CCSDS 881.0-R-1, Spacecraft Onboard Interface Services—RFID ...

DRAFT RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR RFID-BASED INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSSince UHF can cover dock or door portals up to 3 meters wide, it has gained widespreadindustry support as the choice bandwidth for inventory tracking applications including palletsand cases. For item-level applications, the read range requirements are often just as long. Forsome item-level tagging applications, however, it can become difficult to place tags inpositions to avoid liquids and metals.2.5 RFID STANDARDSISO and EPCglobal represent two of the more recognized RFID standardization efforts.From a pragmatic perspective both ISO and EPCglobal strive to produce an RFIDcommunication and data exchange standard to enable interoperability of multi-vendorsystems. Historically, communication protocol standards have almost exclusively been thedomain of IEEE and ISO. The Electronic Product Code (EPC) is not an internationalstandard approved by ISO. However, EPC has significant traction because of the familiarUPC bar codes and member clout of the EPCglobal consortium. An important observation isthat the EPC deals with more than just how tags and readers communicate: EPCglobal hasestablished and maintains network standards to govern how EPC data is shared amongcompanies and other organizations.Table 2-3: Summary of RFID Standards for Item Management with Frequency BandsFrequencyBandLF125/134.2 kHzHF13.36MHzHF433 MHzUHF860-960 MHzUHF2.45 GHzISOISO 18000-2AISO 18000-2BISO 18000-3 ISO 18000-7ISO 18000-6AISO 18000-6BISO 18000-6CISO 18000-4EPCglobalClass 0Class 1Class 1 Gen 2RFID standards have been established for the HF (13.65 MHz), UHF (860-960 MHz), andIndustrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM—2.45 GHz) bands by the International Organizationfor Standardization under the ISO 18000 series as shown in table 2-3. For the UHFfrequency band that includes the popular 860-960 MHz ISM spectrum, ISO standard 18000-6is the governing standard. The 18000-6 standard details the parameters for how interrogatorssend and receive data from UHF tags. It also specifies the frequencies and channels to beused, as well as bandwidth, channel utilization, frequency-hopping specifications, and othertechnical details. The two earlier amendments (A and B) to the 18000-6 protocols describespecific data-encoding schemes.The UHF standard ISO 18000-6 has been widely adopted by industry and has evolved inpractice to a working system that has been made into an augmented standard by EPCglobal,CCSDS 881.0-R-1 Page 2-4 October 2011