. ·. ·. 4 80 83 163 61 102 73,259Leitrim .. · . .. .. - - - - - - -Limerick ·. ·. ·. .. 5 136 110 246 112 134 140,800Longford · . ., · . .. 1 51 49 100 50 50 51,666La uth .. ·. ., .. 2 123 87 210 100 110 105,486Mayo .. ·. .. .. 4 149 178 327 110 217 160,032eath .. · . .. .. 4 142 112 254 109 145 154,764Monaghan .. .. · . .. 6 139 96 235 106 129 84,328o ffaly .. · .. .. 3 126 100 226 95 131 95,268Roscommon · .. ·. 3 103 98 201 67 134 81,445Sligo ,. · . ·. ·. - - - - - - -Tipperary (N.R) .. · . .. 4 155 120 275 95 180 67,274T ipperary (S.R) · .. .. 9 468 291 760 351 409 337,757\ Naterford · . · . 4 119 89 208 74 134 82,334Westmeath .. · . .. 3 164 146 310 125 185 136,095\ iVexford .. .. .. .. 5 161 113 274 109 165 - 100,951\ iVicklow .. .. ., .. 5 184, 95 279 146 133 111,378- .--TOTALS ., · . 118 3,896 2,938 6,384 2,923 3,911 3,012,481~.MRETURN No. 2 (e)-COU1jTY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.Showing for the Session 1934-35, (a) the number of Individual Students enrolled in various types of Sshools and Classes, and(b) the aggregate number of their Attendance Hours.DAY CLASSES AT PERMANENT CENTRES-PART-TlME SCHOOLS AND CLASSES.Number of Individual Students. AggregateNo. of Number ofCommittee Centres Under Over Attendance16 years 16 years Total No. Male Female HoursCarlow .. ·. ., - - -Cavan .. .. .. - - - - -Clare .. .. .. - - - - - -Cork .. .. .. - - - - - -Donegal .. .. .. 27 26 33 - 33 1,653Dublin · . .. .. 4 35 36 71 38 33 6,228Galway .. · . ·. - - - - - - -Kerry .. .. ·. 1 - 12 12 - 12 268Kildare .. .. .. 3 - 33 33 - 33 1,784Kilkenny .. .. 2 2 48 50 2 48 1,424"Laoighis .. · . .. - - - - Leitrim .. .. .. - - - - -Limerick .. .. .. - - - - - -Longford .. .. .. - - - - - -Louth .. .. .. 2 5 15 20 - 20 1,764Mayo .. .. ·. - - - - - - -Meath .. .. .. 2 2 34 36 1 35 2,456Monaghan .. .. - - - - - - Offaly .. .. .. - - Roscommon .. .. - - -Sligo .. .. .. - - - - - Tipperary (N.R) .. .. - - - - - - -Tipperary (S.R) .. .. 4 24 52 76 14 62 12,058Waterford .. .. - - - - - Westmeath .. .. - - - - - Wexford .. .. .. - - - - - - -Wicklow .. .. .. 3 67 12 79 10 69 5,234TOTALS .. 23 142 268 410 65 345 32,869-

Showing for the SessionRETURN No. 2 (f)-COUNTY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.1934-35, (a) the number of Individual Students enrolled in various types of Schools and Classes, and(b) the aggregate number of their Attendance Hours.EVENING CLASSES AT PERMANENT CENTRES.INumber of Individual Students. AggregateNo. of Number ofCommittee Centres Under Over Attendance16 years 16 years Total No. Male Female HoursCCCCDDGKKKLLLLLMMMoRSTTWWWWarlow .. ·. 1 81 147 228 68 160 8,968avan .;· . · . 4 57 321 378 236 142 23,022lare .. ·. ·. 6 40 297 337 226 111 12,862.ork .. · . .. 10 157 1,483 1,640 769 871 121,942onegal .. .. .. 4 53 360 413 224 189 34,483ubIin ·. · . .. 8 235 482 717 213 504 44,009alway ., ·. ·. 3 2 114 116 49 67 5,192erry .. · . .. 3 20 167 187 121 66 13,985ildare · . ·. ., 7 18 393 411 235 176 16,343ilkenny .. .. 8 43 386 429 213 216 21,078aoighis · . .. 4 31 244 275 87 188 11,815eitrim ·. · . - - - - - - -irnerick · . .. 5 36 265 301 208 93 16,550ongford .. · . ·. 1 14 105 119 69 50 7,708outh .. .. 2 73 388 461 243 218 21,934ayo · . .. · . 4 14 346 360 203 157 19,139eath .. .. ·. 4 41 186 227 92 135 18,186onaghan ·. 6 37 329 366 217 149 21,411ffaly · . · . ·. 3 26 275 301 158 143 17,350oscommon .. ·. 3 26 201 227 69 158 11,949Jigo .. ·. .. - - - - - - -ipperary (N.R.) · . ·. 4 35 458 493 285 208 29,431ipperary (S.R.) .. .. 9 155 991 1,146 655 491 62,237aterford .. ·. 4 69 252 321 148 173 18,344estmeath · . .. 3 18 285 303 193 110 12,300exford .. .. .. 5 66 379 445 186 259 24,658icklow .. .. · . 5 77 351 428 229 199 33,619----------TOTALS .. 116 1,424 9,205 10,629 5,396 5,233 628,515{ .Showing for the SessionRETURN No. 2 (g)-COUNTY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.1934-35 (a) the number of Individual Students enrolled in various types of(b) the aggregate number of their Attendance Hours.SESSIONAL CLASSES AT RURAL CENTRllS.Schools and Classes, andNumber of Individual Students. AggregateNo. of Number ofCommittee Centres Under Over Attendance16 years 16 years Total No. Male Female HoursCarlow .. ., ·. 3 35 187 222 64 158 4,754Cavan ., .. ·. 10 141 248 389 222 167 22,314Clare .. .. .. 18 101 491 . 592 364 228 32,495Cork .. .,·. 72 837 2,021 2,858 1,748 1,110 220,987Donegal .. .. · . 39 684 1,260 1,944 912 1,032 146,212Dublin · .. .. 12 93 216 309 143 166 14,419Galway · . ., · . 22 275 682 957 544 413 109,901Kerry .. .. ., 23 164 548 712 443 269 52,533Kildare .. ., .. 10 34 258 292 163 129 10,872Ki1kenny ·. ·. .. 15 100 258 358 172 186 15,124Laoighis .. .. .. 11 127 187 314 159 155 15,220Leitrim .. · . .. 23 319 686 1,005 520 485 141,374Limerick .. ., ·. 22 170 483 653 396 257 24,359Longford .. .. .. 1 34 87 121 68 53 26,745Louth .. .. .. 3 23 82 105 64 41 10,728Mayo .. .. ., 10 165 310 475 176 299 60,215Meath .. .. .. 13 50 170 220 133 87 13,506Monaghan .. ., 6 49 197 246 126 120 14,454Offaly .. .. .. 8 54 176 230 149 81 10,414Roscommon .. .. 36 170 731 901 498 403 61,856Sligo .. .. .. 14 192 638 830 427 403 112,797Tipperary (N.R.) .. .. 2 14 14 28 18 10 1,657Tipperary (S.R.) .. .. 21 76 525 601 470 131 19,848Waterford .. .. 16 95 306 401 230 171 20,962Westmeath .. .. 6 62 155 217 143 74 15,294Wexford .. .. . . 36 276 818 1,094 702 392 51,548Wicklow .. .. .. 8 49 143 192 104 88 8,368TOTALS .. 460 4,389 11,877 16,266 9,158 7,108 1,238,956-

Showing for the SessionRETURN No. 2 (h)-COUNTY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES.1934-35 (a) the number of Individual Students, enrolled in various types of Schools and Classes, and(b) the aggregate number of their Attendance Hours.SHORT COURSES AT RURAL CENTRES.Number of Individual Students. AggregateNo. of Number ofCommittee Centres Under Over Attendance16 years 16 years Total No. Male Female HoursCarlow .. ·. ·. 8 50 134 184 91 93 7,275Cavan .. .. .. 2 10 24 34 25 9 3,024Clare .. .. ·. 4 30 120 150 40 110 4,034Cork .. .. .. 9 164 312 476 189 287 :1O,552Donegal .. .. .. IS 144 336 480 137 343 37,195Dublin .. ·. .. ~ 15 79 94 76 18 6,718Galway .. · . .. 22 86 515 601 258 343 45,828Kerry .. .. · . 23 113 486 599 192 407 34,453Kildare ·. ·. .. 11 61 150 211 86 125 4,154Kilkenny .. .. .. 8 71 129 200 200 - 10,524Laoighis .. .. ·. 15 121 253 ~74 196 178 16,343Leitrim· . .. .. 9 40 145 185 lOO 85 15,409Limerick .. .. ·. 7 93 239 332 148 184 20,839Longford .. .. .. 11 47 310 357 157 200 15,871Louth .. .. .. 4 7 94 101 67 34 5,164Mayo ·. · . . 11 82 ~55 437 194 243 34,157Meath .. .. · . 11 41 218 259 94 165 1~,16:;Monaghan".. I - 16 16 16 - 244Offaly .. .. .. 6 36 127 163 130 33 8,350Roscommon .. · . 19 78 376 454 70 384 22,739Sligo .. .. .. 11 41 137 178 96 82 6,299Tipperary (N.R.) .. 11 48 180 228 116 112 10,984Tipperary (S.R.) .. . 11 64 234 298 - 298 13,054Waterford .. 9 39 112 151 119 32 7,909Westmeath .. 3 4 29 33 17 16 1,056Wexford ·. .. · . 22 204 427 631 267 364 25,190Wicklow .. · . 6"35 81 116 53 6~ 4,969TOTALS .. 272 1,724 5,618 7,342 3,1:14 4,208 405,499- ,._---_.

207'RETllRN No. 2 {i)-8UMMARY OF FOREGOING RETURNS Nos. 2{a)-2{h\Showing for the session 1934-35 (a) the number of Students enrolled in-various types of Schools and Classes. and (b) the' aggregate number of theirAttendance Hours.Number of Individual StudentsAggregateTypes of Schools andl --- --- --~--- --- NumberClasses Under Over of Attend-16 16 Total Male Female anceyears years No. Hours--- --- ---City and Town VocationalEducation Committees:·(a) Day Classes atPermanent Centres(W h 0 1 e - t i m eSchools) .. .. 2.126 2,849 4,975 2.615 2.360 2.017.067{b) Day Classes at PermanentCentres(Part-time Schoolsand Classes) .. 342 1,512 1,854 100 1.754 121,730{c) Evening Classes atPermanent Centres 2,030 12.330 14,360 6,848 7.512 865,209County Vocational EducationCommittees:{d) Day Classes at PermanentCentres(W h 0 1 e - t i m eSchools) .. .. 3.896 2,938 6.834 2.923 3.911 3,012,481'(e) Day Classes at PermanentCentres(Part-time Schoolsand Classes) .. 142 268 410 65 345 32.869.( f) Evening Classes a.tPermanent Centres 1.424 9,205 10,629 5.396 5,233 628,515~g) Sessional Classes atRural Centres .. 4.389 11,877 16.266 9,158 7.108 1.238.956,(h) Short Courses atRural Centres ..~ 1,724 5.618 7.342 3.134 4,208 405,499--- --- --- --- --- ----TOTALS .. 16:073 46,597 62.670 30.239 32,431 8,322,326

208RETURN No. 3.Showing (a) the number of teachers employed, and (b) the number of hoursof instruction given by them in Schools and Classes under Vocational EducationCommittees, Session 1934-35.No. of HoursNo. of Teachers InstructionCommittee Whole-time Part-timeWhole-time Part-timeTeachers TeachersIofTotalCity V. E. Committees:Cork .. .. 32 79 22,778 15,378 38,156Dublin .. .. 70 247 49,479 61,512 110,991Limerick .. .. 16 14 11,709 3,280 14,989Waterford .. .. 13 5 8,115 500 8,615Town V. E. Committees:Bray .. .. 6 14 4,637 2,447 7,084Drogheda .. ·. 8 7 6,390 765 7,155Dun Laoghaire .. 12 20 9,246 3,608 12,854Galway .. ·. 14 I 8,904 289 9.193Sligo .. .. 7 2 5,533 595 6,128Tralee .. .. II 4 8,392 1,845 10,237Wexford .. .. 6 5 4,469 772 5,241County V. E. Committees:Carlow .. .. 12 3 6,009 181 6,190Cavan .. ·. 17 2 11,242 409 11,651Clare .. .. 15 3 10,781 1,648 12,429Cork .. ·. 59 20 45,484 7,939 53,423Donegal .. .. 28 31 24,826 4,095 28,921Dublin .. .. 8 14 5,434 5,806 11,240Galway .. .. 34 5 26,628 897 27,525Kerry .. .. 19 10 14,890 1,901 16,791Kildare .. .. 18 3 13,267 615 13,882Kilkenny .. 18 13 14,379 1.098 15,477Laoighis .. .. 12 4 9,028 109 9,137Leitrim .. .. 14 5 9,901 2,001 11,902Limerick .. .. 24 - 17,664 - 17,664-Longford .. .. 13 - 7,160 - 7,160Louth .. .. 14 13 8.166 2,257 10,423Mayo .. .. 22 7 17,19$ , 1,800 18,998Meath .. .. 18 IS 13i3S6' 5,079 18,465Monaghan .. .. 14 1 10,1618; 329 10,497Offaly .. .. 13 4- 1@,.629- 1,862 12,491Roscommon .. 13 11 9,30(5 3,.676 12,982Sligo .. .. 13 3 10.179· 1,325 11,504-Tipperary (N.R.) 19 7 1'3.39$, , 1,947 15,345Tipperary (S.R.) •. 33 14- 29,063· 3,709 32,772Waterford .• .. 14- 6 10.34$j916 11,264Westmeath .. 18 - 13,854 - 13,854Wexford .. .. 20 15 15,840 2,908 18,748Wicklow .. .. 16 6 12,327 1,563 13,890TOTALS .. 713 613 530,207 145,061 675,268

RETURN NO. 4 (a) TECHNICAL SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS, 1935.LIST OF EXAMINATION CENTRES SHOWING THE COURSES IN WmCHEXAMINATIONS WEREHELD AT EACH CENTRE.An Uaimh: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Art.Ardfoyle: High School. Course: Domestic Economy.Arklow: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor CarEngineering.Athlone: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Motor Car Engineering,Domestic Economy, Art.Athy : Vocational Education School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Bailieboro: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Ballinasloe: Technical School. Courses : Commerce, Domestic Economy.Ballymote: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building. DomesticEconomy, Art.Ballyshannon: Technical School. Course: Art.Banagher: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Bawnboy: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Ballina: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Mechanical Engineering,Motor Car Engineering, Domestic Economy, Art.Ballyhaunis : Vocational Education School. Courses : Commerce, DomesticEconomy.Birr: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Domestic Economy.Blackrock: Dominican Convent, Sion Hill. Course: Art.Buncrana: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building.Bray: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor Car Engineering,Domestic Economy.Cabra: Dominican Convent. Course: Art.Cahir : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy, Art.Castlebar: Vocational School. Course: Commerce.Carlow: Technical School. Courses : Commerce, Building.Carndonagh: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Carnew: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Carrickmacross: Vocational School. COUJ'ses: Commerce, Building, DomesticEconomy.Carrick-on-Shannon : Vocational School. Course: Commerce.Carrick-on-Suir : Convent of Mercy. Courses: Commerce, Art.Carrick-on-Suir : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Cashel : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Castleblayney: Vocational School. Course: Commerce.Castlecomer: Vocational School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Castlerea: Vocational School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Cavan. Technical School. Courses : Commerce, Domestic Economy.Ceanannus M6r: Vocational School. Co-urses: Commerce, Mechanical Engineering,Motor Car Engineering.Clones: Technical School. Course: Commerce.CIonmel: Central Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building,Mechanical Engineeriug, Art.Clonakilty: Technical School. Course: Motor Car Engineering.Cobh : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor Car Engineering,Cootehill: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Cork: Crawford Municipal Technical Institute. Cours es : Commerce, Building,Applied Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, MotorCar Engineering, Domestic Economy, Art.Croom: Vocational School. Course : Domestic Economy.Curragh Camp: Technical School. Course: Commerce.

210Drogheda: Technical School. Cvurses: Commerce, Mechanical Engineering,Motor Car Engineering, Art.Dublin: Christian Brothers' Training College, Marino: Course: Art.Dublin: City of Dublin Municipal Technical Schools. Courses: Commerce,Building, Applied Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,Motor Car Engineering, Domestic Economy, Art.Dublin: Metropolitan School of Art. Course: Art.Dundal k : Municipal Technical School: Courses: Commerce, DomesticEconomy, Art.Dun Laoghaire: Municipal Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building,Motor Car Engineering.Dunnamaggin: Vocational School. Course: Domestic Economy.Edenderry: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Enniscorthy : Loreto Convent. COUl's~: Art.Enniscorthy: Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy,Art.Falcarragh: Colaiste Brighde. Course: Arc.Fermoy: Loreto Convent. Course: Art ..Fermoy: Technical School. Course: Art..Ferrybanlc : Convent of the Sacred Heart of Mary. Course: Art.'Galway: City Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building, AppliedChemistry, Domestic Economy, Art.·Glenties: Mc.Devitt Institute. Courses: Building, Domestic Economy, Art.-Gorey : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Art.'Grange: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Kanturk: Convent of Mercy. Course: Art.Kilkenny: City Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building.Killarney: Loreto Convent. Course: Art.Killarney : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, ElectricalEngineering, Motor Car Engineering, Art.Killorglin : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, DomesticEconomy, Art..Letterkenny : Loreto Convent. Course: Art.Letterkenny: Technical School. Courses : Commerce, Building, Art.Limerick: Municipal Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building,Applied Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, MotorCar Engineering, Art.Liostuathail: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy, Art.Mainistir an Bhealaigh: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Mainistir na Buille: Vocational School. Courses: Commerce, Building,Domestic Economy.Manorham.ilton: Vocational School. Courses : Commerce, Building.Mohill: Commercial Class. Course: Commerce.Mullingar: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Electrical Engineering,Mechanical Engineering, Motor Car Engineering, Domestic Economy.Naas: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor Car Engineering,Domestic Economy.Newcastle West : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Mechanical Engineering,Domestic Economy.,New ROBs: Technical School. Course: Motor Car Engineering.Oisbideal: Technical School. Courses: Building, Domestic Economy, Art.Passage West: Technical School. Courses , Building, Mechanical Engineering,Motor Car Engineering.Portlaoighise: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, MechanicalEngineering, Motor Car Engineering, Art,211Rathdrum: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Domestic Economy.Rathfarnham: Loreto Abhey. Course: Art.Sligo: Municipal Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, ElectricalEngineering, Art.Thnrles: Presentation Convent. Course: Art.Tipperary: Central Technical School. Courses: Commerce, A~ ..Tralee: Central Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, AppliedChemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Motor CarEngineering, Domestic Economy.Trim: Vocational School. Course: Commerce.Tullamore: Technical School. Course: Commerce.\\ aterford: Central Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building,Domestic Economy, Art.\\'at£'rford: Christian Brothers' Schools, Mount Sion. Course: Art.Waterford : Ursuline Convent. Course: Art.Westport : Vocational School. Course: Commerce. . .Wexford : Municipal Technical Schools. Courses: Commerce, Building,Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Motor Car Engineering,Domestic Economy, ArtWicklow: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor CarEngineering, Domestic Economy.RETURN No. 4 (b)-GENERALSUMMARY OF RESULTS.PercentageNumber of of Passes-- Number of 1st Class 2nd Class Exercises (CancelledExercises Successes Successes Failures Cancelled ExercisesIgnored)Totals for First YearExaminations 4,948 947 2,363 1,638 - 66Totals for Second Ye~~EXaminations 1,496 261 723 512 - 66Totals for Third YearExaminations 482 96 224 162 - 66Totals for Fourth YearExaminations .. 272 72 118 82 - 70Totals for HonoursE:zaminatiODs .. 16 5 7 4 -75Gross Total .. 7,214 1,381 3,435 2,398 - 67

212RETURN No. 4 (c).-RESULTS FOR EACH SUBJECT OFEXAMINATION.NumberNumber Number ofSUBJECT of of 1st Class 2nd Class Failures ExercisesCentres Candidates Successes Successes Cancelled-------- ----COURSE IN COMMERCE.First Year.Commercial Aritbmetic andCommercial Correspondence 66 1,142 74 545 523 -Book-keeping _. -- .. 65 1,073 244 509 320 Shorthand and Typewriting .. 31 381 58 183 140 Irish .. .. -- .. 60 671 138 370 163 French -- .. .. .. - - - - - -Second Year.Commercial Arithmetic andBusiness Methods .. .. 37 284 14 120 150 Book-keeping .. .. 36 252 35 151 66 Shorthand and Typewriting .. 21 116 32 48 36 Irish .. .. .. 31 158 38 96 24 French .. .. .. - - - - - -Third Year_Commercial Arithmetic andEconomic Geography .. 9 51 1 20 30 Book-keeping .. _. .. 8 32 5 10 17 Shorthand and Typewri ling .. 6 20 - 7 13 Irish .. .. .. .. 8 38 6 31 1 -Fourth Year_Economic Geography and BusinessEconomics -- 6 12 - 8 4 Accoun taney .. .. .. 6 15 I 8 6 Irish .. .. .. .. 2 13 4 8 I -Honours.'::om:nercial Law .. .. 1 2 - - 2 -Economic History of Irelandand Economic Geography .. 2 3 - 2 1 -Economics .. .. .. 2 3 - 3 - -COURsa IN BUILDING.First Year.Building Construction .. 22 105 20 47 38 Mathematics and Geometry .. 23 107 10 43 54 -SecondYear.Building Construction .. 21 56 12 27 17 Geometry and Mechanics .. 19 50 10 19 21 -Third Ylar.Building Construction .. 11 32 9 19 4 -Applied Mechanics .. .. 11 23 4 14 5 -FourthYear.Building Construction .. 6 16 5 7 4 Applied Mechanics .. -- 5 10 1 6 3 -Honours.Building Construction .• .. 4 6 3 2 1 -COURSES IN ApPLIEDCHEMISTRY.First Year.Elementary Physics .. -- 3 28 10 11 7 Elementary Chemistry .. 3 46 10 21 15 -Second Year.Inorganic Chemistry .. -- 4 11 2 6 3 -Chemical Analysis .. .. 4 12 3 4 5 -Third Year.Inorganic Chemistry .. .. 3 6 I 4 I Chemical Analysis .. .. 2 3 2 - 1 -Fourth Year.Organic Chemistry .. .. 3 6 I 4 I -Technical Analysis .. .. 2 4 I 2 1 -Honours.Organic Chemistry .. .. - - - - - -Technical Analysis .. .. 2I 2 2 - - -SUBJECT213RETURN No. 4 (c)-contznuea.NumberofCentres76Numberof 1st Class 2nd ClassCandidates Successes Successes884..3FailuresNumberofExercisesCanceUed---------1---- --- --- --- --- ----COURSE IN ELECTRICALENGINEERING.Fi1'st Year.Electrical EngineeringMathematics, MechanicsDrawing .. ..Secowd. Year.Electrical EngineeringMathematics, MechanicsTechnical Drawing ..Third Year.Electrical Engineering· Mathematics and Drawing ofElectrical Design ..Fourth Year.!Electrical Engineering ..·Power Producing Plants andDrawing of Electrical DesignCOURSES IN MECHANICALENGINEERING.First Year.'Machine Drawing ..'Mathematics and Geometry ..Second \Year.·Machine Construction .. . .'Mathematics and MechanicsThird 'Year .· Machine ConstructionDesign .. ..'Applied Mechanics ..Mathematics . . ..'Workshop Practice ..Fourth Yeat'oMachine DesignApplied Mechanics and HeatEngines ..Mathematics ..'Workshop Practice ..COURSE IN MOTOR 'CNRENGINEERING.First Year:Motor Car EngineeringMechan·ics and ElectricitySecond Year.Motor Car Engineering'Mechanics and ElectricityThird lYear.Motor Car EngineeringMechanics and ElectricityfGarage Practice ..Fourth Year.Motor Car EngineeringApplied Mechanics and fIe~tEngines .•.• ..-Workshop Practice ..COURSE IN DOMES1'ICEt::ONOMY .andandandFirst Year.· CookeryHous~wif~ry and Needl~~ork : :Second YearCookery and Laundrywor"kNeedlework . . . . : :Third Year.Cookery, Laundrywork andHygieneDressmaking : : : :4433227S86225I112I1415121467779735321110337063283216118840363025979532767884373421191512221629326329248818233218651223I883322241III406746332116982I31514181231I44727231613112913613915421144222412215654171612812313I234911156611359436923

FailuresSUBJECTFOU1'th Year.Cookery, First Aid and Sick214RETURN No•.4 (c)-continued.NumberNumber Numberofof of 1st Class 2nd Class jExercisesCentres Candidat es Suecesse s Successes Cancelle

216217ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (FOURTH YEAR)1st Prize: Christopher Phillip Fagan, City Technical In t itute, Galway.2nd Prize: Not awardedTECHNICAL ANALYSIS (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: Wil liarn Toner, Municipal Technical Schools, Dublin.2nd Prize: Not awarded.COURSE I J ELECTRICAL E~JGI?\EERIXG.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (THIRD YEAR):1st Prize: Roy Arthur Northcote Cooke, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork2nd Prize: John Francis Unaicke, Xluncipal Technical Institute, Cork.~IATHEMATICS AND DRAWING OF ELECTRICAL DESIG:\ (THIRD YEAR) :Ist Prize: Ray Arthur ·orthcote Cooke, Municipal Technical' Institute, Cork..2nd Prize: Cornelius Patrick Bygrove do. do.ELECTRICAL ENGINEER!' G (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: John Peter Horgan, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Raymond Robert Brabants, do. do.POWER·PRODUCING PLANTS AND DRAWING OF ELECTRICAL DESIGN (FOURTHYEAR) :1st Prize: Raymond Robert Brabants, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork ..2nd Prize: Not awarded.COURSE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGApPLIED MECHANICS (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Berchmans O'Brien, Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.2nd Prize:Not awarded.MATHEMATICS (THIRD YEAR) :l st Prize: Berchmans O'Brien , Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.2nd Prize: at awarded.\VORKSHOP PRACTICE (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Joseph Fitzpatrick, ~Iunicipal Technical Institute, Corl..2nd Prize: Not awardedCOURSES IN MOTOR CAR E~GIKEERl~G.MOTOR CAR ENGINEERING (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Michael O'Brien, Municipal Technical Schools, Dublin2nd Prize: Kat awarded.MECHANICS AND ELECTRICITY (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Bernard Laurence Du nne, Municipal Technical Schools, Dublin ..2nd Prize: Not awarded.GARAGE PRACTICE (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Matthew Gaff, Technical School, Mullingar.2nd Prize: Not' awarded.ApPLIED MECHANICS AND HEAT ENGINES (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: Joseph David Fitzpatrick, Technical School, Cobh.2nd Prize: Not awarded.WORKSHOP PRACTICE (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: ] oseph David Fitzpatrick, Technical School, Cobh.2nd Prize: Not awarded.COURSE IN ART.OBJECT AND MEMORY DRAWING (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Eamonn Costelloe, Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.2nd Prize: Hilda Marsh, City Technical Institute, Waterford.!:-IDUSTRIAL DESIGN (THIRD YEAR) :l st Prize: Daniel Jas. Murphy, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Hilda Marsh, City Technical Institute, Waterford.DRAWING FROM NATURAL FORMS (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Eamonn Costelloe, Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.2nd Prize: Hilda Marsh, City Technical Institute, Waterford.MODELLED INDUSTRIAL DESIGN (THIRD YEAR) :l st and 2nd Prize Divided: Teresa Carmel Gilroy, Municipal TechnicalInstitute, Cork; Peter Alphonsus Grant, Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin.MODELLING FROM CASTS (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Teresa ]osephine O'Riordan, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize, Marjorie Doreen Otter do.PICTORIAL DESIGN (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Fergus O'Ryan, Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.2nd Prize: Daniel Jas. Murphy, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.OBJECT AND MEMORY DRAWlNG (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: Fergus O'Ryan, Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.2nd Prize: Bra. William Ahern, City Technical Institute, Waterford.INDUSTRIAL DESIGN (FOURTH YEAR) :1st and 2nd Prizes divided: Janet Leslie F. Ryland, Metropolitan School ofArt, Dublin; Daniel ]05. Murphy, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.MODELLED INDUSTRIAL DESIG:-I (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: Francis Hourigan, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Feordia 0 Duibhir do.MODELLING FROM NATURAL FORMS (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: Francis Hourigan, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Edwin Thoma-s Brown do.PICTORIAL DESIGN (FOURTH YEAR) :1st Prize: James [eff, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Fergus O'Rvan, Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.COURSE IN DOMESTIC ECONmIY.COOKERY, LAUNDRYWORK AND HYGIEl'E (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Florence Alexander, Technical School, Naas.2nd Prize: Not awarded.DRESSMAKING (THIRD YEAR) :1st Prize: Alice Mary Cotter, Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Not awarded.

218APPENDIXVll.REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS~Table A.-ReformatorySchools.School Year' 1st August, 1934 to 31st July, 1935,.Number Number Committals Discharges,Number under under and Transfers Licences, &c.,of Detention Detention from Industrial fromSchools on on Schools from 1st Aug., '34Ist Aug., '34 31st July, '35 1st Aug., '34 tot031stJuly'35 31st July, '35---Boys .. 1 68 82 41 27Girls .. 1 13 14 4 3---TOTAL 2 81 96 45 30Table B.-IndustrialSchools.School Year' 1st August, 1934, to 31st July, 1935.Committals,Recommittals, Discharges,Number Number and Licences, &c.>Number under under Readmissions from.of Detention Detention from 1st Aug., '3il!Schools on on 1st Aug, '34, to-1st Aug., '34 31at July, '35 to 3J.st July, '3531st July, '35Boys •. 16 2,880 2,821 370 429Girls •. 35 3,540 3,406 311 445,Mixed 1 - - - -TOTAL 52 6,420 6,227 681 874Table C.-Reformatory Schools.The total number of Youthful Offenders admitted upon conviction to ReformatorySchools during the year from l st August, 1934,to 31st July, 1935,was 44,.viz., 40 boys and 4 girls. In addition, one boy was admitted on transfer forrefusing to conform to the rules of an Industrial School. The offences in respectof which the Youthful Offenders were committed were:Offences Boys Girls Total----Malicious Wounding .. · . 1 - 1Larceny and Petty Theft · . 19 4 23Housebreaking, Shop-breaking, etc. 16 - 16·Wilful damage and other maliciousoffence ..)· . .. 1 -Refusing to conform to Rules ofIndustrial School · . · . 1 - 1Indecent Assault ·. ·. 3 - 3- -TOTAL .. .. 41 4 45--'219'Taille D.-IndustrialSchools.The total number of Admissions to Industrial Schools by committal during the'year from 1st August,1934, to 31st July, 1935,was 666,viz., 363 boysand303girlll.The children admitted in that year are classified in the following tabular-statement, according to the grounds in which they were committed :_GROUNDSOF ,COMMI·TTALBoys---------------------11---1---BeggingWandering, and not having any home or settledplace of abode, or visible means of SUbsistence, or found wandering and having no home orGuardian, or a parent or guardian who does not Iexercise proper guardianship . . . , . ,Children Act, 1929 :-Destitute, not being anorphan, and surviving parent, or paTents,con-,seating to committal • . •• • . . .iDestitute orphan, or destitute, having both parents,or a surviving parent undergoing imprison- mentIParent or Guardian of criminal or drunken habitsCharged with an offence punishable in the case ofan adult with penal servitude, &c. (being under12 years of age) ..Charged with an offence punishable in the case ofan adult with penal servitude, &c. (being under14 years of age)-A child who has not complied with a SchoolAttendance Order sent under School Attendance I.Act, .1926 ., .• .. " .• .•'IotalTable E.-Reformatory3011610613243539GirlsTotal----1---1-----Schools.The ages and state of instruction of Youthful Offenders admitted uponconviction into Reformatory Schools are given in the following tabularstatement :_Total State of Instruction on Admission--- --- ------Ages-----~-.-,--------whenModerateAdmit-Read and Proficiencv,

220Table F.-Industrial Schools.The ages and State of Instruction of Children admitted to Industrial Schools.during the year from 1/8/,34 to 31/7/,35 are given in the following tabularstatement :-221Table H.-IndustrialSchools.The total number of children who were discharged from Industrial Schools(including children licensed and absconded who did not return) and who diedin the year 1st August, 1934, to 31st July, 1935, was 874, viz., 429 boys and445 girls.They were disposed as follows :-State of Instructionon Admission- - - ------ModerateAges when Total Illiterate Read and Proficiency Read andAdmitted Write in Reading \VriteImperfectly and Writing w-u-- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- --Boys Girls Boys Girls Bovs Girls Boys Girls Boys 'Girls-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Under 6 years .. 88 119 88 116 - 3 - - - -6 years andunder 8 ., 53 59 39 27 13 31 1 I - -8 years andunder 10 ·. 57 56 24 9 30 39 3 7 - 110 years andunder 12 ·. 75 36 14 3 33 7 22 23 6 312 years andunder 14 · . 90 33 8 1 19 11 43 11 20 10-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Total 363 303 173 156 95 91 69 42 26 14..Mode of Discharge Boys Girls TotalTo employment or service .. .. 326 262 588Returned to Parents or Friends .. 60 75 135Sent to Hospital .. .. .. 2 11 13Emigrated .. .. .. .. 9 11 20Discharged-Detention Order beingdefective .. .. .. 1 - 1Going to School .. .. .. - 5 5Retained in School after expiration of periodof detention .. .. .. 16 69 85Died .. .. .. .. 10 10 20Absconded .. .. .. .. 2 - 2Transferred to a Reformatory .. .. 1 - 1Boarded out .. .. .. 2 2 4TOTAL .. .. .. 429 445 874Table I.-Discharges to Employment from Reformatory Schools during the yearTa~le G.-ReformatorySchools.The total number of pupils who were discharged from. Reformaoory School$(including children licensed and absconded who did not return) in the year from1/8/,34 to 31/7/35. was 30. viz .• 27 boys and 3 girls.They were disposed of as follows :-Modeof Discharge Boys Girls Total. ·.To Employment 19 2 21• 0.To Friends 5 - 5o. . . · .Retained in School - 1 I.. .. ·.Emigrated I - 1o· .. · .Absconded I - 1.. .. .,Discharged after Appeal I -1.. ..TOTAL-.. .. · . 27 3 30from 1st August, 1934, to 31st July, 1935.The boys discharged from Reformatory Schools were distributed as follows.as regards occupations :-Baking, 2; Bootmaking,4 ; Carpentry,2; Dairying, 1Farming, 4; Fishing, 1; Grocery and Shop Assistants, 4; Messenger, 1.The girls discharged from Reformatory Schools were distributed as follows.as regards occupations :-General Servants, I; Machinists, 1.Table J.-Discharges to Employment from Industrial Schools during the yearfrom 1st August, 1934, to 31st July, 1935.The boys discharged to employment from Industrial Schools were distributed.as follows as regards occupations :_Bakers, 5; Blacksmiths, 4' Boot and Shoemaking 38' Bricklayer, 1;B' , ' , ,uilders Labourers, 3; Butcher, 1; Cabinet-makers, 2; Carpenters and.~eelwrights, 17; Chauffeur, 1; Coachbuilder, 1; Cook, 1; Dairyboys, 7:actory Workers, 3; Farm Labourers, 112; Furrier, 1; Garage Hand, 1,~~den~rs, 7; General Servants, 8; Hairdressers, 5; Hotel Bo~ts, 5 ; 0 House-·9 .ys, H, Iron Workers, 3; Mechanics, 12; Messengers,4; MuslClan, 1, Pages,.M' Pamters, 04; Pantry Boys, 4; Plasterer, 1; porters, 14;. Post OffiC~T'essengers, 3, Poultry-keeping, 1 ; Shop Assistants, 5; Sweep, 1, Tailors, 24 ,.1mber Workers, 2; Tinsmiths, 4; Weavers, 5.The girls discharged from Industrial Schools were distributed as follows asregards occupations:_Altar Breadmakers, 4; Children's Maids, 30; Cooks, 9; Dairymaids, 1;Dressmakers, 6; Factory Worker, 1;. General. Servants, 91; Governesses, 2 ;

222Housemaids, 47; House apd Parlour Maids, 13; Kitchen maids, 7; Laundresses;25; Machinist, 1; Monitresses, 2; Mothers' Helps, 6; Parlourmaids, 8;Portresses,2; Sewing Maids, 2; Shop Assistants, 2 ; 'Waitress, 1 ; Wardsmaid, 1Workmistress, 1.Table K.-Number and Causes of Deaths amongst Pupils in Industrial Schoolsduring the year frOPl:!,stA,ugust,1934, to 31st luly,1935.Causesof DeathDiseases of the Respiratory SystemCirculatory SystemTubercularEarUrinaryMeningitisPeritonitisSepticsemiaSeptic PneumoniaTetanusAccidental deathsAcute Osteo-MyelitisMarasmusTOTALOrgansBoys12211111No death occurred in a Reformatory School during the year.APPENDIXNATIONALVIII.10:\IUSEUl'd.GirlsTotal3 421211232111I1110 20ATTENDAO:CEOF PUBLIC FROM 1ST AUGUST, 1934, TO 31ST JULY 1935,AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJuly34,96427,03325,68726,67426,84529,58324,52429,86340,10825,67122,13226,033TOTAL 339,117228IRISH ANTIQUITIES DIVISION.EXCAVATIONS,Particulars of the Excavations referred to at page 101 of this Report:-Excaratioti J .-A site, suggested to be the famous early assembly site knownin the ancient Literature as ., Temair Erann;" in the townland of Cush, Co.Limerick. Supervised by Dr. S. P. 0 Riordaiu, of the National Museum, assistedbv Xlr. C. C. Crerniri, :l1.A., Kenrnare, Co. Kerry, and Oxford University; :lIr:liichael v. Duignan, :I['A., Dublin; :llr. L. Mongey, Ph.C., L.P.S.T., Dungarvan;:llr. T. ~. :lIcCarthy, B.E., Rathcoole, Banteer, who acted as engineer-surveyorand :lIessrs. P. J. Lyons and \Y. F. O'Connor, both engineering students ofUniversity College, Cork. An aerial survey of the site was made through theactive interest of Commandant G. ]. Carroll, Director of Military Aviation,Department of Defence. Thanks are due to the owners of the site, particularlyto Mr. ]. Galvin, Moorestown. Kilfinane, for kind permission to excavate and fordonating the finds to the National Museum.Mr. D. F. O'Shaughnessy, Kilfinane, and Xlr. P. O'Donnell, Cush, Kilfinane,deserve mention for much help and kindness extended to the excavations party.The excavations had to be continued for another season, and the scientificresults have been most gratifying.The site is a settlement and internment area of the advanced Bronze Agereaching, in several aspects, through the Early Iron Age right into the Early'Christian Period during which it seems to have been resettled after a period ofabandonment. The most startling of the discoveries has already been referredto: it is the unquestionable evidence found here, that souterrains (and, implicite,riug forts or " raths ") seem to have a much more venerable age in this countrythan was hitherto assumed, the prevailing opinion having been that the sou terrainis an Early Christian and mediaeval type. This opinion, based on reasoningrather than actual finds (because sou terrains are as a rule most disappointingobjects to excavate), has now to be rectified although it must not be assumedthat the great majority of Irish sou terrains antedates, as it is the case at Cush,the late Bronze Age. This is to not be expected, for the conclusion must now bedrawn 'that the use of the souterrain continued in an unbroken tradition from atleast the Middle Bronze ,\ge until the commencement of the historic period.But 'the discovery at Cush certainly revolutionises our conceptions to a verygreat extent, inasmuch as two house foundations of a fairly elaborate type werealso laid bare by Dr. 0 Riordain who has skilfully mastered a very difficult site,Excavation H.-A burial and presumably also ecclesiastic site of the EarlyChristian period, with faint indications of what seems to be a much older habitationstratum at Collierato'wn Co. Meath. This excavation was supervised by Mr.:lficheal 0 hEanaigh, of the ~ational Museum, who had already done someexcavation on the spot in the previous year. Attention was drawn to the siteby Mr. James Tallon, C.C., and the Museum has to thank also Mr. Michael King,:lfr. Patrick Black d M Jan r. oseph Bann, the landowners and Dr. J. A. LynchStamullen Co Me th d MD rog heda. a. . a, an r. John S. Langan, Colliers town House, Bellewstown,The excavation resulted . I '.of anthropol . I . ' .n er alia, m the discovery of a considerable amountogica matenal whi hSchool of Anatom U· . lC was deposited in the study collections of they, nlverslty Coll e D .feature on the site th' ge, ublin. Undoubtedly the most important" was e dlScover f. '.interestmg side light on ritUal of y 0 several skull bunals which throw anExcat'atlOn. III.-Bog invest· t'the early penods.Principally from the Natur 1 H 1ga lon at Ballybetagh, Co. Dublin, undertakena lstory v'. .Danish experts of the Co't leWpomt, and supervlsed on behalf of themrm tee for Q .Dr Knud Jessen and hl'S' uaternary Research III. '. asslstant DIreland (Professor.B.E., Resident Secretary of th ' r. Hagbard Jonassen) by Mr. A. Farrmgton,e Royal Academy, and Mr. F. T. Riley, M.Sc.,

224T.C.D. Other helpers were :\1r. Thomas Maher, B.Sc., U.C.D., and :.vIr. G. F.Mitchell, B.A., Assistant Professor T.C.D.The owners of the ground, :.vIr. Thomas Roe, Ballybetagh House, Glencullen,Co. Dublin, and Mr. A. lI1cGuirk, Killegar, Co. Wicklow, facilitated the work,as did Professor H. Seymour, B.A., B.Sc., U.C.D., Mr. T. Mason, M.RI.A. ;:Hr. W. H. Sutton, Boghall, Kiltiernan, Co. Dublin; and Sergeant T. 0' Keeffe,Garda Siochana, Stepaside, Co. Dublin.Excavation I Va.-Cave at Kilgreany, Co. Waterford. The excavation wasput in charge of the Third Harvard University Archaeological Mission to Ireland,and supervised by Mr. Hallam L. Movius, Jun., M.A., Assistant Director. who washelped by Mr. Amory Goddard, another member of the Mission.The main purpose of the excavation was to settle the somewhat doubtful claimof previous excavations to have discovered the oldest skeletal remains of man inIreland, a sub-glacial Age having been attributed to " Kilgreany Man," whosekeleton is preserved in the Natural History Division of the National Museum.The assistance given by Mr. F. T. Riley, M.Sc., T.C.D., to the extent which hisown excavation of the Killawillin cave permitted him, was of very great importanceas he had been present at the previous excavations which were undertakenby the Bristol University Spelaeological Society.The recent excavation disproved the claim of the earlier excavators, but itTesulted also in positive results and some of the finds of the later periods, principallyan Early Christian Shrine fragment, were very good; see Mr. Movius'publication "Kilgreany Cave, County "Waterford" in the "Journal of theRoyal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland," Vol. 65, 1935, p. 254-296.The owner of the ground, Mrs. Williams, deserves thanks for her ready cooperation.Excavation VI a.-Dolmen at Labbacallee, Co. Cork .One of the finest megalithicmonuments in the country, the excavation of which was supervised byMr. H. G. Leask, M.RI.A., assisted by District Justice Liam Price, B.L., M.RI.A.and by Mr. Gearoid 6h-Iceadha of the O.P.W.The excavation yielded some very important pottery and good skeletal-material. See the publication by Mr. H. G. Leask and Mr. Liam Price" TheLabbacallee Megalith, Co. Cork" in " Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy,"vol. 43, Sect. C. No. 4, 1936, p. 77-101.Excavation VIb.--Cave near Killawillin (Killavullen) in Ballymacmoy town-'land. Co. Cork. Supervised by Mr. C. Blake Whelan, M.A., B.L., :\I.RI.A., ofGlenside, Low Castlereagh, Co. Down, who was helped (and after expiration ofhis leave succeeded in the supervision) by Mr. F. T. Riley, M.Sc., T.C.D. Mr.Eugene O'Mahony, Technical Assistant in the National Museum, was attachedto the party in order to look after the osteological material which, as was to beexpected, formed the main result and was deposited in the Natural HistoryDivision.Thanks are due to Senator James Hennessy, Cognac, France, the ownerof the site, to Major M. Cooke-Collis, Ballymacmoy House, Killavullen, to theProvost of Trinity College, Dublin, Professor E. J. Gwynn, M.A., Litt.D., D.Litt.;and to Dr. Foley, Castletownroche, Co. Cork, and Sergeant J. Kilcooly, GardaSiochana, Killavullen, who gave valuable help locally.Excavation Vlc.-Large cairn on a mountain near Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow,situate in the three townlands Pinnacle Tuckmill Hill and Coolinarrig Upper.This excavation was in charge 01 Dr. Padraic T. Breathnach, M.A., Dublin, who'was assisted by Mr. Matthew Byrrie, K.T., Baltinglass, and by District JustIceLiam Price, B.L., M.RI.A.The excavation was continued in 1935 and yielded important results for our225knowledge of megalithic architecture. The owners of the ground, Mr. Moore ,Mr. Hanlon and Mrs. Doody, facilitated work in every respect.Excavation VII.-A large mound at Burren, parish Touaghty, Co. Mayo.Supervised by Mr. Sean Langan, Medical Faculty, University College, Galway.This site turned out rather disappointing as the poverty of the grave goods founddid not allow a certain dating, although it is evident that the interments must bepost-Bronze Age.Excavation X.-The famous Lagore, or Dunshaughlin, crann6g, which extendsinto three townlands of Co. Meath: Lagore Big, Dunshaughlin and Ratoath.This is, as it were, the" original crann6g," as it is from here that the findscame which, by their appearance on the market in Dublin, in 1839, promptedthe founders of scientific Irish Archaeology, Petrie and Wilde, to investigate intotheir provenance. Eventually they retraced them to the find-spot and theirvisit to Lagore resulted in the recognition of the crann6g type of inhabitationsite as a regular feature in Irish archaeology, and in the adoption of the Irishname" crann6g " for similar settlements in the international literature.It was a foregone conclusion that the excavation of the more or less undisturbedsections of the crann6g would be an enormous task, running into several seasonsand requiring the supervision by the most competent crann6g excavators availableto-day. The Third Harvard University Archaeological Mission to Ireland wasentrusted with the excavation which was supervised by Dr. H. O'Neill Hencken,Director of the Harvard Mission, who will also be in charge of the completionwhich is scheduled to take place in the autumn of 1936.His assistants were: JUr. John Otis Brew, M.A.; Mr. F. L. VV. Richardson,Junr., B.A.; Miss Thalassa Cruso, Miss Norah Jolliffe, i\I.A.; Miss EleanorHardy, B.A., Miss Mary Eileen de Putron and Mr. S. 0 Reachtabhra, U.C.D.An enormous amount of animal-bones, in addition to numerous artifacts ofevery kind and description, was found, but as the results will be comprehensivelypublished after final completion of the excavation, it will suffice to say herethat they have much amplified our knowledge of the Early Christian Period ofIreland generally, as well as the insight into the" every-day life" of crann6gdwellers.The publication will, if feasible, appear in Ireland, and it is perhaps not out ofplace to remark here that it is the policy of the Harvard Mission to publish itsoriginal accounts in the learned periodicals of this country as far as they cancope with it.It goes without saying that similar considerations will govern the publicationof all the results of the State-financed excavations, of which the present isonly a short enumeration.The work at Lagore was most obligingly helped by the owners (and tenants)of the ground, Mrs. Angelo Murphy, Mrs. Patrick Rogers, Mr. Martin Grady(Cork), Mr. J. J. Flynn (Dublin) and Mr. Thomas Brady, whilst i\1r. Patrick Ward,Mr. JohnCrosbie, Mr. Thomas l\Iooney and Mr. Thomas Lynam proved themselvesmost helpful from other viewpoints, as did also to a considerable extent Sergt.Robert Goff_ ,0f theGarda.Siochana, Dunshaughlin..Excavation. . .X V.-A Iarge caIrn.(Cairn.A to distinguish....It from anotncrcailer calln.in the VICl!1lty B 1 . h' ,w rich was excavated in 1935) in the town land of Agh naskeag ,Co. Louth. Supe·· d L trVIse by Mr E Estyn Evans M A F.S.A., ecturer 0Geography Q '. .. c , .., .f th C ' .ueen s Untversity, Belfast, assisted by Mr. T. G. E. Powell, Dubl111.o e ambndge UniversitIt was hoped that y School of Archaeology. " ,. ... . the cairn would prove to be of the horned type whichIS so Important In Irish A . .fT rth I rchaeology and occurs most freq uently In certain partso 0 ern reland the so . . .ThiIS was no,t howe«Owever thuthern boundary of its.distributlOn being yet Ill-defined...burials and it '. e case, but the megalith yielded a number of interesting1 S restorabon i . ., n Wh,ch Mr. Evans himself took a conspICUOUSpart,I

226has added a very fine example to the list of State-preserved and protectedmonuments in the country.The publication of this excavation (as also Mr. Evans' account on Cairn B.)is to appear shortly in the Journal of the Co. Louth Archaeological Society;but it is not out of place to record here the good services given on the spot byseveral people :-Mr. H. G. Tempest, Dundalk, who was the discoverer of themonument, spent many days on the site in assisting and proferred his servicesin many other directions; ;\lajor H. F. McClintock of Ardee, Co. Louth; Rev.Peter Corcoran, Kilkerley, Dundalk, and other members of the Co. LouthArchaeological Society helped, whilst Mr. T. Mason, M.R.I.A., of Dublin, and Mr.Little, Dundalk, did photographic work.The land owners, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Keenan, and l\liss T. MacGailey, Feede,Mountpleasant, Co. Louth, were generally most helpful.Excavation XVI.-Ecclesiastic site on the ground of the Convent of theSisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, Gallen Priory, in the townland of Gallen, Ferbane,Co. Offaly, Supervised by Mr. Thomas Downing Kendrick, M.A., F.S.A., DeputyKeeper of the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities of the BritishMuseum, who continued work in the following season. He was assisted by Mr.Edward John M. Buxton, New College, Oxford; Mr. Neill MacLaren, B.A.Assistant, Leicester Museum, of the Courtald Institute of Arts, University ofLondon; Mr. Andrew C. Ritchie, M.A., of the same Institute and ForeignStudy-Fellow of Pittsburgh University, Pa., U.s.A., and by Mr. Tornas 6 Cleirigh,M.A., Assistant in the Art and Industrial Division of the National Museum ofIreland.The importance of the site lies in the fact that it is historically known when theEarly Christian establishment at Gallen came to an end so that early mediaevalchronology and art history could receive much useful information from theexcavation. This hope proved to be well-founded, and in addition to churchfoundations and numerous similar finds of every description were found a verygreat number (over 100) of monumental slabs and other architectural fragmentsdecorated or bearing parts of inscriptions, which will form the nucleus of a highlyimportant and attractive local museum.The finds from this excavation were not acquired by the National Museum,but remain in Gallen Priory under the management of the Office of Public Worksthe community acting as guardians of the collection.Notwithstanding the inconveniences necessarily caused to the convent by anexcavation in the Priory Grounds, the excavations were generously helped inevery way by the superioress, Rev. Mother Lucy Dunne. Help has also beengiven throughout the excavations by the local clergy, particularly by Rev.Edward Brady, P.P., and Rev. John Bannon, B.A., e.C., both of whom spentmany days on the site giving help and straightening out the manifold minordifficulties which are bound to occur during an excavation.Excavation XVII.-Interment site and settlement relics at Kiltera Cemetery,townland of Dromore, parish of Aglish, Co. Waterford. Supervised by ProfessorRobert Alexander Stewart Macalister, M.A., Litt. D.LL.D., F.S.A., UniversityCollege, Dublin. As the results of this excavation have already been describedby Dr. Macalister in his publication" The Excavation of Kiltera, Co. Waterford"(Proc. Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 43, section C. 1, 1935, pp. 1-16), it is not necessaryto go into details here. Amongst the people who were meritorious duringthe excavation, the following deserve thanks :-Mr. Beverley Ussher, Cappagh,Co. Water Iord ; Sergt. J. Mahoney, Garda Siochana, Villierstown, Co. Waterford;Sir John Keane, Chairman, and :VIr.Gurring, Cappoquin, Manager of the BlackwaterAgricultural Corporation Society; Miss Mary Carey, Drornore, Aglish,a~d the owner of the land, Mr. JOhn Keating, Dromore, who kindly gave per-1111SSlOn to excavate.227(1) AGES OF STONE AND BRONZE.*STONEAXES.Co. Antrim: Toome, Co. Antrim.ACQUISITIONS.Co. Armagh: from" a cave" at Doohat, near Keady; presented by Rev. L.o :\luireadhaigh, Dundalk.Co. Carlow: Ballysallagh; presented by Mr. James Ellis, !lion (N.Y.), U.S.A.;through Mr. John Hackett, Knockaboley, Hacketstown.Co. Cavan: Corfree, Loch Gowna; presented by Master Edward Joe Brady,through Acdh 0 Muireadhaigh, N.T., Loch Gowna, Derrycassan, through Mr.Michael V. Duignan,M.A., Dublin.Co. Clare: Two-hundred and fifty-eight stone axes and similar implements,from dredgings carried out in the Shannon at Killaloe; acquired from the finders. through 11r. A. B. Killeen. Another through Mr. P. MacCormaic, TechnicalInstructor, Co. Clare. In River Fergus at Baunliyle ; another from Booltiaghadina,another from Loch Cullaun, Ballyportry, and a fourth one from Laghtagoona;all acquired through Mr. Patrick Daffy, Ph.C., Corofin.Co. Donegal: Dunrnore, parish Tullyfern; another from Gortcally; boththrough 5ergeant VI!.Fleming, Garda Siochana, Kerrykeel. Large axe or chopper,Narin.Co. Dublin: Farranboley .Co. Galway: Garraun Lower (3). Keelogue Ford.Co. Kildare: Osberstoum, :l\aas, through Rev. L. M. Hewson.Co. Leitrim: Deerpark, Manorhamilton, presented by Mr. Vincent Keany,Deerpark, through :-1r. :-lic],ael V. Duignan, M.A., Dublin."Co.Limerick: Baggotstoum ; presented by Mr. James Bagnell, Hospital P.O ..From a Dolmen at Ballvcullai e r.;pper, Glin; presented by Sean 0 Cearbhaill,Technical Instructor, Glin.Co. Louth: Knocklore, Talla nstown.Co. lVlayo: near Ballina. Burrishoole parish (used as charm). Bog at Derrynalecka,Kiltimagh. Shramore, parish Burrishoole.Co. Meath: from the secondary passage of Dowth tumulus; found by Mr.R. B. K. Stevenson, Ardeen. Clones, and presented by him through Prof. R. A. S.Macalister. Litt.D., Dublin.Drakestoum : presented by Rev. R. R. Callary, P.P., Castletown.Co. Monaghan: Aghavilla; presented by Mr. P. J. O'Daly, C.E., Carrickmacross,Co. Monaghan. Annagh, Emyvale; presented by Mr. P. J. O'Hanlon,N.T., Cloncaw N.S., Glaslough, Co. Monaghan, through kind mediation of Mr.Joseph Hanly, F.R.C.S.I. Crosshugh, through Mr. Thos. F. Murphy, Dublin.Der?, parish Magherac1oone, Derryhoask, Glaslough (2); presented by Mr. P.J. 0 Hanlon as before.BCo.11 bRoscommon'. .Carrowroe;founda y rick , Roscommon.and presented by Mr. John Stephens,* Purchased \f notspelling of th~ G othenvise stated. Names of townlands in italics, in thesupplement, 191I)~~~ Topographical Index, Census of Ireland, 1901 (with.. A., De.posi ted by the Royal Insh Academy.12

228Co. Sligo: Lisserlough ; presented by Mr. John Forde, Boyle, on behalf of thefinder, Mr. James Dwyer.Co, Westmeath: Monassetbog, Rahugh; through Mr. P. J. Munnelly, N.T.Co. Wicklow: Forigranite, Baltinglass; presented by Mr. John '~l. Tate,Dublin. Killamoat Upper; through 1\1r. Patrick T. 'Valshe, Ph.D., Dublin, andMiss Rose Walshe, N.T., Donard, Co. Wicklow.OTHER STONE IMPLEMENTS:Battle axe and hammer, The" White Rock," Newtown, parish Duleek, Co.Meath : lent by :VIr. WiIliam Taaffe, Duleek, through Mr. James Talion, andDr. J. A. Lynch.Flint arrow-head with scars on the mounting, Teeshan Bog, Co. Antrim.Four flint arrow-heads, five other flint objects and flakes, hammer stone andfragments of pottery from the sandhills at Murlough, Dundrum, Co. Down.Arrow-head of chert, Glan, parish Kilmovee, Costello Barony, Co. Mayo;through Mr. Patrick Kenny.Flint knife, Lisnacrogher, Co. Antrim.Pointed flint implement, Three Towns, Braid, Co. Antrim.Flint scraper, Rath.shan more, Co. Wicklow; presented by Mr. Patrick O'Toole.Fortv-two line-sinkers from the River Shannon at Killaloe, Co. Clare; throughCivil Engineering Department, Killaloe (Mr. A. B. Killeen).SETTLEMEl'

230'COPPER AND BRONZE AXES. FLAT (EARLY TYPE) :Killead, Co. Antrim. Lakeland, Ballinu •.e. near Cork (presented by Mr.C. J. F. McCarthy. Cork). T reanboy ; Co. Galway (ornamented). Ballycasheen;Co. Kerry (presented by Mr. John Cronin, Killarney, through Mr. Domhnallo Cahill, and Mr. P. C. Hilliard. Greenmount. Co. Louth (presented by MissMcClintock. Dunleer, through Major H. F. McClintock. Ardee). Ga•.•.otulena,Co. Mayo (with traces of ornamentation; through Dr. T. B. Costello, M.R.I.A .•Tuam). Emlagh, near Ballyslish Bridge. Elphin, Co. Roscommon (decorated.loaned by Mr. M. Sandys, Skerries, but recalled by the original finder). Youghal,(presented by the Governors of Newtown School. Waterford. through Mr.Arnold Marsh. B.A.. Headmaster). Ballynasculloge Lower. Co. Wicklowr(slightly~rnamented. found together with a stone which is clearly artificiallyrounded; through District Justice Liam Price).BRONZE AXES WITH STOp-RIDGE (AND OTHER MIDDLE BRONZE AGE TYPES).Dunlog. Ballymoney. Co. Antrim. Clogh Oughter Castle district. Co. Cavan.From bog at D rombobilly Lower. Co. Kerry (through Mr. Sean 0 Suilleabhain,Cill Airrie, Mr. Diarmuid O'Sullivan, N.T .. Tuosist, and Mr. Seamus 0 Duilearga,M.A. (through Mr. Aubrey J. Skinner. London). Ballycashel, Co. Mayo. Carrick,parish Killedan, Co. Mayo (through Garda Patrick Given. Kiltimagh). Fromibog at Carrowntleva Sraheens, Balla, Co. Mayo (through Garda Given. as before)..Frorn bog at Prison East. Co. Mayo (through Mr. P. E. Mullaney, N.T.. Balla).Emiaghyroyin, Co. Roscommon (presented by Mr. William Scanlon, Donamon ;thanks are due also to Mr. Patrick Tohall, Land Commission. Roscommon.Knockananooker. Co. Wicklow (through Mr. Patrick O'Toole, N.T .. Hacketstown).Muskeagb, Co. \'\Ticklow.BRONZE AXES WITH SOCKET (LATE TYPE).Greagbrahan, Co. Cavan (through Mr. Thomas Deering. N.T .• Ballyconnell,and Mr. Thomas McGee. N.T.. Greaghrahan). Ballina district. Co. Mayo.Aghateskin, Co. Monaghan (lent by Mr. P. J. O·Daly. C.E .. Carrickmacross).Rathangan, Co. Offaly.BRONZE DAGGERS. RAPIERS AND SWORDS.Two daggers from the bed of the Shannon at Killaloe, Co. Clare (through Mr.A. B. Killeen, Civil Engineering Department. Killaloe). Rapier found inOwenmore River near Ballymote, Co. Sligo. Leaf-shaped sword. Carrigaline,Co. Cork (through Rev. Father Patrick Canavan, O.C.C.. Carmelite Priory,56 Aungier Street. Dublin). Leaf-shaped sword found in bog at Ards Beg.parish Tullochabegley East. Kilmacrenan Barony. Co. Donegal (through VeryRev. Hugh Canon McDwyer, P.P .. Gortahork. Blade fragment of leaf-shapedsword. Kells, Ballylin, Co. Offaly (through Mr. Edward Daly, Ferbane).BRONZE SPEAR-HEADS.Near Lough Neagh, Co. Antrim (socketed and looped: presented by Dr.T. P. L. Kirkpatrick, M.R.I.A .. Dublin). Clogh Oughter Castle District. Co.Cavan (socketed). From bog at Gulladoo, Co. Leitrim (socketed and looped).Jl1"onanny. Co. Monaghan (socketed and looped; lent by Mr. P. J. O'Daly, C.E.,Carrickmacross). Carrotnreagb, Frenchpark (socketed : through Mr. MichaelV. Duignan, M.A .. Dublin).OTHEROBJECTS.Gold armlet. Rea. parish Kilflynn, Co. Kerry; through Mr. William Hilliard,Tralee.. Br?nze halbert. one of the best ever found in the country. from the Armoydistnct. Co. Antrim; through the late Very Rev. J. Canon O'F'laherty, P.P .•Armoy. and His Lordship Most Rev. Daniel Mageea.n , D.D .• Bishop of Down andConnor, Belfast.231Bronze halbert. from bog at Croti, Leggagh, Co. Longford; through Mr.S. e. Macfonnraic, O.S .. Aghnacliffe, Co. Longford. and M1. Michael V. Duignan,M.A .• Dublin.Carved stone of large size. with punched" Bronze Age" decoration. Carrickrobin.Co. Louth; loaned by the Co. Louth Archaeological Society. Dundalk,through Rev. P. Corcoran, e.C .. Kilkerley, Dundalk. See the publication in theJournal of the Co. Louth Archaeological Society. Vol. 7. No. 3. 1931 (issued ill1933) .(2) EARLY IRON AGE.Settlements finds from the " Temair Erann " site. Cush, Co. Limerick. and'from the Kilgreany Cave. Co. Waterford.Ill-defined grave finds from a tumulus at Burren, parish Touaghty. Co. Mayo.Excavated. Deposited by the excavator. Mr. Sean Langan, U.e.G.Gold ring. small (date uncertain. but probably early Iron Age), Aughleernore..Killarney. Co. Kerry.Gold" ring money." Ballina district. Co. Mayo; through Mr. T. Davidson,Leitrim House. Wicklow.Bronze spear-butt and a bronze ring (the latter probably also Early Iron Age),from the River Shannon at Killaloe, Co. Clare; through Mr. A. B. Killeen, CivilEngineering Department. Killaloe.(3) EARLY CHRISTIAN. PRE-NORMAN.SETTLEMENTFINDS.Finds discovered during excavation of a stone fort. called Cahircommaun Fortin the townland of T'uilycommon, Co. Clare. Excavated by the Third HarvardUniversity Archaeological Mission to Ireland. The excavation party consistedof Dr. H. O'Neill Hencken, Mr. J. O. Brew, M.A.. and Mr. F. L. VV. Richardson,B.A .. all from Harvard, assisted by Miss M. E. de Putron, District Justice LiamPrice. Mr. S. 0 Reach tabhra, and Mr. Gerard Brett, Corpus Christi College.Oxford. Amongst the finds a beautiful silver penannular brooch deservesparticular mention.Eleven copper and bronze pins and needles from the Corstal site at M agheragallan,Co. Donegal; presented by Rev. J. Cunningham, e.C .• Glenties.Settlement relics from the" Temair Erann " site. Gush. Co. Limerick.. Two stone weights. two stone spindle whorls. bronze pin and bone nettingimplement ; from kitchen Middens on Inishkea North Island. Co. Mayo. ThroughM1SSMary K. Cronin, N.T .. Aughleam N.S.Settlement relics. associated with numerous graves of what is obviously theEarly Christian period from an ancient ecclesiastic site at Collierstoum, Co.Meath. Excavated. Finds deposited by Office of Public Works.Findsbtai d f . .0 ame rom the first season of excavation work at the Lagore orCoDunshaughlinMCranno. g.townId'an s of Lagore Big, Dwnsbaughlin.and Ratoaib,B.Ch.ea~·A ~spec1al ac~nowledgment is due to Prof. J. Bayley Butler. M.A .• M.B.kindn~s : . "d Zool?g1cal Department. University College. Dublin. for hiss rn un ertakmg to treat dwooden obJ'e t f d an restore in his laboratory some of the bestc s oun. The work dTodd, of the laboratory. was one under his supervision. by Mr. N. C.Monumental slabs. arChitectural fecclesiastic site at Gallen C Off ragments and stray finds. from the famousI' ' o. aly Eon oa.n m the Museum durin th' xcavated. Some of the best finds wereExcavation Results was On th g k e penod at which the Special Exhibition ofSun . . an s to th kiperioress, Gallen Priory. e mdness of Rev. Mother Lucy Dunne,Habitation relics from thcavated. Finds presented by Mre\V~~ve at Kilg reany. Co. Waterford. Ex-. lams and Mr. Patrick Moroney respectively.n'

232Habitation relics, associated with a large number of interments at Kilteracemetery. Dromore, parish Aglish, Co. Waterford. Excavated. The skeletonswere so decomposed that they were left behind.BI'RIALS.Iron sword and spear-head, found with a skeleton in the Viking cemetery atIslandbridge, Dublin; through Capt. D. Campbell, and Mr. T. J. Byrne, PrincipalArchitect, O.P.W., Dublin.Collierstoum, Co. Meath.Contents of a Viking burial, consisting of an iron axe, fragmented bone comb,etc., found above a souterrain at Drakestoum, Co. Meath. Presented by Mr.Bernard Hoey, Castletown, Navan, through Rev. R. R. CaUary, P.P., Castletown.Thanks for information are due also to Sergeant P. Gilmartin, Garda Siochana,Georgestown.Ogam stone from Gortalea, Tralee, Co. Kerry. Acquired by the Royal IrishAcademy, through the Editorial Department of " The Irish Press," Dublin.OTHERFINDS.The" Monsell of Tervoe Shrine," a famous early Christian tomb-tor house-)shaped reliquary of the period of the best Irish style (about A.D. 800). known inthe literature as " Lord Emly's Shrine." This object has been lost for manyyears, but has been retraced by Commander E. Monsell,R.N., Tervoe, Clarina,Co. Limerick, who kindly deposited it on loan in the National Museum.Ecclesiastical bell of iron, bronze-coated, Balla, Co. Mayo; lent by Mr. P. E.Mullaney, N.T., Balla N.S.Bronze bell from the River Shannon at Killaloe, Co. Clare; through Mr. A. B.Killeen.Iron bell, Rathlough, Ardclogher, Mantua, Co. Roscommon: presented byMr. M. Sandys, Skerries.Bronze penannular brooch, beautifully enamelled, Arthurstown, Co. Kildare.Bronze penannular brooch, Ballinacor, Co. Westmeath.Bronze ring-pin, Boghil, Co. Clare; through Mr. Sean MacConmara, Noughaville,Kilfenora.Bronze pin, Orney Island, Co. Galway; through Mr. P. Conroy. CladachDubh, Clifden.Bronze ring-pin, Corcamore, Co. Limerick; presented by Rev. M. Moloney,Diocesan Secretary, Corbally.Bronze, ring-pin, Inishkea North Island, Co. Mayo; through Mr. C. S.McNeill DunLaoghaire.(4) POST-NORMAN.Small chest of yew wood, late mediaeval, with bronze mountings and anattempt of incised decoration, betraying Celtic artistic heritage; from bog atKnockmore: Kilmihil, Co. Clare.Rectangular monumental slab from St. Brigid's Cemetery, Faughart Lower,Co. Louth. Presented by Rev. P. A. McICee, P.P., Kilcurry, Dundalk. Afragment missing of the top portion of the stone was afterwards presented byMr. H. Morris, Dublin.Bone, small" Penal Cross," Killawillin, Co. Cork; through Mr. F. T. Riley,M.Se., T.C.D.Two" Penal Crosses," Co. Antrim.Another" Penal Cross," Dublin.Another, Baliagbaderreen, Co. Mayo; presented by Mr. P. J. O'Daly, C.E.,Carrickmacross. Large bronze cooking-vessel, bog at Ballyvaskin South, Co.Clare.Two hundred and twenty-five chipped flints, probably gun flints, found in a233brick vault in Charwar th Terrace, Dublin; presented on behalf of the Earl ofMeath, by Mr. V. C. Le Fanu, Estate Office, Bray.Iron pike, Weatherfort, Clogher, Claremorris, Co. Mayo, through Mr. SeanLangan.Iron pike, Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan; presented by Mr. P. J. O'Daly,C.E., Carrickmacross.Iron pike, Corbane, Co. Monaghan; same donor.(5) AGE UNCERTAIN.Burren, parish Touaghty, Co. Mayo, and Dromore, parish Aglish, Co. Waterford.Bronze ball, Manture, Co. Roscommon.Bronze mounting, Crurnlin, Co. Antrim.Small copper pin, Mogheragallan, Gweedore, Co. Donegal; presented byRev. J. Cunningham, C.C., Glenties.Bronze button (?), Whitstone, Borrisokane, Co. Tipperary; presented byMr. John McKenna, Whitstone.Iron axe, New Brook, Taugheen, Co. Mayo; presented by Mr. Sean Langan.Iron spear-head, Owenmore River, near Ballymote, Co. Sligo.Stone bead, Carhuduff, Ennistymon, Co. Clare, through Mr. Patrick Hillery,Junr., Carhuduff.Pivot stone, same locality, and another from the Shannon at Killaloe, Co. Clare.Two enigmatic stone objects, probably artifacts, Kingston, Co. Dublin;presented by Dr. J. Spencer-Sheill, Dublin.Small stone vessel, Lea Castle, Co. Leix.Round stone with perforation, Ballina district, Co, Mayo; through Mr. T.Davidson, Wicklow.Hammer stone, Belderg Beg, Co. Mayo; presented, on behalf of Mr. MartinJoe O'Boyle, Ballina, by Mr. Patrick Caulfield, N.T., Belderrig N.S.Stone spindle-whorl, Tallagh bog, Belmullet, Co. Mayo; presented by Mr.Edward Tighe, TaUagh, Belmullet.Stone spindle-whorl, Knocknashamroge, Co. Wicklow; presented by Mr.Patrick O'Toole, N.T., Hacketstown.Hone, Ballyknockan , parish Kiltegan, Co. Wicklow ; through Mr. O'Toole,as before.Stone object of unknown use, Greaghlane, Co. Monaghan; presented by Mr.P. J. O'Daly, C.E., Carrickrnacross.Leather shoe, Ballaghaderreen, Co. Mayo; same donor.Leather pouch, Cloneen bog, Carrownagullagh, Strokestown.Wooden trough (cradle ?), from bog at Gortygeeheen, Co. Clare; throughSergeant Eugene Daly, Garda Siochana, Lisacasey.Paddle, Ballyegan, Co. Kerry; presented by Mr. Maurice Walsh, Dublin.Group of wooden stakes from a bog at Lower Drumulton, Keleentierna, Co.Kerry; through Mr. T. M. Donovan, Castleisland.WOOden object, possibly a weaver's sword from bog at Caluerstoum, Co.J

FOOD' PREPARATION, COOKING, ETC.234Tuosist district, Killarney, Co. Kerry. Collected for the Museum by Mr. DermotO'Sullivan, N.T., Lehud N.S., Tuosist.A similar collection of sixteen different appliances from the Hacketstowndistrict, Co. Carlow. Collected for the Museum by Mr. Patr iek O'Toole, .T.,Main Street, Hacketstown. .Another consisting of twenty-five objects, Co. Dublin ..TILLAGE, HARVESTING, HAY-MAKING, ETC.Slane for potato-planting and spade, Ardea, Tuosist; Killarney, Co. Kerry;fir axe, Derrylough, Tuosist; and two furze-cutters; all through Mr. O'Sullivan,as before.DOMESTICANIMALS.Two whips of local manufacture, Killarney, Co. KeHY; presented by Mr,Seamus O'Duilearga, M.A., Director, Irish Folklore Commission.Singeing-lamp for horse, Castlerea district, Co. Roscommon.Drenching-horn and muzzle for calf, Hacketstown district, Co. Carlow ~through Mr. Patrick O'Toole, N.T., Main Street, Hacketstown.Iron cattle-brander, Co. Dublin.FISHERIES.Salmon spear, Hacketstown District, Co. Carlow; throngh Mr. PatrickO'Toole, N.T., as before.Model of a naomh6g (Curach), Cuas an Bhodaigh, Dingle, Co. Kerry; presentedby Bro. P. T. 0 Riain of Dingle, St. Vincent's Orphanage, Glasnevin, Dublin;through Mr. 0 Duilearga, M.A.Appliance for making fishing-lines, called cair lusnai, Seanachill, Baile nanGall, Dingle, Co. Kerry.Appliance for making snooding, used in fishing, Inishkea South Island, Co,Mayo; through Miss M. K. Cronin, N.T., Aughleam N.S., Blacksod.Poacher's net, River Barrow, near Graiguenamanagh, Co. Kilkenny; presentedby Mr .Ernest P. C. Neill, B.E., Belfast, through Mr. A. W. Stelfox.Iron eel-spear, Ballaghaderreen, Co. Mayo; presented by Mr. P. J. O'Daly,C.E., Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan.DAIRYING.Churn, Clonburn, Co. Galway.Old-type churn, Newport, Co. Mayo; through Mr. Martin Sweeney, ewport;Noggin, Kilnaleck, Co. Cavan; presented by Dr. John C. Kirwan, Kilnaleck ,Skillet, used for boiling potatoes or fish, Drombohilly, Co. Kerry; griddle.and griddle stand, Tuosist, Killarney, Co. Kerry; through Mr. Dermot O'Sullivan,.as before.Meat fork, cabbage fork and herring roaster, Hacketstown district, Co.Carlow; through Mr. Patrick O'Toole, N.T., as before.Horn spoon, Ballinahone, Emyvale, Co. Monaghan; presented by Mr. P. J.O'Hanlon, N.T., Glaslough, through Mr. Joseph Hanly, Dublin.Pewter tankard, Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan; presented by Mr. P. J ..O'Daly, C.E., Carrickrnacross.Wooden flask for spices, staved; wooden tumbler; two wooden egg cups andfour horn Spoons; all Co. Dublin.Horn Spoon, Armoy, Co. Antrim.SPINNING, WEAVING, ETC.Reel, Co. Longford; presented by Rev. Prof. Michael Kearney, St. MelsCollege, Longford.Spinning-wheel, Clonburn, Co, Galway.235Linen cap.ras worn 'by o1d women in County GaJway, Corrandulla, Co. Galway;'through District Justice Sean MacGiollarnath, Gaillimh.Bronze linen stamp, Kilrnurry, Emyvale, Co. Monaghan. Presented by Mr.P. J. O'Hanlon, N.T_, -Cloncaw N.S.D:rFFERENT ApPLIANCES.Thatcher's needle and rake, Hacketstown -district, Co. Carlow; through Mr.Patrick O'Toole, N.T., as before.Thatcher's needle, Carhuduff, Ennistymon.Thatcher's hammer and mallet, near 'Tuam, -Co. Galway; presented by Dr.T. B. Costello, M.R.I.A., Tuam.Wick-burners, Cashla, Costello; presented by Dr. Myles Dillon, Lecturer,'U.C.D., and by Mrs. Patrick Gavin.Shell lamp (cumog), Ballrnskelfigs, -Co, Kerry : presented by Mr. Seamuso Duilearga, M.A.Iron candlestick, Dublin; presented by Mrs. Clara Boog, Blackrock.Iron rush-light holder, Drombohilly Lower, Co. Kerry; through Mr. Diarmuid-O'Sullrvan, N.T., as before.Iron rushlight-holder, Castlerea, Go. Roscommon.Rushlight-holder and candlestick combined, Crosscool Harbour, KilbrideParish, Co. Wicklow.Brass lamps, Ballymoney, Co. Antrim.Tinder box, Co. Antrim.Iron light-snuffers, Emlagbyroyin, Co. Roscommon; presented by Mr. WilliamScanlon, Donamon. Thanks are due to Mr. Patrick Tohall, Land Commission,Roscommon.Appliance for twisting stray; ropes, called crucan, and sea-weed rake, calledraca femanaige; Seanachill, Baile na nGall, Dingle, Co. Kerry.Iron anvil, Lifford, Co. Donegal.Hedge schoolmaster's ink pot {end of 18th century), Co. Waterford; lent byMrs. R. Barrington, Dublin.Nether half of stone bullet mould, in the shape of a shoe, and brass powderhorn, Billis, Glaslough, Co. .Monaghan: presented by Mr. P. J. O'Hanlon, N.T.,Cloncaw IS., Glaslough.Whisk, two tallying-irons, iron compass, tongs, balance and ouncels, Co.Dublin.Stand for holding candles at wakes, Orlar, Ballyhaunis, Co. Mayo; presentedby Mr. Owen Nyland, Orlar, Ballyhaunis, through Mr. Patrick Kenny, Urlaur,Ballyhaunis.Bowling-stone, used in an old folk game, Ennistymon, Co. Clare.Stone axe and five flint chips, one out of them being rather implement-like;used as charms against human and animal diseases in the Burrishoole parish,·Co. Mayo.St. Brighid's Cross of rushes found in the chamber of the dolmen at Dwntryleague,Co. Limerick; presented by Mr. S. P. 0 RiOl'dan, M.A.(7) COMPARATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS.Bronze vase, Pompeii: presented by Mrs. Alfred Hamilton, Dublin.Fayence figurine, Baalbeck; presented by Rev. D. N. Gillman. Lucan.(8) E!x:NOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS.Khrrglz Costume.Two tibetianBritish Cl'h ta s presented.by Major W. R. McDonne11 PS'arr,htaaruc on,o umb'a.AncientA~~~bronze bell Chi,~. ..brooch' f yl hrooches very reminiscent of the early Chnsttan penannulares 0 Ireland '; through Rev. John Bannon, :'\1.A., C.C., Ferbane.

236Powder flask an satchel, Morocco; presented by Mrs. R. J. Moss. Ballybrack ,Strike-a-light, Morocco.Carved head of wood, Nigeria.Bow and six arrows in case, Northern Nigeria; presented by Miss E. E. Ross,Dublin.Head-dress, etc., of secret female society, Sierra Leone; presented by Mr,A. W. Lindsay, B.A., Dublin.Clay vessel, Mava civilisation, and another, Guatemala; presented by His.Excellency, Herrn von Kuhlmann, German Minister to the Irish Free State.Two stone axes, Venezuela; presented by Mr. vV. A. Dowley, Claremorris.Stone axe in wooden handle and wooden club, D'Entrecasteaux Islands,New Guinea.Basket and fan, Fiji; presented by Mrs. Alfred Hamilton, Dublin.Two clay bottles and basket, Fiji.Fan and two whale tooth pendants; Tonga Islands.Two wooden clubs, Polynesia.(9) OTHER ACQUISITIONS.Many photographs, illustrating Irish monuments and Archaeological objects,rural civilisation, etc.Il.-ART AND INDUSTRIAL DIVISION.GENERAL(a)ACQUISITIONS.PURCHASES.Silver asparagus server, Dublin, 1826.Large ivory crucifix, Italian, 17th century.Book of old English costume.Piece of old embroidered velvet. Irish, late 18th century.Brass side drum, Royal Dublin Fusiliers.Small pottery vase, Dunmore pottery, 19th century.Collection of one hundred and thirty Irish tokens.Staffordshire pottery teapot and sugar bowl. Heath & Son.Chinese white porcelain seal, found at Youghal, Co. Cork.Two panels of coloured embroidery. Irish 18th-19th century.Silver clasp engraved with harp crowned, 1800.Five silver pennies of Edward Ill., found in Ireland.Silver ladle, Dublin, C.1760-70.Silver medal, Kingstown School, by J. Jones, Dublin.Cut glass bowl, Cork, early 19th century.Lusitania medal, German, by K. Goetz.Green glass butter dish and stand, Irish, c. 1800.Mahogany arm chair, formerly belonging to W. Smith O'Brien.Twelve volumes of cuttings from 18th century Irish newspapers.Silver gilt badge of the Pitt Club.Small travelling trunk, by C. Devereux, Dublin, c. 1750.Charles Stewart Parnell's muzzle-loading revolver.Two silver medals, Portarlington Agricultural Society, by I. Parkes, Dublin.Gilt breast plate, Bank Infantry, Dublin, 1803.Silver medal, Wesley College, by J. C. Parkes, Dublin.Plate enamelled pottery, Dublin, 18th century.Small coat of the 1782 Clu b, Dublin, c. 1840.Gold mounted sword, formerly belonging to the Maguire family. French, 1759..sIlver bowl and cover, Dublin, 1719. By Philip Kinnersley.237Shawl, Asia-Minor, 18th-19th century.Panel of Irish gros-point embroidery, c. 1750.Service of forty-four pieces of enamelled pottery, Dublin, c. 1760.Two dancing masters' violins, Irish and English, early 19th century ..Cut-glass water jug, Cork, c. 1790.Two silver Jubilee crown pieces, 1935.Silver breast plate, Loyal Bandon Legion, 1810.Brass breast plate, Rathangan Cavalry, 1796.Silver medal, Masonic School, Dublin, by J. Woodhouse.Huelva shirt, embroidered, Spanish, 17th century.(b) DONATIONS.Polish Ikon, plaster plaque and two silver bangles, given by Mrs. A. Hamilton,Palmerston Road, Dublin.Bayonet made in Dublin, 1916. Given by Fr. Derrnot, O.M. Cap., Rochestown,Co. Cork.Silver-plated Button, Doneraile Cavalry, 1796. Given by Dermot E. Buckley,El mvale, Co. Cork.Examples of white embroidery, cap and dress lengths, English, late 18thcentury. Given by Mrs. F. Brunton, Kenilwor th ' Square, Dublin.Chondrometer in case, by Spear, Dublin, early 19th century. Given byThomas Mason, Esq., Dame Street, Dublin.Two old iron cannons from Pocklington Manor, Yorkshire. Given by Mrs.C. M. O'Reilly, Rathneston House, Ardee, Co. Louth.Two military badges and epaulets. Given by Miss E. Lynch, Barna House,Galway.Silver medal, Musical Society, Galway, 1785. Given by J. Wallace, Esq.Toomevara, Limerick.IHelmet of the Papal Guard and Papal Guard badges. Given by the Marquess,MacSwiney of Mashanaglass, Upper Fitzwilliam Street, Dublin.Pair of Lady's boots, Dublin, late 19th century. Given by D. M. Doyle, Esq.,Glenealy, Co. Wicklow.Two small dolls, dressed in the year 1873. Given anonymously.Old iron key, from Castletown, Co. Kildare. Given by A. Lane Joynt Esq.,4 St. Stepherr's Green, Dublin.Pass to Killiney Obelisk, early 19th century. Given by H. G. Leask, Esq.,St. Stepheri's Green, Dublin.Cut and engraved glass decanter, Waterford, c. 1790. Given by Mrs. A. R.MacMullen, Oriel House, Ballincollig Co. Cork.Three printed notices of Wexford Election, 1818. Given by F. Heneghen,Lower Church Street, Enniscorthy.Two Chinese Currency Notes, issued by the Chinese Reds in the Province ofKiangsi. Given by The Speaker, Dail Eireann.Electrotype of silver counter, said to be Irish, 16th century. Given by V. B.Crowther-Beynon Esq., Beckenham, Kent.Silver cup, given by Earl Talbot to the Farming Society of Ireland 1821 setof Insh F S . . ' ,b E ree tate coins and Silver medal, Bective School, Dublin, 1834. GivenYF' . R McC. DIX, Esq., Clare Street, Dublin.rve nfles two sh t th ..and E ' 0 guns, ree pistols and three bayonets.-French Germanastern Given b C tai FM'Large .' . y ap am . ew, Ordnance Survey Office, Dublin.mirror m gilt hi d I fDevane p' C ippen a e rame, 18th century. Given by Mrs. VeraE ' arnell Square Dublin- namellect Pott ' :::Iloorhead F' ery shoe, made m Belfast, 1724. Given by Mrs. Mai BeatriceTuam B' ltzwilliam Street, Dublin.ank N tmaddan SI' 0 e, one guinea, 1813. Given by P. J. MacDermott, Burma-, 'go .

238Copper Token, French Revolution. Given by Sea n Langan, UniversityCollege, Galway.Bronze medal for saving fife at sea. By Alber t Power. Given by the Ministerfor Industry and Commerce.Child's mahogany swinging cradle, Irish early 19th century. Given by Mrs.Leslie Pielou, Sandford Road, Dublin.Lead copy of Cusack Prize Medal, Dr. Stevens' Hospital, Dublin. Given by]. Speidal, Esq., Sydney Parade, Dublin.Medal, white metal, Edward Smyth, by \V. Woodhouse. Given by C. P-Curran , Esq., Garville Avenue, Dublin.Portuguese Copper Coin, John VI., 1824. Given by Mr. Patrick O'Callaghan,Coolclogher, Killarney.Wrought iron candelabrum, 19th century. Given by Mr. Francis Cockran ,Hanover Square, Dublin.Embroidered Pocket Book, from Tetuan, dated 1775. Given by Mr. P. j.O'Hanlon, Cloncaw, Glasslough, Co. Monaghan.(c) LOANS.Gold mounted crystal locket, inscribed "Roderick O'Con nor Dunn. DyedFeb. 22nd, 172:!." Lent by Mrs. O'Connor Eccles, London.Pair of French Silk Mittens. Lent by Miss A. K. Longfield, Dublin.Collection of forty pieces of Dublin 18th century Silver. Lent by Captain'Cecil West, Dublin.Framed engraving of Daniel O'ConneU after Mr. Gubbins. Lent by Mr. Amos.Gibney, Dublin. .A bundle of crimping sticks, c. 1800. White quilt, dated 1710 and a quiltembroidered in coloured silk. Lent by Mrs. Richard Barrington, Dublm.Oval Dish in the form of a sitting hen and a German 18th century silver spoon,Lent by the Revd. T. W. O'Ryan, Dublin.Fountain, enamelled pottery, Dublin, c. 1760. Lent by L. O'Callaghan, Esq.,Dublin.NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE MOVE:ME 'T SECTION.(a)DONATIOl\S.Original Edition of the" Irish War News." Given by Mr. A. Walsh, F.I.P.IDublin.The National Flag which replaced the Union Jack over Dun Laoghaire on theEvacuation of the British Forces. Given by Mr. J. J. Fitzgerald, Dalkey.Last known despatch of General Michael Collins. Given by Mr. ]. J. Fitzgerald,Dalkey. .Military permits issued during the Rising of 1916. GIven by Mr. T. H_Downey, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin. .A letter of authorisation to collect" Howth Rifles" written by the late Liam,Mellows. Given by Mr. J. H. Hanvey, 11 Clonliffe Gardens, Dublin. .A certificate (facsimile) issued in Ballyhaunis to subscribers of the NatIOnalDefence Fund. Given by Dr. M. F. Waldron.A collection of prison souvenirs from Belfast Jail, 1918. Given by Mr. C.Mullen, Ringsend Road, Dublin.A collection of prison souvenirs and historic documents. Given by Mrs.Rose Kelly, Irishtown Road.A holograph letter by Countess de Markievicz. Given by Mr. Harry Wal'pole;Sutton Cross.Two sketches drawn by donor in 1922. Given by Mr. Matthew Barry, Howth.A collection of historic photographs and a copy of .. The Republic," printed!in Cape Town. Given by Ailbhe 0 Monacha.in.239A written order received by donor from Thomas MacDonagh on Good FridayNight, 1916. Given by Mr. R. Stokes, Skerries.A letter written by the late Kevin Barry in Mount joy Jail. Given by Mrs.Frances Lemass, Palmerstown Road, Dublin.A permit issued to Donor by Volunteers, 4/9/20. Given by Mr. H. T. Gallagher,Tallaght, Co. Dublin.An early type of land-mine case. Given by Mr. H. Fairtlough, Drogheda.A " Howth Baton." Given by Mr. M. C. McGinn, Rosslare.A prison autograph album with the names of the Mount joy Hunger Strikers.Given by Mr. Michael McMahon, ]\I.C.C., Kilrush.One of the leaflets dropped by British 'planes over Kilfinane in 1921. Givenby Mr. D. F. O'Shaughnessy, Kilfinane.An overcoat of Irish Frieze, worn by Sir Roger Casement on landing from thesubmarine at Banna Strand in 1916. Given by Mr. Torn Casement.A first-aid badge used by the Volunteers in 1916. Given by Mr. J. Doolan,147 Harold's Cross Road.A collection of historic photographs. Given by Mr. J. F. Fitzpatrick, 36 LowerSean McDermott Street.A portion of the flag flown over the G.P.O. during Easter Week, 1916. Givenby Mr. J. F. Fitzpatrick, Dublin.A collection of historic photographs and papers. Given by Mr. MichaelKeogh, Drumcondra.A collection of prison souvenirs from Belfast Jail, 1918. Given by Mrs. K.O'Lee, Belfast.The Ballykinlar Flag. Given by Proinnsias 6 Dubhthaigh.A collection of historic photographs and original documents of the I.R.A.(1920-1921). Given by Major-Generat M. Brennan.The Medical Report on Thomas Ashe, dated September 25th, 1917. Depositedby the Ministry of Defence.The Uniform of the Casement Brigade. Deposited by the Ministry of Defence.A collection of historic photographs. Deposited by the Ministry of Defence.A collection of historic photographs. Given by " The Irish Press," Ltd.Receipt and covering letter written to donor by the late Most Rev. DoctorW. J. Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin. Thereceipt, dated Jan. 9th, 1917, was for£69 15s. Od., collected from Charitable Irishmen in the Republic of China, and toIbe applied for the relief of the dependants. Given by Dominick L. Twomey,Senr., San Francisco.A brown trunk containing personal effects of the late Sir Roger Casement.Given by Mr. J. McGarrity, Philadelphia.An Irish Citizen Army Uniform, worn in the College of Surgeons, Easter Week,1916. Given by Captain Robert De Couer.An Irish Citizen Army Uniform of the pattern worn after Easter Week, 1916.Given by Mr. C. Crothers, Inchicore.A steel bullet-proof waistcoat worn by Officers of the British Secret Servicein Ireland. Given by Mr. C. Crothers, Inchicore.A collection of historic photographs. Given by Keogh Bros., Ltd.The boots in which Harry Boland concealed the official documents during hisvoyage as ship's stoker to the United States, May, 1919. Given by DiarmuidLynch.Two Copies of " Barbed v'lire" (Ballykinlar). Given by Mr. J. J. Burke,Ranelagh, Dublin.A collection of historic documents and letters. Given by Miss Madge Daly,Limerick.A " Howth " Rifle inscribed" Tom Clarke to John Daly, One of the first-two pieces landed at Howth Pier, Dublin, 26th July, 1914." Given by MissMadge Daly, Limerick.

240A collection of historic photographs. Given by " The Capuchin Annual."A collection of historic pamphlets. Given by Mrs. Erskine Childers.A copy of the Proclamation issued from the Four Courts, June 28, 1922_Given by P. S. Wakefield, Esq., Loughborough, England.A collection of historic photographs. Given by Independent Newspapers, Ltd.An Official Communique issued from Dublin Castle, April 29th, 1916. Givenby Mr. Timothy Galavan, Drumcondra.A collection of photographs. Given by Mr. J. Byrne, National Museum.A large photograph of the Kevin Barry Memorial Window. Given by theHarry Clarke Studio, Ltd.A sword taken by Liam Lynch in his attack on Mallow Barracks, Sept., 1920.Given by Mr. L. Mongey, Dungarvan.The keys of the Irish Volunteer Headquarters (previous to 1916). Given byMr. B. Mellows.A collection of souvenirs from Portland and Lewes Jails (1916). Given byMr. J. J. Brennan, K.C.R., Dublin.A bullet-pierced green hat worn by Francis Macken during Easter Week, 1916_Given by Mr. John J. Macken, N.C.R., Dublin.A bullet-pierced felt hat stated to have been worn by James Connolly duringEaster Week, 1916. Given anonymously.A collection of historic photographs and pamphlets. Given by Mr. J. P-Flynn, Nenagh.A meerschaum pipe, presented in 1914 by Tom Clarke to donor. Given byMr. Joe Kelly, 11 Upper Dominick Street, Dublin.A home-made weapon of defence, made for the Volunteers in 1914. Given byMr. J. Gough, Athlone.The War Pipers' Costume which belonged to Eamonn Ceannt. Given by Mrs,E. Ceannt.A copy of " Saoirse "-the Spike Island Journal (1921). Given by Mr. P. J-Ryan, Nenagh.A collection of historic photographs. Given by Mrs. R. Keeble, Rathgar..A collection of historic documents and photographs. Given by Mr. Sean T_o Ceallaigh, T.D.The Sinn Fein Rebellion Handbook. Given by The Irish Times, Ltd.The Mayoral Robe worn by the late Michael O'Callaghan, Mayor of Limerick.Given by Mrs. M. O'Callaghan, Limerick.A collection of historic documents and photographs. Given by Mrs. M.O'Callaghan, Limerick.The court-martial Sentence of Death passed on Joe Dowling-" the man in theboat" (1918). Given by Mrs. J. Dowling, London.A collection of sketches drawn by the late Cathal Mac Dubhghaill while aprisoner in Frongoch, 1916. Given by Mrs. Maeve Cavanagh MacDowel1.A collection of historic photographs. Given by Miss Ita O'Connor, 12 AppianWay, Dublin.An eider-down quilt used by Volunteers in the College of Surgeons duringEaster Week, 1916. Given by Professor Liam O'Briain, Galway Universitv.A membership card of " An Cum ann Cosanta," signed by Bulmer Hobson.Given by Mr. ] oe 0 Connor.A ballad by "Thausaguth." Given by Michea l Breathnach, M.A.A seven-chamber revolver which belonged to Rory O'Connor. Given by Mr.K. Downey, Inchicore.An indenture of Apprenticeship to the Dublin Silk Weaving Trade, signed byMichael Mallin. Given by Mr. Nicholas Alexander, 37 Long Lane, Dublin.Two Proclamations issued by the British in 1920 and 1921. Given by Mr.D. J. Hegarty, Mallow.A collection of illustrations. Given by Mr. J. C. Downey, Limerick.241A small land-mine case and five distinct types of hand grenades manufacturednear Macroom (1920-1921). Given by Officers of the 7th Batt. Cork No. 1Brigade.A collection of historic photographs and documents. Given by Mr. J.J\IcGarvey, Ballymena.The parabellum used by Sean Treacy. Given by Searnus Robinson, Dan Breenand Sean Hogan.A Verey Light pistol captured at Drangan Barracks, Co. Tipperary (1920).GIVen by Mrs. J. Delaney, 71 Heytesbury Street, Dublin.A letter written by Major John Mac Bride, 12/2/14. Given by Mr. P. Murphy,LIverpool.A collection of documents, photographs and historic letters. Given bySenator Mrs. Kathleen Clarke.The casket of oak in which the Freedom of the City of Limerick was presentedto Thomas J. Clarke, March 2, 1899. Given by Senator Mrs. Kathleen Clarke(b) LOANS.An Irish Volunteer tunic, worn at Enniscorthy in 1916. Lent by Mr. P. J.O'Byrne, Enniscorthy.A collection of arms including a " Howth " Rifle, a" Carson " Rifle, a" G.H.Q."home-made grenade, and a Mills bomb. Lent by Mr. J. J. Kerr, P.C., 67 LowerMount Street, Dublin.Two bronze medals struck in Germany in honour of Sir Roger Casement.Lent by Mr. P. J. Hurley, 1 High Street, Dublin.A home-made bandolier. Lent by Mr. H. Devey, 81 Bride Street, Dublin.Sketches from Frongoch Camp, 1916. Lent by Mr. J. O'Connor, 101 ClonliffeAvenue, Dublin.A collection of prison souvenirs from Belfast Jail, 1918. Lent by Mrs.McCarthy, Belfast.An imitation Glengarry cap and whistle, used by lender in the escape fromMount joy, Nov. 12, 1921. Lent by ::VIr.Liam Troy, 6 Coastguard Cottages,Dun Laoghaire.A letter written by Kevin Barry in Mount joy Prison, 5/10/,20. Lent by Mr.J. Doyle, Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow.A number of photographs in connection with Kevin Barry. Lent by Mrs.Rose Kelly, Ringsend.An internment order for Frongoch, 1916. Lent by Mr. J. Kenny, Rathfarnham.A holy picture inscribed with a last message by Paddy Moran. Lent by Mr.J. Daly, Berkeley Road, Dublin.A holster and officer's whistle, which belonged to Dick McKee. Lent by MissMarre McKee, Finglas, Co. Dublin.An internment ·order. Lent by Doctor P. J. Doyle, Shinrone, Offaly.A large lock formerly on one of the gates of Kilmainham Prison. It was cutien to effect the escape of Simon Donnelly, Frank Teeling and Ernest O'Malley,e.b. 14, 1921. Lent anonymously.Two prison autograph albums. Lent by Major General M. Brennan.A message written by Arthur Griffith to John Devoy, Jan. 18, 1917. Lentanonymously.A letter written by the Countess de Markievicz, dated 4/9f'l9. Anonymously.A Wristlet watch used by Countess de Markievicz in 1916. Lent anonymously.A postal telegraph sign recovered from the ruins of the G.P.O., 1916. Lentanonymously.11An Irish Volunteer's cap and a collection of Volunteer buckles. Lent by• ·A S .D. Westwopp, M.R.I.A.pnson autograph album. Lent by Mr. F. eondron.

242A collection of Easter week mobilisation orders and a Volurrteers Diary.Lent by Earnonn Bulfin, Derrinlough House, Birr.A collection of arms, including one Italian magazineand sets of equipment as used by the Volunteers in 1916.of Defence.rifle, foreign bayonetsLent by the MinistryA first-aid outfit given by Commandant Ed. Daly to his sister on the morningof his execution. Lent by Mrs. Daly-O'Sullivan.A Volunteer's cap badge, rank badge and tunic buttons from CommandantEd. Daly's uniform. Lent by Mrs. Daly-O'Sullivan.The M.A. gown which belonged to Thomas MacDonagh. Lent by Mr. DonaghMacDonagh.The death-mask of General Michael Collins. Lent by Albert Power, RH.A.The death-mask of Arthur Griffith. Lent by Albert Power, RH.A.A set of Ballykinlar tokens of the type used by the Volunteers. Lent byDoctor T. B. Costello, Tuam.Three Ballykinlar cheques of the type issued by the British. Lent by DoctorT. B. Costello, Tuam.Terence MacSwiney : head in marble by Albert Power, RH.A. Lent by J. CDowdall, LL.D., Cork.The convict cap worn by the late Harry Boland in Dartmoor Prison. Lentby Mrs. Sean O'Donovan, Clontarf.A message to his mother thrown out of a motor by Harry Boland when he wasbeing removed from Lewes Prison to Maidstone. Lent by Mrs. Sea n O'Donovan,-Clontarf.Two cheques; one signed by the O'Rahilly : the other by Eamonn Ceannt.Lent by Proinsias 0 Fathaigh.A reproduction of the Madonna and Child by F. Margotti-Thomas Mac-Donagh's last gift to his sister. Lent anonymously.A series of historic photographs. Lent by Art O'Murnaghan.The mauser automatic (and case) used by Commandant General P. H. Pearsein the G.P-,O., 1916. Lent by Doctor Lawrence Moran (England).The automatic pistol used by Major John MacBride in 1916. Lent by DoctorLawrence Moran.Sea n MacDermott's watch, given by him to the lender in Richmond Barracks.May 8, 1916. Lent by Mr. B. Mellows.The riding lamp of the yacht" Asgard." Lent by Mrs. Erskine Childers.The ink-knife and brass" shooter" used in the printing of the Proclamation-of the Irish Republic, 1-916. Lent by Mr. C. Brady, Cabra.The bullet-pierced green hat worn by Commandant Michael Mallin in 1916.Lent by Mr. S. MaUin, 86 S.c.R., Kilmainham.An Irish -Citizen Army uniform and hat. Lent by Mrs. Sean O'Neill , 14-Grenville Street, Dublin.Haversack, water-bottle and first-aid outfit used by Volunteers in 1916.Lent by Mrs. Liarn O'Gorman, 16 Drumcondra Park.A conviot badge from Stafford Jail, 1916. Lent by Mrs. Liam O'Gorman.Souvenirs from Frongoch, 1916. Lent by Mrs. E. M. Duffy, Fairview.A collection -of documents and photographs. Lent by l\lr. Aidan Connolly,Lnchicore.Order to .disba nd for Enniscorthy Volunteers in 1916. \\"ritten by P. H.Pearse when a prisoner in Arbour Hill. Lent bv Searnus 0 Dubhghaill, LochgCarman. -MSS written by P. H. Pear se of his oration to ''''ex ford Volunteers on VinegarHill, Sept. 26, 1915. Lent by Scarnu s 0 Dubhghaill, Loch gCarman.The slide of the condemned cell in Mount joy, showing a last message written.by Thomas Traynor. Lent by Mrs. T. Traynor, Mar ino, Clontarf... The Book of Ballykinlar." Lent by Rev. Thomas Burbage, P.P., Tmrylaud.CarJow~243The original 11SS. of the manifesto to the Irish Volunteers September 24th,1914. Lent by ::VIrs.Eamonn Ceannt. 'An electric lamp and small notebook which belonged to Micha el Collins. Lentby Mrs. J. x. Reilly, 29 Leinster Road.A collection of historic photographs. Lent by NIr.Eamonn Cearmts last letter to his countrymen.Ceannt.P. J. Twamley.Lent by Mrs. EamonnA .22 rifie, stated to have belonged to Captain Thomas Weafer. Lent by:\1r. L. Sweet.man , 13 Lower Buckingham Street, Dublin.Prison souvenirs which belonged to the Countess :\Iarkievicz. Lent by:\'[r. S. Murphy, 3A Old Church St., Dublin.A collection of journals. Lent by :\-Ir. Frank Murrav, 10 West John Street,Dublin.A prison autograph album. Lent by P. J. Treacy, M.A., Mountrath.A .. Fianna .. rifie. Lent by Mr. P. Byrne, 17 North Richmond Street.An Irish Volunteer's uniform. Lent by Peadar Bracken, Tullamore.A case containing the razor and hone used by Thomas J. Clarke, Lent byJohn R Reynolds, Sutton.IlI.-NATURAL HISTORY DIVISIOKBOTANICALSECTION.(u) DONATIO)lS AI'D NAMES OF DONORS.A collection of Hieracia and two parasitic Fungi from Co. Wicklow : J. P.Brunker, Esq., 18 Grosvenor Place, Dublin.Specimens of Erythraea littoralis : C. Pearson, Esq., 1 Alrna Road, Dublin ..Lunaria biennis : C. Crowther, Esq., Dublin.Three rare Irish Mosses : Rev. W. R. Megaw, The Manse, Rosetta, Belfast.Shoots of eight Trees: Rev. P. G. Kennedy, S.].. Emo Park, Laoighis.Linaria purpurea: The Hon. Mrs. Crofton, Ahascragh, Co. Galway.Convolvulus arvensis: Miss E. Armitage, Dad nor, Ross, Herefordshire.A parasitic Fungus: Rev. Brother T. J. Murphy, Tullamore.Two Irish l\Iosses: J. D. Hopper, Esq., Cookstown, Co. Tyrone.Specimen of Apium nodiflorum : P. Murtagh, Esq., Slane, Co. Meath.Orchis majalis; P. Verrneulen, Esq., Amsterdam.Crassula lycopodioides and a parasitic Fungus: Professor T. Dinan, UniversityCollege, Galwa v, -Centaurea solstitialis: Dr. W. Grimley, Ballymore, Moate, Co. Westmeath.Cnicus pratensis: M. S. D. Westropp, Esq., M.RI.A.Specimens of three alien plants of Co. Dublin: Dr. H. Bewley, 27 PembrokeRoad, Dublin.Specimen of Epilobium nummularifolium: Mrs. Verschoyle, 19 FitzwilliamSquare, Dublin.Bromus commutatus: :\1. J. Gorrnan, Esq., A.R.C.Sc.!., University College,Dublin.Laburnum Adami : Captain Wood Martin, R.N., Woodville,. Cleveragh,Co. Sligo.Sisymbrium pannonicum: The Rt. Hon. Jonatban Pim, Dublin.parasitic Fungus: Rev. Joseph McCorkell, Moville, Co. Donegal.A ..parasitic Fungus: Dr. R Lloyd Praeger.B.ulgana inquinans : C. J. LaTouche, Esq., M.Sc., University College, Dublin.SIX parasitic Fungi from Co. Wexford: Professor J. Doyle, D.Sc., UniversityCollege, Dublin.Mycogala macrospora: S. W. Webb, Esq., 14 Palmerston Gardens, Dublin •Herbarium of 4.300 sheets of Flowering Plants and Ferns, mainly Irish, and

244378 specimens of Mosses and Hepatics bequeathed by the late Dr. Reginald W.Scully of Rushbrooke, Co. Cork.(b) COLLECTED.500 specimens of Irish Fungi: mainly parasitic.50 specimens of Irish Flowering plants.(c) EXCHANGE.101 Specimens of American Plants, received in exchange from the GrayHerbarium, Harvard University,ZOOLOGICALSECTIOi{.(a) DONATIONS AND NAMES OF DO)lORS.Tooth of Elephas sp., probably Mammoth, found in Co. 'Waterford in 1873 :Mrs. E. G. Fayle, lIIerlin, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary.Tooth of Sperm 'Whale from the Cork Coast: Miss Frances Deasy, The PostOffice, Creagh, Sk ibbereen, per Professor Tattersall, Cardiff.Two Beetles from Co. Kerry: E. F. Bullock, Esq., High Street, Killarney.Four Clouded-yellow Butterflies and four Bees: J. A. J. Palmer, Esq., 14Airfield Road, Rathgar.Skulls and part Antlers of two Irish Giant Deer: The Committee for QuaternaryResearch.An Octopus: F. Gallagher, Esq., Belleview House, Station Road, Sutton.Collections of bones of Domestic and Wild Animals from several centres inIreland: Dr. H. O'Xeill Hencken, on behalf of the Harvard University ArchaeologicalMission.Basal portion of Skull of Irish Giant Deer: Master Eamon Waldron, Tierrnore,Kilmallock, Co. Limerick.Four sawflies and four Incheumons from Co. Down: Miss Helen Craig, RoxboroughTerrace, Rostrevor, Co. Down.Collection of Irish Sea-birds' Eggs: Miss Mary Morrison, Ravenswood,7 Sandycove Avenue, \"1., Dun Laoghaire.A Beetle: the Reverend E. J. Pearce, M.A., F.RE.S.: Breadsall Mount, nearDerby.Five Beetles: H. St. J. Donisthorpe, Esq., F.Z.S., F.RE.S., British Museum(Natural History).Two Slides of Foraminifera: Mrs. F. B. Plummer, Bureau of EconomicGeology, University of Texas, Austin, U.S.A.Collection of Lepidoptera: M. S. Dudley Westropp. Esq., M.RI.A.Four Tse-tse Flies from Rhodesia: Reverend Father Basil, O.F.M.Logger-head Turtle from Galway Bay: Professor Dinan, University College,Galway.Deaths-head Hawk ~Ioth: T. Redmond, Esq., Seamount, Courtown Harbour,Co. Wexford.Antlers of Red Deer: 1'. F. O'Sullivan, Esq., Limerick Harbour Commission,Docks, Limerick.Base of Skull and Antlers of Irish Giant Deer: P. Thomas, Esq., Adoon,Garvagh, Mohill, Co. Leitrim.Lower Jaw of large Boar: K. Danaher, Sunvale, Athea, Co. Limerick.Two Beetles: R A. Phillips, Esq., 7 Magdala Terrace, Gardiners Hill, Cork.Series of a species of Bark-beetle from Shropshire: J. Hignett, Esq., 8 OakStreet, Oswestry, Shropshire.An oriental form of House-mouse: i\1. S. DudJey Westropp, Esq., M.R.I.A.Do.' Miss Bol ter, Nth. Circular Road, Dublin.Collection of Land and Freshwater Mollusca from The Mullet, Co. Mayo:Charles Oldham, Esq., F.L.S., The Bollin, Shrublands, Berkhamsted, Herts.245Olouded-yellow Butterfly: C. Winckworth Allen, Esq., 4 Castlewood Avenue,"Rathmines, Dublin.Ichneumon Fly: Rev. Father O'Flynn, Ballydesmond, Banteer, Co. Cork;Smaller Prominent Moth: Guy Atkinson, Esq., Fairholme, Helens Bay,-Co. Down.Shell of a marine mollusc: 1'. E. Butler, Esq., 19 upper Leeson Street,Dublin.Lace-wing Fly: Harry Fogarty, Esq., Lr. Baggot Street, Dublin.Collection of Snakes and other Spcimens from Ceylon: ~Iiss D'Esterre,Knight's Villa, Seafield Avenue, Monkstown, Co. Dublin.Remains of Red Deer and Domestic Animals: J. E. Flynn, Esq., Roche'sHotel, Glengarriff, Co, Cork.Three House Mice: Rev. Canon Boyd, The Rectory, Killaloe.Five Fishes, TIlounted: Major Dermot McCalmont, M.C., Mount j uliet,Thomastown,Co. Kilkenny.(b) LOANS.Head of Indian Bison: Mrs. H. G. Darley, Trory, Ba llinamallard, Co..Fermanagh.Collection of foreign marine Shells: Benjamin Haughton, Esq., Janeville,.Ballintemple, Co. Cork.Grey Squirrel: Major Bayley, Ballyarthur, Woodenbridge, Co. Wicklow..Some Texan Rodents and one Horned Lizard: E. O'Mahony, Esq.(c)PURCHASES.Oyster-catcher.Skulls and Antlers of two Irish Giant Deer.Lion.Zebra.Marsh Harrier,A Collection of 8,350 Irish Hymenoptera made by the late Rev. \Y. F. Johnson.The accessions during the yearAnnualsPeriodicals" weeklyParliamentary PublicationsNewspapersBooks ..MapsManuscriptsVnder the Copyright Act :-Annuals .. "Periodicals ." . weeklyParliamentary PublicationsNewspapersM Booksand Pamphlets~ USle (Sheet)],Iaps . ,APPENDIX IX.NATIONALLIBRARY.1934-35 amounted to 13,456. These included :-\ . ,2684351458,381952,1916515011,730The fo .' . . . . 1,726The 1l0\qng IS a list of those from whom gifts have been recei ved :- . .Hist . Aberdeen Urriver-si tv ; Academic Careha League, Hesliugfors : Amencan-InshEro O~cal Association; American Library Association; Madame Aurel; R. Barker; Rev,Burke. ~'rrdl!1,e, F.S.C.; Baron de Brix; Board of Tourist Ind~stry, Tokyo; Gerard. . " 1. G. Burke; Central CatholIc LIbrary, DublIn; T.O Rour ke Clancy, Rev.15111022813982447281

2'46'Ambrose Coleman, O.P.; James Colman ; WaIter Conan ; Niall Connolly ;. A. H. Corble ;.J. H. Cousins; P. Crossle; Mrs. Czira; E. R. McC. Dix; P. Doherty, Co. C., Carrigort;Lale Donaghy; T. :\1. Donovan; Drapers' Company, London; Dumfriesshire Libraries;J. P. Dunne; Surveyor-General of Egypt; Friends of National Libraries; H, GaisfordSt. Lawrence; The German Minister; Glasgow Corporation; Great Western RailwayCompany; Paul-LoUIs Gremer; Dr. H. E. Greve; Professor L. L. Hammerich; MissHart, Donegal; Sean Healy; Dr. Heinz Hopfl; G6mez Isquierdo; Istituto de StudiRomani, Rome; Jesuit Fathers, Lower Leeson Street; J. Kurshensky; Dr. G. Leibholz ,Gottingen; late Lt.-Col. E. V. Longworth : Jose Jozquin Cuerta Losa; Professor R. A. S_Macalister : M. J. Mac Manus ; Capt. Mac.Namara, R.E.; Marquis MacSwiney of Mashanaglass:Dray ton C. Miller ; Lord :\lonteagle; R A. V. Morris : F. J. Nettlefold; D. 0Suilleabhain , O.S. ; Edward O'Toole,.RathvilLy; Dr. George O'Brien; Dr. Maurice Phusis ;P. Leslie Pielou; The Polish Consul-General; GiLbert H. Richardson; Henry M. Rogers ;.Louis N. de Roux ; late Dr. R Scharff; Miss Scott , Bray; H. M. Stanley; J. P. Steffes .Sir Robert Tate; H. F. Tivy; Capt. A. J. Toppin; Madame Robert de Villeherv e, M:F. Waldron; T. S. "Vallace; L. Ward; Dudtey Westropp.Gifts have been received from many public departments, including the British'.\Iuseum, and H. M. Stationery Office, The United States Government. Public Bodies"Institutions and Learned or Literary Societies, whose titles have been recorded in previous.years; and also Annual Reports, etc., from the principal Dublin Hospitals and Charitableand Religious Institutions, and many other Institutions throughout the country. Anumber of Northern Irish newspapers recorded in preceding years, have been. presentedduring the year, and, as before, filed for reference.The following societies present publications annually :-The Royal Sociery.i London ;The Royal Society of Edinburgh; Belfast Natural History and Philosophioal Society;Belfast Naturalists' Field Club; Royal Institute of British Architects; Royal Societyof Medicine, England; Institute of Bankers in Ireland; Royal Astronomical Society;Liverpool Botanical Society.A number of periodical publications already recorded in previous reports have beenpresented during the year, either by the publishers, or by private donors or by publicbodies.The following is a list of the more important book, and '.\15S. added to the Libraryduring the financial year :-ABELARD(Pierre): Petri Abaelardi. . et Heloise conjugis ejus ... opera. Nunc primum:edita ex mss, codd.. . Francisci Amboesii [or rather A. Duchesne ']: cum ejusdempraefationea apologetica, & censura doctorum Parisiensiurn. [56] + 1198 + [12] pp_4to. Parisiis, sumpt. N. Buon, 1616.ACCOUNT(An) of the chief occurrences of Ireland; together with some particulars fromEngland: From Wednesday the 15 of Febr. to- Wednesday 22 of February. [Alsa·from 'Wednesday the 22 of February, to Monday the 27.] 16 pp. srn. 4to. Dublin,Pr. by William Bladen, 1659.Contains Letters from Har. Wailer, Febr. 17, 1659, Reply from Robert Dee, Mayor ofDublin. Letter from \'\T, Lord Caul field to Sir Charles Coote, Febr. 20, 1659, andother letters.ACT (An) for stating and determining the accompts of such officers and soldiers as areor have been imployed in the service of this Commonwealth in Ireland ... 25thAugust,1652. Ordered .. this Act be ... printed .. pp. [2]+1711-1727. 'foL.London, pr. by John Field, 16:'>2. ~Black letter.]ANNE, Queen: The Queen an Empress'land her three kingdoms one Empire. Or; Briefremarks upon the present; and a prospect of the future state of England, Scotland,and Ireland, in a happy Union, for the consideration of the Parliament. In a Letterto a noble peer. [Dated Octob. 1, 1706] 32 pp. sm , 4to. London, Pr. for A. Baldwin.in Warwick-lane ; Dublin, M. C'TUB in Essex-street, [1706].ARABIAN~IGHTS entertainments: . . . Tr. into French from the Arabian MSS. by M.Galland ... and now done into English from the last Paris edition. l Oth eeL. Vol.I.-IV. 12 moo Dublin, pr. forW. Whitestone, J. Sheppard, etc., 1776.Second Dublin edition. Presented by J1r. E. R. lVlcC. Dix .ARTAUDDE :\10NTOR(Alexis F.): Storia di Pio VII. Tradotra dallabbate Cesare Rovida,I.-Ill., 1841-2. Presented by The Marquis MacSwiney of Mashanaelass,ASSESSMENT[~ic) (An) for Ireland for six months, at thirteen thousand pounds per month;commenclllg the 24th of June, 1657, and determining the 24th of December inclusiveiOllowlllg. By His Highness the Lord Protector's Council for the affair's rSlc) 'Ofceland. Ordered;. that this Declaration ... be ... printed ... Thomas.Herbert,~er.k of !he Council. [Dated at the Council-chamber in Dublin, the twenty runeth ofay, 16~7.) [2)+27 pp. fol. Dublin, Pr. by William Bladen, 1657. [Black letter.)BoWLES (Edward) : The mysterie of iniquity, y.et working in the Kingdornes-of England,.247~Scotland.and Ireland, for the 'destruction of religion truly Protestant, Discovered. ... by the late Cessation in Ireland, no way so likely to be ballanced, as by a firrneUnion of England and Scotland in the ... Covenant ... [2] +49 pp. srn. 4to, London:Pr. for Samuel Gellibrand, 1643.iBoYLE (H on ..Robert}: Certain physiological essays and other tracts: written at distanttimes and on several occasions. The second edition. ", herein some of the Tracts.are enlarged by.experiments, and .the work is increased by the addition of a Discourseabout the absolute rest in bodies. [8] +292 + [4]+30 pp. 4to. Pr. for Henry Herringmanat the Blew Anchor in the Lower Walk of the New Exchange, 1669..__ A discourse of things above reason. Inquiring Whether a philosopher should admitthere are any such. Bya Fellow of the Royal Society. To which are annexed by the.Publisher (for the affinity of thesubjects) Some ad vices about judging of things saidto transcend reason. Written by a Fellow of the same Society. [4] +94+ 100 pp. sm.8'110. London: Pr. by E. T. and R. H. far Jonathan Robinson at the Golden Lionin S. Paul's Church-Yard, 1681.,__ Essays of the -strange subtilty, great efficacy, determinate nature of effluviums.To which are.annext New experiments to make fire and flame ponderable; togetherwith A discovery of the perviousness of glass. [With A catalogue of the writingspublisht by the .Hon .. R. Boyle.] [8]+70+[2]+48+74+[10]+86+[6] pp. 8vo.London: Pr. by \'\T. G. for M. Pitt, near the little North Door of St. Paul's Church,1673.__ General heads for the natural history of a country, great or small; drawn out forthe use of travellers and navigators ... To which is added, other directions fornavigators, .&c., with .... observations of the most noted countries in the world:By another hand. [4] + 136 pp. 12mo. Pr. for John Taylor at the Ship in S. Paul'sChurch-yard, and S. Halford , at the Crown, in the Pall Mall, 1692..-- Of the reconcileableness of specifi.ck medicines to the corpuscular philosophy, Towhich is annexed A .discourse about the advantages of the use of simple medicines.[16] +225 pp. srn. 8vo. Pr. for Sam. Smith at the Princes Arms in St. Paul's Churchyard,1685.-- The sceptical chymist; or Chymico-physical doubts & paradoxes, touching theexperiments whereby vulgar spagirists are wont to endeavour to evince their salt,sulphur and mercury, to be the true principles of things, To which in this editionare subjoyn'd divers Experiments and notes about the producibleness of chymicalprinciples. [4 pts.] [20]+440+[28]+268 pp. sm. 8'110. Oxford, Pr. by Henry Hallfor Ric. Davis, and B. Took, at the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, 1680.• Experiments and notes .. .' has sep tp. This copy has MS, notes-by johannKunckel, German chemist, 1630-1702.-- Some considerations touching the usefulnesse of experimental naturall philosophy.Prcpos'd in familiar discourses to a Friend by way of invitation to the study of it."Ed. by R. Sharror k] Part I.-I!. ,(bound together) 4to. Oxford, Pr. by Hen: Hallfor Ric: Davis, 1663.With the two rare half-title-pages and Errata leaf at end.-- Tracts consisting of observations about the saltness of the sea: an account of astatical hygroscope and its uses: together with an appendix about the force of the air'smoisture : a fragment about.the natural and preternatural state of bodies. By theHonourable Robert Boyle. To all which is prernis'd a sceptical dialogue about thepositive or privative nature of cold: with some exneriments of Mr. Boyl's (sic)referr'd to in that discourse. Bya Member of the Royal Society srn. 8vo London,Pr. by E. Flesher for R. Davis, bookseller in Oxford, 1674.BURKE (Thomas).Bp ..of Ossory : Appendix Monastica, exhibens abbatias omnes, conventus,ahasque religiosas domos, in Hibernia ante Henricum VIII. existentes, ex Waraeo,Harrisio, Alemando, .& aliis, 1762.'CiTY ANDCOUNTRYCALENDAR,The: The Irish Court Registry, and City and CountryCalendar for the year .... 1797 ... 313 pp. 12mo. Dublin, pr. for the prcpnetorsand sold by N. Kell y, TI 797].CLAYSION(Robert).Bp. of Clog her : .An essay onspirit. [Ascribed to R. Clayton.] 66+ 171 PP'vO'. Dublin, Pr. by S. Powell, for J. P. Droz , 1750.With MS. notes and inscription" To His Excellency Hen: Boyle Esqr. from theauthor" I' h bi diC . ns In ing.OLlEGE ?E FRANCE, Le (1530-1930) Livre jubilaire compose a l'occasion de son~uatneme centenaire par A. Lefranc, P Langevin, C. MatIgnon, etc., professeurs'~aCollege de France. portrs., pl s., facss. '8'110.Paris, 1932. Presented by the MarquiscSuJlney of Moshanaelass,

248CONC'.NEN (Matthew) the eider: A match at foot-ball: or the Irish champions. A mockheroickpoem in three canto's. [41+44 pp. 4to. Pr. for R. Francklin, at the Sun inFleet-street; VV.Chetwood, and]. Woodman, in Covent-Garden; and J. Graves inSt. J ames' Street, 1nl. 'CRABB (John): An innocent apolo~y for the Book of Common-Prayer, according to theuse of the Church of England, m a letter to Mr. Bradly ... Dedicated to the ...High-Court of Parliament now assembled in Dublin. 10+ [2] pp. sm . 4to. [Dudlin[sic] July 25, 1707.]CULLEl' (Paul) Cardinal: Auspice et patrono ... Leone XII Pont. Max. Paulus Cullen,Hibernus ... disputationem de theologia universa et historica ecclesiastica instituit IHIdus Septembres anno )IDCCCXXVIlI. vign. l2]+8+31 pp. 4to. Romae, [1828.]DONLEVY(Andrew): The Catechism of Christian doctrine, by way of question and answer ;:drawn chiefly from the express word of God, and other pure sources. 16+ 158 pp.8vo. re-pr. by J ames Connor, 1791.FALEONI (Celso): Teatro delle glorie, e purgatorio de' viventi del zran Patriarca edApostolo dell'Ibernia S. Patricio Canonico Reg. Lateran. Descr;tti dal Priore di S.Vittore D. Celso Faleoni Bolognese della stessa Congregatione ... [12] +318+ [14]pp. 4to. Bologna, per Giacomo Monti, 1657.GLACAN!Nellanus): Prima pars cursus medici, physiologia communiter nuncupata, insex libros divisa. QUlbus COplOSaprolegomena utilia aeque, ac curiosa praeponuntur..Auctore Nellano Glacan Tirconalliensi Hiberno ... Vigns. [18]+414+[18] pp ..4to. Bononise, typis 10. Baptistze Ferronii, 1646.GOLDSMITH(Oliver): An abridgment of the history of England. From the invasion ofJulius Caesar, to the death of George n. 5th ed. [4]+356 pp. 12mo. Dublin, pr ..by James Williams, 1779.-- The citizen of the world: or, Letters from a Chinese philosopher, residinz in Londonto his friends in the East. Vol. I.-II. 12mo. London: Pr. for the autho~; and soldby J. Newbery and \V. Br istow, in St. Paul's Church-yard; J. Leake and W. Frederick ,at Bath; B. Collins, at Salisbury; and A. M. Smart and Co. at Reading, 1762.-- An enquiry into the present state of polite learning in Europe. vign. 8+200 pp ..8vo. Pr. for R. and J. Dodsley, in Pall-Mall, 1759.-- An history of England, in a series of letters from a nobleman to his son. Vol. 1.-11..8vo. London, pr. for J. Newbery, at the Bible and Sun, in St. Paul's Church-yard.1764.-- The Martial Review; or, a General history of the late wars; together with thedefinite treaty, and some reflections on the probable consequences of the peace.[Attnb. to O. Goldsmith.] 4+242 pp. 12mo. London: pr. for J. Newbery, St. Paul's.Church-yard, 1763.-- Retaliation: a poem. By Doctor Goldsmith, including epitaphs on the mostdistinguished wits.of this metropolis. A new edition. With explanatory notes;observations, &c. vlgn. 3]+20 pp. 4to. London: pr. for G. Kearsley, at No. 46, inFleet-street, 1774.-- The traveller, or, A prospect of society. A poem. Inscribed to the Rev. HenryGoldsmith. [2]+4+J3 pp. 8vo. Dublin, pr. by George Faulkner, 1767.GRANDMYSTERYThe, or Art of meditating over an house of office, restord and un-·veil'd; after the Dublin edition: published by the ingenious Dr. S.-ft [i.e. Swift].With observations historical, political, and moral: shewing the antiquity of this science'. . Also Proposals at large for establishing a Corporation for erecting 500 publickoffices of ease within the cities of London and Westminster ... Dedicated to theprofound Dr. W.-dw-d [i .e. Woodward] ... [Attrib. to J. Swift.] The thirdedition, corrected. 8+24 pp. 8vo. London, Pr. and sold by the Booksellers, 1727.HORACE: An imitation [in verse] of the sixth satire of the second book of Horace. Hocerat in votis, &c. The first part done in the year 1714, by Dr. Swift. The latter partnow first added, "by A. Pope] and never before printed. vigns. [4]+23 pp. fol.Pr. by B. Motte and C. Bathurst in Fleet-street, and J. and P. Knapton in Ludga.te-:street, 1738. [With the Latin text.]-- The first ode of the first book of Horace imitated, and inscribed to the Earl of Chesterfield.B:y John [Boyle], Earl of Orrery. 13 pp. fol. London, Pr. for C. Bathurst, andG. Hawki ns, l.n Fleet-street, 1741. [With the Latin text.] . .The first edi tion . Orrery's own copy, interleaved, with the title on fly leaf III his-__ own hantl, and a word altered on page 7. Autograph of John Drinkwater, 1924.Pyrrha: an irni ta tion of the fifth ode of the first book of Hcrace. By John [Boyle]i arl of Orrery. 11 pp. fol. London: Pr. for R. Dodsley in Pall-Mall; and sold by. Cooper at t!,e Globe in Pater-noster Row, 1741. [With the Latin text.]The first edition, perfect, and wholly uncut. Autograph of John Drinkwater, 1922..249JENKINSON (Charles) of Cork: The life, history, and remarkable pedigree of ... SimonLord Irnham [Earl of Carhampton], of ... Ireland, father of Colonel Lu ttrel lthe new created ... or imposed Member for ... Middlesex Dedicated .•.to the ... Freeholders ... who voted for the said Colonel at the last election.8+32 pp. 8vo. London: Pr. for G. Richards, 1769.KIMBERLEY(Daniel): the case of Mr. Daniel Kimberley, Attorney at Law, executed atDublin, May 27, 1730. For assisting Bradock Mead to marry Bridget Reading anheiress. Contained in his Declaration and Dying-words, deliver'd to the Revd. JVIr.Derry, at the place of execution, and recommended to Dean Percival , John HacketEsq. ; ... to see it publish'd. To which is added, An account of a rape committedon the body of Susan nah Runca rd , by Dr. Saw bridge, Dean of Ferns, for which hewas arraing'd at Dublin, June 2. \Vith an exceilent new ballad from Ireland; orthe true En - - - sh D : : n to be hang'd for a R - pe [By Jonathan Swift]. 24 pp.12 moo Pr. at Dublin and re-pr. and sold by the Booksellers of London andWestminster ~1730.]LA FAUSSILE (Jean DE): Britannia Magna liberata. Discours sur la grande Delivranceque Dieu a donn ee a son el>lise, aux Isles Britanniques, & a leurs allies par l'avenementde Sa Majest e re Roy Ceorge, Electeur de Brunswic, &c., i la couronne de laGrande Bretagne. Prononc e a Dublin le 25 dOctobre, 1714. 3 facss. [16.+16 pp.srn. 4to. a Dublin, chez Etienne Powell, Imprirneur, Copper-Alley, 1714.LEE (Edward) : The statute-law of Ireland common-placed. Or, a general table to all thepublick printed English and Irish Acts of Parliament now in force and use in Ireland,on the first day of June, 1734, from Magna Charta, to the seventh year of the reignof ... King George the Second, inclusive ... 8+ [4]+352+ [20J pp. 4to. Dublin,pr. and sold by George Grierson, in Essex-street, 1734.-- Second edition. With an appendix [Rules, orders and directions, made ... forthe regulating of all cities, walled towns and corporations in ... Ireland, 1672].8+352+ [16]+22+6 pp. 4to. Dublin, pr. for William Wil hams at Meczenas' Headin Bride-street, 1754.LECARPENTIER(Georges): Le Catholicisme en Irlande. 8vo. Paris, 1904. (Science etreligion).LOUVAINUNIVERSITE: Cinquieme centenaire de la fondation de I'Llniversit e de Louvain(1426-1926). L'Universit e de Louvain a travers cinq siecles. Etudes historiquespubl iees avec une introduction par Leon van der Essen, avec le concours de E. vanCauwenbergh, F. Claeys-Bouuaert, etc. portrs., pls., plans, illustr. fol. Bruxelles1927. Presented by Mr. T. S. Wallace.MAC CANN (Thomas): De adventu Sancti Spiritus, oratio habita in Sacello Pontificio-Quirinali ipso Pentecostes die an no mdcccxxxi., ad ... Gregorium xvi .... a ThomaM'Cann Hiberno. vign. 16 pp. 4to. Romse. [1831.]~IAc SWINNY (Owen): Camilla. An opera [in three acts and in verse. Altered from theItalian of S. Stampiglia]. As it is perforrrr'd at the Theatre Royal in Drury-Iane, byHer Majesty's servants. [6]+38 pp. 4to. Pr. for Jacob Tonson, within Grays-InnGate next Grays-Inn lane, 1708.)IASSY (Charles) : A collection of resolutions, queries, &c. Wrote on occasion of the J>resentdispute in the City of Limerick. Now published together at the request of the Citizens,and by the ... desire of many persons of distinction in the Kingdom [SIgnedC.M.D.L. i:e. Charles Massey, Dean of Limerick.] 48 pp. 8vo. Limerick, Pr. by AndrewWelsh, 1749.MILTON (John): The works of John Milton, historical, political and miscellaneous. Nowmore correctly printed from the originals, than in any former editIon, and manypassages ... To which is prefixed, an account of his life and writmgs [b:v T. Birch,Ed. by T. Birch and R Barron?] Vol. I.-H. portrs. 4to. pr , for A. Millar, 1753.Presented by Mr. T. J. Gaisford St. Lawrence.)i[OUNTMORRES(Hervey R. Morres, 2nd Viscount): An historical dissertation. upon the... judicature and independency of the Irish Parliament. With a narrative of th.etransactions in 1719 relative to the ... Declaratory law; extracted from the papersof the ... Earl of Egmont; and a comment on his Lordship's O~lmon, upon thelegIslative union of these kingdoms. To which is annexed the Standlllg Orders of theHouse of Lords ... 6+121 pp. 8vo. J. Debrett, 1795 .~ETTLEFOLD (Frederick J.): The collection of bronzes and castings in brass and ormoluformed by F. J. [ettlefold. pis. fol. privately pr. by Wa'terlow , 1934. Presentedby Mr. F. J. Nettlefold. . .NOVAES (Giuseppe DE): Elemeti della storia de' somrni pontefici da San Pietro sino al... regnante Pio Papa VII .... Terza edizione correHa ed amphata. Tomo I.-XVL

parte i.-ii. 8vo. Roma, 1821-22.anaglass.250Presented by the Marquis MacSwiney of Mash-NOVAES (Giuseppe DE) : Introduzione alle vite de' somme pontefici 0 siano dissertazionistorico-critiche ... raccolte dal Canonico G. de Novaes. Tomo I.-II. 8vo. Roma1822. Presented by the Marquis MacSwiney of MasJmaglass. 'OBSERVATIONSon a pamphlet entitled a Letter to ... the Duke of Portland LordLieutenant of Ireland, so far as the same relates to the subject of revenue; in whichis considered the state of the distilling trade of Ireland. 99 pp. 8vo. Dublin, pr. in1782.O'HARA (Kane): The two misers: a musical farce. As it is performed at the TheatreRoyal in Covent-Garden. By the author of Midas ... [6]+3~ pp. 8vo. Pr. for G.Kearsley, 1775.O'HURLEY (Dermot) Archbp . of Cashel : Dublinen. Beatificationis seu declarationismartyrii servorum Dei Dermith O'Hurley, Archiepiscopi Casseliensis, CorneliiO'Devaney O.S.F. episcopi Dunensis et Connorensis et sociorum pro fide, uti ferturin Hibernia, interfectorum. Summarium super dubio An sit signanda Commissi~introductionis causae in casu et ad effectum de quo agitur? 1490+53 pp. fol. n.p.n.d. [Dublin, 1907?]O'KEEFFE (John): Airs, duets, choruses, &c. in the comic opera of Fontainbleau; orOur way in France. As performed in the Theatre-Royal, Covent-Garden. 24 pp.8vo. Pr. by W. Woodfall, for T. Cadell, Strand, 1791.O'KELLY (William D.): Philosophia aul ica, juxta veterum, ac recentiorum philosophorumplacita. Compendiose, ac methodo Parisiensi petractata, et illustrioribus superioriseevi inventis, et experimentis illustrata, et quatuor in partes ... divisa ... Studioet labore .. Dom. D. Guilielmi 6 Kelly Hiberni, ex familia 6 Kelliorum ab Aghrim. frontisp. 4to. Neo-Pragze, typis Hampelianis im presit Joannes GeorgiusHofeeker, 1701.ORRERY (Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of): English adventures. By a Person of Honour (i.e-Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery]. Tome 1. [2]+ 129 pp. sm. 8vo. In the Savoy:Pr. by T. Newcomb, for H. Herringman, at the Anchor, on the Lower Walk of theNew Exchange, 1676.PARK (James) Quaker: The Way of God, and them that walkin it, vindicated against deceitand Iyes, and the refuge thereof. Being an answer to a malicious pamphlet, entituled,A caveat against the cheat of the Quakers chaff, written by Daniel Burges, priest atDublin in Ireland. Wherein his cheats in religion and chaffie perswasions to diswadepeople from the way of truth are ... manifested . .. By ... JamesParke. [With Afew words of advice ] 19pp. sm.4to. London, Pr. in the year1673.PETTY (Sir William): Reflections upon some persons and things in Ireland, by lettersto and from Dr. Petty: with Sir Hierome Sankey's speech in Parliament. [2] + 185+ [12] pp. srn . 8vo. Pr. for John Martin, James Allestreye and Thomas Dicas, andare to be sold at the Bell in St. Paul's-Church-yard, 1660.PHILOPOLITES: War, and its effects, laid out to the life: being a seasonable advice to ourProtestant brethren, now ready to go against the Irish rebels usurping authority inthe Kingdom of Ireland. By Philopolites. [4]+24 pp. srn. 4to. London, Pr. forWilliam Miller, 1689.POPE (Alexander): Gulliveriana: or, a fourth volume of Miscellanies, being a seq~el ofthe three volumes, published by Pope and Swift. To which is added Alexandenana;or, a comparison between the ecclesiastical and poetical Pope ... With an amplepreface: and a critique on the third volume of Miscellanies, lately published by thos~two facetious writers. [By Jonathan Smedley.] frontisp. 44+344 pp. 8vo. London.Pr. for J. Roberts, at the Oxford Arms in Warwick-lane, 1728.REILLY (Ret'. Mr.) Independent Minister: Hindooism in Ireland I or,:ol succinct accountof the celebrated St. Patrick's purgatory at Loughderg, and a similar station, latelyestablished. at Coronea, in the county of Cavan. By a Quondam Pilgrim. frontlsp.14 pp. 12mo. Dublin, Richard Moore Tims, 1826.There is a ms. note on back of frontisp. "The author is the Rev. Mr. Reilly, now theMinister of an Independent Church in Ireland." .' eREMARKS on some passages in Mr. Boyses Sermons, Vol. 1. more particularly Jl1 thPreface, and the last sermon, entituled, The office of a Scriptural Bishop. 8+88 pO~'sm.4to. Dublin, Pr. by John Ray, in Skinner-Row, over a~alllst the Tholsel, 17 .SEGUINUS (Petrus): Selecta numismata antiqua ex museo Petri Seguini ... ejusdemobservationibus illustrata. Editio altera ... [With Notze observationes J. Foy-Vaillant.J illustr. [8J+420+ [4J pp. 4to. Lutetise Parisiorurn , sumpt. J. Jombert,1684. Presented by the Central Catl/otic Library, per Mr. D. Wcstropp.251LETTERS containing a messaze from the States Provinciall of Holland, sentSEVE:ALT. '\..mbassador to the Parliame~t of England ... also, the beheading of Montyan . d the hanaina of a bishop with other intelligence from Scotland and Ireland.rosse, an e " '. I '"t .To ether with the discovery of a plot III the West, or oe raylllgthePendennien enmcegtl 'Three news-letters.] [2]+6 pp. sm.4to. London, Pr. for J. C. and areCas e ... L I 16"0to be sold at the Royall-Exchange, and in the Old~Bay ey, ;'.'A Letter from Newcastle, concerning the affaires ID Scotl,::nd, Signed LP., Newcastle,19. of May, 1650. Another Letter, Y~rmouth, 21 May, 16:,0. A Letter from Dublin,signed T. Hicks, Dublin, 22. May, 16;,0. .. .. .""ICHIUS (Joannes): Sanctorum patrum de gra~ia Christi et libero arbi trio dimicarrtiumSI- . A stinus Hipponensis Prosper Aquitarucus, Fulgentms Ruspensis adversustnas. ugu ' . ba si 11 ddi tPI;" Cassianum Faustum. Quorum propna ver a sine umento0 a I a ...re~:r~I~~~. Collecto;e Paulo Erynacho, Gratianopolitano Theologo [ps., r.e., JoannesSinnichius]. [16]+730+[156] pp. 4to. n.p. 1648. ,k Scheme given in to the College by the Governors of Erasmus Smyth sSOME remar S on a G tl ! th 17" d. schools humbly addressed to said Governors, and the en emen o? e .\.Illg om,who are friends to the advancement of learning in the College. 1-l pp. L moo Dublin,Pr. in the year 1752.SW'FT (Jonathan): The Beasts confession to the priest, on observing how mcst ll"en, mistake their own talents. By J .S.D.S.P. [i.e. J~nathan Swift, Dean of ~t. Patnck s.}The second edition. 16 pp. 12mo. Dublin, pnnted: London, Re-pr. . and sold byT. Cooper, at the Globe, in Pater-noster-row, 1738. ..A . tie to a lady who desired the author to make verses on her, ID the heroick--sti~.ep~ISO a poem, ~ccasioned by reading. Dr. Young's sat.ires, called, The Um:versalpassIOn..vlgn,... _ [21+ 18 pp..fol.Dublin,.pr,. and repr. at London'Cfor J. Wilford,1 dat the Three Flower-de-Luces behind the Chapter-House, St. Paul s hurc l-yar ,1734.__ A letter of thanks from my Lord W*****n [i.e. Wharton] to the Lord Bp. of S. Asaph[i.e. Wm. Fleetwood], in the name of the Kit-Cat-Club. 14 pp. 8vo. n.p. pr.in the year 1712.__ A modest proposal for preventing the children of poor people from being. a burthento their parents, or the country, and for making them beneficial to the pubhck. 16 pp ..12mo. Dublin, Pr. by S. Harding, opposite the Hand and Pen near Fishamble-'street, on the Blind Key, 1729.__ On poetry: a rapsody. vigns. 28 pp. fol. Pr. at Dublin, and re-pr , at,London:.and sold by J. Huggonson, next to Kent's Coffee-House, near Serjeant s-Inn, IIIChancery-Lane, 1733. .__ Sermone sul martirio del Re Carlo 1. detto nella Chiesa di S. Pa,trizio di Dublmoil di' 30 Cennaio, 1726. Tradotto ... dall'inglese in italiano, coil ongmale inglese... pp. 3-71. ·12mo. Pavia, 1793. [English & Italian.]__ Some free thoughts upon the present state of affairs. Written in the year 1714.[4]+32 pp. 8vo.. Dublin, pr.; London, repr. for J. Brindle, 1741. .THOMAS(Richard): The case of Richard Thomas, Clerk: in relation to the services andsufferings of his father Lieut. George Thomas, and himself offer'd to the considerationof the ... Parliament.. in Ireland. [4]+28 pp. srn. 4to. DublID,Pr. by J. Brocas in School-House Lane, 1703.To The Right Honourable the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, the HumbleRemonstrance and Petition of English Protestants against English and Insh Papists.12 pp. sm. 4to. n.p., n.d., [1678?]Refers to murder of Sir Edmund B. Godfrey.TRUE DISCOVERY (A) of the Lord Tyrconnel's design, to surprize and massacre all theProtestants in Ireland; which occasioned the English, under the conduct of theLords Grenard, Mount joy, &c. to seize and secure the said Tyrconnel, ID the Castleof Dublin, in order to be sent for England. 1 leaf [p. 1-2]. fol. London: Pr. for T.Tilliar, 1689.WARNING TO THE CITY OF DUBLIN (A); or. Reasons for removing the residence of the~vernment and Courts of Justice, from Dublin to Waterford. 8 pp. 4to. PnntedIII the year, 1714.PROCLAMATIONS: By the Councell and Congregation, 28 September, 1646. Whereassuch of the Roman Catholiques as reside within the English Quarters feare to be plundered... [Requiring the Generals, Commanders and other officers of the ConfederateCatholic forces not to permit any of their soldiers to pillage or plunder Roman Catholicson their march to Dublin]. Kilkenny, 28 Septembr, 1646. Presented by Mr. E. R.McC. Dix.

252-- Supreame Councell of the Confederate Catholicques of Ireland: 27 May, 1648. Weethe supreame Councell of the said Confederate Catholickes, having of a long tyme, withdeepe sense of the sufferings of the people . . . [Express their respect for the LordArchbishop of Firmo, the Papal Nuncio, but maintain that he has been misled by afew persons for their pri vate ends, and protest that they will not allow the governmentof the kingdom to " devolve to a spirituall tribunall "]. Kilkenny, 27 May, 1648.Presented by Mr. E. R. iVIcC. tu».CANISIUS (Petrus) : Summa doctrinze Christianze .... Antverpise, ex officina Plantiniana.12+4 pp. 4to. 1601. Presented by Lord Moyne.DECLARATION(A) of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament. In answer toHis Majesties declaration intituled His Majesties Declaration to all his loving subjects,after his late victory against the rebels, on Sunday, the 23 of October, 1642 ...London, pr. for Edward Husbands, and John Fran ke, 1642. Presented by Lord Moyne.DERMODY (Thomas); Poems, consisting of essays, lyric, elegiac, &c. Written beforethe 13th and 16th year of his age. 112 pp. Sm.8vo. Dublin, pr. by J. Jones, 1792.Presented by Lord Moyne.DOWN SQuIB-BoOK: containing an impartial account of the contested election for thecounty ... in May, 1831, between Lord Arthur Hill, Wm. S. Crawford .... Belfast.72 pp. 12mo. 1831. Presented by Lord Moyne.FORM OF PRAYER AND THANKSGIVING... for the preservation of their Majesties, thesuccess of their forces in the reducing of Ireland .... London, pr. by Charles Bill,10 pp. sm.4to. 1691. Presented by Lord Moyne.HAMILTON(Andrew) Rector of Kilskerrie : A true relation of the actions of the Iniskillingmen, from their first taking-up of arms in December, 1688 ... Pr. for RichardChiswell, 4+ [10] +66 pp. sm. 4to. 1690. Presented by Lord M oyne.HISTORICALCOLLECTIONSof the Church in Ireland, during the reigns of K. Henry VIII.,Edward VI. and Q. Mary .... Pr. London and sold by Randal Tayler, 18 pp. sm.4to.1681. Presented by Lord Moyne.LIDDIARD (J. S. Anna): Poems. Frontisp. [10]+ 100 pp. 12 moo Dublin, pr. at theHibernia Press, 1810. Presented by Lord Moyne.MERCURIUSPOLITICUS. Comprising the summe of all intelligence ... in the three nationsof England, Ireland, and Scotland .... Thursday, April 8, to Thursday, April 15,pp. 1521-1536. sm. 4to. 1652. Presented by Lord Moyne.Mossosr (Robert), Bp. of Derry : A Narrative panegyrical of the life, sickness and deathof George ... Bishop of Derry . delivered at his funerals ... 12th of January,Anno Domini 1665/6. 20 pp. 4to. Pr. by Thomas Newcom be, 1665/6. Presentedby Lord Moyne.POCOCKE(Richard), Bp. of Ossory: A Sermon preached at Christ-Church, Dublin, on the27th of June, 1762, before the Incorporated Society .... Dublin, pr. by S. Powell,1762. Presented by Lord Moyne.PROPOSALLSfrom ... Sir Thomas Fairfax and the Councell of his army ... October 17,1647. [2]+6 pp. sm. 4to. Pr. at London by R. Ibbitson, 1647. Presented byL01'd Moyne.REVOLUTIOKSd'Ecosse et d'Irlande en 1707, 1708, et 1709 .... Le Haye, chez PierreAillaud, 2 vols. 1765. Presented by Lord 111[ oyne.SOCIETY OF UNITED IRISHMEN. [Constitution, Proceedings], etc. [8]+208 pp. 12mo.Dublin, 1794. Presented by Lord Mo/ne.WELWOOD (James): An answer to the late King James's declaration to all his pretendedsubjects in the Kingdom of England, by J. M. W. D. dated at Dublin Castle, May 8,4+32 pp. 4to. 1689. London, pr. for Dorman Newman, 1689. Presented byLord Moyne.'WORKS OF DARKNESS brought to light, or a true representation to the whole Kingdomeof the dangerous designes driven on by Sectaries in the army .... London. pr. 20 pp.4to. 1647. Presented by Lord Moyne.PROCLAMATIONS: James I.: 8 June, 1603-By the King. Although the Offences committedagainst the Queene our sister by the Earle of Tyrone were such as all Pnnce~ought to be very sensible of ... Greenwich: 8 June [1603]. London: R. Barker.fl603.]- Commonwealth: 11 October, 1649-An Act for a Day of Publique Thanksgiving to beob~erved throughout England and Wales, on Thursday the First of November, 1649.io",ether With a Declara tion of the Grounds thereof. Westminster : 11 October,649. London: J. Field for E. Husband: 1649. (Only three copies recorded).253__ Oliver Cromwell: 8 December, 1649-By the Lord Lieutenant General! of Ireland[Oliver Cromwell]. Whereas I ::~ informed that the horse under my commande ....fRestrainmg his cavalry from selzmg for their horses the wheat and barley belongiagto the inhabitants of Munster, etc.] O. Cromwell. Corcke: 1649.__ Lords of the Privy Council: December, 1688-We Peers of the Realm, Assembledwith some of the Lords of the Privy Council, Do hereby Require all Irish Officersand Soldiers To Repair forthwith to the respective Bodies to which they do, or didlately belong .... Whitehal: 14 December, 1688. Savoy: E. Jones: 1688. (Onlythree copies recorded).French Expedition Force: [1798]-[Proclamation by the French Expeditionary force--in Ireland commanded by General Humbert]. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, Union.Irishmen, You have not forgot Bantry Bay. You know what efforts France has madeto assist vOU.... [Inscription on the back of the proclamation : "Brought by Coln,Froffords Sevt from Ballynemuck "]. [Printed in France].__ George V: 26 April, 1916-G. R. A. Proclamation. [By Major Geueral LB. Friend,Commanding Troops, Ireland]. Regulations to be observed under martial law. I,Major-General, the Right Hon. L B. Fnend, C.B., Commanding the Troops ill Irelandhereby Command that ... Dublin, 26th April, 1916.____ 29 April, 1916-G.R. [By Ivor Churchill Baron Wimborne, Lord Lieutenant-General and General Governor of Ireland]. Whereas in different parts of Irelandcertain evilly disposed persons and associ-nElegy on the death of James the 2d., Kmg of England, pp. 11 ;. (.5) A LamentationSong for the death of James the Second, King of England, pp. 3 ; (6) To hIS mostChristian Majesty, the most humble petition of the Irish abroad ... , pp. 2; (?) TheKing of France should make himself master of the Sea, pp. 9; ~8)To the Catholicks ofIreland a memorial for the Defence of their country, 1703, pp. Iv.-116; (9) AnExho~tion to stand for their country, pp. 8; (10) Deserters of their country the c~useof its ruin, pp. 11; (11) My Lords and Gentilmen ... pp. 3. (:~n the Restoration,signed N.N.). (12) For the reinthroned King a method of governing England, Irelandand Scotland, pp. 4; (13) To the Irish Nobility at St. G. A memorandum, p~. 6 ;(14) Quare: whether the Irish Catholics are to be pittyed in their present suffe~m~?pp. 13; (15) The calamity of the tymes, pp. 29; (16) The Treaty of Lymenck IS m-violable, pp. 8; (17) To the Rt. Honorable the Earl of Fingall, the Earl of Lymenckand the Lord Power, Agents General of the Nation. (Petition on behalf of theCatholics in Ireland). pp. 10; (18) We are all in the wrong: Repentance and Peace:in a letter to a friend. April, 1712. Signed N.N. pp. 31; (19) The Deplorable conditionof England. A letter. Anno 1696. pp. 40; (20) On Gunpowder Plot, pp. 8;(21) The unlawfulness of the oath of abjuration, pp. 8. . .For description of the MS. " A Light to the Blind," see Historical MSS. CommissionReport 10, pp. 42-43, and Appendix, p. 107.643 .. ROTHE (David), Bp. ofOssory: Collections sacred, newe and wonderfull of the Cath.olrquessufferinges in Ireland, pp. 85 fol. Formerly Phillipps MS. No. 13283. [Englishversion by several hands, of Analecta Sacra, part I., published in Paris, 1616].CHESTERFIELD(Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl): Fragment of Journal, when Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, Nov. 3-Nov. 25, 1745. pp. 12. 4to.FrTZPATRICKiCot. John) (d. 1693): Collection of papers, 1599-1693, relating to the estateand affairs of Col. John Fitzpatrick, of Ballyghen in the Barony of Upper Ossory,Queen's Co. Including correspondence with reference to the landing of Irish troopsat San Sebastian in Spain, 1655.SIGN-MANU . thPr . ALs: Charles I I. Letters in behalf of Andrew Ram, granting lands m e~~nce of Connaught and Co. Clare. Dated 21 Feb., 1683.8 0 tarles II. Order for payment of £1,750 to Richard Earl of Ranelagh. DatedC ., 1683 .g~arles II ': Restoration of lands to Robert and John Arthur. Dated 5 Oct., 1683~arles II: Letters in behalf of Baron Worth. Dated. 26 March, 1684.

254Charles II: Letters in behalf of Lady Frances Keightly and Thomas Keightly.Dated, 3 May, 1684 ;Charles 11: Warrant admitting Samuel George to be of the King's Council inIreland. Dated, Windsor, 14 June, 1689 ;Charles 11: Letters in behalf of Henry Slingesby for recovery of strand and marshlands from the sea. Dated, Windsor, 23 June, 1684;Charles I I: Letters in behalf of James, Duke of Ormonde, for payment of £2 000his Prizage for another year. Dated, Whitehall, 15 Feb. 1683/4. 'Charles 11: Letters in behalf of Richard, Earl of Ranelagh, for annual paymentof £100 fee as Governor of Athlone. Dated, Windsor, 24 Aug., 1684.Charles 11: Letters appointing John Price to be Receiver upon Defective titlesDated, Windsor, 14 July, 1684; .Charles I I : Letters granting pension of £300 to Margaret, widow of Arthur ViscountIveagh. Dated, Windsor, 14 May, 1684.Anne: Letters ordering additional allowance of £1,000 to Sir Charles Porter asChancellor of Ireland. Dated, 20 Sep., 1692 ;BENEVOLENT SOCIETY OF ST. PATRICK, LONDON: Document relating to purchase ofground, dated 21 Feb., 1820, with signatures of Lord Lansdowne, Lord Darnley, LordCastlereagh, Lord Arthur Hill, George Canning.482-85. O'FERRALL (Roger) : Linea Antiqua, or A genealogical, chronological and historicalaccount of the Gathelian, Milesian, Scottish or Irish people, or nation, from thebeginning of time to this year of Our Lord, 1709. In five parts or section'>. Armstricked in. 4 vols. large fol. [Enlarged by Sir William Betharn, 1810; with additionsby Sir Bernard Burke, c. 1860.]475. BETHAM(Sir William): Pedigree of the ancient and noble family of De Anguolo, nowcalled Nangle, Barons of the Navan, Lords of Kilbixie and Ardsallagh. Deduced fromancient record and other legal evidences, etc. Coats of arms, coloured and gilt. fol.479-81. BURKE (Sir J. Bernard): Vicissitudes of Families. 1st and 3rd Series. Correspondencerelating to, interleaved. Family History. Unpublished MSS. Letters1 vol., 1858-65. 2 vol.468. CHARLEMONTRENTAL: An account of the rents received out of the estates of FrancisWilliam, Earl of Charlemont in the counties of Armagh and Tyrone, for the years1798, 1799, 1800. large 4to.WARE (Sir James): True copies, signed by James Ware, of leases of the sites of themonasteries of Aghmacairte to Daniel Kellie and that of Thomascourt near Dublinto Thomas Lee, also sundry leases to others, 1601.STERN (Ludwig Chr.): Transcript of the Irish poems in Hardiman's " Irish Ministrelsy,"with German notes. [Those printed in Walsh's " Popular Irish Songs," 1847, areomitted]. 8vo. 1888.486. FANNING(Laurence) of Fethard. : VERGIL,Bucolics: HORACE,Odes and Art of Poetry.JUVENAL, Satires, PERSIUS, Satires, the Latin text, with word for word translation.Also various Latin verse compositions: On Peter Butler, Lord of Cahir, dedicatedto Rev. James Kearney, Schoolmaster at Fethard; On the death of William Doyle,Professor of Canon Law, Cashel; On the death of James-Phelan, Bp. of Ossory, 1648 ;On John Brennan, Archbp. of Cashel; On Dr. John Hickey; Roger O'Shaughnessy;Narcissus Marsh, Archbp. of Cashel. Also" The Complaint of Nicotine or Tobacco."Phrases (Latin-Irish). etc. ff.344. 4to. 1726.424a. MAYO, County: Document relating to the state of the country, by an InspectingOfficer of the Coast Guards, Westport, 1826. 56 pp. 4to.409. LIST OF SUBSCRIPTIONSto the Ministers and Charity School of the DissentingCongregation Meeting House, Eustace Street, Dublin. 25 March, 1749-29 Sept., 1791.Presented by Mr. P. Cr ossle.487. IJ

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