Tests demonstrate super strength of spider web fibre - Adm.monash ...

A MAGAZINE FOR THE UNIVERSITYRegistered for posting as a publication, BER 3- 79 INSIDE THIS ISSUE WILLIAMS: Professor Bruce Williams. who headed the committee whichreported to Federal Parliament recently on education, training and employ·ment, addressed a Monash staff meeting recently. A report of that meeting ison page 4, Some reactions to the committee's report appear on page 5.ALSO:• Green light on pool proposal. ,• Recent graduation ceremonies. ' , '• Supermarkets of the future• Musicologists to meet at Monash. , '..... 3.. 6. 7.8........ 12 Tests demonstrate super strength of spider web fibre Considerable advances have been made in the development ofstrong synthetic fibres, such as fibre-glass, re-inforced plastic andalumina fibres, but it seems there is still something to be learnedfrom Nature.One natural fibre - spider's web ­has long enjoyed a reputation for itsapparent strength.However, when Dr John Grimths, asenior lecturer in the department ofMaterials Engineering, and Mr VinceSalanitri, 8 senior technical officer inthe Zoology department at Monash,asked just how strong a spider's webwas, they found that the answer wasnot readily available.Says Dr Griffiths: "[ thought that itwould be a relatively simple task totrack down technical literature on thesubject but, apart from a couple ofoblique and contradictory references,surprisingly little is known on the 8ub.­ject.Dr Griffiths and Mr Salanitri thenset out to measure weh silk strengthwith the unsuspecting co-operation ofNephila maculata - the birdcatchingspider of Queensland andnorthern NSW - and a smaller 'species, Nephila pelipes, commonlyknown as the Victorian golden orbweavet.The bird·c8tching spider is famousfor the size of its webs, which can bemore than five metres across, and arestrong enough to trap small birds such8S wrens and silvereyes.Indeed, bird-catcher webs have beenput to contrasting uses by man. Insome Pacific islands, for instance,webs are used to make fishing snares,and, in the New Hebrides, they havebeen used to make masks to smotherthe guilty party in adultery cases_• Continued next pageMr Vince Salanitri (left) and Or JohnGriffiths (right) watch the Victorian golden orbweaver spider spinning a web in preparation formeasurement of the silk's strength in an Instrontensile testing machine. The golden orb weaverhas a related species in Queensland andNorthern NSW - the bird catching spider - onwhich extensive tests were carried out todetermine the strength of the spider's 'dragline',Photo: Ms. Julie Fraser,Entomologists do it, lookers-on do it, even wasps down in Cranbourne do it For the last 10 months American academic Dr John Alcock hasbeen observing Australian wasps mate.And while Dr Alcock, a visiting lee·turer in the Monash Zoology departmentfrom Arizona State University,concedes that not everyone mightshare his enthusiasm for such a task,he insists it has scientific value,He says: "As an evolutionarybiologist I am interested in observingdifferences in behaviour, includingmating, and explaining those dif·ferences in terms of environment."Studying wasps and other insectsrather than, say, mammals is morerewarding for me because of the amaz·ing diversity to be found in this lifeform."Dr Alcock's study has taken himfrom Cranbourne near Melbourne, toWyperfeld National Park in the northwestof Victoria, to Wingan InletNational Park in the east of thestate, to Pearl Beach north of Sydneyand the Warrumbungles in northernNSW.He paints a delightful picture of thecuriosity· induced public involvementhis field studies have attracted, likepassersby leaving their cars and join.ing him at his roadside observationpoint at Pearl Beach to watch resinwasps go through their matingprocedure.Dr Alcock has been looking at suchaspects in a variety of species as howmales locate females, how often theycopulate, whether the females takemore than one partner, whether malesestablish territorial rights and whethereither partner exercises selectivity inmate choice.He has examined the behaviour ofspecific wasps after capturing andmarking them with distinctive fastdryingenamel paints,Some of the most interesting waspshe has observed - chiefly at Cranbournereserve - belong to the tiphiidfamily. The males of species in thisgroup (and there are some 400 recordedspecies, illustrating Dr Alcock's pointabout diversity) are winged; thefemales are not. The females rely onthe males for feeding.Dr Alcock oayo a group of tlpbUd.io pecuUar to Auotralla, New'Zealand and Chile. He adob that80me theorists on the formation ofthe continents might arllle thatthl8 pan-Paclll.c link was evidencethat South America and AustraUawere once part of the oame landmass.• Continued next 'page

Web strength rivals steel wire • From page 1Mr Salanitri uya female birdcatchingapjdera are impr...ivecreatures_ They have 8 body about ail

.Green lighl on pool/or Montlsh The Union Board has given the green light for construction0' a heated. indoor swimming pool at Monash.The Board's recommendation is now to go before theUniversity's finance committee.The pool was proposed early this year by the DeputyWarden of the Union. Mr Doug EIIi • .It has been conceived as a heated indoor complexproviding for general recreation and competitive swimmingand teaching of swimming lin that order of priority). to bebuilt on land north of the Sports and Recreation Centre.The recommendation is that the complex be fundedprimarily from the sale of 24 acres of the Bodley Streetpropertyowned by the Union. The cost of construction is estimatedto be about $800.000.The proposal is for a pool in two sections - 8 six or eightlane section suitable for training and club level competitiveswimming, 25 metres long by 15 to 21 metres wide and 1to 1.8 metres deep; and a 'ree form. general use section safefor non-swimmers and beginners.It has been recommended that the pool be open to thegeneral public at specific times under certain conditions toboost revenue.A chance for Peter to apply dazzling concept For Pbysic. PbD student, PeterGoldlnll, tbe IID-abead on plano for aswimmlnll pool at Monasb couldn'thave come at a more opportune time.During the laot two years Peter hasbeen doing research work, under thesupervision of Dr Logan Francey, oncost efficient ways of using solar energyto heat swimming pools, particularlycommunity pools.Now the proposed Monash]JOQl maygive him the opportunity to apply hisresearch in a major project. Peter willconsult with the pool designer, MrAlan Scott.The Deputy Warden of the Union,Mr Doug Ellis, in his original poolproposal, .aid that natural gas wouldseem to be the most appropriateprimary heat source, but he suggestedthat this be supplemented "a. much a.possible" by solar heating. Mr Ellissaid last week that the use of solarheating as a booster could cut heatingexpenditure by up to 40 per cent.The Monash pool i. believed to bethe first community pool in Australiain which solar heating specificationswill be incorporated from the planningstage. Other pools, such as that atMelbourne University, have had solarsystems fitted aftar they have beenbuilt.Oil heating outPeter's study on solar heating ofswimming pools, which he expects willtake a further 18 months, will be importantfor the swimming pool industryas a whole, particularly in viewof legislation which forbids the constructionof oil heated pools.The main thrust of Peter's work hasbeen to gain a clear picture of the wayin which solar energy may be utilisedand, once collected in a thermal store,how heat is loat (throUllh the groundand to the air, for example).As Peter says: "The le88 heat youlose, the less heat you have to put in."As a first step in understandingthese flows of heat Peter has beenanalysing data gathered from testsconducted with sman pools installed in..rooftop laboratory on campus.Now he has established a second testlocation - on the site of the proposedMonash pool, north of the Sports andRecreation Centre.Here he has set up a Steven8Qn'sScreen from which he is gathering dataon such phenomena 8S the amount ofsunlight reaching the surface, airtemperature and rainfall. A secondpiece of equipment is enabling him toMONASH REPORTERPhysics PhD student. Peter Golding. calibrates ground temperature recording equipmentat the experimental station he has established on the proposed pool site. Dr LoganFrancev. his supervisor. looks on. Photo: Bob 8ryant.probe temperature variations beneatbthe surface of the earth.The temperatwe probes have beenlocated at regular intervals down a sixmetre deep borehole which Peterbegan drilling with a hand auger lastAugust. Recordings started at thebeginning of the year.The probes allow Peter to "view" thedaily, weekly and seaaonal variationsin the temperature gradients.Peter explains: "The work is aimedat locating the optimum poeition forthe location of the heated pool itself,which is effectively a IlIrIIe thermalbeat store. The way in which suchstores lose heat to the ground, heat viathe ground to the surrounding air andthe extent to which the ground mayadd to the thermal capacity of thesystem are results which will come outof 12 months of data collection andanalysis on the site."3• Have you ever given a thought towhat is under your feet at Monash?Peter Golding'. recent drilling to adepth of six metres north of the Sportsand Recreation Centre confirm. earlierdescriptions of the composition of whati. below.The Geological Survey Map indicatestbet the campus is located onsurface depoeits of marine and nonmarine'sands, clays and ferruginoussandstones and gravels.Site investigations carried out beforethe building of Robert Blackwood Hallconfirmed this. An interesting featureis that no water table was found evenat bore deptha of 50 feet.Similar results were found at thesites for the Science North and Southblocks and the Medical building. Allrevealed the presence of ".tiff claysand sandy clays overlying sands atdepth".New signsdelineate'no go'areas forbicyclesMore thsn 20 signs will beerected around Monash Universitycampus to delineate areas wherebicycles should not be ridden.The signs, which feature a bicyclepainted on a light background paintedacross with an oblique red stroke, willbe sited, in general, at points wheresealed roads stop and access to Universitybuildings is via paved footpaths.The University Safety Committeesaid a major part of the problem laywith non-University people usingpaths as bicycle routes.Students and staff were requested toask offending riders to dismount whilewithin the designated areas.The move to erect the sign. follows aSafety Committee recommendationthat "in the interests of safety, ridingof bicycles be prohibited within theUniversity. except on sealed roads."The Safety Committee said the innercampus area ubristled" with blindcomers where pedestrians were placedat risk by bicycle riders. This dangerwas more likely to increase rather thandecrease as bicycles became a morepopular means of transportation.The Safety Committee said itbelieved the move had widespreadsupport from students and staff.There had already been instanceswhen a cyclist had hit, or almost hit, apedestrian, and it requested the cooperationof the University communityon the matter before a serious accidentoccurred.Centre for unemp-Ioyed graduates? The concept of a reaoUl'OO centrefor Unemployed graduates has beennoeted by the Acting Ca....... andAppointment. omcer at Monaob,Mr Uonel Parrott.Writing in Ca....... Weekly, MrParrott has offered the support of hisoffice in establishing such a centrewhich he suggests could be done at littlecoat.He says that one of the aims of aresource centre would be to encouragegraduates to continue to use theUniversity and its facilities ae well asadvise them on the full extent of outsideresources.An important feature of the centrewould be a meeting room."Providing scope for discu88ion ofthe common experiences shared by unemployedpersons is an ....ntial prerequisiteto self help"., he says.These are some of the other usefulservices he suggests a resource centremight provide:• Solicit volunteer work to maintainand develop job .kills.• Provide video facilities for analysisof interview sesaions.• Organise counselling in self management,particularly budgeting.M.y.1171

'Our recommendations. could achieveOpen University access':By implementing certain 01 the ncommendatlou 01 the Wllllam_Committee, the Auatrallan tertiary ayatem could acbl_ everythlncthat the Open University achieves In Britain.That il the view of the Committee'schairman, Profeeaor Bruce WlIJIaIlUl,who came to Monash on March 30 toaddress a Staff Association seminar onthe implications of the Committee'sReport.More than 200 staff memhen attendedthe seminar, the latest in aseries planned by SAMU to examinetopics of particular importance to un·iversities and academics.Professor Williams said that one ofthe critical queotions conoidered by theCommittee was the relationshipbetween the three tertiary sectort!."We came out qJlit.e strongly in favorof maintaining the three poatseconduysectors &8 an essential partof providing variety in educationj weprovided for a growth, up to the end ofthe century, of 10 per cent in full-timeequivalent etudents in universities, 30per cent in the colle, .., and 33-45 percent in TAFE." In the case of universities, we saidthe growth .hould be small for tworeasons: one, that attrition rates arestill too high; and two, that universitie.are not a. well placed to dealwith marginal studenta as the colleges,which can provide diplomaa aa well asdegrees. Universities should, in anyCBse, be concentrating more onpostgraduate activities and research."On the question of prOviding accessto post-secondary education, ProfesaorWilliams said the Committee believedthat a tight .pecialioation between thesecton would create impedimenta toacceoe outaide the main centres of population.''To overcane that problem we introducedthe concept of contractiD«between the eectort!. Now this, in fact,is not new - we simply generalisedcertain things that have been happening. . . for inotance, in Queenalandand in this state in particular, BOme ofthe large collegee of advanced educationare contracted by state departmentaof education to provide TAFECQurses."We gave the concept a widersignificance, particularly when we as·sociated it with the concept ofproviding for mised modes of study,internal and esternal, and combiningit al80 with an Auatralia-wide progrsmof extemal courses. UProfeesor Williams said that by ·followingthis course it would be possibleto provide for a "tremendous extensionof access", without a great increase inthe number of uneconomical establishments."We could provide much greater accessfor people in the country, for peoplein the outer metropolitan regions,for people who Cor one ' reason oranothar - physical dioability or familyresponoibiliti.. - are not able to attenduniversities or colleges."We think, in Cact, in this way wecan achieve in Auatralia everythingthat the Open University achieves inBritain."Fees commentLater, in answer to questions,Profesaor Williams said that the Committeehad not recommended the reintroductionof tuition fees, deapitemedia reporta to the contrary. It hadsimply commented upon a lubmiseionfrom Profeaaor Blandy which had putforward a number of far-reachingproposals and had pointed out thatthere had been many 8JfUments for. the re-introduction of f_."We said that it would be nece.aryto do a great deal of further analyaiaand appraisal ... and wa recommendedthat this waa one 0( tba tbingothat the Centre for the Study of HilherEducation should take on board."It didn't go further than that."But one journalist said to me:'Well, you muetn't blame people fortaking it the wrong way. After all, itwas towards the end of the report - itmust have been important'."In answer to a question about ac·countability, Profesaor Williams saidthat the Committee had recommendedthat, in the cue of universities, theresbould be a much clOBOr study and amuch more detailed publication of attritionrates than there waa at p....nt."We did etudies in all uniwnities,and we found in lOme the attritionrates were 50 per cent - a bit staggering." We did this alao in a sample of collegesof advanced education, and onething that stood out very much waa thefact that all institutions were very sur,prised by the resulta - which meanothey were not thinking in terms of outputsat all, but of the inputa.Phantom enrolment"One college waa 10 appallad by theresulta that it withdrew them; themain excuse given wu that when thiswas checked with the departments,they said 'You may have enrolled themin central office, but we never sawthem'."We had a further comment fromone 0( the colleges that anybody whomade a phone inquiry Waa enrolled."Profesaor Williams was allO at painsto point out that the Committee hadnot recommendad that univenitiesshould be divided into 'first' and 'se- 'cond' divisions, although it had examineda number of propoeals on tbasubject.DifferentietionHowever, it had ""preased IUpportfor the fmt movement towards differentiationin the .......,h grantamade by the Universities Council."We made it cl.... that wa thoughtthat procedure should be estendedparticularly through the eecond tierresearch granta. So, although we didn'trecommend two diviaiona, we recom·mended procedureo that might be a bitlike that."On the question of education linkedto manpower requiremente, ProCessorWilliams said:Exhibition traces the history of early French photography An exhihltlon on the history ofFrencb pbotocrapby from 1816 to1920 ia beinl held now at Mona.h.The exhibition, in the Visual Arta""hibition gallery on the seventh Ooorof the MenzieB Building, closes on May19.It traces the origins of photographyto a period well in advance of 1816 ­to the 11th century, in fact, when audark room" was mentioned for thefirst time by the Arab mathematicianAI-Hazen.Mey.'''''The flnt photographic impreoaionswere made in 1816 by the French officerNicephone Niepce . . .The exhibition focuses on the majorcontributions to the development ofthe art over the n""t hundred yeanand features early photograpbe ofPariaby Daguerr., Baldus and Biaeon,photographB of EiYpt and Syria byMaxime du Camp, and of JeruaaIemby Auguste Salzmann.AIBo in the eshibition arephotographs of work in progress on the4first Paris metro line (1899), portraitaby Nadar, early color photos by LouisDucos du Hauron and the Duray Dioptichromecolor photos of 1908.The exhibition baa been organisedby the French Foteign Affaire Ministryand the French Museum ofPhotography, Paris, and il presentedin Melbourne by the Alliance Francaiaede Victoria.The gallery is open weekdays from10 a.m. to 5 p.m."We took the view, baaed on ""­perienee in a dozen and one countries,that to produce or· recommend theproduction of the great manpower planwould be idiotic."For two reuone: One - nobody baa·yet found ways of predicting manpowerneeda. Two - if you work interms of a manpower plan, tba basicassumption is you are producingeducation according to lOme employmentneeda."We reiected that notion, and the rejectionwas at the basis of the very importantchapter on credentials."Profe880r Williams said there hadbeen a great deal of criticism of'credentialism' - but without muchcareful specification of what W88meant by the term.It woa poasible, he said, for a processionalor para-professional aasociationto jack-up entrance requirements aa away of protecting entry; but there hadnot been much of that so far inAustralia.There were, however, acceptableforms of 'credentialism' - where, forinstance, there was an increase ineducational requirements because thenature of a job had changed, and therewas a need for a hilher level of educationsimply 10 that people could do thejob."There is another form of credenlialismthat comes about becauseeducational opportunity had been ""­tended," Profeeeor Williams said.''There was a time when employerscould get able, ambitioua, energeticyoung men and girls from the fifthform . You can't a'!l longer, becausethey are not there. They 110 on to sinhform .. . they go on to univenities anilcolleges. Inevitably, to recruit the IOrtof person you recruited hefore, youhave to do it at a latsr stag•.­"A major part of what's oftsn referredto aa 'credentialism' is simply areflection of the great increue in postsecondaryeducation."We said that if you are going totake a tough line on credentialism youare, in effect., saying we want to cutdown access to higher aducation, andwe warn strongly against that."Bookshop discounts Monash Unlvenlty Boobhop willintroduce a new dIacount policy ODJune 1_From that date, a 10 per cent discountwill apply to all caah bookpurchases (escluding those booksmarked 'net') where the total tranoactionexceeda $4.99.In tba cale of erecllt sales, a 10 percent discount on each book transaction(oa above) will be allowed only on accountapaid wlthln 30 daYI.No discount is allowed on ltationery,calculators and boob merkad 'net'.MONAaH REPORTER

A week after Professor Williams's visit, the Federal Oppoeition Leader, Mr Hayden, epoke at a dinner in theMonash University Club - and accuaed the Williama Committee ofhaving "fudged on the difficult taak oflayingdown the bluep~nt for the development of poet-aecondary education to the year 2000 which we had beenpromised". Here, Monash Reporte,J: aummariaee the main pointe of Mr Hayden's speech . . . .HAYDEN URGES REDEFINITION OF EDUCATION SYSTEM'S AIMS per c.nt came from an employermanagerialbackground, whOle fath...constituted 15 per cent of the mal.population.Mr Hay.d.n ..id it waa esaential thatthe objectivea of the education ayatemsbould be redefmed in terms ofthe oortof workforce the country would need inthe future, and the 80rt of economythat would be needed to support thecommunity.In the orea of higher education, ·h.said, it was abaolutely esaential thatthe T.rtiary Education Commiaaionshould examine the relationshipbetween all post-secondary aectorswith a view to rationalisation andcr0S8-accreditation."The Williams Inquiry touched theedges of this important orea of r ..ponsibility,but really fudged on the difficulttask of laying down the blueprintfor the development of post-secondaryeducation to the y.ar 2000 which w.had been promised."Of course, we must recognise andsupport the developm.nts of achievingstandards of excellence in our tertiaryinstitutions."But it is equally cl.ar that all ofth•institutions cannot be excellent in allof the ar.as in which they wish to function."Nor, indeed, will they be able tofunction in all of the areas they wouldwish to choose."The AVeC response "Education i. DOW in ita m08t UDcertainand leaot conlldent otate oCany period oInce 1945."Th. Fed.ral Opposition L.ader,Mr Hayden, said this at a dinner inthe Monaah Unive ..ity Club on friday,April 6.The present mood, he said, was indistinct contraat to the high economicgrowth and almost boundless optimismthat surrounded the educationdebate of the late '60s, a period wh.n"veriti.. sprouted forth aa tbough th.ywere eternal".Somewhere, said Mr Hayden,things had gone wrong."We now work in a far tougherpublic domain wh.n we seek to justifyspending programs."Th. p.riod of no-growth haswinded public confid.nc ....Mr Hayd.n said that despite thetremendoJ,18 growth in university andcollege places (one in five Auatraliansbetween 17 and 22 now go on to tertiaryeducation compared with one in 40 in1947), 'privilege' still predominated inthe university scene.Last year, only one in five university•ntrants were the children of unskilledor semi-skilled workers, who made uphalf the total male population. On theoth.r hand, 20 per c.nt of entrantscame from professional families, whosefath... constituted only 8 per cent ofthe mal. population, . and anoth.r 27The William. Report hal made a number oC recomm.ndatlon.with ImpUcatloDO Cor the universities and onthe method. by which governments handle tertiaryeducation mattera.The Australian Vice-Chancellors Committee stronglysupports the following proposals:• That co-ordination of the work of universities continue tobe a Commonwealth responsibility and that universitiesshould make submissions direct to the T.rtiary EducationCommission.• That, where th.y .xist, atete governm.nt co-ordinatingauthoriti.. should have much wid.r responsibility for theactivities of colleg .. of advanced education and collegesfor technical and furth.r education.• That there be restoration of full tri.nnial funding of univ.rsiti..and colleg .. of advanced education by the Commonwealthgovernment.• That th.r. be additional gov.rnm.nt support for specialr...arch grants to build up postgrsduate centr .. in universities.• That there be increaaed funda for the Auatralian ResearchGrants Committee and the National H.alth and MedicalRes.arch Council.• That the numb.r of Commonw.alth PostgraduateAwarda be restored to the l.v.1o prevailing in 1975 and1976.• That inter-disciplinary research projects with limited lifeshould qualify for grants to enabl. uriiv...iti.. to dev.lopconcentrations of postgrsduate stud.nts and ataff for thecontracting of educational work between colleg .. of advancededucation and univ...ities to enabl. increaaed accessto high.r education, ..pecially in outer auburbanoreas and country c.nt.... Th. Avce observes that lOmesuch arrangements already exist and are working wen,and it supports an .xtension where appropriate of thecontracting ayatem.The A VCC haa been awore of comm.nts which have beenmade to the Williama Committee about the structure of theAustralian univ ...ity system. It notea that a sugg ..tion hadbeen made to the committee that univ...iti.. be dividedinto two groupe.Some time ago the A VCC drew attention to the fact thatall Auatralian univeraities share unique ...ponsibilities forMONAIH RIPORTIRMr Hayd.n aaid th.re w.re obviousaresa where broad economic planningcould underpin the educational proces­... of the tertiary inatitutions."For .xample, an .xpanded commitm.ntto .n.rgy reaearch and d.velopm.nt;the development of n.w induatriesbaaed on the 2OO-mile .xclusiveoffshore economic zone; thefact that if w. are to hold living stondardain an increaaingly competitiveworld th.n our beet inv ..tm.nt will bein peopl. whOle skills and professionalismwill allow us to exploit comparativeinternational advantages atthe top .nd of technology."But it would be foolish in the extremeto try to ignore the fact thatth.r. will have to be chang .....'''1'0 ignore that technical trainingwill inevitably asaume gr.atersignificance in post-secondary education..."To ignore that the rol. of 80m. institutionswill have to contract."At the ..me time, it waa the Opposition'sbaoic b.lief that Australia mustdevelop an environment, involving thetertiary institutions in the leadershipof new national endeavours, thatwould "guarantee, the role, the standardsand the funding of univ ...iti..for a8 far into the future 88 we can see."combining schola ..hip, r ...arch and teaching in a variety ofdisciplin.. and that th.ir ability to discharg. these responsibiliti.s,which they all accept, ia conditional upon havingequivalent opportunities to argue and to have examined ona common basis th.ir caaes for support in the light of th.irparticular historical, geographical and educational circumstances.The AVCC welcom.. the recommendation of the WilliamsCommittee that the universities' responsibilities aresuch as to justify the preaervation of the existing unitarysystem of universities in Australia.The Williams Report provides for universiti .. a blueprintfor action and for d.v.lopm.nt. Th. A VCC observ .. that anumber of 8uggestions for action by universities and theA VCC are already in train but it w.lcomes the aupport lentby the WiUiama Committee to the need for more work on8uch matters as:• FI.xibility and innovation in stalTmg arrang.m.nts, particularlywith regard to schemes for retirement, secondment,granting of tenure, annual appointments andredundancy.• Arrsng.m.nts for secondm.nts and exchang.. betweenuniv.rsity staffand staff in the public servic., csmo, industryand other educational institutions.• The provision of further aaaistance with special progrsmsfor peopl. with handicape.• The development of diversity and different patterns ofeducation to meet the needa of peopl. who enter high.reducation later than is normal.• The extension of provi8ions for credit transfer betweeneducational in8titutions.The A VCC haa noted with special inte ...t the committee'scomments on library matters. It supports the recommendationthat d.velopments in technology of rel.vance tolibrary services should be k.pt under view and that wh.r.possible schem .. for rationalisation and the sharing ofcataloguing be developed.Th. A VCC shares with the Williams Committee its beli.fthat the Australian higher education system h.. consid.rablestrengths and the view that more io to be gainedfrom continuing gradual reform than from sweeping structuralchang •.Jim chooses future in rJriesthood For Mona.h Baehelor oC Science.tudent, Jim ACreJDaft, May 26 willhave lP'eater olgnlftcance than beinglust halfway through the termbreak.On that day Jim, who is doing a majorin g.n.tics, will be ordained a Salesianpriest. Th. Saleaian Order isdedicated to helping children.Jim's ordination marks the .nd of 10yea.. of preparation.The ordination will b. performed byBishop Reda of Ecuador. Bishop Redafounded the Fondo EcuatorianPopulorum Progressio, an organisationaimed at h.lping the d ..perately poorfarme.. of Ecuador h.lp th.mselvea.Jim's ordination is by no meaDS thefinal stePi in fact, he says, it i8 just thebeginning. Upon graduation he bopesto head hack to teaching.Work for disabled? Chadstone Community H.althCentre has ••tabU.heda work centreIn Malvern to provide occupation Cordisabled, unemployed or otherwiaedl..dvantaged members oC the community.The centre, in the C.ntenary Hall,432 Wav.rley Road, invitea oth.r communitygroupe to provide work for itsclients.A representative of the centre, MrsAnnette Robins, ..ys that people attendingthe centre can, for the mostpart, undertake only simpl., repetitivejobs such as collating, stapling,folding, packaging, wrapping, stamping,copying, labelling and the like.They could not, she ..ys, take onwork that is subject to strict dead lin ...The work g.n.rally would be performedon a voluntary basis, althoughdonations would be readily accepted.Any University departments orgroups able to auist the centre in itawork sbould contact Mill Robins (tel.568 2599 or 560 1387) or Jane Lee, theH.alth C.ntr.'s occupationaltherapist, on 568 2599.....,. '171

Bright futureif we maintainour confidenceA distinguished lawyer, companychairman and former me",ber ofMonash Council, Sir Jam.... Forrest,hal sounded an optimiltlc note onthe future of AustraUa - JI tbecountry retains conftd~ce J.n 1Ue1f.Sir Jam.. was speaking at a recentMonash science and law graduationceremony at which he received anhonorary Doctor of Laws degree.Sir James said: "Given com~monsense and steadine88 on the part ofgovernments I am sure that over theyears ahes.d we, in Australis, can lookforward to 8 considerable upturn in jobprospects but, of course, with changingdemands in particular aress and typesof work,"But, he stressed: "It is a basic truththat human beings whether consideredas individuals or viewed collectively 88an organised nation, cannot or will notachieve anything worthwhile withoutconfidence. "He continued: "In maintaining confidence,it is important to observe andunderstand changes in social outlook. Iam inclined to believe that some, butby no means all, of the changes invalues and events in our society arelikely to be permanent, or at least longlasting.development of the University, par4ticularly the Law faculty.Sir James was a member of the legalfirm Hedderwick Fook .. aDd AlstonCrom 1933 to 1970 and has beenchairman of 8 number of public com4ponies including the National Bank ofAustralia Ltd., Australian Con·solidated Industries Ltd., and AlcoaAustralia Ltd.In addition, he has served on thegoverning body of such organisationsas Boy Scouts of Australia, Scotch Col·lege, the Victorian Law Foundationand the Royal Children's Hospital.• Sir J.m•• FormtFirst congratulations ClearinmuseumTo most people a m\llleUlD Is a buildpasses the dWlt eettlee more thickly oand the cap links lower over the eyBut, according to a professor ofZoology at Monash, Profetloor J.W.Warren, the myth of the motionlessmuseum is a8 far removed from realityas Phar Lap's hide is from his heart.In an address at a recent Sciencegraduation ceremony, Profe880r War4ren said that the activity of museums,in fact, reflected the adage spoken bythe Red Queen to Alice during heradventures behind the looking glass:"You have to run 88 fast 88 you canjust to stay in the same place,"He added: "Museums are not evenstaying in the same place. They areregressing and what they are giving upare the important activities that leadto public involvement and makenational collections the centres of aC4tivity, of public research and of publiceducation that they used to be."Professor Warren said that museumsResource conservetlon"Conservation of the world'sresources of forest, water and fuel on 8scale to which we are not yet aC 4customed is likely to be one suchchange. )"However, I think that paranel withsuch conservation will come new waysof using and modifying our resources."Sir James said that he believed newscientific technology would advanceour material standard. of life.He said: "Recently, there has beendiscussion about the advance oftechnology as a major factor likely toeliminate many employment opportunitiesover the longer term. For eX 4ample, some people fear the ultimateelimination of clerical workers."Anything reany new has always at·tracted vigorous criticism. Thereplacement of animal or humanphysical labour by machines or thereplacement of. machines by bettermachines, has been the basis of theworld's economic growth and develop4ment."It is the means of releasing peopleto do new things, to engage in new aC4tivities, thereby increasing vastly andconstantly the variety of goods and ser4vices available and the amount ofleisure that can be enjoyed,"I believe that scientific technologywill continue to advance at a fast rateand with it our material standards oflife."More importantly, only in this waycan the world afford to enter into a vastrange of new enterprises unknown t04day while at the same time overcomingthe problems which at present we termshortage of resources and pollution."• Sir Jamel Forretlt was a memberof Monash University Council for 10years from 1961 during which time hecontributed a great deal to the(-•~ .At least one member of the audience et the March 30 graduation ceremony cen claim t,.oheve had a life-long interest in the career of the honorery graduate. Prof."or Emeritu.Sir Lance Town.end.The reason is simple: She wes the first baby Sir Lance ever delivered - right at thebeginning of an illustrious C8reer as an obstetrician.That was in 1934.The baby was Aileen Mergaret Kingdom - and ahe's nevar forgotten the man whobrought her into the world.Now Mrs Aileen Edgington. she sought Sir Lance's help when her own children wereborn - Barbara Jean (now Mrs Rawlings) in 1953. and Terence William in 1958.Mrs Edgington and Terence anendad the graduation at the invitation of the Dean ofMedicine, ProfelllOf Oraeme Schofield, who laid in hie citetion for the awsrd of anhonorary Ll.D. to Sir Lance:"Tha warm relationship between Mr. Edgington and her femily and their phYliciancharacterises best. I think. the continuing interelt and concern that Sir lance hel Ihownfor those who eought his advice as a practising obIte.rician."• Our picture shows Mrs Edgington and Sir Lance Townaend Iwapping reminiacenceaafter the graduation.eThree generations of the Martin family wewhen the Vice·Chancellor', eldest son LeonScience, Hare Leon accepts the congratulatand Professor Martin after the ceremony.University of Melbourne. Sir Lealie Martinaities Commisaion from 1959 to 1988. andsant tertiary education structure, developedReport in the '80s.MONASH R!PORTER

--cobwebs on•sconeeptionsin time: as each yearand .tuffed BDim,l..leelPlDa attendant.current plight because moetW8f8 unaware of what went onthe public display galleri ..."Because of that BOrne::::':~h~a~v~~e~not seen the need toas the vital publicin8titution8 they oncethat almoet all of museums'r~:::nwent into the storage.. of the irreplaceableIcientific and culturalthe delicate manuscripts., ....tolry specimens and thelike.estimate of thevalue of materials inmuseums in 1975 was $2000a "somewhat meaninglessunique material cannot he..:Science graduation on April 11Ihe deg ... of Bachelor of~gl~=::~r; Sir lHIie Martin.of p...,.,. at thetile Aultrlliian Univerprincipalan:hltectl of the pre­"nee lUggHted by the MIrIlnwas not generally appreciated.He said: uln the major museums inAustralia only about five per cent ofthe collections are on puillic display.and the conditions under which theremaining 95 per cent is kept are frequentlygrcunds for concern because oflack of staff and space."To single out a local example. theNational Museum of Victoria. foundedin 1854. holds the Illflest collection. inAustralia in many fields. totalling tensof thouaands of catalogued items.''They are able to employ only asingle person to _ to the COIIIIOrvationof delicate items; they have closed twopublic display galleri .. in the last 10yean to provide safe accommodationfor precious items that cannot he displayedhecause of lack of staff; andthey have recently moved three of theirIllfle departmenl8 to an old factory inAbboteford. several kilometres fromthe centre of their activities in Ru_llStreet."In spite of annual requesl8 to theState Government for improved staffing.the National Museum of Victoriahas received only three additionalcuratorial positions in 31 yean."Rational collec:ting7He continued: " It is rair to uk, arethese space and ataffing problems selfinflicted?Do the acquisition policies ofmuseums lead to all things that arenow outside museums being taken insideuntil there remains nothing to collect?Are museums rational in theircollecting procedures?"My answer is, yes they are, butthere is a catch and it is that museumsare obliged to accept materials fromother agencies that have need forreference items for their ecientificwork."For example. in Victoria theDepartment of Minerals and Energy.the Division of Fisheriee and Wildlife.the Archaeological Survey. the newlyformed Victorian Institute of MarineScience and the universities all expectthe National Museum of Victoria tohouse and care for specimens theyneed in their work and which they collectand hand over to the Museum and.BO, the number of items increases quiteout of proportion to finance and staff.and quite out of the control of theMuseum itself."'('he result is that the Museum isforced to tum away from public displayand educational activities in orderto nurse the growing collections."Honorary degree for woman mineralogist A woman with what hal beendescribed al "a remarkable UDderstandln,and knowled,e ofmiDeralogy" baa been awarded anhonorary Malter of Selence degreeby Monuh_Mias Ruth CouloeU. a retired secondaryschool teacher and inspector.received her honorary degree at aScience graduation ceremony laltmonth.The Dean of Science. Prof_J.M_ Swan. presented Mias CouJsellfor the degree.Profeeoor Swan said: "Mias CouJsellhas been collecting minerals for atleast 50 years and has aseembled one ofthe best collection. in Australia."This has not just been the activityof an amateur; the collection ia aprofessional and scientifically accuratepiece of work. Each specimen i8carefully documented as to its occurrenceand. in many inltance• •sophisticated electron microprobechemical analyses and X-ray diffractiondata are available.. "Above all, the specimens arecarefully claasified according to theDana Scheme. making it an invaluableresearch and teacbing collection."Mias Coulsell has maintained exchangesystem. with collectors all overthe world. 80 that her material isrepresentative of most of the claasicalmineral localities in the world.Firmly- in tlleir /illite Like all those other great pursuits in life. that of scientific knowledge i8 fine ... inmoderation.P_J. W....... of Zoology. Implored gr.du.teo at I recant grldullion ceramony"not to 10M light of the houMhoki of men"' end to maintain a pelWf)8Ctive between their interettin lCience end other conceme.In 10 doing he uold the _ of G_ Bemord Shew who. upon mHtina blol"lecientiata. remarked: ."They teU me there are leucocyte. in my blood and sodium and carbon in my flesh. Ithank them for the information and tell them that there are black beetles in my kitchen.washing soda in my laundry and coal in my celler. I do not deny their exittence. but I keepthem in their proper place."''The collection by iteelf is a majorscholarly work." Mias CouJsell has recently donateda large part of her collection to ourEarth Sciences department and it hasalready proved of benefit to ourteaching and research activities."Mias CouJsell has • remarkable understandingand knowledge ofmineralogy.• would venture to augg..tthat there are few profe.sionalmineralogists with as wide aknowledge of the overtly recognisableproperties of minerals. Because of thisshe has been able to give excellentseri.. of lectures on mineralOllY to theGemmological Asaociation in Victoriaand the Mineralogical Society of Victoria.She can be considered anauthority on Victorian minerals andmineral occurrences." ,Professor Swan said that MiasCouJsell. since her retirement. hadgiven voluntarily of her time andtalents to several organisations, particularlyto the Mineralogical Society(the newsletter of which she edits) andthe National Museum of Victoria.Professor Swan said: "She is muchrespected and graatly heloved by allthose who have been her students. Herknowledge of mineralogy i. considerableand her views concerning themore practical aspeets of the ecienceare often 80ught even by the professionalmineralogists. U• In an interview in MonalhReporter in March. 1977. MissCoulsell explained the motivation forher interest in minerals."In minerals I find a dream world."she said.". love their color and texture. Myfather w .. an artiet. I have no artisticability but I think I have inherited hislove of color."I can be exhausted. frustrated. sickto death with things, but when' ,etamong my minerals I unwind totelly."It's like the gardener who relax ..merely by having hie rlngen in thesoil."MONA.H II!POIITI!II 7 May.'~

,New Monashlibrarycourse forgraduatesDe M....... GndMte 8oIloo1 01LlbnrIaIIlIIIlp ant yeu wID aft'er a...... ooane I........ to a Muter 01Art. do,.... ah..H at boaoara\II'Od.... rr- IUIY dl8cipu.. ..howiah to beoome BhrarIaaa.The M.A. will be done by c:ounework and minor theeiB or -.:hpapers. It will be • two year, full·timecourse deoigned to produce ....du.teprof888ionsl Iibrari.ns with a atraqbacJccround in a special Bubject field.It ia the fint course in Auatralia to offera two year Masters degree at tbis level.At preaent the ochool offers a bigberdegree in librariansbip (the Master ofLibrarianBbip) wbicb iB open tograduate prof888ional librarians.Tbe pre.requilite Cor entry to thenew courae ia tbe ..me for all M.A.degrees in the Arte faculty - anhonoun degree at IIA level. Buthonoun graduates from all otberfacultiea will be eligible for admlaoion.Tbe course will cover Iibrarianabipand information ocience and will reoquire tbe Btudent to relate bis majorsubject diacipline to tbeee subjects.Most couraes offered in the fmt yearwill be compulsory for all students butwill contain some internal cboi .... Inthe second ~ear students will be able tochooee from couraee within tbe Schooland, if appropriate, from other depart.ments and faculti...A few examples Tb... are just a few examples of hOwa student'" major study may be relatedto librarianship:• A student with a B.Sc. honoundegree in computer science may chooeethe couraes Computer Aaaioted Infor­• . mation Services and Economic Environmentof Libraries and write aminor theaia or researcb papers oncomputer-based indexing systems oron a specific aspect of computernetworks for Australia.• A student in German may be intereatedin International and ComparativeLibrarianabip or Library Servicesto Migrants and on writing on tbeprovision of research collectiona inGerman in Australian libraries.• A law student might be intereatedin the study of legal informationsystems, including computar-baaedsystems.• Engineen may be intereated inrelationships between telecommunicationatechnology and pbysicalac....toinformation.• An economics student may wisbto study and write on tbe EconomicEnvironment of Libraries or perhapstbe place of libraries in tbe total communicationa induatry.The School plana to restrict enrolmentto about 20 full-time students in1980.Inquiries about tbe courae sbould bemade to tbe Secretary, GraduateSchool of Llbrariansbip, Room S408 oftbe Mensiee Building (641 2967)....,.1.nUniversal Product Code to bring G, re~il revolution 1be am ..... yean wlll _ thecheelrout or ..... polat faact10a laAuatrallaa .to_ - from au......mar...t. to loeal mU" bar. ­_Iutl......... by the latroduct1aa ofthe computer-lIa.... Ualver.alProcl_ Code.Harbinger of the new system inAuatralia ie a lecturer in markating atMonub, Dr Robia Sha.. who, in thelast i'W'lIIGIltba, has written articl..onit for the general and apecialiat p .....He claima tb.t tbe automatedcheckout system made possible by tbeUPC's zebra..tripad symbol "ie tbebiggast innovatiOll since tbe introduc·tion of..If-aervice and centralised payand-wrapCaciliti ..... The aystem ia beingwidely used now in the US, Europaand Japan.Dr Shaw has atudied closely the impactof UPC in tbe US. He did bisPb.D. in tbe department ofagricultural economics at CornellUnivenity on Ualvenal ProdactCode Seeaala. Syatema: 1be Rete1lEl

Practising their e acutes over a cuppa A diverse group of people meet at Monash every Wednesday lunchtime to discuu the weather. their work and their lives away from work. So what',new? The members converse not in their mother tongue but in French. The Centre for Continuing Education ia conducting the converse lion clan for thoMwho want to brush up thai, second language skills informally. Our photo show. the ctaulutor, Or Marguerite Van Der Boroht!righl~wilh pamcipantl DrJack McDonell (Cee OirectOf) and M,. Annette Ja.,.... (Sl8ff Branch). A few vacancies still exilt in the cl..... Tho.. interested in joining should contact8.~r. Brewer on ext. 3719. (Photo~ A. Crompton).New director sees hopeful signs for interdisciplinary research One recommendation of theWilliam. Comin!Uee In particularbaa been welcomed by thenew reHarch director of theMonalh Centre 01 SouthealtAllan Studl.., Dr DavidChandler.It is the Committee's strong supportfor increased funds for universityresearch and its recognition ofthe important role of interdisciplinarycentres 88 a base forcertain research projects.Dr Chandler, formerly a senior lec·turer in History at Monash, beli.vesthat the Centre of Southe.st Asi.nStudies is one of the country'. leadingsuch b .....Established in 1964 to promote post·gradu.te and staff research on th.region, tho C.ntre functio,," primarily.s an umbrella organisation, ~rvicingthe v.rious departm.nts wnich havestudents working for hi~her degrees onSoutheast Asian top.cs. Curr.ntlythere .re .bout 60 such students atMon8lh.The Centre acts ... resource pool,helping to meet the special needs ofstud.nts in such. research area - theneed for language training and fieldwork, for .xampl., and the need togain .n undeftltanding of a very dif·f.rent soci.l and cultural hackground.Six years ago the Centre .mbarkedon • program of publications and nowh.. an extensi... lilt of monDtll8PhoMONASH REPORTIR.nd p.pers to its credit. It aIao ar·ranges a vigorous seminar PlOIf8IDthroughout the year.The growing strength of. study onSouthe..t Asian topics in AWltralianuniversities is in contraat to the trendoverseaa, particularly in the US.Dr Chandl.r sayo that in the l8lt f.wr.ears stud.nts there had tended to'follow the ball" away tiom SoutheaatAsian study on to such ....... aa ecoi"IY• nd life sc.encee.But he does not see Southeaat Asianstudy being. "fad" in Australia.He says: liThe chief re&IOn is ourlocation. We're never going to changeour neighbors."He believ.. that in a relatively aborttim. Australia has built itself. r.puta·tion for excellence in studr on the are..nd predicts this reputatIOn will con·tinu. to grow. Monash'. C.ntre, 81 theoldest .nd largest of its kind inAustr.lia, is .cknowledKed 81 a leader.Dr Ch.ndler 88YS that the Centre'sinterests in the future will 81 before,be directly determined by tl.. interestsof students B880Ciated with it.Th.re are initi.tivB8 he would like tosee the C.ntre take to consolidate itsstrength. And h.re h. looks hopefully.t the Williams Committee's recom.mendations - and toward the pos.sibility of increased funding.H. belioVB8 the C.ntre would ben.fitgreatly if it could initiate a program ofr....rch BBBOCiateehipe, .ttractlng tothe Centre for a few montha or a yeardistinguished people with a closeknowledKe of Soutlieast Asia.Dr Ch-....dler would aIao like to seethe Centre have the capability to .t·tr.ct top ranking scholars to ..minarshere and to support greatar liaisonbetween Mon88h and Southeast Asianuniversities.N.w ·York.born, Dr Chandlerworked from 1968 to 1966 as a ForeignService Offic.r in the US Stat•Department, holding poets in PhnomP.nh, C.mbodi. and in Bogota andC.li. Columbi•. He th.n served a yearas director of Southe88t Asi.n AreaStudies .t the Foreign S.rvice In·stitute.From 1968 to 1972, h. studied at theUniversity of Michigan, Corn.llUniversity and in Bangko~, PhnomPenh and Paris. He joined Mon8lh in1972. In 1976, while on study leav~ hewas a research 8BIIOCi.te with the ~aatAsi.n Research Centre at Harvard.Hia publications includ. The Laadand the People of Cambodla (1972).nd (trans.) Fa..ourIte Ston.. fromCambodia (1978) as well 81 more than20 scholarly .rtiel.. and contributions.Dr Ch.ndler's appointment asresearch director was approved byCouncil in March. H. h.d been actingresearch director after the departurel.st year of Mr J. A. C. Maclde, thefounding research director, who h81been appointed to the newly createdchair of politic.l and social change atANU's Rese.rch School of PacificStudies.•Science defended strongly 'lbe VIce-ClumceUor, ProleuorRay Martlo, launched a .trooldefence of ~ _tIy In theface ofcrltlcewho a.rcued dlalll........ponslhl. for _ of the "criaM"facinllOCi.ty •Delivering the occuional .dd......t• University of New South W.leegraduation ceremony, Profe880rM.rtin 8Bid: "Tecbnol"IY is not intrin·sicaUy b.d. What is bad is b.dtechnology! "He said: "Curi08ity about natur.lphenomena and the deeire to putknowledge to practical use are innatechar.cteriatice of man. Knowledge ofnature gives man the power either tom.ke earth. better place on which tolive or a place of fear .nd desolation."The application of scientificknowledge which we c.U technologygivee us the c.p.bility to do thingswhich were not previously poaeible.Tbrough technology we have .chievedsome degree of control over our environment.Even in prehistoric timesrudimentary stone .ge technology WBBa necessary condition for the 8urvivalof megalithic man."He told the gradu.tes: "Every scien·tific discovery contains the seeds ofgood or evil, .nd .s scientiats you willhave to sh.re incre8lingly in the he.vyresponsibility for ensuring that onlythose .pplications th.t are benefici.lto mankind are encouraged."E.rlier in his .ddress, ProfessorMartin said th.t the expl08ion in tbegrowth of new knowledge meant th.tthe situation W81 r.pidly approachingwhere it would be b.yond thec.pacity of the undergraduate - andthe teacher - to master the v ..t mB88of detail.He 8Bid: "The problem inherent inthe knowledge explosion is th.tpedagogical .nd mechanical techni·ques will be devised to cr.m m..... ofinformation into the 8tudent's memorycircuits without the thinking circuitsbeing activ.ted."Tbere ia only on. solution in thesecircum8tances. Detail must bereplaced by m.thodol"IY; .phemeraltrivia must be replaced by durableprinciples. "He continued: uH our country's vastresources ale to be used wisely then itis of the utm08t importance that weshould work towards the situ.tionwhere, within governments and theirbureaucr.cies, tbere ia a better under·standing of science and its relevance toeveryd.y living."Our objective must be to achieve acommunity literate in science, 8S wellBB in the tradition.I humane valuee."'Farewell'Rob Wild., Monaah's fll8t appren·tice electrician, hB8 ••ked MonathReporter to convey his farewell andgood wishee to the many people heknew on campus.Rob, who joined Mon8lh in 1968, butaken • position 81 el.ctrician .t theMt Hoth.m ski reeort.As w.U BB through hia work withMaintenance, Rob met 8 crosa sectionof people .t the University when h.served on the MonBBh Club commit·tee.M8,.187')

Dean urges early decision on transport fuel switch The Dean of En.lneerln. atMonash, Profe••or LanceEndersbee, has llI'Ied that early Investmentdecisions be made on .ubetitutetransport fIlelt, en.uria. asmooth transition from majordependence on 011 to Increuln.dependence on sub.mutes.Professor Endersbee says that thecoal and oil shale resources ofAustralia favor the early developmentof synthetic fuel plants.He says: .. There seems to be 8 needfor new approaches in federal·staterelations to ensure appropriate govern·ment support and participation inthese new energy initiatives in collaborationwith private enterprise."He predicts that if these decisionsare made. and if there is no dislocationof the international oil market byproblems such as trade embargoes. thepattern of transportation in Australiawill be able to continue along presentlines, albeit with greater emphasis onfuel economy.Professor Endersbee has publishedan article on "The Transport FuelDilemma" in 8 recent issue of Search,the journal of the Australian and NewZealand Association for the Advancementof Science. Early this month hegave 8 public lecture on "The Develop~ment of Australia's Energy Resources"as part of the Swinburne College Ex·tension Lecture Series.Professor Endersbee says that 88motor cars and small buses seem likelyPro....or Lance Endenbeeto continue to meet the greater part ofour urban transport needs for sometime, attention must be focused on thepresent problems of traffic congestionin our cities.He says: "The prospective increasingcost of traffic congestion should betaken into account by publicauthorities in planning improvementsto road and freeway systems and inplanning extensions to our publictransport systems."There are many cases in our citiesof part~completed freeways whichcause particular problems in trafficCaltex Woman Graduate award applications close Sept. 30 The Caltex Woman Graduate ofthe Year Scholarship will be openfor competition later this year, witha closln. date of September 30.Last year. the scholarship. awardedfor a maximum of two years at $5000per annum, was won by MilS WendyWatts t a Monash science graduate.Although the precise conditions ofYear of ChildconferenceAn Intemational Year of the ChildConference - related to the developmentor young children - will be. held at Monash Unlveroity onAu",st 23, 2-4 and 25.Two ofthe major participants will beProfessor John and Dr ElizabethNewson. co·directors of the ChildDevelopment Research Unit at theUniversity of Nottingham.The conference is expected to attractprofessional workers and researchers ineducational and clinical psychology.special. primary and teacher educa·tion, social work, paediatrics, generalpractice and related fielda.Enquiries about the conferenceshould be made to Mr J. A. Fyfteld,Chairman, Elwyn Morey Child StudyCentre. Faculty of Education.Mo,.1"1the scholarship will not be receivedfrom the Selection Committee untilJuly or August. they are expected to besimilar to, if not identical with, the1978 conditions.The scholarship is open to womenwho are Australian citizens or whohave resided continuously in Australiafor seven years, and who are completinga degree or diploma coUrse at aVictorian tertiary institution. In &election,preference will normally be givento women completing a rllBt degree ordiploma.The scholarship is tenable at a un·iversity or other tertiary institution inEurope (including the UK andIreland). the United States or Canada,or at an approved tertiary inatitutionin any other country.In appropriate circumstances. thescholarship may be tenable at anAustralian tertiary inatitution.One award is made in each of theAustralian states and one in the ACT.A successful applicant is respcnsiblefor arra~ing subsequent enrolment in-the tertiary institution of her choice.The selection will be made on con·sideration of the following: highscholastic attainment; the ability tocommunicate ideas verbally and inwriting; ~ial aWaren888j achievementsother than academic (for exam·pIe, in aport, culture, innovatoryenterprise); sense of purpose; andpctentiality for future influence on theAustralian community.congestion. "In the Search article. ProfessorEndersbae looks at the pcosible futureuse of alternative fuels such aa LPG,alcohol. diesel. and electricity.He pradicts that within a decade themajor motor car manufacturers will beincluding electric cars within their nor~mat production range. This is assumingthe development of more advancedtypes of batteries than the present·daylead·acid ones.Professor Enderobee al80 commentson what appearo to be competingclaims for greater fuel economy andtighter exhaust emiaaion standarda.He says: "The first stage of motorvehicle exhaust emiseion .tandarda ledto an increase in fuel consumption estimatedto be seven per centor more onthe heavier, larger cars. In addition, itentsiled increased fuel consumption inthe refining process, 88 more energy isrequired to produce .uper grade fuel atthe same octane number but witha lower lead content."The introduction of fuel economytargets for motor vehicles provides anopportunity to review this questionand to study the whole system of'motor car, refinerYi environment' andwork towards a more rational solutionoverall."It is recognised, for example, thatthere may be a need to limit lead leveltin the major urban centree but notnecessarily throughout most ofAustralia."10Early in September. intending ap·plicants in Victoria should telephonethe Academic Services Officer atMonash (Mrs J. Dawson, telephoneext. 3011) to discu88 their eligibility.For those who are eligible. an interviewwill be arranged with Mr J. D.Butcbart, Academic Registrar.Monash University, who is HonorarySecretary to the Caltex Selection Com·mittee for Victoria.Mr Butchart will discu88 each appli.cant's prospective candidature and ad·vise her on the method of application.Academics to debate the Press with the Press "That the Press has had its day"will be the subject of a publicdebate on Thursday, May 10, inRobert Blackwood Hall at 8 p.m.Senior staff members of The A.e,Mr Ben Hili., Mr Peter Smark andMr Peter Cole-Adams, will opJM)8e ateam of Victorian academics, comprisingCbarles Sampford andRo.er Douglas (La Trobe Univer·sity) and Paul Elliott, a part·timetutor in Law at Monaah. ­The debate will be chaired byMona.h Law graduate. Mreampbell McComai. There will bean oppcrtunity for members of theaudience to question the speakers.Admission is free to Monash stu·dents and staff on production of IDcards. For others, the admissioncharge is $1. All procaeds will assistthe Royal Victorian Institute for the·Blind.Award for(hemi(alengineeringstudentA third year student In the departmentof chemical englnaerln. atMonash, Shane MacLaren, has beenawarded a 1979 Aluminium DevelopmentCouncil UndergraduateScholarship, valued at 1600.The scholarships are awarded inopen competition throughoutAustralian universities and colleges ofadvanced education.Two previous Monash recipients ofthe scholarshil.' were Mr Ramll WanD~ud. (ChemIcal Enginaering) andRIchard Schodde (MaterialsEngineering) .Both ~ently graduatad with first·class honours degreea.Applications calledfor scholarshipsApplications are beln. called foraward. In 1980 under the Harlmea.Fellow.hip scheme.The fellowship is for travel andresearch in the United States for aperiod of from 12 to 21 months. Faresand a living allowance are coverad.The scheme is open to students un·der 30 on September 1. 1980.Applications close at Monash onJuly 20. For further information con·tact the Graduate Scholarships Officeon the ground floor of the UniversityOffices on ext. 3056.• Applications close on May 2-4 forresearch internshipe at the Eaat-WestCentre in Hawaii. The internships areopen to Arts. ECOPS and Educationgraduate students for research and ac·tivities on projects nominated by theCentre. The tenure is from October1979 to September 1980 and benefitsinclude travel costs and a stipend of$380 a month.The Graduate Scholarships Officehas more details.MONASH REPORTER

Indonesia: the study of anArmy's povver Un.......,The Anrrr-_In 1.-."'1. H. Crouch. Cornell u~p_1978.The __ iI I ____et Monuh...... iI cunently II !he01 Mal8yole.The review. Ia I MUI.. _I in !he depertmenl of poIlllca.'l1da boak, wIdeh II"._Inllll••ad aD apautoa" of • ~hJIII.D. &baallia poD.., .._."....,.fIl .........·, It offen a .....th of data whICh*"'IcI prove ueeIW to 8Dyone with 8DIIdInIt in Indoneelan politico ... in a_etucIy of the rIae 01 the miIItaIyand Ita ItraftItbe 8Dd ...u- fortilt "development" 01 • poor nation.Far thOle wbOll intereet in Soutbeut.w.n politicola limited to .I1''11al ita~CII Cor AUitrallan eecurltytilt Crouch book offen aigniftC8Dt in­...... into how the IndOll8llan army)IIVVIdeI "otabUity", the character 01that "stability" and ita COIta.Crouch c1ivid81 hie treatment of theIndaneeian army'. politic81 role intotbne 1ICtiono.The lint part of the book dea1a withthe npanlion of the army'. poIItic81and economic activity from ita CormadaDin 1946 to October, 1966 (the date01 the IIIIDOIIDCIm.nt 01 what baa b8In..... 8D UDlucceeeful coup attempt_, . bicb _era1 _lor army oft'Icen1dIIed).lukarnonllUtr8l1MdTbo eecond _lion d8lcribaein eomedetail the _ition pbaoe - betweenOctober I, 1966 and March 1967 ­during wbich the PKI (IndonelianCommunist Party) leadenhip W8I an­Dibilated and Preeident Sukamo WIIDlUtraIiaod and then removed from office.The third _tion (from 1967 to 1976).....lnae Prelident Suharto's efrortlto conaolidate hie control over theIllilitaJY and the bureaucracy (and im·JIIOYI their performance) and to thwart... co-opt potential opponente fJom the~·iti·cal partiee and th. urb8D middleCrouch depicta the pre.l966 npanelan01 the army'. poIItic81 role .. oc·curring "graduaUy and almOit inadvertentlyII the weakn.ee oleuc­-'ve political eyatems provided op-pcrtunlti81 that milltaly lead.. n·pIoited."He poInta to a eignificant cWrerencebetween the oIIIcer COI'PI in Indoneliaand in other "countrl81 where themilitaly baa teken power IUddlnly in acoup .,ainlt a civlll8D ........._t."That is that m8DY Indonelian oftIcmbad become adept politici8Do 8Ddbureaucrata at almOit -IY 1ev,1 01.government 8Dd in nearly aU the ltateenterpria8l. In tbeee y.... they formedatrong ntramilltaly loyalti8l. When,after 1966, they took complete conlrol.of the government they were men concernedwith advancing nisting Intereetethan camlnl out me,lorrefonno.Crouch'. deacrlption 01 the grvwlngtenlion in J"'arta (and in th, regiona)in the deye .,...:ecIiq the October I,1966 "coup attempt", of th. eventa ofthe coup, 8Dd 01 the maeeacrea that followedis not _but it do8I provide •m8Ddo for Sukamo'. trial from caetide 8DeI, from th. other, with 1iaDIfI­....t .upport for Sukamo within thearmed fere .. Suharto found a WIlY,flnt, to UIUIIII Pneld.nt Sukamo'.powen 8DeI, later, clio..... him from 01­flce without lriaerinl a civil _.By avoidiDl vindictive actiona,aiDit Subrno, Oener81 Suherto"made it poeeible for the Preeldent'..upporton to accept a compromilewhich _ in fact a defeat."The economyThis method of demon.tretlnloverwhelming force ageinet 8D opponentand then offering aometblng tom.... defeat _ Ie. terrible baab8In vilible in Subarto's handling 01mOlt of hie milltaly advenarl81 butnot in hie treatment of 1_ wellconnectedoppoaltion.The chapter on "The Army'.Economic Intereotl" lnclud81 _tionaon the "inegular" fund-reisln,matbodo 01 the army, the prlv.tefinancial intereatI 01 army 0lil_(with entertaining namplae from thefamily 01 Preaid..t Suharto and IbnuSutowo, the former bead ofPertomina,the Indcmeoian National Oil Company),cqrruption II viewed by thegovernment 8Dd ita critico, and a briofand equivocal dIocUllion 01 whetherthe army baa becom. put 01 a compredorcIaae,The book might have benefited froma more nplicit attempt to fit the datainto II. tbeoreticaI framework that n­plaine put cIinctiona in the army'.poIitieal and economic activity 8DdpJedicta bow tbOll poll. and activiti81might give rioe to new demandoupon the militaly and n_ cleav.,..within it.Crouch'. work hinta at many 01tbOII poeeibiliti81 but Ita haUmark isin the cuefuI ezpoeltion 01 day-to-daypolitic81 activity. The book mould invokehumility in 8DYODI who dane totheoriao in a grand faoblon about thefuture 01 Indonelian politico or the roleof armi81 in the politic. of underdevelopednationa.It is a model olecbolarly ltudy 01 avery compln phenomena - the rIaeand peniatence ofthe Indon8lian armyJ. SeN!_~t" PolltlcaHow a leaflet helps history Are you t1red of haviDl ......dropped in your Ietterbn or banded&0 you in the .-,Rather than throwing them awllYand anarliDl at t&e cIIotributor nnttime give a th01lllht to the leafleta'historical contezt!This is the rocjuaet 01 th. StateLibr8JY which baa a coUection devotedto ephemera.The Riley and Ephemera collectiona,whieb are boueed in the LaTrobe wing 01 tho State LibrIJY, areever-growing COUectiODl 01 leafleta,pamphlete and handouta olan typ8Ipolitical,relilioul, poetic andcrackpot. Thill ephemera will eventuallyhe a valuable hiatcric reeourceand the conectione need your dona·tione to keep growing, eepeciaUy duringe1ectio....So, if your organisation baa leaneta,either current or old and latheringduat, they would be mOlt welcome inthe Riley collection. The library wiUarrange to collect donatione if IIOC8IlilY,or material can be poeted to:Stete Library, (Riley and Ephemeracollectiono), 328 Swanston Street,Melbourne. 3000.Material may aIeo be left at the inquiryd ..... in the State LibrIJY.MAY DIARY ,-,I: BXBIBmOH -"A IIIaIDry 0( _!'bat

Musicologists come to 'to cast a wider net' The ne... On a radio current af·rain prorram recently that"mulcolorlat. are buy ltudybarthe efrecle or Muzak on the buylnrhabit. or .hoppen In lupermarketa"came .. a lurpriM to reader InMUlle at Monalh. Dr MaqanaKartomI.As preoident of the MusicolosicolSoci.ty of Australia. Marpret Kar·tomi concedaa that such a study mayindeed he goinc on. but she emphasisaathat musicoloey casts a somewhetwider net.She says: "MIIBicology is the studyof music in all its aspects throughoutthe world."She heli.veo that the study suff.rsan "image probl.m" in Australia withmany people ...inc musicolosists asthe poor cousins of practical musiciansand composers.She say.: "Som. think thatmusicologists are. indeed. failed per·form.rs and composers. They are pre·judiced in favor of the creators ofsound as opposed to the scholars ofsound,"The seeds are heing sown for greaterg.n.ral and academic recognition ofthe study. howev.r.More than 60 of these scholars ofsound and peopl. gen.rally interestedin the study of the phenom.non 0'music will gather at Monash thismonth for the third national conf.renceof MSA. Th. conf.rence will heh.ld from May 18 to 21 in the Musicd.partment.As Jill Stubington. MSA treasurerand Monash PhD graduand, pointsout, the Soci.ty has grown in strengthov.r the last f.w years and now basseven chapters in Australia and N.wZealand.Tbere are other sips of growincrecognition of the disciplin •. Fifteenyears ago Iittl. musicology was taughtin Australian universities; today. moatd.partments teach what aspects of itthey can, sbe says.A n.w publication. AuotralianDirectory or Music Raearcll. containsabstracts of hundreds of recentarticles in musicology.And, in Sept.mher, tb. third symposiumof the Int. rna tiona IMusicological Society will he beld atAdelaide University.Th. Monash conference has heenorgani ..d by Margaret Kartomi, JillStubington, and MSA secretary CarolWilliam., a lecturer in Music atMonash.In forma t the conf.renc. will.mbrace discu ..ion ....ions based onpr.-circulated papers, displays andconcerts. Th. public has heen invitedto attend the latter, which are free.One of the most important sessions- on May 20 - will esplore the newground broken in invaatigations intojust how the brain "proceues tt music.This ....ion is to he chaired by MaxCooke. of Melbourne Univarsity, andwill he addreseed by AnIle Gatee. aMonash PhD graduate no,... atM.lbourne University. who is workincin the new reBearch area ofneuromusicology; Michael Kuller. amusicolociot from Sydn.y; and d_ Bar·rie Morley. a neuroourgson.The apeak_ will he looking at suchqUeoUoDB as how specific levela ofmusical structure (such as melody andharmony) are proceMed. Research withMay. I'"Member. of rhe Monash Music deplrtment Ifrom left) M.,...,. Kartoml. 0,....,. Hurwortlt. A.. FIonI and JHlltubington Ihow lOme of theshawms whtch will be featured in I MuticofoglC4ll Society conf...... dIIpIly. Photo: Herve AI"""• •pati.nls suffering from amusia - an eoar_ ",playa wiD reature: -----------­inability due to iIlD088 to hear specific • IntercuituraJ SbaWIIII. Monash lee.musicalelemenls - has aided the un- turer, Rei. Flora, and tutor.deratanding of this "proc_ing". Gnrory Barworth, will mount a Chand.abha...In another ._ion, papers on music display of shaW1D8 (double reed windtherapy will investigate how music ia instrum.nts) including oneo from In.used in the treatment of atroke dia, Indoneoia and China and a set to dancepati.nts and thOle .uff.ring from pey- of ais Renaiuance ohawms _tlycbotic breakdowns and drug addiction. purchased for Monash by ProC- Chandrabhanu. couldered thaA liv.ly _ion - in whicb opposing Trevor J_.bMt male u-In Malay .... wiDcampe will have performers on hand to • Music of the Sphereo. Carol WiIillustratetheir points - will deal with lialDS is organiling a dioplay on the ~d_Dltration In the Mu.lcgive a co_ followed by a leeinconsistenciesfound in musical muaical and estramusical cannotascores,for esample, in the baroque tions of MUlic of the Sphere •. zl.. Bulldlnr on May 11••tartmr atdepartment aucUtorium In the Men·period. Such inconsistencies have been (Medi.val man helieved that sounds 1.15 p.m.uplained as mistakes and have heen w.re produced by the rotation of the Chandrabhanu hal lIudied a"corrected" by musicolosists for the plan.ts, producing b.autiful music numher orlndian cJasoIcaI dance Ityleoperform.r. Now a n.w school of that was nevertheless unheard and is an internationally rec