appendix a - Velocidade

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CONTENTS 4 The effect of speed on noise, vibration and emissions from vehicles May 1998 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................7 1.1 The cases to be considered ...........................................................................................7 1.2 Overview......................................................................................................................8 2 EMISSIONS .......................................................................................................................9 2.1 Vehicle emission production processes .........................................................................9 2.1.1 Overview of the production of exhaust gases ......................................................9 2.1.2 Catalytic converters ..........................................................................................12 2.1.3 Other emissions ................................................................................................12 2.1.4 Health impacts of emissions ..............................................................................12 2.2 The effects of speed and driving mode on emissions....................................................13 2.3 Environmental effects of speed control strategies........................................................18 2.3.1 Urban traffic calming ........................................................................................18 2.3.2 Inter-urban traffic calming ................................................................................21 2.4 Emission models.........................................................................................................22 2.5 Emissions databases ...................................................................................................22 2.6 Conclusions................................................................................................................23 3 NOISE EMISSION ...........................................................................................................25 3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................25 3.2 Noise perception and measurement.............................................................................25 3.3 Sources of road traffic noise .......................................................................................27 3.4 The effect of speed on sources of vehicle noise...........................................................29 3.5 Road traffic noise prediction models...........................................................................31 3.6 Choice of noise measure - equivalent or maximum noise levels?..................................33 3.7 Effects of acceleration and deceleration ......................................................................35 3.8 Effects of speed management devices .........................................................................35 3.9 Tempo 30...................................................................................................................35 3.10 Effects of gradients on the noise-vs-speed relation ....................................................36 3.11 Road surface effects .................................................................................................36 3.12 Distance effects ........................................................................................................37 4 VIBRATION.....................................................................................................................39 5 HOW THE MODELS FIT WITHIN THE MASTER FRAMEWORK...............................41 6 CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................................42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................44 7 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................45
Appendices Microscopic emissions simulation models Macroscopic simulation models Sources of Emissions Data Example emissions models. Noise models 5 The effect of speed on noise, vibration and emissions from vehicles May 1998
Page 1 and 2: - Working Paper R 1.2.1 The effect
Page 3: 3 The effect of speed on noise, vib
Page 7 and 8: 1 INTRODUCTION 7 The effect of spee
Page 9 and 10: 2 EMISSIONS 2.1 VEHICLE EMISSION PR
Page 11 and 12: 11 The effect of speed on noise, vi
Page 17 and 18: Ed = Avi + Bvi 2 17 The effect of s
Page 23 and 24: 2.6 CONCLUSIONS 23 The effect of sp
Page 25 and 26: 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3 NOISE EMISSION 2
Page 33 and 34: LAE [dB(A)] 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 He
Page 35 and 36: 3.7 EFFECTS OF ACCELERATION AND DEC
Page 39 and 40: 4 VIBRATION 39 The effect of speed
Page 45 and 46: 7 REFERENCES 45 The effect of speed
Page 51 and 52: Figure A-1: PARAMICS user interface
Page 53 and 54: Figure A-2: AIMSUN2 simulates an in
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Figure A-3: The VISSIM user interfa
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INTEGRATION INTEGRATION is capable
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central to the UROPOL model. If the
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CORINAIR APPENDIX C Sources of Emis
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HEB The HEB (Handbook of Emission F
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A further set of tables provide a s
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Table D-2 Modeled emissions: Propor
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Table D-4 Modeled emissions: Propor
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Table D-6 Modelled emissions: Propo
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The tables below provide examples o
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Table D-8 Modelled emissions: Decel
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A plot of the estimated levels of e
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APPENDIX E Noise emission modelling
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