Socialism: Utopian and Scientific - MIA

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Encyclopedia of Marxism: LaEncyclopedia of MarxismPeopleLaJacques Lacan (1901-1981)French psychoanalyst who gained an international reputation as an interpreter of Sigmund Freud, claiming tohave rediscovered the “real Freud”; much of his writing borders on the unreadable but has attracted wide interestdue to his combination of structural linguistics with freudian psychology and partly as a result of the view hedeveloped of the centrality of the concept of Woman in Western society.Graduating from the Faculté de Médecine de Paris in 1932, Lacan was a practicing psychiatrist in Paris for mostof his life. As head of the Clinic at the Faculty, he introduced Feudian practices to France; gained widespreadrecognition through a series of seminars he held at the Univesity of Paris in 1953; in 1964, he founded theL’École Freudienne de Paris, but wound it up in 1980 because of its alleged failure to adhere strictly to Freudianprinciples.He was influenced by Alexander Kojève's lectures on Hegel in Paris and discussions with Sartre andMerleau-Ponty; he also translated Heidegger's works into French, absorbing much of Heidegger's views onlanguage. Lacan emphasised the primacy of language as the mirror of the unconscious mind, and introduced themethods and concepts of structural linguistics (See Jakobson and Barthes) to psychoanalytic theory. As a result,he gained influence well beyond the field of psychoanalysis and became a cult-figure in France and more widelyduring the 1970s. In his psychoanalytic practice, Lacan was known for his unorthodox, even eccentric,therapeutic methods.In one of his most famous studies, Lacan reinterpreted Freud's study of an ‘hysterical’ woman, Dora, describingthe structure of ‘hysterical discourse’, and in the latter part of his life, Lacan worked on developing a new notionof femininity which defied the process of symbolic identification which, according to Freud's theory, hinged on“symbolic castration”. In different ways, Lacan exerted influence on the development of Althusser, Foucault andDerrida and his ideas have found their way into a wide variety of disciplines.Lafargue, Paul (1841-1911)Paul Lafargue was born in 1842 in Santiago, Cuba of mixed heritage. He moved with his family to France as ayoung boy where he studied medicine and first became involved in politics as a follower of Proudhon. It waswhile a representative of the French working class movement to the First International he became friendly withMarx and Engels and changed his views to those of Marx. Married in 1868 to Laura Marx, Marx's seconddaughter, the Lafargue's began several decades of political work together, financially supported by Engels.Paul was one of the founders of the Marxist wing of the French Workers Party. From 1861 took part in thehttp://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/a.htm (1 of 5) [23/08/2000 17:41:46]
Encyclopedia of Marxism: Larepublican movement. In 1870-71 he carried on organisational and agitational work in Paris and Bordeaux; afterthe fall of the Commune he fled to Spain where he fought for the line of the General Council; they then settled inLondon. After the bloody May Day in Fourmis (1891) he was sentenced to a year's imprisonment. Lafarguefought against reformism and Millerandism and was an advocate of women's rights.Lafargue was an influential speaker and wrote numerous works on revolutionary Marxism, including thehumorous and well-known, "The Right to Be Lazy" and "Evolution and Property". By age 70, in 1911, theelderly couple commit suicide together, having decided they had nothing left to give to the movement to whichthey devoted their lives.See also: Paul Lafargue Internet ArchiveLafargue, Charles Étienne (Schnappy) (1868-1872)Son of Laura and Paul Lafargue.Lafargue, Francois ( -1870)Father of Paul Lafargue.Lafargue, Laura (1845-1911)Karl Marx's second daughter, wife of Paul Lafargue.La Follette, Robert M. (1855-1925)Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin who ran for president in 1924 on the third-party Progressive ticket. TheCP had captured a convention of the Farmer-Labor Party in 1923, changing its name to the FederatedFarmer-Labor Party, but losing whatever labor support it had. The Ruthenberg -Pepper -Lovestone leadership ofthe CP then adopted the policy of linking the FFLP to La Follette's third-party campaign for the presidency.There were enough misgivings about this policy in the CP leadership to get it submitted for review by the ECCI.The latter, after extensive discussion, declared the policy to be opportunist, and the CP pulled back from the LaFollette candidacy, running its own ticket of Foster and Gitlow.Laing, R D (1927-1989)British psychiatrist famous for his treatment of schizophrenia, emphasising the relativity of experience. Hiswritings on psychiatry reflect the influence of Kierkegaard, Dostoyevsky and the Existentialists such as Sartre.http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/a.htm (2 of 5) [23/08/2000 17:41:46]
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