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A Link-State RoutingAlgorithmNotation: c(i,j): link cost fromnode i to j. cost infiniteif not direct neighbors D(v): current value ofcost of path fromsource to dest. V p(v): current node alongpath from source todest v N: set of nodes alreadyin spanning tree (leastcost path known)Examples:c(B,C) = 3D(E) = 2p(B) = AN = { A, B, D, E }2A153B23D E1C512F
Dijsktra’s Algorithm1 Initialization:2 N = {A}3 for all nodes v4 if v adjacent to A5 then D(v) = c(A,v)6 else D(v) = infinity78 Loop9 find w not in N and D(w) is a minimum10 add w to N11 update D(v) for all v adjacent to w which not in N:12 D(v) = min( D(v), D(w) + c(w,v) )13 /* new cost to v is either old cost to v or known14 shortest path cost to w plus cost from w to v */15 until all nodes in N
Page 2 and 3: OUTLINEInternet- intra-domain: RIP,
Page 5 and 6: Shared BackplaneCPURouteTableBuffer
Page 7 and 8: Switched BackplaneLineCardCPUCardLi
Page 11 and 12: 1. MooreMoore 2. Moore
Page 13 and 14: DRAM10001980 1983 1986 1989 1992 19
Page 15 and 16: OUTLINEInternet- intra-domain: RIP,
Page 17 and 18: Routing and ForwardingDefault toups
Page 19 and 20: Virtual circuits“source-to-dest p
Page 21 and 22: Datagram networks:the Internet mode
Page 23 and 24: Internet- intra-domain: RIP, OSPF-
Page 25 and 26: Before We Go AnyFurther …Usually,
Page 27 and 28: Routing AlgorithmClassificationGlob
Page 29: A Link-State RoutingAlgorithmDijkst
Page 33 and 34: Spanning tree gives routing tableSt
Page 35 and 36: Distance Vector Routing Algorithmit
Page 37 and 38: Distance table gives routingtableED
Page 39 and 40: Distance Vector Algorithm:At all no
Page 41 and 42: Distance Vector Algorithm:exampleX2
Page 43 and 44: Distance Vector: link costchangesLi
Page 45 and 46: Comparison of LS and DValgorithmsMe
Page 49 and 50: Requirements for Intra-ASRoutingSho
Page 51 and 52: Requirements for Inter-ASRoutingSho
Page 53 and 54: Internet AS HierarchyIntra-AS borde
Page 57 and 58: RIP: Examplezw x yADBDestination Ne
Page 59 and 60: RIP: Link Failure andRecoveryIf no
Page 63 and 64: Hierarchical OSPFBackboneArea1 Area
Page 65 and 66: OSPFUse IP as transport, IP protoco
Page 67 and 68: OSPF Motivation (Cont.)Suffered fro
Page 69 and 70: Functional Requirements ofOSPF (Con
Page 71 and 72: OSPF BasicsDistributed, replicated
Page 73 and 74: OSPF Basics (Cont.)OSPF has 3 sub-p
Page 75 and 76: Neighbor Discovery andMaintenanceOS
Page 77 and 78: Choosing RoutesDijkstra - Shortest
Page 81 and 82:
Intra-AS and Inter-AS routingaHosth
Page 83 and 84:
Autonomous Routing DomainA collecti
Page 85 and 86:
AS Numbers (ASNs)ASNs are 16 bit va
Page 87 and 88:
Nontransit vs. Transit ASesISP 1ISP
Page 89 and 90:
Customers and Providersproviderprov
Page 91 and 92:
The Peering Relationshippeerprovide
Page 93 and 94:
ISP6- “”- “”- “”CERNET
Page 95 and 96:
BGP-4 BGP = Border Gateway Protocol
Page 97 and 98:
BGP Operations (Simplified)Establis
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BGP AttributesValue Code Reference-
Page 101 and 102:
Route Selection SummaryHighest Loca
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AS PATH Attribute135.207.0.0/16AS P
Page 105 and 106:
Two Types of BGP NeighborRelationsh
Page 107 and 108:
Join EGP with IGP ForConnectivity13
Page 109 and 110:
Attention• BGP is not guaranteed
Page 111 and 112:
BGP SummaryBGP is a fairly simple p
Page 113:
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